CN102757791A - Heavy-metal passivator for reducing exchangeable-form lead in soil as well as preparation method and application method of heavy-metal passivator - Google Patents
Heavy-metal passivator for reducing exchangeable-form lead in soil as well as preparation method and application method of heavy-metal passivator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heavy-metal passivator for reducing exchangeable-form lead in soil as well as a preparation method and an application method of the heavy-metal passivator. The repairing of heavy-metal lead of the soil is mainly carried out by a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method, which are high in cost and poor is safety. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: combusting rice husks at 600+/-10 DEG C and at a normal pressure for 10+/-1 min to prepare rice husk carbon; mixing crushed straws, sieved fly ash and the rice husk carbon, wherein the contents of the components are as follows in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of the crushed straws, 25-40 parts of the sieved fly ash and 20-50 parts of the rice husk carbon; and uniformly agitating at a room temperature to obtain the heavy-metal passivator. According to the passivator disclosed by the invention, a passivation effect on the lead in red soil is obvious and 73.25% of the exchangeable-form lead in the red soil can be passivated to the greatest extent; the preparation method has the advantages of low cost, convenience for operation, strong practical applicability, good safety and easiness for popularization; and the pH value of the red soil can be improved while the lead is passivated, the content of organic matters in the soil is increased and the physiochemical performance of the soil is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil heavy metal passivant, be specifically related to a kind of be used for reducing plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species and preparation method thereof and method of use.
Background technology
Soil is the basic substance that the mankind depend on for existence and development, is the important component part of maintaining ecosystem smooth running.Heavy metal-polluted soil lead is one type of pollutent with " three cause effect ", is mainly derived from the aspects such as unreasonable use of waste gas sedimentation, mining, sewage irrigation, agriculture chemical.The plumbous background value of China's soil is 26.0 ± 12.4 mg/kg, and the soil lead tolerance fluctuates between 2-200 mg/kg.Along with development economic and society, the soil Lead contamination is serious day by day, and its excess exists will have a strong impact on biological life quality.Can change photosynthetic electron transfer process such as lead, suppress chloroplast(id) and chlorophyllous photosynthetic activity, cause plant growth slow through the synthetic of destructive enzyme; Lead contamination can change Soil Protozoa advantage group and sociales; Plumbous can under the pulling force of respiration and transpiration, the entering done in the object, is enriched in the positions such as stem, leaf, fruit of crop, finally influences human health.
Soil is plumbous exists form to mainly contain exchangeable species, carbonate combined, Fe-Mn oxidation state, organically combine five kinds of attitude and residual forms, and what wherein crop mainly absorbed is exchangeable species.Therefore, as long as reduce soil exchangeable species lead content, promptly can reduce the absorption of crop to lead to a certain extent, this is for ensureing that the crop production quality has active effect.At present, the plumbous reparation of heavy metal-polluted soil mainly contains physics method (soil moved in to improve the original method, soil replacement method etc.), chemical method (electronic repairing method, soil drip-rinsing process etc.) and biological process (phytoremediation, mikrobe reparation etc.).Higher, the poor stability of these method costs, repairing effect can't be satisfactory.
Passivation is meant heavy metal and the passivator generation physical and chemical effect in the soil, causes heavy metal exchangeable species content to reduce, and then alleviates the process of crop to its absorption intensity.Sepiolite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, ground phosphate rock, wilkinite etc. all are effective heavy metal deactivators, but higher, the restricted application of these material costs, can the serious original physico-chemical property that changes soil after applying.There are some researches show: also the field stalk not only can return soil with nutrients such as N, P, and heavy metal pollution of soil is had passivation effect preferably.Reason is the acid that field stalk also can be regulated soil, increases soil SOM (DOM) concentration, and this will break the original geochemical balance circulation of soil system, regulates and control pollutent again in each alternate form that exists of soil.Burn the rice hull carbon that makes by rice husk similar effect is also arranged.And flyash has characteristics such as light weight, porous, adsorptivity height, contains the required various nutrient elements of plant growth, is a kind of soil improvement agent of many effects.Simultaneously, the comprehensive utilization of stalk, flyash and rice husk meets the related request of " strengthening large solid useless comprehensive utilization " in country " the 12 " planning.Can think that the crushing straw/flyash/rice hull carbon of sieving is one type of mixture system with better physico-chemical property, use it for the passivation research of red soil Lead contamination, not appear in the newspapers as yet at present.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of be used for reducing plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species and preparation method thereof and method of use, the character of when the passivation heavy metal-polluted soil is plumbous, improving the soil, and improve soil organic matter content.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is:
Be used for reducing the plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species, it is characterized in that:
The heavy metal deactivator of per 100 weight parts is made up of the component of following weight part:
Rice hull carbon 20-50 part;
Stalk 25-40 part;
Flyash 25-40 part.
The agricultural crop straw of described stalk for pulverizing.
Be used for reducing the preparation method of the plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species, it is characterized in that:
Realize by following steps:
Step 1: 600 ± 10 ℃ on rice husk warp, normal pressure burn 10 ± 1 min and make rice hull carbon;
Step 2: the rice hull carbon that the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing, sieve flyash and step 1 obtain is mixed, wherein, crushing straw 25-40 weight part; Flyash 25-40 weight part sieves; Stir under the rice hull carbon 20-50 weight part, room temperature, promptly get heavy metal deactivator.
Be used for reducing the method for use of the plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species, it is characterized in that:
Heavy metal deactivator is applied in the red soil, and the red soil water ratio is 12-24%, and the pH value of red soil is 6-9, and adding the heavy metal deactivator quality in per 1000 g red soil is 20-80g, and passivation time is 30 ~ 60 days.
The present invention has the following advantages:
Passivator involved in the present invention is remarkable to passivation effect plumbous in the red soil, and the highest exchangeable species that can passivation red soil 73.25% is plumbous; The advantage that its preparation method has is with low cost, easy and simple to handle, practical, security is good, be easy to promote can improve the red soil potential of hydrogen when passivation is plumbous, increase soil organic matter content, improves soil physico-chemical property.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is carried out detailed explanation.
The preparation of passivator involved in the present invention is based on following principle:
Lead mainly contains exchangeable species, carbonate combined, Fe-Mn oxidation state, organically combines attitude and there is form in residual attitude for five kinds in the soil, and plumbous form transformation process receives the control of environmental factorss such as soil acidity or alkalinity, redox potential, organic content.
Also field stalk and rice hull carbon can be improved the acid or alkali environment of soil; Increase soil SOM (DOM) concentration; And DOM contains a large amount of-COOH ,-OH ,-functional groups such as CO, these functional groups determined to exist between itself and the heavy metal-polluted soil lead interactional maybe.Can change the activity of soil organism composition and oxydo-reductase behind the straw-returning, the variation of soil chemistry environment will directly influence plumbous migration conversion process.The adding of flyash can change retentiveness, the colloid current potential of soil, the chemical feature of soil ulmin, with direct influence plumbous have a form.With the crushing straw/flyash/rice hull carbon of sieving is passivator, rarely reports for the passive behavior correlative study that red soil is plumbous.
Crushing straw/flyash/the rice hull carbon of sieving also field not only can be improved the soil microenvironment, meets country simultaneously to large solid useless policy guidance of utilizing.For ensureing crop production quality safety, repairing polluted soil regional environment, have important theory and realistic meaning.This research shows, through regulating parameters such as red soil water ratio, red soil pH value, passivation dosage, passivation time, the deactivation rate of red soil lead can reach 73.25%, can effectively reduce red soil exchangeable species lead content and to the direct murder by poisoning risk of crop.
The prescription that is used for reducing the plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species involved in the present invention is following:
The heavy metal deactivator of per 100 weight parts is made up of the component of following weight part:
Rice hull carbon 20-50 part;
Stalk 25-40 part;
Flyash 25-40 part.
Wherein, the agricultural crop straw of stalk for pulverizing, flyash is the flyash that sieves.
The preparation method who is used for reducing the plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species is:
Step 1: 600 ± 10 ℃ on rice husk warp, normal pressure burn 10 ± 1 min and make rice hull carbon;
Step 2: the rice hull carbon that the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing, sieve flyash and step 1 obtain is mixed, wherein, crushing straw 25-40 weight part; Flyash 25-40 weight part sieves; Stir under the rice hull carbon 20-50 weight part, room temperature, promptly get heavy metal deactivator.
The exchangeable species that passivator involved in the present invention is more suitable in red soil is plumbous, before the use, need carry out the mensuration of red soil basic physical and chemical, comprises heavy metal form and content analysis, adopts the occurrence patterns and the content of the clear and definite heavy metal lead of Tessier continuous extraction.During use, heavy metal deactivator is applied in the red soil, the red soil water ratio is 12-24%, and the pH value of red soil is 6-9, and adding the heavy metal deactivator quality in per 1000 g red soil is 20-80g, and passivation time is 30 ~ 60 days.
Embodiment one
Prepare passivator according to the following steps:
Step 1: 600 ± 10 ℃ on rice husk warp, normal pressure burn 10 ± 1 min and make rice hull carbon, and product is the solid mixture of a small amount of black rice hull ash powder and block rice hull carbon.
Step 2: crushing straw, flyash and the step 1 gained rice hull carbon of sieving are mixed, crushing straw 25 weight parts wherein, flyash 25 weight parts that sieve, rice hull carbon 50 weight parts stir under the room temperature, promptly get heavy metal deactivator.
The heavy metal deactivator that utilization makes, passivation condition are red soil water ratio 12%, red soil pH value 9, passivator and red soil mass ratio 80 g/kg, passivation time 60 d.
Analyze and find that the exchangeable species lead content reduces by 73.25% in the red soil, carbonate combined lead content reduces, and Fe-Mn oxidation state, combination attitude and residual form lead content increase to some extent, and the plumbous biological effectiveness of red soil reduces.Simultaneously, characteristic of acid red soil pH value becomes 6.22 from 5.08, and organic content is increased to 12.2657 g/kg by 8.1462 g/kg, has significantly improved the physicochemical property of red soil.
In present embodiment and following Comparative Examples or embodiment, plumbous passivation effect is with before and after the passivation reaction, and the percentage that the exchangeable species lead content descends is recently represented.
Embodiment two
A kind of method that reduces red soil heavy metal lead validity may further comprise the steps,
Step 1: 600 ± 10 ℃ on rice husk warp, normal pressure burn 10 ± 1 min and make rice hull carbon, and product is the solid mixture of a small amount of black rice hull ash powder and block rice hull carbon.
Step 2: crushing straw, flyash and the step 1 gained rice hull carbon of sieving are mixed, crushing straw 30 weight parts wherein, flyash 30 weight parts that sieve, rice hull carbon 40 weight parts stir under the room temperature, promptly get heavy metal deactivator.
The heavy metal deactivator that utilization makes, passivation condition are red soil water ratio 16%, red soil pH value 8, passivator and red soil mass ratio 60 g/kg, passivation time 60 d.
Analyze and find that the exchangeable species lead content reduces by 65.26% in the red soil, carbonate combined lead content reduces, and Fe-Mn oxidation state, combination attitude and residual form lead content increase to some extent, and the plumbous biological effectiveness of red soil reduces.Simultaneously, characteristic of acid red soil pH value becomes 6.44 from 5.08, and organic content is increased to 12.8875 g/kg by 8.1462 g/kg, has significantly improved the physicochemical property of red soil.
Embodiment three
A kind of method that reduces red soil heavy metal lead validity may further comprise the steps,
Step 1: 600 ± 10 ℃ on rice husk warp, normal pressure burn 10 ± 1 min and make rice hull carbon, and product is the solid mixture of a small amount of black rice hull ash powder and block rice hull carbon.
Step 2: crushing straw, flyash and the step 1 gained rice hull carbon of sieving are mixed, crushing straw 35 weight parts wherein, flyash 35 weight parts that sieve, rice hull carbon 30 weight parts stir under the room temperature, promptly get heavy metal deactivator.
The heavy metal deactivator that utilization makes, passivation condition are red soil water ratio 20%, red soil pH value 7, passivator and red soil mass ratio 40 g/kg, passivation time 60 d.
Analyze and find that the exchangeable species lead content reduces by 59.69% in the red soil, carbonate combined lead content reduces, and Fe-Mn oxidation state, combination attitude and residual form lead content increase to some extent, and the plumbous biological effectiveness of red soil reduces.Simultaneously, characteristic of acid red soil pH value becomes 6.67 from 5.08, and organic content is increased to 12.6554 g/kg by 8.1462 g/kg, has significantly improved the physicochemical property of red soil.
Embodiment four
A kind of method that reduces red soil heavy metal lead validity may further comprise the steps,
Step 1: 600 ± 10 ℃ on rice husk warp, normal pressure burn 10 ± 1 min and make rice hull carbon, and product is the solid mixture of a small amount of black rice hull ash powder and block rice hull carbon.
Step 2: crushing straw, flyash and the step 1 gained rice hull carbon of sieving are mixed, crushing straw 40 weight parts wherein, flyash 40 weight parts that sieve, rice hull carbon 20 weight parts stir under the room temperature, promptly get heavy metal deactivator.
The heavy metal deactivator that utilization makes, passivation condition are red soil water ratio 24%, red soil pH value 6, passivator and red soil mass ratio 20 g/kg, passivation time 60 d.
Analyze and find that the exchangeable species lead content reduces by 53.07% in the red soil, carbonate combined lead content reduces, and Fe-Mn oxidation state, combination attitude and residual form lead content increase to some extent, and biological effectiveness plumbous in the red soil reduces.Simultaneously, characteristic of acid red soil pH value becomes 7.15 from 5.08, and organic content is increased to 13.4215 g/kg by 8.1462 g/kg, has significantly improved the physicochemical property of red soil.
Embodiment five
The preparation of heavy metal deactivator is with embodiment 1,
The red soil water ratio is 16%, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 64.87%;
The red soil water ratio is 20%, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 58.54%;
The red soil water ratio is 24%, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 49.66%;
This shows that in the passivating process of lead, along with the increase of red soil water ratio, plumbous passivation effect variation can be thought to help plumbous passivation than low-water-content.
Embodiment six
The preparation of heavy metal deactivator is with embodiment 1,
Red soil pH value is 6, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 54.41%;
Red soil pH value is 7, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 67.15%;
Red soil pH value is 8, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 69.88%;
This shows that in the passivating process of lead, along with the increase of red soil pH, plumbous passivation effect is better, can think to help plumbous passivation under the weak basic condition.
Embodiment seven
The preparation of heavy metal deactivator is with embodiment 1,
The mass ratio of passivator and red soil is 20 g/kg, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 49.95%;
The mass ratio of passivator and red soil is 40 g/kg, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 58.77%;
The mass ratio of passivator and red soil is 60 g/kg, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 66.28%;
This shows that in the passivating process of lead, along with the increase of passivator and red soil mass ratio, plumbous passivation effect is better, can think that the increase of passivator helps plumbous passivation.
Embodiment eight
The preparation of heavy metal deactivator is with embodiment 1,
Passivation time is 30 d, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 28.16%;
Passivation time is 40 d, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 42.89%;
Passivation time is 50 d, and other condition is constant, and recording plumbous deactivation rate is 58.25%;
This shows that in the passivating process of lead, along with the prolongation of passivation time, plumbous passivation effect is better, can think that the prolongation of passivation time helps plumbous passivation.
It is cited that content of the present invention is not limited to embodiment, and the conversion of any equivalence that those of ordinary skills take technical scheme of the present invention through reading specification sheets of the present invention is claim of the present invention and contains.
Claims (4)
1. be used for reducing the plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species, it is characterized in that:
The heavy metal deactivator of per 100 weight parts is made up of the component of following weight part:
Rice hull carbon 20-50 part;
Stalk 25-40 part;
Flyash 25-40 part.
2. the heavy metal deactivator that is used for reducing soil exchangeable species lead according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The agricultural crop straw of described stalk for pulverizing.
3. be used for reducing the preparation method of the plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species, it is characterized in that:
Realize by following steps:
Step 1: 600 ± 10 ℃ on rice husk warp, normal pressure burn 10 ± 1 min and make rice hull carbon;
Step 2: the rice hull carbon that the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing, sieve flyash and step 1 obtain is mixed, wherein, crushing straw 25-40 weight part; Flyash 25-40 weight part sieves; Stir under the rice hull carbon 20-50 weight part, room temperature, promptly get heavy metal deactivator.
4. be used for reducing the method for use of the plumbous heavy metal deactivator of soil exchangeable species, it is characterized in that:
Heavy metal deactivator is applied in the red soil, and the red soil water ratio is 12-24%, and the pH value of red soil is 6-9, and adding the heavy metal deactivator quality in per 1000 g red soil is 20-80g, and passivation time is 30 ~ 60 days.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN103834411A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-04 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of organic/inorganic composite passivator for reducing activity of heavy metal Cd in farmland soil |
| CN103834412A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-04 | 四川大学 | Ectopic passivating technology for multiple heavy metals like cadmium, lead and chromium in soil |
| CN105969363A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-09-28 | 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Lead polluted soil immobilized medicament and preparation method thereof |
| CN106040732A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-10-26 | 江西省环境保护科学研究院 | Natural stabilizer for efficiently remedying lead-cadmium compositely-polluted red soil and obtaining method of natural stabilizer |
| CN106242647A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of composite passivant reducing content of beary metal in pig manure and application thereof |
| CN115926805A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-04-07 | 安徽拓水环境工程科技有限公司 | Soil remediation composition and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103834411A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-04 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of organic/inorganic composite passivator for reducing activity of heavy metal Cd in farmland soil |
| CN103834412A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-04 | 四川大学 | Ectopic passivating technology for multiple heavy metals like cadmium, lead and chromium in soil |
| CN106040732A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-10-26 | 江西省环境保护科学研究院 | Natural stabilizer for efficiently remedying lead-cadmium compositely-polluted red soil and obtaining method of natural stabilizer |
| CN114888067A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2022-08-12 | 江西省生态环境科学研究与规划院 | Method for efficiently repairing lead-cadmium combined polluted red soil by using natural stabilizer |
| CN105969363A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-09-28 | 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Lead polluted soil immobilized medicament and preparation method thereof |
| CN106242647A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of composite passivant reducing content of beary metal in pig manure and application thereof |
| CN115926805A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-04-07 | 安徽拓水环境工程科技有限公司 | Soil remediation composition and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20121031 |