CN101169071A - Gas turbine circulated generation process for combining high (mediate) calorific value gas and low calorific value gas - Google Patents
Gas turbine circulated generation process for combining high (mediate) calorific value gas and low calorific value gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN101169071A CN101169071A CNA2006101377227A CN200610137722A CN101169071A CN 101169071 A CN101169071 A CN 101169071A CN A2006101377227 A CNA2006101377227 A CN A2006101377227A CN 200610137722 A CN200610137722 A CN 200610137722A CN 101169071 A CN101169071 A CN 101169071A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a combustion engine combination cycle power plant with low heat value, a co-production of the combustion engine combination cycle thermal power plant, an integrated coal gasification cycle combination (IGCC) power plant, and the like. The invention adopts the new technique of gas turbine combined cycle power generating that the high and intermediate heat value gas cooperate with the low heat value gas, and the invention is a technology with high efficiency and low pollution. A low NOx burner provided with a gas turbine and an afterburner boiler adopt a self-cycle preheating heat-storing volution type low NOx gas burning system, therefore the power consumption of the gas supercharger can be reduced by 10-20 percent and the thermal efficiency of the electricity generating of the combined cycle unit can be increased for 5-15 percent. The invention can also solve the problems of the technology difficulty for reconstructing the system and the project cost. The invention can also provide stable combustion for burning the low heat value gas (blast furnace gas), can enable steam cycle system to have larger installed capacity and higher efficiency, and can lower the kilowatt cost. The invention ensures that the combined cycle thermal efficiency can reach about 60 percent, the electricity generating efficiency of the power plant can reach about 55 percent, and the energy can be saved for above 80 percent. The invention can break through a bottleneck that the investment and the electricity generating cost of the intermediate low heat value gas electricity plant are much higher than that of high heat value combined cycle power plant, namely the economic problem, and then the investment cost of the intermediate low heat value gas power plant (or the IGCC) can be lowered greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention; High, (in), calorific value of gas joins low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant new process, relates to low-calorie combustion machine combined-cycle power plant, the coproduction of combustion machine combined cycle thermoelectric factory, whole combined-cycle power plant (being called for short IGCC) etc.
Technical background
The gas turbine initial design is high-quality fuel such as natural gas fuel or Diesel oil, developed the gas turbine of heavy oil combustion (inferior quality, contain ash higher) afterwards.Along with the expansion of gas turbine application scope, people begin to consider with the fuel of low-heat value gas as gas turbine.An important reasons is the thermal efficiency.Present conventional coal gas is the machine configuration set of 51%～56% combined cycle with the thermal efficiency, and the thermal efficiency of generation technology can reach 40.8%～44.8%.In low-heat value gas gas-steam combined circulation form, have thermal efficiency height, can electric power, steam and confession, start rapidly, easy to operate, regulate flexibly, take up an area of fewly, advantage such as the construction period is short is the most promising scheme.The gas-steam combined circulation power station of gas turbine and composition thereof has obtained development faster.
Also there are some obvious problems in the low-heat value gas power station in having built up at present, mainly contains:
(1) power supply efficiency is low, does not demonstrate its high efficiency superiority fully, moreover is that system does not optimize, and the end obtains power recovery, causes energy loss; Vapor recycle not to be optimized to be caused the combustion turbine exhaustion waste heat not obtain to make full use of.
(2) specific investment expense and cost of electricity-generating height
(3) whole system is not carried out complex optimum, and it only is the simple combination of various technology, equipment, and that does not consider also that each subtense angle asks distributes rationally.Gas turbine engine systems, exhaust heat boiler and steam turbine side system flow process and parameter selection etc. all do not come complex optimum from the height of overall performance.
In combined cycle, Gas Turbine Generating Units gross horsepower P
GtFor:
P
gt＝Q
gt·η
gt
In the formula, Q
GtBe the fuel heat of input gas turbine,
η
GtCapillary effect rate for Gas Turbine Generating Units.
Combustion turbine exhaustion waste heat Q
ExhFor:
Q
exh＝Q
gt-P
gt＝Q
gt-Q
gt·η
gt＝Q
gt·(1-η
gt)
Turbo-generator Set gross horsepower P
St
P
st＝Q
exh·η
hr·η
st＝Q
gt·(1-η
gt)·η
hr·η
st
In the formula, η
HrBe exhaust heat boiler efficient, η
StBe Turbo-generator Set capillary effect rate.
A whole set of combined cycle efficiency η
CcFor:
η
cc＝(P
gt+P
st)/Q
gt
＝[Q
gt·η
gt+Q
gt·(1-η
gt)·η
hr·η
st]/Q
gt＝η
gt+(1-η
gt)·η
hr·η
st
Following formula is the result show, in combined cycle, improves gas turbine proficiency η
Gt, improve the exhaust heat boiler efficiency eta
HrWith turbine efficiency η
StFor improving combined cycle efficiency η
CcEffect more obvious.Therefore when the design combined cycle, at first should select gas turbine that power and efficient can both meet the demands as design starting point, and then, consider whether the system of exhaust heat boiler and steam turbine and form dispose rational problem from the efficient of whole combined cycle and investment angle.
Therefore the primary approach that improves combined cycle efficiency is exactly to select the higher gas turbine of turbine initial temperature.Improve the initial temperature of gas turbine, improve the exhaust heat boiler efficiency eta
HrWith turbine efficiency η
sThe efficient of combined cycle is improved greatly, and the raising of its impact effect comparison simple cycle gas turbine engine efficient is much bigger.
Calorific value of gas and low-heat value gas during coal gas can be divided into by its calorific value, its main component is CO and H
2, it is CH that its calorific value is lower than main component
4Rock gas.Coal gas is that what to be blown into that vaporizer produces with air is a kind of low-calorie fuel, and its calorific value is about 1/8 of heating value of natural gas; Coal gas be with oxygen be blown into that vaporizer produces be a kind of in the fuel of calorific value, its calorific value is about the fuel of 1/3 heating value of natural gas of heating value of natural gas, coke-stove gas be a kind of in the fuel of calorific value.
Iron and steel enterprise will produce a large amount of by-products one blast furnace gas (being called for short BFG) in ironmaking processes.
Gas turbine engine systems
The critical piece of original gas turbine all must carry out suitable transformation when the gas turbine of the gas-firing of routine changes when burning in the burning low-heat value gas (blast furnace gas) almost; (1) size of increase coal gas system.(2) regulating system must be transformed.(3) need designing efficiently the coal gas pressurized machine, to solve wasted work excessive.(4) the thorough Transform Type design in firing chamber is to adapt to the combustion characteristic of lower heat of combustion coal gas (blast furnace gas).Therefore increased technical difficulty, and engineering cost, generating efficiency reduced.
Therefore, combustion pusher side system is one of principal element that influences the whole system performance index,
Exhaust heat boiler and steam turbine system
The combined cycle steam system optimal design is the important component part of combined cycle generation technology, is the basis of vapour system product percent of pass, and it provides the basic demand of thermal parameter and configuration aspects for the vapour system design of plant.In the optimization of systematic parameter, improve the exhaust heat boiler efficiency eta
HrWith turbine efficiency η
sVapor recycle is utilized ripe High Temperature High Pressure and thermal technology again, obtains the high efficiency of vapor portion.
When adopting the high afterburning exhaust heat boiler of combustion efficiency that steam output is increased, utilization rate of waste heat height, steam flow increase increases the steam turbine acting, and efficient improves.And be of value to and reduce thermal inertia, be fit to quick start-stop.Select suitable tubule footpath pipe to help enhancing heat transfer, suitable tube pitch, reasonably fin height and pitch can improve the using rate of metal of exhaust heat boiler, alleviate boiler weight.Can draw simultaneously practical optimization result.
Exhaust heat boiler type combined cycle steam system parameter optimization
No matter be single the pressure or the multiple pressure vapour system, all have following relation (not considering water pump wasted work, mechanical efficiency, generator efficiency)
N＝Q·η η＝η
1·η
2·η
3
In the formula:
N is the steam turbine output power; The total amount of heat of Q for providing in the exhaust of combustion machine; 1Q is the heat that exhaust heat boiler absorbed;
1 η is the utilization rate of waste heat of exhaust heat boiler; 2 η are desirable Lang Ken cycle efficiency; 3 η are the steam turbine internal efficiency;
η is the vapour system total efficiency; Ih. be the isentropic enthalpy drop, ideal enthalpy drop of every section steam of steam turbine; IG is every section steam flow of steam turbine.
As seen, the size of combination circulation steam turbine output power depends on the final result that three efficient multiply each other: advanced in performance combined cycle system be unable to do without high efficiency steamer circulation, exhaust heat boiler.
Steam turbine system unavoidably will be carried out quality, energy interchange with gasification, cleaning system etc. in the IGCC system equally, coupling with optimize than general combined cycle complexity many, also much important.Absorb waste heat, the used heat of each subtense angle fully.Optimize and simplified system, improve systematic function, technological progress and performance improve will make middle low-heat value gas power station (or IGCC) cost of investment descend rapidly.
Low-heat value gas (blast furnace gas) calorific value only is that theoretical temperature combustion has only about 1100 ℃ about 800Kcal/m3, and actual combustion temperature is lower, adopts the unappeasable temperature needs of conventional combustion technology.Configuration will reduce by 10% than the combustion turbine combined thermal efficiency of cycle generating efficiency of higher calorific value routinely.
But the preheating temperature of low-heat value gas (blast furnace gas) coal gas is high more, and theoretical temperature combustion is also high more, and combustion efficiency improves widely.Lower heat of combustion coal gas (blast furnace gas) preheating temperature is improved 200 ℃, can improve 100 ℃ of theoretical temperature combustions;
Summary of the invention:
High, (in), calorific value of gas joins low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant technology; Combined cycle system be high to adopt as far as possible (in) gas turbine of calorific value.Reduce in the combined cycle system size transformation to (1) coal gas system of gas turbine.(2) regulating system transformation.(3) the excessive transformation of coal gas pressurized machine wasted work.(4) thermal efficiency height of gas turbine is given full play in the Transform Type design transformation of firing chamber, can electric power, steam and confession, start rapidly, and easy to operate, regulate flexible nature.Reduce technical difficulty, and engineering cost.Provide better technical support for the burning of lower heat of combustion coal gas (blast furnace gas) simultaneously.To exhaust heat boiler and steam turbine system, adopt the high-temp combustion technology, low-heat value gas all is preheating to more than 1000 ℃ fully burns, adopt the low NOx coal gas burner system of the pre-thermal regenerator eddy type of self-loopa, lower heat of combustion coal gas (blast furnace gas) thus exhaust heat boiler is carried out the high efficiency afterburning, satisfy the requirement of 750 ℃-900 ℃ of exhaust heat boiler temperature, because coal gas of high temperature and air mixing burning have produced the high theoretical combustion temperature, can be efficient, rapidly, stable, make low-heat value gas (blast furnace gas) burning fully, improve the utilization rate of waste heat of exhaust heat boiler, make its utilization rate of waste heat, rate of heat exchange reaches nearly 100%, improve the exhaust heat boiler steam output, vapor pressure, make the power of steam turbine, efficient increases, and makes that the steam circulation electric motor power is bigger, efficient is higher, and kilowatt cost reduces.Changed the use high performance gas-turbine engine simultaneously, the thermal efficiency during the additional combustion boiler combined cycle system of configuration descends, and the combined cycle thermal efficiency can be reached about 60%, and the generating efficiency of power plant can reach about 55%; Thermodynamic system is further perfect, and the efficient of gas to generate electricity further improves.High efficiency just means the saving energy, energy-conservation reaching more than 60%.
High, (in), calorific value of gas joins low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant technology, gas to generate electricity makes NO
xEmission level the same with rock gas low, the same efficient is high, CO
2Discharge amount reduce accordingly too.
The high-temp combustion technology is a kind of brand-new type combustion technology that developed country begins generally to apply, and the multiple superiority high-temp combustion technology that it has efficient flue gas recovery and high temperature preheating and low NOx drainage becomes efficient, the advanced combustion technology of energy-saving and environmental protection type that develops rapidly in the world.Compare with the traditional combustion technology, its combustion thermal efficiency of high-temp combustion technology can be up to 90%, the high-temp combustion technology can save energy by device and reaches more than 60%, thereby or reduce the CO2 discharging more than 60%, the high-temp combustion technology realizes the oxygen deprivation zonal combustion simultaneously, the NOx discharging is reduced greatly, can reach 40 ' 10-6 order of magnitude.High-temp combustion technology combustion noise is low in addition, has alleviated noise pollution.The high-temp combustion technology is described as the revolution of combustion technology by international expert, and indicates efficient, the energy-conservation and green technology that does not surpass it in 50 years from now on, is also referred to as one of key technology of 21st century, a kind of combustion technology of novel concept.
Embodiment
High, (in), calorific value of gas joins low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant technology, it is flue gas waste heat recovery and high-temp combustion technology, efficient burning and reduce technology such as NOx discharging and organically combine, thereby has realized the dual purpose of the energy-conservation and limit reduction NOx discharge amount of the limit.In low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant system, install n efficiently from warm-up cycle NOx high-temperature burning system, system is divided into single jet and two kinds of two spouts, to adapt to the layout of diverse location.The system that forms a two-stage combustion forms a fuel element.Heat retainer in the heat exchanger adopts high alumina tubular type composite heat storage structure, advantages such as resistance to thermal shocks is good, good heat conductivity that it has; All be equipped with oneself, manual modulation valve on the coal gas connecting tube before each burner, thereby make the ability of each burner, particularly top and lower burner to regulate on demand; The employing electronic striking is lighted, and makes security of system reliable.The low-heat value gas power station is more too high than higher calorific value circulating power station investment cost and cost of electricity-generating in the breakthrough, (being economy problems) this bottleneck, improved key equipment, optimize and simplified system, improve systematic function, technological progress and performance improve, and low-heat value gas power station (or IGCC) cost of investment descends rapidly in will making.
Aspect the optimum organization of whole system, the optimized Measures that solved the past is confined to specific flowage structure more, or the local optimum of some Parameter Optimization under the specified conditions, with respect to whole system, may not be optimum.Now multiple parameter and flow process are optimized synchronously, attempted utilizing the method centering low-heat value gas power station (or IGCC) system's combustion gas side and exhaust heat boiler side steam circulation to optimize.Increase the electric motor power in power station, make it to reach the level of economics of scale, and adopt separate unit high-capacity gas turbine, steam turbine as far as possible.Electric motor power is very big to investment influence, if the power of the assembling unit whenever doubles, and the unit price 10%-20% that will descend.The steam turbine high-temperature gas turbine of high parameter and the use in conjunction of high parameter steam turbine technology are the high performance keys of assurance system, also are a trend of middle low-heat value gas power station (or IGCC) technical development.Studies show that in a large number combustion process is to cause energy loss and cause the key link that environmental ecology is polluted in the traditional power system; The innovation of combustion process and recovery technology are used the energy power system developing development of new generation that will promote novel concept.Efficient and rational being meant according to the principle of energy level coupling with gas utilized coal gas, gives full play to the benefit of precious resources, energy saving
High, (in), calorific value of gas joins low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant new process; Be one have efficient, a low pollution advantage use the gas technology.The low-NOx combustor of equipment gas turbine and additional combustion boiler adopt the low NOx coal gas of the pre-thermal regenerator eddy type of self-loopa to burn system, the NOx effluent concentration can be controlled at the level of 25-16ppmv (51-33mg/m3).Its NOx effluent concentration has only the 1/24-1/44 of gas fired boiler actual discharge concentration.Advanced self-evident on pollution control technology.Also has significant advantage aspect the CO2 reduction of discharging.Under identical generated energy, the discharge amount of CO2 can be reduced (with respect to the bituminous coal generating) over half.Because high, (in), calorific value of gas joins the high efficiency of low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant novel technique itself and the rationality of using energy source, makes under the energy resource supply condition of equivalent, the total emission volumn of pollutant reduces greatly; Because this advance in the pollution control technology aspect of technology as low-NOx combustor, can be controlled at the effluent concentration of NOx and CO the level that is better than gas fired boiler and national environmental standard greatly.
High, (in), calorific value of gas join low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant new process break through in the low-heat value gas power station more too high than higher calorific value circulating power station investment cost and cost of electricity-generating, (being economy problems) this bottleneck, improved key equipment, optimize and simplified system, improve systematic function, technological progress and performance improve, and low-heat value gas power station (or IGCC) cost of investment descends rapidly in will making.
Aspect the optimum organization of whole system, the optimized Measures that solved the past is confined to specific flowage structure more, or the local optimum of some Parameter Optimization under the specified conditions, with respect to whole system, may not be optimum.Now multiple parameter and flow process are optimized synchronously, attempted utilizing the method centering low-heat value gas power station (or IGCC) system's combustion gas side and exhaust heat boiler side steam circulation to optimize.Increase the electric motor power in power station, make it to reach the level of economics of scale, can use in extensive fields, as oil gas field association rock gas, the torch of kerosene factory, the coal gas that the blast furnace of iron and steel enterprise, coke oven and iron alloy electric furnace diffuse, chemical fertilizer factory's purge gas of chemical enterprise and calcium carbide, yellow phosphorus, the biogas that the coal-seam gas of not utilizing in the coal gas that carbon black plant's production is diffused, the coal mining, the waste matter of food service industry and refuse landfill produce etc.Higher calorific value such as rock gas and biogas can reach 8000-9000kcal/Nm3, medium coke-stove gas is 4200kcal/Nm3, low is 750-900kcal/Nm3 as the purge gas of chemical fertilizer factory and the blast furnace gas of steel mill, originally be good gaseous fuel, be used for replacing not only energy saving in a large number of oil and coal, can also reduce pollution and raising economic benefit of enterprises atmosphere.High, (in), to join the generating of low-heat value gas gas turbine combined cycle power plant new process be the most effectively applicable method to calorific value of gas.Not only have huge energy-saving effect and economic benefit.Have stronger adaptability and flexibility.Energy-saving potential is huge.
Claims (5)
1. lower calorific value self-preheating circulated low NOx high temperature combustion system efficiently is the exhaust heat boiler afterburning of combined cycle in adopting, improve the rate of heat exchange of exhaust heat boiler and steam turbine the generating thermal efficiency.
2. in combined-cycle power plant, low-calorie fuel and senior middle school's mixed being pressurized in the gas turbine of combustion value fuel ginseng are not burnt, reduce the supercharging power consumption of fuel.
3. combustion machine fuel adopts the advantage of the higher performance combustion machine of calorific value as far as possible, reduces the transformation of gas turbine.
4. when selecting the model of gas turbine and steam turbine; Based on lower calorific value afterburning amount, preferentially guarantee the rate of heat exchange of exhaust heat boiler and steam turbine the generating thermal efficiency.And then the model of definite gas turbine.
5. advantage and the high-temp combustion technology with combined cycle organically combines
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102799161A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-28 | 浙江大学 | Performance index correcting and comparing method and regulation control system of combined cycle generating unit |
| CN102979629A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-20 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Operation method for matching high-heat-value gas with combustion engine rated at low heating value |
| CN103089452A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 鞍山钢铁集团公司第二发电厂 | CCPP running operation method within short period of time in shortage of blast furnace gas |
| CN103411232A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-27 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Design and transformation method for double-heat-storage combustion system suitable for coal gas with different heat values |
| CN104373164A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-25 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power station system with complementary combustion type waste heat boiler and operating method |
| CN104593533A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-06 | 鞍山钢铁集团公司第二发电厂 | Low-calorific-value operating method of blast furnace gas-fired 300MW generator set |
| CN111608936A (en) * | 2020-05-31 | 2020-09-01 | 华南理工大学 | Constant-pressure air energy storage and release system and method suitable for unstable power supply side |
| CN111640041A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-09-08 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Simplified measuring and calculating method for heat rate of steam turbine of combined cycle power station |
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| CN102979629A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-20 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Operation method for matching high-heat-value gas with combustion engine rated at low heating value |
| CN103089452A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 鞍山钢铁集团公司第二发电厂 | CCPP running operation method within short period of time in shortage of blast furnace gas |
| CN102799161A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-28 | 浙江大学 | Performance index correcting and comparing method and regulation control system of combined cycle generating unit |
| CN102799161B (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-11-05 | 浙江大学 | Performance index correcting and comparing method of combined cycle generating unit |
| CN103411232A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-27 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Design and transformation method for double-heat-storage combustion system suitable for coal gas with different heat values |
| CN103411232B (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2015-08-05 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | A kind of applicable different calorific value of gas Two-cuff Technique Combustion System Design and remodeling method |
| CN104373164A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-25 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power station system with complementary combustion type waste heat boiler and operating method |
| CN104593533A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-06 | 鞍山钢铁集团公司第二发电厂 | Low-calorific-value operating method of blast furnace gas-fired 300MW generator set |
| US11119092B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2021-09-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Biogas quality evaluation device, biogas quality evaluation method, and program |
| TWI740105B (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2021-09-21 | 日商三菱重工業股份有限公司 | Information output device, information output method, and program |
| CN111640041A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-09-08 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Simplified measuring and calculating method for heat rate of steam turbine of combined cycle power station |
| CN111608936A (en) * | 2020-05-31 | 2020-09-01 | 华南理工大学 | Constant-pressure air energy storage and release system and method suitable for unstable power supply side |
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