A kind of petroleum fracturing propping agent and working method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Selid propping agent that a kind of oil, gas well fracturing are used, particularly related to a kind of high-strength low-density fracturing propping agents and working method thereof, belonged to oil recovery (gas) auxiliary agent field.
Background technology
Petroleum fracturing propping agent is a proprietary material essential in the oil-gas field fracturing operation, especially in the exploitation in low-permeability oil gas field, is bringing into play important effect.At present, the ceramsite propping agent intensity of domestic application generally lower (anti-pressure ability is generally 52MPa) is difficult to satisfy the demand of heavy duty service, and its volume density and volume density are bigger.According to discovering: the propping agent that volume density is big produces the mound shape easily in the port, crack that pressure break produces accumulation, extremely unfavorable to water conservancy diversion, and, increase the pressing crack construction difficulty to the higher requirement of fracturing liquid proposition; Volume density greatly then can increase the quality of filling the required propping agent of formation fracture, increases the cost of frac job.Therefore, research and development low-density and high-strength petroleum fracturing propping agent is of great immediate significance.
The contaminative waste residue of discharging when red mud is Aluminium industry extraction aluminum oxide, 1 ton of aluminum oxide of the every production of average, the subsidiary 1.0-2.0 ton red mud that produces.China is as the fourth-largest alumina producing in world state, and the red mud of annual discharging is up to millions of tons, and the red mud quantity that the whole world produces is surprising especially.A large amount of red muds can not fully effectively utilize, and can only be deposited on the soil, and this has not only taken a large amount of soils, also environment has been caused serious pollution.
Coal gangue is the solid waste that discharges in coal mining process and the coal washing process, be a kind of lower with a kind of carbon content of coal seam association in the coal-forming process, than the hard grey black look rock of coal.Coal gangue is thrown aside, not only takies a large amount of soils, and can influence ecological environment.Coal gangue dissolves water will pollute surrounding soil and underground water, and coal gangue contains certain combustiblematerials, and obnoxious flavour pollutant atmospheres such as spontaneous combustion meeting discharging sulfurous gas, oxynitride, oxycarbide and flue dust influence the healthy of resident.
Waste and old refractory materials is a depleted refractory materials in the industrial production; High temperature industry such as iron and steel, cement, glass and all types of industries cellar for storing things stove all will consume a large amount of refractory materialss every year, and refractory materials manufacturing enterprise also can produce a large amount of waste and old refractory wastes in process of production.These waste and old refractory materials is enormous amount not only, and extremely hard to manage, have only few part just can utilize, and the typical processing mode of most waste and old refractory materials is buried or the use of demoting exactly again.Like this, not only enterprise will spend huge fund and piles up with buying or bury waste material, has increased production cost, and these waste and old refractory materials severe contaminations environment, wasted ample resources.
The mining rejects is barren rock, chip, powder, dust and the mud etc. that produce in the mining mineral resource process, if can not waste residue effectively be utilized, will take a large amount of soils, waste resource, influence ecological environment.
Along with the fast development of industry, the quantity of red mud, coal gangue, waste and old refractory materials and these industrial wastes of mining rejects grows with each passing day, these waste disposal difficulties; The reasonable use method has not only caused taking in a large number of soil, has polluted ecotope yet; Influenced the healthy of the mankind; How to utilize these industrial wastes, turn waste into wealth, become a new problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low volume density, low volume density, high-intensity petroleum fracturing propping agent.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of working method of petroleum fracturing propping agent.
In order to realize above purpose; The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is to provide a kind of petroleum fracturing propping agent, and this petroleum fracturing propping agent is made up of following raw materials by weight percentage: aluminum ore 52-60%, mining rejects 1-10%, waste and old refractory materials 1-15%, coal gangue 17-25% and red mud 1-5%.
Simultaneously, technical program of the present invention also lies in providing a kind of working method of petroleum fracturing propping agent, may further comprise the steps: after each raw material crushing, abrasive dust, screening, be mixed with the uniform mixing fine powder in proportion and granulate, granule sieving promptly gets work in-process; With the work in-process drying and roasting, sintering 8-10h postcooling to 30 ~ 50 ℃, the screening of rolling promptly obtains this product.
Described mixing fine powders selects for use the 0.048mm sieve to select powder.
Described half-finished particle diameter is the 19-30 order.
Described finished product is selected the screening of 20-40 mesh sieve for use.
Described drying and roasting adopts rotary kiln, and temperature of kiln head is controlled at 1300-1400 ℃, and kiln end temperature is controlled at 260-330 ℃.
The invention provides several kinds of starting material:
Aluminum ore is meant what industry upward can utilize, is the general name of the ore of essential mineral composition with gipsite, boehmite or diaspore, and its staple is an aluminum oxide.Aluminum ore is widely used in industries such as aluminium metallurgy industry, refractory materials.In the explored reserves of China, a diaspore type aluminum ore accounts for more than 98% of national total reserves.The aluminum ore Al that the present invention adopts
2O
3Content 55 ~ 75%, SiO
25 ~ 20%, alumina silica ratio is 4 ~ 7, mainly utilizes the Al in the aluminum ore
2O
3, SiO
2Reaction at high temperature generates high-intensity mullite and a small amount of corundum mutually, the ultimate compression strength of raising product.
The mining rejects is barren rock, chip, powder, dust and the mud etc. that produce in the mining mineral resource process; It mainly is an argillaceous ore; Adding mining rejects is intended to utilize the viscosity of its ore; When making work in-process, improve the shaping efficiency of grain, and strengthen half-finished intensity, thereby improve the quality of product.
The contaminative waste residue of discharging when red mud is Aluminium industry extraction aluminum oxide; Show red because of being rich in red stone; In the fracturing propping agents production process, add red mud, in sintering process, red stone produces liquid phase and is wrapped in proppant surface under hot conditions; When reducing sintering temperature, can also improve proppant surface smooth finish.
Coal gangue is the solid waste that discharges in coal mining process and the coal washing process, be a kind of lower with a kind of carbon content of coal seam association in the coal-forming process, than the hard grey black look rock of coal.Its staple is C, Al
2O
3, SiO
2, the adding of coal gangue is intended to utilize Al
2O
3, SiO
2The binary crystalline phase can reduce the temperature that mullite forms, and the gas that produces at high temperature of coal gangue impels that crystal grain is inner to form closed pore, effectively reduces the volume density and the volume density of propping agent.
Aluminum oxide in the waste and old refractory materials and silicon-dioxide have been converted into stable HS crystalline phases such as mullite and corundum when it is produced, when reducing maturing temperature, can improve the ultimate compression strength of propping agent, and the acid fastness to propping agent also makes moderate progress simultaneously.
Main raw material(s) component of the present invention requires (representing % with mass percent) as shown in table 1:
The requirement of table 1 petroleum fracturing propping agent main raw material(s) component
Raw material |
Al
2O
3 |
SiO
2 |
Fe
2O
3 |
TiO
2 |
MgO |
K
2O
|
NaO |
CaO |
Loss on ignition |
Waste and old refractory materials |
40-70 |
4-30 |
<3 |
<5 |
<2 |
<1.5 |
<1 |
- |
<1 |
Coal gangue |
20-60 |
20-50 |
≤6 |
≤3 |
<2 |
- |
- |
<10 |
<10 |
Red mud |
5-20 |
3-23 |
7-20 |
<8 |
1-2 |
<1 |
2-3 |
2-49 |
<15 |
The mining rejects |
<50 |
>;20 |
>;1 |
>;5 |
<2 |
<1 |
<1 |
<11 |
<10 |
Aluminum ore |
55-75 |
5-20 |
<4 |
<4 |
<1 |
- |
- |
<1 |
<15 |
The mechanism of each starting material component effect of the present invention is aluminum ore Al when 1300-1400 ℃ of high-temperature calcination
2O
3, SiO
2React, generate α-corundum, improve the ultimate compression strength of propping agent; Waste and old refractory materials utilizes its stability and formed when high-temperature roasting corundum phase can reduce maturing temperature; The gas that utilizes coal gangue under hot conditions, to generate is at Al
2O
3Produce small pore (ventilate, the hole of holding one's breath) in the crystal, reduced the volume density of propping agent; The adding of red mud is intended to utilize its red stone that contains at high temperature to produce liquid phase, is wrapped in proppant surface, is in the crystal boundary place, Al
2O
3To overcome its resistance when crystal further increases, must surpass the spinel phase, need very macro-energy, hinder Al thus
2O
3The increase of crystal grain has improved the intensity of propping agent, but coal gangue excessive adds affiliation gas vol is increased, and makes propping agent loose, reduces its intensity on the contrary; Utilize the viscosity in mining rejects medium clay soil ore deposit, the viscosity of mixing fine powders is increased, helpful to granulating, improve efficient and half-finished degree of compactness of granulating, and then improve the quality of products.
According to the requirement of SYT5108-2006 industry standard; Product performance of the present invention are detected: the percentage of damage under 52MPa and the high locking pressure of 69MPa is respectively and is lower than 5.0% and 8.0%; Satisfy industrial use standard fully, and remarkable advantages is arranged than the anti-percentage of damage of like product; Small product size density is 1.40-1.60g/cm
3, volume density is 2.60-2.85g/cm
3, density is lower than industry standard; Surface smoothness is good, can reduce the oil fracturing cost.Product performance of the present invention are seen table 2, table 3.
Raw material drawing of the present invention is convenient; And creatively with these industrial waste comprehensive utilizations of aluminum ore, waste and old refractory materials, red mud, coal gangue and mining rejects; Turn waste into wealth; Not only developed a kind of high-strength low-density fracturing propping agents, and solved environmental problem, reduced cost.The fracturing propping agents of the present invention preparation are not merely heavy duty service and provide support, and help the of the fracturing fluid use of non-gel, are convenient in the stratum, form the support belt with certain-length and height, thereby improve the payzone flow conductivity and increase production and improve productivity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the microstructure picture of petroleum fracturing propping agent.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The petroleum fracturing propping agent of present embodiment is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: aluminum ore 60%, waste and old refractory materials 13%, coal gangue 19%, red mud 3%, mining rejects 5%.
The preparation method of petroleum fracturing propping agent is following: behind each raw material is broken through Hubei Province formula, the vertical crushing, and ball milling abrasive dust 2h, fine powder is crossed the 0.048mm sieve and is selected powder, and sieving rate is greater than 98%.Process mixing fine powders according to the mass percent microcomputer automatic blending of aluminum ore 60%, waste and old refractory materials 13%, coal gangue 19%, red mud 3%, mining rejects 5% and get into the pot granulation of granulating; In the pot of granulating, at the uniform velocity stir; Spray into simultaneously the atomizing aqueous vapor continuously; Mixing fine powders forms round shaped grain not of uniform size, crosses the screening of 19-30 mesh sieve and obtains work in-process.Work in-process are delivered to rotary kiln baking, and the control temperature of kiln head is 1300 ℃, and kiln end temperature is controlled at 260 ℃, fires 8h, is cooled to 30 ℃ through cooling kiln, and the screening of 20-40 mesh sieve promptly obtains this product.According to the SYT5108-2006 standard product performance are detected, the result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 2
The petroleum fracturing propping agent of present embodiment is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: aluminum ore 58%, waste and old refractory materials 12%, coal gangue 17%, red mud 5%, mining rejects 8%.
The preparation method of petroleum fracturing propping agent is following: behind each raw material is broken through Hubei Province formula, the vertical crushing, and ball milling abrasive dust 3h, fine powder is crossed the 0.048mm sieve and is selected powder, and sieving rate is greater than 98%.Process mixing fine powders according to mass percent aluminum ore 58%, waste and old refractory materials 12%, coal gangue 17%, red mud 5%, mining rejects 8% microcomputer automatic blending and get into the pot granulation of granulating; In the pot of granulating, at the uniform velocity stir; Spray into simultaneously the atomizing aqueous vapor continuously; Mixing fine powders forms round shaped grain not of uniform size, crosses the screening of 19-30 mesh sieve and obtains work in-process.Work in-process are delivered to rotary kiln baking, and the control temperature of kiln head is 1400 ℃, and kiln end temperature is controlled at 300 ℃, fires 10h, is cooled to 50 ℃ through cooling kiln, and the screening of 2040 mesh sieves promptly obtains this product.According to the SYT5108-2006 standard product performance are detected, the result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 3
The petroleum fracturing propping agent of present embodiment is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: aluminum ore 55%, waste and old refractory materials 13%, coal gangue 21%, red mud 1%, mining rejects 10%.
The preparation method of petroleum fracturing propping agent is following: behind each raw material is broken through Hubei Province formula, the vertical crushing, and ball milling abrasive dust 3h, fine powder is crossed the 0.048mm sieve and is selected powder, and sieving rate is greater than 98%.Process mixing fine powders according to mass percent aluminum ore 55%, waste and old refractory materials 13%, coal gangue 21%, red mud 1%, mining rejects 10% microcomputer automatic blending and get into the pot granulation of granulating; In the pot of granulating, at the uniform velocity stir; Spray into simultaneously the atomizing aqueous vapor continuously; Mixing fine powders forms round shaped grain not of uniform size, crosses the screening of 19-30 mesh sieve and obtains work in-process.Work in-process are delivered to rotary kiln baking, and the control temperature of kiln head is 1350 ℃, and kiln end temperature is controlled at 330 ℃, fires 9h, is cooled to 40 ℃ through cooling kiln, and the screening of 20-40 mesh sieve promptly obtains this product.According to the SYT5108-2006 standard product performance are detected, the result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 4
The petroleum fracturing propping agent of present embodiment is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: aluminum ore 52%, waste and old refractory materials 15%, coal gangue 25%, red mud 4%, mining rejects 4%.
The preparation method of petroleum fracturing propping agent is following: behind each raw material is broken through Hubei Province formula, the vertical crushing, and ball milling abrasive dust 4h, fine powder is crossed the 0.048mm sieve and is selected powder, and sieving rate is greater than 98%.Process mixing fine powders according to mass percent aluminum ore 52%, waste and old refractory materials 15%, coal gangue 25%, red mud 4%, mining rejects 4% microcomputer automatic blending and get into the pot granulation of granulating; In the pot of granulating, at the uniform velocity stir; Spray into simultaneously the atomizing aqueous vapor continuously; Mixing fine powders forms round shaped grain not of uniform size, crosses the screening of 19-30 mesh sieve and obtains work in-process.Work in-process are delivered to rotary kiln baking, and the control temperature of kiln head is 1330 ℃, and kiln end temperature is controlled at 280 ℃, fires 10h, is cooled to 35 ℃ through cooling kiln, and the screening of 20-40 mesh sieve promptly obtains this product.According to the SYT5108-2006 standard product performance are detected, the result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 product performance detected result
Performance |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 2 |
Embodiment 3 |
Embodiment 4 |
Volume density (g/cm
3)
|
1.48 |
1.50 |
1.52 |
1.55 |
Volume density (g/cm
3)
|
2.66 |
2.71 |
2.79 |
2.85 |
Circularity |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.85 |
Sphericity |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.85 |
0.9 |
Turbidity (FTU) |
40.2 |
38.4 |
41.3 |
37.8 |
Acid solubility (%) |
6.8 |
6.6 |
6.4 |
6.2 |
Percentage of damage/52MPa (%) |
4.8 |
4.4 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
Percentage of damage/69MPa (%) |
7.6 |
7.8 |
7.0 |
6.8 |
Table 3 product performance index of the present invention and industry standard contrast
Performance |
Product of the present invention |
Industry standard |
Volume density (g/cm
3)
|
1.40~1.60 |
≤1.65 |
Volume density (g/cm
3)
|
2.60~2.85 |
≤3.00 |
Circularity |
0.85~0.9 |
>0.8 |
Sphericity |
0.85~0.9 |
>0.8 |
Turbidity (FTU) |
37.0~42.0 |
≤100 |
Acid solubility (%) |
6.2~6.8 |
≤8 |
Percentage of damage/52MPa (%) |
3.0~5.0 |
≤9 |
Percentage of damage/69MPa (%) |
6.0~8.0 |
- |