CN102751141A - Closed-loop chopped-wave starting direct current-retained electromagnetic electrical appliance control system - Google Patents
Closed-loop chopped-wave starting direct current-retained electromagnetic electrical appliance control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a closed-loop chopped-wave starting direct current-retained electromagnetic electrical appliance control system. The system comprises a singlechip microcomputer control module, a pulse width modulation (PWM) module, a three-way current monitoring circuit and the like, duty cycle and breakover period number of PWM voltage at two ends of a coil are fast regulated directly by taking the coil current as feedback amount through closed-loop chopped-wave control, thus achieving the purpose of regulating the current of the coil, being capable of fast regulating the starting current in the starting process and achieving the purpose of reasonably matching the dynamic process. In closed stage, different direct-current-retained power supplies can be selected according to different capacities, thus realizing energy-saving silent running.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the apparatus field of intelligent control, the electromagnetic appliance control system that particularly a kind of closed loop copped wave starting direct current keeps.
Background technology
Electromagnetic appliance is widely used in control system as a kind of traditional electrical equipment, like electromagnetic treadle, electromagnetic type relay, electromagnetic release or the like.Along with improving constantly of system automation level, the performance index of electromagnetic appliance are had higher requirement.
Common electromagnetic appliance is in operation and has following characteristics:
(1) the combined floodgate phase angle influences its adhesive dynamic characteristic.To the electromagnetic mechanism of Alternating Current Power Supply and the electromagnetic mechanism of pulse DC supply; The randomness of closing phase angle has caused all change at random such as the magnetic flux, magnetic linkage in electromagnetic mechanism attracting process exciting curent, the magnetic circuit, movement velocity unshakable in one's determination; The difficult phenomenon of closing a floodgate under some phase angle, will occur, directly influence the adhesive characteristic of electromagnetic appliance.
(2) dispersiveness of operate time.The dispersed characteristics of electromagnetic mechanism operate time still all exist direct solenoid electrical equipment alternating electromagnetic electrical equipment equally, have caused the control difficulty of electromagnetic appliance, and are more obvious for the QA electromagnetic breaker influence of needs.Though the time of microprocessor control system in the microsecond level,, the dispersiveness of mechanism action time usually causes control failure.And along with the frequent operation of device for switching, the factor such as aging of the wearing and tearing of contact system, mechanism will cause change operate time.Therefore, unidirectional open loop control mode can't effectively be accomplished the Based Intelligent Control of electromagnetic appliance.
(3) operating voltage range is narrow.The operating voltage of general electromagnetic appliance is pressed national Specification at (80%～115%) Ue; When critical pick-up voltage, very easily produce lasting vibration, cause easily again during overtension that coil temperature rise rises, and causes the coil burning phenomenon; Caused the description of contactor various, the processing trouble.
(4) influence of divided magnetic ring.The alternating electromagnetic electrical equipment of single-phase control power supply can produce vibration and noise, therefore under the sticking state; Need the design and installation divided magnetic ring, divided magnetic ring often becomes the weakness of alternating electromagnetic electrical work, because the fracture of divided magnetic ring causes that the phenomenon of alternating electromagnetic electrical machinery end-of-life is comparatively general; Moreover for single phase alternating current (A.C.) electromagnetic appliances such as air conditioner refrigerating industries; The divided magnetic ring of design ideal reduces work noise, also is a design difficulty.
(5) there is magnetic hysteresis eddy current loss in the magnetic circuit.For alternating electromagnetic electrical equipment, its alternating magnetic fields has caused the iron loss phenomenon in the magnetic circuit, though adopt the core construction of silicon steel sheet, still has bigger loss, and, bring certain difficulty for product design and magnetic circuit analysis.
Can find out from last analysis; Electromagnetic appliance for traditional AC excitation; The ferromagnetic material loss is big because AC electromagnetic mechanism has, divided magnetic ring easy fracture, AC noise in service are big, starting process receives shortcomings such as the adhesive phase angle influences, and in the Based Intelligent Control pattern, usually adopts the mode of operation of DC excitation at present.Like this, can remove divided magnetic ring, do not receive closing phase angle influence, realize that energy-saving, noiseless moves.Therefore, early stage electromagnetic appliance Based Intelligent Control scheme all adopts the control principle that dc high voltage starts, DC low-voltage keeps.
In the starting process, a dc high voltage is applied on the magnet exciting coil of alternating electromagnetic electrical equipment, satisfies the requirement of electromagnetic appliance the starting magnetic potential through rectification, the filtering of control module are later.When starting process finishes, through the microprocessor control chip, cut off start loop, starting low-voltage direct current keeps the loop, realizes the energy-saving, noiseless operation.In starting process, can also moving movement velocity unshakable in one's determination be regulated in starting process segmentation control, realize " soft start " controlling schemes, significantly reduce closing course collision unshakable in one's determination, reduce contact bounce, improve the overall performance index of electromagnetic appliance.
But there is following shortcoming in it:
Variation issue operate time that at first, can't solve the electromagnetic appliance that influence the caused action dispersion problem of mechanism and cause owing to the wearing and tearing of contact system;
Secondly; In electromagnetic mechanism; What directly influence mechanism's work is the magnetic potential in the magnetic circuit, because AC electromagnetic mechanism has been fed the dc magnetizing power supply, the reactance in the magnetic reactance in its magnetic circuit (magnetic hysteresis, eddy current loss cause), the circuit has not just existed; So, the electric current in the coil will increase considerably.In control procedure, the switching tube of start loop will bear great rush of current, especially to jumbo electrical equipment, adopt the control principle control starting process of regulation voltage very difficult.
The 3rd, need to monitor the electrorheological law in the electromagnetic appliance coil in real time, just can realize the optimal control of overall process, adopt the voltage control scheme to realize difficulty.
The 4th, in the high pressure starting low pressure maintenance scheme, need two electronic power switches to carry out the conversion of high-low level, and high pressure start the increase of electronic power switch along with the electromagnetic appliance capacity, electric current and voltage stress increases sharply, and cost also increases sharply.
The 5th, most of electromagnetic appliance all belongs to the mode of operation of voltage fed.In this pattern; Because the variation of working gas gap; Make in whole motion process parameter such as AC inductance change, parameters such as the voltage in dynamic process in its system, electric current, magnetic flux, magnetic linkage, displacement, speed, suction all change in time, cause the control difficult point.The magnetic state later and open position of mechanism's closure differs greatly, and therefore, this employing changes the control model of voltage, can't control the excitatory magnetic potential in the magnetic circuit effectively, in real time.
The 6th, finish in starting process, forward maintenance to during the stage, owing to fast shut-off holding circuit, starting holding circuit, electric current and switching overvoltage will impact.Or the like.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the electromagnetic appliance control system that a kind of closed loop copped wave starting direct current keeps, is one to have that closed loop copped wave starting, closed loop direct current keep, the control system of process intelligent conversion.
The present invention adopts following scheme to realize: the electromagnetic appliance control system that a kind of closed loop copped wave starting direct current keeps; Comprise a power supply; This power supply is one to be provided with the coil power supply that low pressure keeps the loop through an electronic power switch after the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit rectification again, to constitute major loop; It is characterized in that, also comprise:
One constant voltage auto switching electric source, it keeps the loop through said low pressure is coil power supply;
One single chip control module, this single chip control module are gathered the output voltage of said current rectifying and wave filtering circuit through a voltage sampling circuit;
One pulse width modulation module; This pulse width modulation module is through the described electronic power switch work of a bootstrapping driving circuit drives; Said single chip control module is used to limit the maximum operation frequency and the maximum functional duty ratio of this pulse width modulation module for this pulse width modulation module provides a pwm signal;
One first current monitoring circuit is used for the detection of said major loop holding current;
One second current monitoring circuit, described pulse width modulation module is received in the output of this second current monitoring circuit, as the feedback input of said main circuit current;
One the 3rd current monitoring circuit, described pulse width modulation module is received in the output of the 3rd current monitoring circuit, is used to limit the maximum current of said major loop;
One switches the spot check slowdown monitoring circuit, and said this switching point testing circuit of single-chip computer control system control judges that through said first current monitoring circuit low pressure keeps the switching instant in loop; And
One two-way DA transducer; Its instruction that receives single-chip computer control system produces the two independent reference voltage through digital-to-analogue conversion; One the tunnel provides reference value for said pulse width modulation module; Be used for controlling the current value of major loop, other one the tunnel provides reference voltage for said switching point testing circuit, is used to be provided with the switching point current value.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described pulse width modulation module comprises:
One oscillator; Said pwm signal inputs to this oscillator;
One error amplifier, the reference voltage that said two-way DA transducer produces is linked into this error amplifier;
One current comparator, the output of described error amplifier is connected with the first input end of this current comparator, and the output of said the 3rd current monitoring circuit is connected with this current comparator second input; And
One RS latch, the output signal of said current comparator and oscillator gets into this RS latch, and the output of this RS latch is connected with one drive circuit through one first protective circuit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described electronic power switch is provided with one second protective circuit.
The present invention is through closed loop copped wave control; Directly with coil current as feedback quantity, the duty ratio of regulating winding two ends PWM voltage and turn-on cycle number fast reach the purpose of regulating winding electric current; Can the quick adjustment starting current in starting process, reach the purpose that dynamic process rationally cooperates.In close stage, the direct currents different according to different Capacity Selection keep power supply, realize the energy-saving, noiseless operation.It is applied in the control field of electromagnetic appliance, has characteristics such as working stability, noise is little, the scope of application is wide, control is reliable, and it is following to sum up its advantage:
1, adopted current monitor: in the starting closed-loop control; Do not adopt current transformer to come the electric current in the testing circuit; But adopt current monitor and detection resistance to come the current value in the testing circuit, have volume characteristics little, cheap, easy for installation;
2, adopted the high-speed pulsewidth modulation module: this module mainly partly is made up of clock signal input terminal mouth, error amplifier, current comparator, RS latch, excess temperature and under-voltage protecting circuit, drive circuit etc.; Can be through SCM system to its direct control; Compare with the scheme that adopts analog chip to carry out PWM control, have the advantages that volume is little, control precision is high, control is convenient, antijamming capability is strong;
3, used two-way DA transducer: this transducer produces the two independent reference voltage by Single-chip Controlling through digital-to-analogue conversion, and one the tunnel provides reference voltage for the high-speed pulsewidth modulation module, makes things convenient for pulse-width modulation, optimizes starting process; Another road provides reference voltage for the switching point testing circuit, and the conversion of starting process and attracting process rationally is set, and reduces the rush of current of transfer process.
4, used the switching point testing circuit: because the starting current of electromagnetic appliance is several times as much as the holding current value, in handoff procedure because the resistance sense characteristic of coil; Its coil current will be decayed continuously, if open the low pressure holding circuit after starting process is closed immediately, may keep the loop to extract big in short-term electric current out from low pressure; Influence the stability of a system; After adding the switching point testing circuit, can detect the current value of major loop, switch in the suitable moment; Reduce the current break of handoff procedure, enhance system stability;
5, have the constant voltage/constant current automatic switchover and keep power supply: the low tension loop power system design becomes the constant voltage/constant current automatic switchover system; Can enlarge the scope of application of control system; When the electromagnetic appliance coil resistance is big, the output constant voltage, the electromagnetic appliance coil resistance is hour; The output constant current makes the electromagnetic appliance of different coil resistances can reasonably be kept power.
6, closed loop copped wave starting, the retentive control of closed loop direct current: real-time regulated coil current in the electromagnetic appliance starting process; Accomplish the reasonable cooperation of start-up parameters; In the maintenance process, belong to the DC operation mode; Reduced switching noise and loss that the copped wave working method produces,, muting occasion stable in the needs maintenance stage have remarkable advantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic block circuit diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, P is direct current or AC power, and A is a current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and D is second protective circuit, and E is constant voltage (constant current) auto switching electric source; F is that low pressure keeps the loop, and B is a voltage sampling circuit, and H is the bootstrapping drive circuit, and G is an electronic power switch, and N is a fly-wheel diode; C is the coil of electromagnetic appliance, and R1 is for detecting resistance, and R2 is for detecting resistance, and R3 is for detecting resistance, and Q1 is a current detector; Q2 is a current detector, and Q3 is a current detector, and L is the switching point testing circuit, and J is a two-way DA transducer, and K is a single chip control module; S is an oscillator, and EA is an error amplifier, and O is a current comparator, and R is the RS latch, and V is first protective circuit; Y is for driving output circuit, and 1 is pulse width modulation module, and 2 is first current monitoring circuit, and 3 is second current monitoring circuit, and 3 is the 3rd current monitoring circuit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
As shown in Figure 1; The electromagnetic appliance control system that the present invention provides a kind of closed loop copped wave starting direct current to keep; Comprise a power supply P, this power supply can be a DC power supply, also can be AC power; This power supply P is one to be provided with the coil C power supply that low pressure keeps loop F through an electronic power switch G after current rectifying and wave filtering circuit A rectification again, to constitute major loop; It is characterized in that, also comprise: a constant voltage auto switching electric source E, it keeps the loop through said low pressure is coil power supply; One single chip control module K, this single chip control module K gather the output voltage of said current rectifying and wave filtering circuit A through a voltage sampling circuit B; One pulse width modulation module 1; This pulse width modulation module 1 drives described electronic power switch G work through a bootstrapping drive circuit H; Said single chip control module K provides a pwm signal for this pulse width modulation module 1, is used to limit the maximum operation frequency and the maximum functional duty ratio of this pulse width control module 1; One first current monitoring circuit 2 is used for the detection of said major loop holding current; One second current monitoring circuit 3, the output of this second current monitoring circuit are received described pulse width control module 1, as the feedback input of said main circuit current; Described pulse width control module 1 is received in the output of one the 3rd current monitoring circuit, 4, the three current monitoring circuits 4, is used to limit the maximum current of said major loop; One switches spot check slowdown monitoring circuit L, and said this switching point testing circuit of single-chip computer control system K control L judges that through said first current monitoring circuit 2 low pressure keeps loop F switching instant; An and two-way DA transducer J; Its instruction that receives single-chip computer control system K produces the two independent reference voltage through digital-to-analogue conversion; One the tunnel provides reference value for said pulse width modulation module 1; Be used for controlling the current value of major loop, other one the tunnel provides reference voltage for said switching point testing circuit L, is used to be provided with the switching point current value.Described pulse width modulation module comprises: an oscillator S; Said pwm signal inputs to this oscillator S; One error amplifier EA, the reference voltage that said two-way DA transducer J produces is linked into this error amplifier EA; One current comparator O, the output of described error amplifier EA is connected with the first input end of this current comparator O, and the output of said the 3rd current monitoring circuit 4 is connected with this current comparator second input; And a RS latch R, the output signal of said current comparator and oscillator gets into this RS latch R, and the output of this RS latch R is connected with one drive circuit through one first protective circuit V.
Specifically, please continue referring to Fig. 1, the B among Fig. 1 is a voltage sampling circuit, directly supply voltage is sampled, when supply voltage within the electrical work allowed band, electromagnetic appliance gets into start-up period.This sample mode has significantly reduced interference and the influence of Switching Power Supply to sampled voltage, has improved the operational reliability of system.The second protective circuit D is used to protect electronic power switch G, prevents that the parasitic parameter in the circuit from producing overvoltage and overcurrent damage electronic power switch G; Constant voltage/constant current auto switching electric source E is the switch power supply system with Voltage Feedback ring and current feedback ring, can carry out the switching between constant voltage output and the constant current output automatically according to the size of load; Detect resistance R 1, detect resistance R 2, detect resistance R 3 and seal in the major loop, cooperate current monitor Q1, current monitor Q2, current monitor Q3 that the voltage at milliohm resistance two ends is amplified the current value that is used to detect major loop respectively for milliohm level power resistor; Single-chip computer control system K is responsible for the setting of parameter and the demonstration of system running state, simultaneously, and for other peripheral circuit operate as normal provide control signal; The instruction that two-way DA transducer J accepts SCM system K produces the two independent reference voltage through digital-to-analogue conversion; One the tunnel provides reference value for the high-speed pulsewidth modulation module; Be used for controlling the current value of major loop; Other one the tunnel provides reference voltage for switching point testing circuit L, is used to be provided with the switching point current value.
The equivalence of electromagnetic appliance coil is the very big resistance sense load of inductance value, and coil seals in the buck chopper loop and both used as inductance, simultaneously again as load, and system's AC/DC universal; AC/DC power supply P becomes direct current behind current rectifying and wave filtering circuit A, through the copped wave effect of electronic power switch G, produce high frequency square wave voltage and be applied to the coil two ends, because coil inductance is very big, the electric current in the major loop is approximately direct current.The output of current monitor Q2 inserts the FB pin of error amplifier EA in the pulse width modulation module, as the feedback input of main circuit current; The output of current monitor Q3 inserts the CS pin of current comparator O in the pulse width modulation module, is used to limit the maximum current of major loop; The reference voltage VREF that two-way DA transducer J produces inserts the VREF pin of error amplifier EA in the pulse width modulation module; The OSCIN pin of single-chip computer control system K output high speed pwm signal oscillator S in the pulse width modulation module; Be used to limit the maximum operation frequency and the maximum functional duty ratio of pulse width modulation module; The output signal of current comparator O and oscillator S gets into RS latch R; The output of RS latch R is through the first protective circuit V, gets into drive circuit Y, and the first protective circuit V can realize the defencive function such as overheated, under-voltage of pulse width modulation module; Pwm signal VEXT of drive circuit Y output gives bootstrapping drive circuit H, and driving electric electronic switch G carries out high frequency chopping.Pulse width modulation module is configured to the working method of typical current type PWM chip, and its maximum operation frequency and maximum functional duty ratio are by single-chip computer control system K control, and the reference voltage of error amplifier EA is provided by two-way DA transducer J.
Electromagnetic appliance single-chip microcomputer in starting process sends different instructions to two-way DA transducer J, and the different reference VREF of generation, pulse width modulation module are according to different reference, and the control major loop produces different coil current values.Through rational setting, can optimize the starting process of electromagnetic appliance, reduce iron core bump and spring that attracting process produces, improve the overall performance index.
After starting process finishes; Single-chip computer control system K control high-speed pulsewidth modulation module makes its shutoff; Trigger switching point testing circuit L simultaneously and make its work, current monitor Q1 is used for the detection of major loop holding current, and reference voltage V2 that DA transducer J produces and the output signal of current monitor Q1 compare; When the output signal of current monitor during less than the value of reference voltage V2; The switching point testing circuit is opened low pressure and is kept the loop, and a direct current constant voltage/constant current source is added to electromagnetic appliance coil two ends, makes electrical equipment keep the sticking state.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to claim of the present invention change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the electromagnetic appliance control system that keeps of closed loop copped wave starting direct current comprises a power supply, and this power supply is one to be provided with the coil power supply that low pressure keeps the loop through an electronic power switch after the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit rectification again, to constitute major loop; It is characterized in that, also comprise:
One constant voltage auto switching electric source, it keeps the loop through said low pressure is coil power supply;
One single chip control module, this single chip control module are gathered the output voltage of said current rectifying and wave filtering circuit through a voltage sampling circuit;
One pulse width modulation module; This pulse width modulation module is through the described electronic power switch work of a bootstrapping driving circuit drives; Said single chip control module is used to limit the maximum operation frequency and the maximum functional duty ratio of this pulse width modulation module for this pulse width modulation module provides a pwm signal;
One first current monitoring circuit is used for the detection of said major loop holding current;
One second current monitoring circuit, described pulse width modulation module is received in the output of this second current monitoring circuit, as the feedback input of said main circuit current;
One the 3rd current monitoring circuit, described pulse width modulation module is received in the output of the 3rd current monitoring circuit, is used to limit the maximum current of said major loop;
One switches the spot check slowdown monitoring circuit, and said this switching point testing circuit of single-chip computer control system control judges that through said first current monitoring circuit low pressure keeps the switching instant in loop; And
One two-way DA transducer; Its instruction that receives single-chip computer control system produces the two independent reference voltage through digital-to-analogue conversion; One the tunnel provides reference value for said pulse width modulation module; Be used for controlling the current value of major loop, other one the tunnel provides reference voltage for said switching point testing circuit, is used to be provided with the switching point current value.
2. the electromagnetic appliance control system that closed loop copped wave starting direct current according to claim 1 keeps, it is characterized in that: described pulse width modulation module comprises:
One oscillator; Said pwm signal inputs to this oscillator;
One error amplifier, the reference voltage that said two-way DA transducer produces is linked into this error amplifier;
One current comparator, the output of described error amplifier is connected with the first input end of this current comparator, and the output of said the 3rd current monitoring circuit is connected with this current comparator second input; And
One RS latch, the output signal of said current comparator and oscillator gets into this RS latch, and the output of this RS latch is connected with one drive circuit through one first protective circuit.
3. the electromagnetic appliance control system that closed loop copped wave starting direct current according to claim 1 keeps, it is characterized in that: described electronic power switch is provided with one second protective circuit.
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| CN201210237197.1A CN102751141B (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2012-07-10 | Closed-loop chopped-wave starting direct current-retained electromagnetic electrical appliance control system |
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| CN201210237197.1A CN102751141B (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2012-07-10 | Closed-loop chopped-wave starting direct current-retained electromagnetic electrical appliance control system |
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| CN102751141B CN102751141B (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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| CN112509782A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-16 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Electromagnetic lock working power reduction circuit |
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| CN112509782A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-16 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Electromagnetic lock working power reduction circuit |
| CN112509782B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-07-01 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Electromagnetic lock working power reduction circuit |
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