CN102759403A - Method for quantifying color of sample - Google Patents
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- CN102759403A CN102759403A CN2012101839289A CN201210183928A CN102759403A CN 102759403 A CN102759403 A CN 102759403A CN 2012101839289 A CN2012101839289 A CN 2012101839289A CN 201210183928 A CN201210183928 A CN 201210183928A CN 102759403 A CN102759403 A CN 102759403A
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Abstract
The invention relates to method for quantifying the color of a sample, a method for determining color changes of the sample, and a method for comparing colors of multiple samples. The method for quantifying the color of the sample comprises the steps that the sample is scanned, so as to conveniently obtain scanned pictures of the sample; color information data of the scanned pictures are collected; and the color of the sample is quantified on the basis of the color information data of the scanned pictures. By utilizing the method for quantifying the color of the sample, the color of the sample can be determined rapidly, accurately and effectively; and the method for quantifying the color of the sample, which is disclosed by the invention, does not need special equipment, has the advantages of low equipment cost, objective and accurate data, wide application range and immediacy, and is simple to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to color or the observing and controlling of brown stain in food processing, detection, the analytical technology, and application, printing, dyeing and academic research etc. need the technical field of control colors.Particularly, the present invention relates to the method that the color to sample quantizes.More specifically, the present invention relates to method that the color to sample quantizes, confirm the method that color sample changes and the method for more a plurality of color sample.
Background technology
In the processing and storage of food, the color of food is to need monitoring, otherwise can have influence on the color and luster and the local flavor of food, also can reduce nutritive value of food, even can produce some objectionable impuritiess, and food security is constituted a threat to.Especially the brown stain problem of food all is the important control and the research object of field of food all the time.In application, printing also need be carried out the control of color aspect to product or raw material in the fields such as dyeing, to reach the standard of demand.Therefore the mensuration of material color and variation thereof is to productive life, or scientific research is all had important meaning.
Yet the material color assay method of present stage still remains to be improved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on inventor's following discovery and accomplishes:
At present, the assay method of material color and change color mainly contains four kinds:
1, AAS
AAS is through measuring the absorbance log of measured matter light in certain wave strong point or certain wavelength coverage, this material being carried out the method for qualitative and quantitative analysis.When fixed solution layer thickness and absorptivity, the concentration of absorbance and solution is linear.When quantitative test, at first need measure the absorbing state (absorption spectrum) of solution to different wavelengths of light, therefrom confirm maximum absorption wavelength, the light with this wavelength is light source then, measures a series of absorbance.
This method is used spectrophotometer, under suitable detection wavelength (being the optimum absorb wavelength of material to be detected), packs transparent liquid material to be detected in the cuvette into, detects its change color or color intensity.
It is spectrophotometer that the deficiency of this method: a, needs use specialized equipment; B, detection material have strict restriction, promptly can only accurately detect transparence solution; C, measure before, must detect the optimum absorb wavelength of test substance earlier, and need to select suitable cuvette (when using wavelength, must select quartz colorimetric utensil), otherwise accurate Show Color data less than 200nm; Can not measure contrast between d, the different colours material; F, can not measure the static nature value of color.
2, compare the colour photometer determination method
Relatively colour photometer (Lovibond tintmeter) is a kind of visual color measurement instrument.It has adopted internationally recognized special-purpose colour code is the colourity that the Lovibond colour scale is measured various liquid, colloid, solid and powdered sample.
This method is red, yellow, blue through regulating, in four kinds of color filters of neutral gray three kinds, and the color after making it compound and the solid colour of testee promptly reach the color that visual color-match is measured material.
The deficiency of this method: a, human factor influence realize because this method is mated through visual color, so it is bigger influenced by individual visual perception greatly; B, accuracy are low, influenced by the threshold of feelings, can not be accurate as instrument; C, poor repeatability, long like Measuring Time, visual discrimination power begins to descend, and causes being difficult to reappearing etc.; D, poor in timeliness need the operation color filter to regulate color matching, and adjustment process is longer, therefore can't be applied to measure color political reform speed aspect.
3, digital camera photographic process
According to relevant paper introduction, this method need be used digital camera, and under certain pattern, the light condition that strict control is taken uses Photoshop software to check the corresponding data parameter of picture then.
The requirement of the deficiency of this method: a, digital camera shooting technology; The light control of b, photo environment is complicated, receives surrounding environment influence big, and operation easier is high; C, bad measurement repeatability.
4, aberration colorimeter method
Colorimeter is through compare the color distortion between model (standard white) and the seized article, the four groups of chromatism datas of △ E, △ L, △ a, △ b after output three groups of data of CIELab and the colorimetric automatically.Be mainly used in measure change in color or and standard colors between difference.
The deficiency of this method: a, specialized equipment colorimeter cost an arm and a leg; The absolute measurement precision of b, colorimeter is bad, and is correct because the relation of visual sensitivity territory color filter, sensor is difficult to regulate.
The present invention is intended to solve at least one of technical matters that exists in the prior art.For this reason, one object of the present invention is to propose a kind of have equipment cost material color low, simple to operate, applied widely and change color method for measuring.
Thus, according to an aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method that the color of sample is quantized.According to embodiments of the invention, this method may further comprise the steps: sample is scanned, so that obtain the scanning picture of sample; The color information data of acquisition scans picture; And, the color of sample is quantized based on the color information data of scanning picture.Utilize this method can be fast, the color to sample quantizes accurately and efficiently.In addition, the inventor is surprised to find, and the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention need not specialized equipment, and equipment cost is low, simple to operate, data are objective and accurate, applied widely, and have advantages such as instantaneity.
According to embodiments of the invention; The method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention; The scope of application is very wide, and promptly the physical form of sample and character do not receive special restriction, so long as can absorb and reflect visible light; And the material with certain form, all can utilize method of the present invention that its color is quantized.According to concrete examples more of the present invention, sample can be for having can absorbing and the material of reflect visible light of at least a form that is selected from Powdered, block, liquid state and pulpous state.Thus; Can effectively utilize scanner scans sample; Further can utilize Photoshop software that the collection that the scanning picture of the sample that obtains carries out color information data is read and data processing, thereby can be effectively the color of sample be quantized, confirm its color.
According to embodiments of the invention; In the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention, before sample is scanned, further comprise sample is carried out pre-service; Said pre-service comprises: the physical form that changes sample through physics mode; So that the plane that sample is had can supply scan, wherein, this physics mode can be following at least a for being selected from: bulk sample is cut or polishes; And utilize bottom flat, the uniform colourless transparent glass container of thickness that the sample of Powdered, liquid state or pulpous state is carried out splendid attire.Thus, can make sample have the plane that supply to scan, thereby can carry out follow-up scanning effectively.
According to embodiments of the invention; In the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention; Before sample scanned, comprise further scanner carried out the parameter setting that setting up standard of the parameter that wherein need be provided with and each parameter do not receive special restriction; Those skilled in the art can grasp according to the real work needs flexibly.According to concrete examples more of the present invention, parameter can be for being selected from least a of scan pattern, type of exposure, image type and resolution.According to other embodiment of the present invention, scanner is carried out parameter be provided with further and comprise: scan pattern is set to reflect manuscript, and type of exposure is set to automatic exposure, and image type is set to full-color, and resolution is set to be not less than 300dpi.Thus, can obtain high-quality scanning picture effectively.
According to concrete examples more of the present invention, adopt the EPSON2480 scanner that sample is scanned.
In addition,, in the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention, before sample scanned, further comprise the external light source of gated sweep environment, make external light source evenly constant according to embodiments of the invention.Particularly, according to some embodiments of the present invention, can scan: under the daylight lamp, very weak environment and the dark environment of light through the external light source of following at least a method gated sweep environment: a, being selected under the following at least a environment; B, on the pretreated sample of said process, add a cover black plane material, preferred black lucifuge paper; C, on the pretreated sample of said process, add a cover the white plane material, preferred white lucifuge paper.Thus, the external light source of gated sweep environment makes external light source evenly constant, thereby can effectively sample be scanned effectively, and then can obtain high-quality scanning picture.
According to embodiments of the invention; In the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention; The kind of color information data does not receive special restriction, and those skilled in the art can select required color information data to gather and read according to the actual experiment situation.According to concrete examples more of the present invention, color information data can be for being selected from least a of monochrome information data, monochrome information data and polychrome information data.
According to embodiments of the invention; In the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention; Utilize Photoshop software that the scanning picture of sample is carried out the method that the collection of color information data reads and do not receive special restriction, those skilled in the art can grasp according to the actual experiment situation flexibly.According to concrete examples more of the present invention, utilize Photoshop software, through being selected from least a of point sampling, single arda sampling method and multizone sampling method, the color information data of acquisition scans picture.
According to one embodiment of present invention; In the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention, utilize Photoshop software, adopt the color information data of point sampling acquisition scans picture; Wherein, Point sampling further comprises: according to statistics sampling principle, as: accidental sampling, systematic sampling method or method of stratified sampling, on the scanning picture of sample, choose a plurality of sampling spots; Read the color information data of a plurality of sampling spots; And the mean value that calculates the color information data of a plurality of sampling spots, so that obtain the color information data of sample.According to another embodiment of the invention, utilize Photoshop software, adopt single arda sampling method, the color information data of acquisition scans picture, wherein, single arda sampling method further comprises: on the scanning picture of sample, choose resample area through rules block; Read the mean value of the color information data of resample area, the mean value of the color information data of this resample area constitutes the color information data of sample.According to still a further embodiment; Utilize Photoshop software; Adopt the color information data of multizone sampling method acquisition scans picture; Wherein, the multizone sampling method further comprises: according to statistics sampling principle, on the scanning picture of sample, choose a plurality of resample area through rules block; Read the mean value of the color information data of each resample area respectively, and the population mean of mean value of calculating the color information data of a plurality of resample area, so that obtain the color information data of said sample.
Wherein, According to embodiments of the invention, in the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention, utilize Photoshop software; When adopting the color information data of point sampling acquisition scans picture; Can be selected under at least a pattern of RGB, LAB and Web, read the color information data of a plurality of sampling spots, preferred RGB pattern.According to other embodiment of the present invention; In the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention; Utilize Photoshop software; When adopting the color information data of single arda sampling method or multizone sampling method acquisition scans picture, can in histogram, read the mean value of the color information data of resample area.
According to embodiments of the invention; In the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention; Based on the color information data of scanning picture, the color of sample is quantized further to comprise: utilize to be selected from least a of RGB sample mean, the RGB color inquiry table of comparisons, LAB sample mean, average brightness and aberration colourity, confirm the color parameter of said sample; Wherein, said aberration colourity calculates through following formula:
Colourity angle: H
*=tan
-1(b
*/ a
*);
Total color difference: Δ E
*=[(Δ L
*)
2+ (Δ a
*)
2+ (Δ b
*)
2]
1/2
Colourity: C
*=[(a
*)
2+ (b
*)
2]
1/2
Wherein, in above-mentioned formula, a
*, b
*Expression colourity, L
*Expression brightness, H
*Expression colourity angle, Δ E
*The expression total color difference, C
*Expression colourity.Thus, can be effectively the color of sample be quantized.
According to concrete examples more of the present invention, the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention can also may further comprise the steps: sample is carried out pre-service; Scanner is carried out the parameter setting; Utilize the scanner that is provided with through parameter, will pass through pretreated sample and scan, so that obtain the scanning picture of sample; Utilize Photoshop software that the scanning picture is carried out the collection of color information data; And, the color of sample is quantized based on the color information data of scanning picture.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the present invention also provides the method that a kind of definite color sample changes.According to embodiments of the invention, this method can may further comprise the steps: according to the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention, sample is quantized in the color under the different conditions; And the color of resulting quantification compared, so that confirm the change color of sample.Wherein, Employed in this article term " different conditions "; Both can refer to the same sample state on different time points as time passes; Also can refer to same sample is handled the state of front and back, " processing " wherein described here can be any disposal route that possibly cause that color sample changes known in the art, for example in sample, adds ascorbic acid etc.Thus, can confirm the change color situation of same sample before and after different time points or processing effectively.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the present invention also provides a kind of method of more a plurality of color sample.According to embodiments of the invention, this method can may further comprise the steps: according to the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention, respectively the color of each in a plurality of samples is quantized; And the color of the quantification of resulting each sample compared, so that confirm the color distortion of a plurality of samples.Wherein, employed here term " a plurality of " is meant that the quantity of sample is no less than two.The inventor is surprised to find, and utilizes this method can confirm efficiently and accurately and the color distortion situation of more a plurality of samples.In addition; The method of more a plurality of color sample of the present invention can also further be applied to confirm the change color situation of more a plurality of samples under different conditions; Thus; The different colours situation of change that can parallel effectively more a plurality of samples under same processing, be shown, thus can the more data support be provided for experimental work.Particularly; Can confirm the variation of material color through detecting data; And then the variation tendency of color data is improved the process conditions of production and processing per sample, can be the brown stain of control product in food processing process for example, and improving fabrication process condition provides examination criteria; Or control the quality of product with the standard items color contrast, product is developed, like the standard degree of its color of control in paint or paper to the color of object direction.According to one embodiment of present invention; Add the ascorbic acid of variable concentrations respectively to a plurality of Brazilian banana samples; Utilize the method for more a plurality of color sample of the present invention then, every 20min carries out single pass and color quantizing to sample, the banana pulp is protected the influence of look anti-brown stain effect so that confirm the addition of ascorbic acid; Thereby can be based on experimental result; In conjunction with relevant restraining factors, as selections such as production cost, product colourity suitable protect the look fabrication process condition, and then can strong data support be provided for the banana processing technology.
Need to prove, the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention, the present inventor accomplishes through the arduous creative work and the work of optimization.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize through practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage obviously with are easily understood becoming the description of embodiment from combining figs, wherein:
Fig. 1 has shown the schematic flow sheet of the method that the color of sample is quantized according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 has shown the scanning picture on (right side) behind initial (left side) and the 80min of the banana pulp of handling through different ascorbic acid additions according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 has shown the influence curve figure of the addition of ascorbic acid according to an embodiment of the invention to the brown stain of banana pulp; And
Fig. 4 shown chestnut drink sample according to an embodiment of the invention (on) and the scanning picture of standard reference article (descending).
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of said embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Be exemplary through the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings below, only be used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Conventional method:
With reference to Fig. 1, the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention can may further comprise the steps:
At first, sample is carried out pre-service;
Secondly, scanner is carried out the parameter setting;
Then, utilize the scanner that is provided with through parameter, will pass through pretreated sample and scan, so that obtain the scanning picture of sample;
Next, utilize the color information data of Photoshop software collection scanning picture;
Then, based on the color information data of scanning picture, the color of sample is quantized.
Embodiment 1: the addition of ascorbic acid protects the confirming of influence of the anti-brown stain effect of look to the banana pulp
According to following steps, confirm that the addition of ascorbic acid protects the influence of look anti-brown stain effect to the banana pulp:
1. the preparation of sample and processing:
With ninety percent Brazilian banana ripe, that nothing is rotted, had no mechanical damage is raw material.Ratio according to solid-liquid ratio 1:4 adds entry, and adds ascorbic acid 0,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.8mg/mL respectively, pulls an oar through hollander.The 50mL pulp of measuring different disposal respectively joins in the consistent clear glass double dish of the even specification of bottom thickness.
2. sample scanning:
The clear glass double dish that pulp is housed is placed on the EPSON2480 scanner, cover with white cardboard.Scan pattern be set at the reflection manuscript (professional mode), the automatic exposure type is set, image type be set at 24 full-color, resolution is 300dpi, guarantees that scanning panel is clean, scans then.Every 20min run-down.Fig. 2 has shown the scanning picture through (right side) behind initial (left side) of the banana pulp of 6 kinds of ascorbic acid additions processing and the 80min.
3. color information data collection:
Use photoshop software to open the scanning picture; Adopt single arda sampling method; Each sample in every scanning picture (like Fig. 2) is got the central area, uses the rectangular selection instrument, and wide and height all is set at 4cm; Read the average brightness value (being also referred to as " average brightness " in this article sometimes) of sample, so that the color of each sample is quantized.
4. plotted and brown stain protection evaluation:
According to the data of gathering, be horizontal ordinate with the standing time, the colour brightness mean value (color that quantizes) when the banana pulp is with the placement different time after the process different disposal is ordinate, curve plotting figure, the result sees Fig. 3.Fig. 3 has shown the curve map of the addition of ascorbic acid to the influence of banana pulp brown stain.Thus, brightness change curve per sample can contrast the effect of different disposal, and the brown stain variation tendency of banana pulp, combines relevant restraining factors then, protects the look fabrication process condition like the suitable banana of selection of production cost, product colourity.
Embodiment 2: the quality of colour evaluation of clarification type chestnut drink sample
As contrast, utilize the method that the color of sample is quantized of the present invention with similar other products (standard reference article), a kind of clarification type chestnut drink newly developed is carried out the quality of colour evaluation, wherein estimation steps is following:
1. obtain the color information data of standard reference article:
At first, measure 50mL standard reference article (commercially available clear liquid state beverage), pour in the clear glass double dish, place on the EPSON2480 scanner, and cover the clear glass double dish with white cardboard;
Secondly, the scan pattern of EPSON2480 scanner is set to reflect manuscript (professional mode), and type of exposure is set to automatically, image type be set at 24 full-color, resolution is set to 300dpi;
Then, guarantee that scanning panel is clean, the scanner of the parameter of utilization process then setting will pass through pretreated sample and scan, so that obtain the scanning picture of sample, see figure below of Fig. 4;
Then, use Photoshop software to open the scanning picture of sample, and adopt the multizone sampling method; Use the rectangular selection instrument, on the scanning picture of sample, choose five resample area (foursquare four summits and five zones of central point), and in histogram, read the average brightness of each resample area; And rgb value, averaging value again, detailed data sees table 1; Wherein, the wide and height of rectangular selection instrument all is set at 2cm:
The color data of table 1 standard reference article
2. obtain the color information data of chestnut drink sample:
According to the step of obtaining standard reference article color information data; Adopt identical container, the identical condition of scanning, identical sample circuit computing method; Obtain the average brightness and the RGB numerical value of clarification type chestnut drink sample newly developed; Wherein, the scanning picture of chestnut drink sample is seen the last figure of Fig. 4, and detailed data sees table 2:
Table 2 color sample data
3. chestnut drink color sample evaluation:
According to the color information data of the standard reference article and the chestnut drink sample of above-mentioned acquisition, according to the following formula basis of calculation with reference to the brightness of article and chestnut drink sample and the error rate of RGB total value:
Error rate=(sample-standard reference article)/standard reference article * 100.
The result shows: the luminance errors rate of chestnut drink sample and standard reference article is 0.21%, and RGB total value error rate is 1.06%, shows that chestnut drink sample and standard reference article color are basic identical, has reached manufacturer's required standard.
In the description of this instructions, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means the concrete characteristic, structure, material or the characteristics that combine this embodiment or example to describe and is contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or the example.In this manual, the schematic statement to above-mentioned term not necessarily refers to identical embodiment or example.And concrete characteristic, structure, material or the characteristics of description can combine with suitable manner in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention; Those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and aim, can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. the method that the color of sample is quantized is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Said sample is scanned, so that obtain the scanning picture of sample;
Gather the color information data of said scanning picture; And
Based on the color information data of said scanning picture, the color of said sample is quantized.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said sample is to have can absorbing and the material of reflect visible light of at least a form that is selected from Powdered, block, liquid state and pulpous state.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, before said sample is scanned, comprises further said sample is carried out pre-service that said pre-service comprises:
Change the physical form of said sample through physics mode so that make said sample have the plane that can supply scan, wherein, said physics mode be selected from following at least a:
Bulk sample is cut or polishes; And
Utilize bottom flat, the uniform colourless transparent glass container of thickness that the sample of Powdered, liquid state or pulpous state is carried out splendid attire.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, before said sample is scanned, comprises further scanner is carried out the parameter setting that wherein said parameter is be selected from scan pattern, type of exposure, image type and resolution at least a,
Randomly, saidly scanner is carried out parameter be provided with further and comprise: scan pattern is set to reflect manuscript, and type of exposure is set to automatic exposure, and image type is set to full-color, and resolution is set to be not less than 300dpi,
Randomly, adopt the EPSON2480 scanner that said sample is scanned.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, before said sample is scanned, further comprises the external light source of gated sweep environment, makes said external light source evenly constant,
Randomly, the external light source through following at least a method gated sweep environment:
A, scan being selected under the following at least a environment: under the daylight lamp, very weak environment and the dark environment of light;
B, on the pretreated sample of said process, add a cover black plane material, preferred black lucifuge paper;
C, on the pretreated sample of said process, add a cover the white plane material, preferred white lucifuge paper.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said color information data is be selected from monochrome information data, monochrome information data and polychrome information data at least a.
7. according to claim 1 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that, utilize Photoshop software, through being selected from least a of point sampling, single arda sampling method and multizone sampling method, the color information data of gathering said scanning picture.
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, based on the color information data of said scanning picture, the color of said sample is quantized further to comprise:
Utilization is selected from least a of RGB sample mean, the RGB color inquiry table of comparisons, LAB sample mean, average brightness and aberration colourity, confirms the color parameter of said sample, and wherein, said aberration colourity calculates through following formula:
Colourity angle: H
*=tan
– 1(b
*/ a
*);
Total color difference: Δ E
*=[(Δ L
*)
2+ (Δ a
*)
2+ (Δ b
*)
2]
1/2
Colourity: C
*=[(a
*)
2+ (b
*)
2]
1/2
9. the method that definite color sample changes is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
According to each described method of claim 1-8, said sample is quantized in the color under the different conditions; And
The color of resulting quantification is compared, so that confirm the change color of said sample.
10. the method for more a plurality of color sample is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
According to each described method of claim 1-8, respectively the color of each in said a plurality of samples is quantized; And
The color of the quantification of resulting each sample is compared, so that confirm the color distortion of said a plurality of samples.
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