CN102767404A - System and method of gas turbine for utilizing low-concentration gas - Google Patents
System and method of gas turbine for utilizing low-concentration gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN102767404A CN102767404A CN2011101164344A CN201110116434A CN102767404A CN 102767404 A CN102767404 A CN 102767404A CN 2011101164344 A CN2011101164344 A CN 2011101164344A CN 201110116434 A CN201110116434 A CN 201110116434A CN 102767404 A CN102767404 A CN 102767404A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method of gas turbine for utilizing low-concentration gas. Low-concentration gas is directly leaded to an inlet of a compressor of the gas turbine, enters a heat regenerator after being compressed by the compressor, is preheated by smoke of an outlet of a turbine, is leaded into a regenerative soft combustion chamber for combusting, and the smoke after the gas is combusted is expanded by the turbine to be used for generating power; the smoke after being expanded by the turbine, and the low-concentration gas after being heated by the heat regenerator and compressed by the compressor enter a waste heat boiler to generate steam and then exhausted to the atmosphere; the steam generated in the waste heat boiler enters the turbine to cool blades of the turbine. The low-concentration gas with methane concentration ranging from 1%-2% is directed leaded to the inlet of the compressor of the gas turbine, and the low-concentration gases with methane concentration smaller than 1% and larger than 2% are mixed to obtain the low-concentration gas with the methane concentration ranging from 1%-2% and then leaded to the inlet of the compressor. The low-concentration gas can be directly utilized to generate power, and greenhouse effect gas is reduced by 21.5 times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of utilizing of low concentration gas gas, coal mine to ventilate mash gas; Be a kind of utilization technology of low concentration gas gas, utilize gas turbine that low concentration gas is converted into electric energy, reduce greenhouse gas emission simultaneously; Increase safety of coal mines property, reach the purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Background technique
Gas is meant a kind of unconventional rock gas (its Main Ingredients and Appearance is a methane) that preserves in the coal seam, is a kind of harmful gas that in the coal mining process, comes out automatically, and is colourless, tasteless, inflammable, explosive.When the concentration of gas in the air reaches 5% between 16% the time, meet naked light and will blast.In the middle of the accident that China's coal-mine takes place, gas accident has accounted for more than 70% of all kinds of accidents.Gas is colliery " safe killer ", but gas also is a kind of energy of cleaning simultaneously, and higher value is arranged, and is called as " second coal resources ".
The development and use gas has protects the global environment, and improves multi-efficiencies such as safety of coal mines and increase new energy.Rationally utilize gas, become evil and be usefulness, both solved of the pollution of pump drainage gas, reclaimed this green energy resource of gas again atmosphere environment.Utilize gas to generate electricity, this is an economy that turns waste into wealth, useful approach.Moreover China has abundant coal bed gas resource, and about 35 tcms of gas stock number are suitable with natural gas resource amount (about 38 tcms), have very big market development prospect.
Weary wind is exactly that methane concentration is lower than 0.75% coal mine to ventilate mash gas.China is about the 100-150 billion cubic meter through the methane that weary wind enters atmosphere every year, is equivalent to ten thousand tons of standard coals of 1140-1700, and basic not utilization.Because methane has very strong greenhouse effect, be equivalent to 21.5 times of carbon dioxide greenhouse effect, to the damage capability of ozonosphere 7 times of carbon dioxide.According to statistics, in the methane of China's coal mines discharging, mine air-lack accounts for 91%, and the annual methane that enters atmosphere through weary wind is about the 100-150 billion cubic meter, and is suitable with 120 billion cubic meter amount of natural gas of transfering natural gas from the west to the east, is equivalent to ten thousand tons of standard coals of 1140-1700.According to expert estimation,, equal more than 1,000 ten thousand tons of crude oil or 2,000 ten thousand tons of coals are wasted according to the discharging equivalent of annual 10000000000 tons of pure methanes.Along with country is increasing to demands for energy, constantly developing distributed energy becomes energy saving, solves one of main path of current energy crisis, and abundant weary wind-resources cheap, exist actually obviously is that reliable source of the gas guarantees.Environmental benefit is also obvious.According to statistics, the emptying amount of the annual weary wind of China is equivalent to discharge about 200,000,000 tons carbon dioxide.If can all realize cleaning discharging, 1/5 the task that will accomplish that China declares every year to 1,000,000,000 tons of carbon dioxide of reduction of discharging in 2010.And near 200,000,000 tons of emission amount of carbon dioxide; Change into CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) income and also can reach 15,000,000,000 yuan along with country is increasing to demands for energy; Constantly the development distributed energy becomes energy saving, solves one of main path of current energy crisis, and abundant weary wind-resources cheap, exist actually is exactly that reliable source of the gas guarantees.
Yet because coal mine ventilation air methane content is extremely low, if separate purification, power consumption will be considerably beyond the energy that obtains methane, and is very uneconomical.The methane of this concentration can not directly burn in addition, thus for a long time can only emptying, caused huge energy waste and environmental pollution.The gas turbine of patent low concentration gas utilize method (application number: 200810118325.4) disclose the method for a kind of gas turbine utilization less than 1% low concentration gas; It is through being equipped with auxiliary fuel at the combustion chamber using low concentration gas; But some occasion of actual conditions does not possess other auxiliary fuels, only hopes to utilize low concentration gas.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the system and method that a kind of gas turbine utilizes low concentration gas gas; Do not need other auxiliary fuel, the low concentration gas that utilizes gas turbine will be difficult to purify with directly burning is converted into electric energy, becomes evil and is usefulness; Reduce greenhouse gas emission, increase safety of coal mines.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of gas turbine utilizes the system of low concentration gas gas, and it comprises mixing machine, gas-turbine compressor, regenerator, firing chamber, gas turbine turbine, exhaust heat boiler; Wherein, Mixing machine is provided with the import of two different gas densities, and the mixing machine outlet links to each other with the import of gas-turbine compressor through pipeline, and the outlet of gas-turbine compressor links to each other with the cold side import of regenerator through pipeline; The outlet of regenerator cold side is connected through pipeline with the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type; The soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type also is provided with the import of starting fuel, and the outlet of the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type is connected to the gas turbine turbine through pipeline, and the outlet of turbine is connected to the hot side entrance of regenerator through pipeline; The hot side outlet of regenerator is connected to exhaust heat boiler; The steam (vapor) outlet of exhaust heat boiler is connected to the cooling inlet of gas turbine turbine, and exhaust heat boiler is provided with the fume emission mouth and leads to atmosphere, and gas-turbine compressor and gas turbine turbine and generator link together through axle.
The described system that utilizes low concentration gas gas, its soft firing chamber of said regenerative heat type comprises burning chamber shell, heat exchanger; The burning chamber shell inner cavity is a burning cavity, and contactless heat exchanger is positioned at burning cavity, and burning chamber shell is provided with an import, an outlet.
A kind of described gas turbine utilizes the System Utilization Procedure of low concentration gas gas, and it comprises step:
A) low concentration gas is directly introduced the compressor inlet of gas turbine, after compressor compresses, is got into regenerator and be heated the raising temperature,
B) feed the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type then and directly burn, gas fume after burning is through turbine expansion acting and generating;
C) flue gas after the turbine expansion acting gets into regenerator, and heating gets into exhaust heat boiler then and produces steam through the low concentration gas of compressor compresses;
D) steam of exhaust heat boiler generation gets into turbine cooling turbine blade.
Described method, it is said a) introduces compressor inlet with low concentration gas and is in the step:
(i) be the suction port of compressor that the low concentration gas between 1%～2% is directly introduced gas turbine with methane concentration;
(ii) with methane concentration less than 1% low concentration gas input mixing machine with to form methane concentration greater than 2% low concentration gas blending be that 1%～2% low concentration gas is introduced the suction port of compressor again.
Described method; Its said b) the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type in the step; Be earlier low concentration gas gas to be fed contactless heat exchanger; Utilize contactless heat exchanger that low concentration gas gas is heated through gas fume after burning, its temperature is brought up on the SIT, the zone of combustion that gets into the firing chamber then forms soft burning.
Described method, its said b) the direct burning in the step, it is auxiliary to be that other fuel are not wanted in the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type, but directly utilizes low concentration gas gas burn back acting and generating.
Described method, its said d) utilize the steam of exhaust heat boiler generation that turbine blade is cooled off in the step, substituted the cooling that traditional compressor air carries out, guaranteed the Security of system.
The inventive method transforms the chemical energy in the low concentration gas for high-grade electric energy through gas turbine, and can reduce by 21.5 times of greenhouse gases effects.
The effect of the inventive method is to realize gas turbine the utilizations technology of low concentration gas, and the low concentration gas that will be difficult to purify with directly burning is converted into electric energy, reduces the greenhouse gases effect simultaneously, realizes efficient, the low investment of low concentration gas, low-cost utilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 utilizes the system diagram of low concentration gas gas for a kind of gas turbine of the present invention;
Fig. 2 position a kind of gas turbine of the present invention utilizes the method flow diagram of low concentration gas gas;
Fig. 3 is soft chamber structure of the regenerative heat type in the inventive method and schematic flow sheet.
Label declaration among the figure:
101 mixing machines
102 gas-turbine compressors
103 regenerators
The soft firing chamber of 104 regenerative heat types
105 gas turbine turbines
106 generators
107 exhaust heat boilers
201 methane concentrations are less than 1% gas or air
202 methane concentrations are higher than 2% gas
203 methane concentrations are the gas between 1%～2%
204 low concentration gas after gas-turbine compressor compression
205 low concentration gas after regenerator heating
206 flue gases through the soft combustion chambers burn of regenerative heat type
207 through the flue gas after the acting of gas turbine turbine expansion
208 through the flue gas behind the regenerator
209 flue gases through exhaust heat boiler
The steam that is used for cooling turbine that 210 exhaust heat boilers produce
The starting fluid of the soft firing chamber of 211 regenerative heat types
The startup air of the soft firing chamber of 212 regenerative heat types
301 connect the axle of gas-turbine compressor and turbine
302 connect the axle of gas turbine and generator
401 low concentration gas gas turbines utilize system
The soft firing chamber of 104 regenerative heat types
205 low concentration gas after regenerator heating
206 flue gases through the soft combustion chambers burn of regenerative heat type
501 contactless heat exchangers, 502 burning cavitys
Embodiment
A kind of gas turbine of the present invention utilizes the method for low concentration gas gas; Low concentration gas is directly introduced the suction port of compressor of gas turbine; The barometric pressure through compressor compresses to 8～20 of gas turbine, temperature reaches about 300～550 ℃, gets into regenerator then and is heated by the flue gas of turbine discharge; Temperature reaches about 400～600 ℃; The back feeds the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type and burns, and the gas fume after burning temperature reaches about 700～1200 ℃, and high temperature and high pressure flue gas is through turbine expansion acting and generating.
The concrete model of the gas turbine that above-mentioned pressure range is adopted when depending primarily on actual realization, the pressure ratio of the compressor that the gas turbine of different model is corresponding is different, so also determined the pressure range of the outlet of compressor.Temperature range is mainly by determining with above-mentioned pressure range and methane concentration in the low concentration gas that gets into gas turbine.
Take into account the Security and the gas turbine proficiency of system, the gas turbine of low concentration gas of the present invention utilizes the concentration range that directly gets into gas turbine blower in the system and method to be defined as 1%～2%.The low concentration gas of methane volume concentration 1%～2% is directly introduced the compressor inlet of gas turbine and is utilized, and the methane volume concentration is less than 1% or then can carry out blending through the low concentration gas of variable concentrations methane to reach 1%～2% low concentration gas greater than 2% low concentration gas.
Flue gas after turbine expansion is done manual work; Temperature is about 350～650 ℃; Get into the low concentration gas of contactless regenerator heating through compressor compresses, get into then and enter atmosphere after exhaust heat boiler produces steam, the steam that is produced gets into turbine and carries out the turbine cooling.Traditional gas turbine turbine cooling is to utilize the part air in the compressor to carry out; But what compressor was pressed among the present invention is low concentration gas; Cool off and to bring safety issue and low concentration gas directly gets into the turbine of high temperature, so the present invention utilizes the steam that produces in the exhaust heat boiler that turbine is cooled off.
The soft firing chamber of above-mentioned regenerative heat type mainly contains two-part and forms: contactless heat exchanger and burning cavity; Its working principle is following: the low concentration gas that gets into the firing chamber at first gets into contactless heat exchanger and is heated by gas fume after burning, and temperature after heating is higher than the SIT of low concentration gas; Get into burning cavity then and burn, therefore the burning of this moment is a kind of form of very uniform soft burning because temperature has been higher than SIT; High-temperature flue gas after the burning gets into discharges after contactless heat exchanger heats the low concentration gas gas that gets into the firing chamber.
For the purpose, technological scheme and the advantage that make the inventive method is clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, to further explain of the present invention.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1 is system diagram of the present invention; A kind of gas turbine utilizes the system 401 of low concentration gas gas; Comprise the mixing machine 101 that is provided with different gas density imports, the mixing machine outlet links to each other with the import of gas-turbine compressor 102 through pipeline, and the outlet of gas-turbine compressor links to each other with the cold side import of regenerator 103 through pipeline; The soft firing chamber of regenerator cold side outlet and regenerative heat type 104 is connected through pipeline; The soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type also is provided with the import 211 and 212 of starting fuel, and the outlet of the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type is connected to gas turbine turbine 105 through pipeline, and the outlet of turbine is connected to the hot side entrance of regenerator through pipeline; The hot side outlet of regenerator is connected to exhaust heat boiler 107; The steam (vapor) outlet of exhaust heat boiler is connected to the cooling inlet of gas turbine turbine, and exhaust heat boiler is provided with the fume emission mouth and leads to atmosphere, and gas-turbine compressor and gas turbine turbine and generator 106 link together through axle.Wherein the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type is made up of burning chamber shell, heat exchanger and burning cavity, referring to accompanying drawing 3.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, be the general flow chart of the inventive method, comprising mixing machine 101, gas turbine (forming), regenerator 103, exhaust heat boiler 107 and generator 106 by compressor 102, the soft firing chamber 104 of regenerative heat type and turbine 105.
The inventive method technological process, set forth as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, if the volume concentration of methane is 1%～2% (203) in the low concentration gas, then directly get into compressor 102; If methane concentration is less than 1% (201); Then will be higher than 2% low concentration gas (202) with methane concentration gets into and carries out blending in the mixing machine 101; The formation methane concentration is 1%～2% low concentration gas; Concentration through methane in automatic control and the on-line monitoring low concentration gas gas; In line computation and control the flow of low concentration gas 201 and 202, the low concentration gas of entering mixing machine 101 all is a normal temperature and pressure according to the air mass flow of combustion machine needs, through 102 air-breathing entering mixing machine 101 blending of compressor.Above-mentioned 201 also possibly be air.203 after compressor 102 compressions; The low concentration gas gas 203 of normal temperature and pressure is compressed to 8-20 barometric pressure; After temperature is about 300-550 ℃ (204), gets into regenerator 103 then and heated by the flue gas 207 of turbine discharge, temperature reaches about 400～600 ℃ (205); The back feeds the soft firing chamber 104 of regenerative heat type and burns; Gas fume after burning 206 temperature reach about 700～1200 ℃, and flue gas 206 expands to do work and pass through axle 302 through turbine 105 and drives generators 106 generatings, and the while also drives compressor 102.Flue gas 207 after turbine 105 expands workmanship; Temperature is about 350～650 ℃; Get into 103 heating of contactless regenerator and behind the low concentration gas 204 of compressor compresses, form 208; Get into then and enter atmosphere after exhaust heat boiler 107 produces steam 210, the steam 210 that is produced gets into turbine 105 and carries out the turbine cooling, to guarantee the Security of system.
The soft firing chamber 104 of above-mentioned regenerative heat type mainly contains two-part and forms: contactless heat exchanger 501 and burning cavity 502; Its working principle is following: the low concentration gas 206 that gets into firing chamber 104 at first gets into contactless heat exchanger 501 and is heated by gas fume after burning, and temperature after heating is higher than the SIT of low concentration gas; Get into burning cavity 502 then and burn, therefore the burning of this moment is a kind of form of very uniform soft burning because temperature has been higher than SIT; High-temperature flue gas after the burning gets into discharges after contactless heat exchanger 501 heats the low concentration gas gas that gets into firing chambers.
The above; It only is the preferred embodiment that technological scheme proposes according to the present invention; Be not that the inventive method is done any pro forma restriction; Everyly do not break away from technological scheme content of the present invention, to simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did, all still belong in the claim protection domain of the inventive method according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a gas turbine utilizes the system of low concentration gas gas, it is characterized in that, comprises mixing machine, gas-turbine compressor, regenerator, firing chamber, gas turbine turbine, exhaust heat boiler; Wherein, Mixing machine is provided with the import of two different gas densities, and the mixing machine outlet links to each other with the import of gas-turbine compressor through pipeline, and the outlet of gas-turbine compressor links to each other with the cold side import of regenerator through pipeline; The outlet of regenerator cold side is connected through pipeline with the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type; The soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type also is provided with the import of starting fuel, and the outlet of the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type is connected to the gas turbine turbine through pipeline, and the outlet of turbine is connected to the hot side entrance of regenerator through pipeline; The hot side outlet of regenerator is connected to exhaust heat boiler; The steam (vapor) outlet of exhaust heat boiler is connected to the cooling inlet of gas turbine turbine, and exhaust heat boiler is provided with the fume emission mouth and leads to atmosphere, and gas-turbine compressor and gas turbine turbine and generator link together through axle.
2. the system that utilizes low concentration gas gas according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the soft firing chamber of said regenerative heat type comprises burning chamber shell, heat exchanger; The burning chamber shell inner cavity is a burning cavity, and contactless heat exchanger is positioned at burning cavity, and burning chamber shell is provided with an import, an outlet.
3. a gas turbine according to claim 1 utilizes the System Utilization Procedure of low concentration gas gas, it is characterized in that, comprises step:
A) low concentration gas is directly introduced the compressor inlet of gas turbine, after compressor compresses, is got into regenerator and be heated the raising temperature,
B) feed the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type then and directly burn, gas fume after burning is through turbine expansion acting and generating;
C) flue gas after the turbine expansion acting gets into regenerator, and heating gets into exhaust heat boiler then and produces steam through the low concentration gas of compressor compresses;
D) steam of exhaust heat boiler generation gets into turbine cooling turbine blade.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the said a) step low concentration gas is introduced compressor inlet to be:
(i) be the suction port of compressor that the low concentration gas between 1%～2% is directly introduced gas turbine with methane concentration;
(ii) with methane concentration less than 1% low concentration gas input mixing machine with to form methane concentration greater than 2% low concentration gas blending be that 1%～2% low concentration gas is introduced the suction port of compressor again.
5. method according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said b) the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type in the step is earlier low concentration gas gas to be fed contactless heat exchanger, utilizes contactless heat exchanger that low concentration gas gas is heated through gas fume after burning; Its temperature is brought up on the SIT, and the zone of combustion that gets into the firing chamber then forms soft burning.
6. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said b) direct burning in the step, it is auxiliary to be that other fuel are not wanted in the soft firing chamber of regenerative heat type, but directly utilizes low concentration gas gas burn back acting and generating.
7. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said d) utilize the steam of exhaust heat boiler generation that turbine blade is cooled off in the step.
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| CN2011101164344A CN102767404A (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | System and method of gas turbine for utilizing low-concentration gas |
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| CN2011101164344A CN102767404A (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | System and method of gas turbine for utilizing low-concentration gas |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103857890A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2014-06-11 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | Low-concentration methane gas oxidation system using gas turbine engine waste heat |
| CN106582411A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 重庆大学 | Antifreezing gas mixing method |
| CN108278156A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-13 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Fresh air cooling heating and power generation system |
| CN109140427A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-04 | 西安鑫顶天装备智能科技有限公司 | A kind of combustion gas fission device |
| CN111648745A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-11 | 河南理工大学 | System for raising carbon dioxide concentration by extracting gas from mine with carbon dioxide outburst |
| CN116906177A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-20 | 太原科技大学 | Environment-friendly coal bed gas combustion power generation device |
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| CN101649782A (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-17 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Using method for combustion gas turbine of low-concentration gas |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103857890A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2014-06-11 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | Low-concentration methane gas oxidation system using gas turbine engine waste heat |
| CN106582411A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 重庆大学 | Antifreezing gas mixing method |
| CN106582411B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-02-15 | 重庆大学 | A kind of mixing method of antifreeze gas |
| CN108278156A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-13 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Fresh air cooling heating and power generation system |
| CN109140427A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-04 | 西安鑫顶天装备智能科技有限公司 | A kind of combustion gas fission device |
| CN111648745A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-11 | 河南理工大学 | System for raising carbon dioxide concentration by extracting gas from mine with carbon dioxide outburst |
| CN116906177A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-20 | 太原科技大学 | Environment-friendly coal bed gas combustion power generation device |
| CN116906177B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-12-01 | 太原科技大学 | Environment-friendly coal bed gas combustion power generation device |
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Application publication date: 20121107 |