CN102746074B - Method for sensitizing explosives - Google Patents
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- CN102746074B CN102746074B CN201210275904.6A CN201210275904A CN102746074B CN 102746074 B CN102746074 B CN 102746074B CN 201210275904 A CN201210275904 A CN 201210275904A CN 102746074 B CN102746074 B CN 102746074B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for sensitizing explosives. The method includes providing a thermal expansion microsphere which can reduce the density of an explosive; and mixing the microsphere with a dispersion carrier to form a mixture, heating the mixture to expand in a disc type steam expansion machine, and introducing the mixture into the explosive to be mixed evenly to complete sensitization to the explosive. A powder (grain) shape ammonium nitrate explosive sensitized by the method has a charging density of 0.55-1.25g/cm3, the gap distance of a Phi 32 explosive cartridge is 6-8cm, the deep hole blasting of the Phi 32 explosive cartridge leaves no foundation, production storage is stable, the production technology is simple and reliable, the production efficiency is high, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the explosive preparation field of engineering explosion, specifically a kind of method for sensitizing of Industrial Ammonium Nitrate Explosive.
Background technology
Most industry explosive is with oxidant reduction agent for the obtained non-ideal constraint of main body mixing, and in the fabrication process, need to introduce bubble or sensitizing agent thus its susceptibility be promoted to the level met required by engineering explosion, this technique is referred to as sensitization.The traditional method for sensitizing of non-ideal constraint as used tritonal one class high explosive as sensitizing agent, or is introduced bubble and is reached sensitization effect as " focus " in explosive, and these two kinds of method for sensitizing all exist shortcoming.Due to the toxic action of tritonal, China forbids continuing to use tritonal as sensitizing agent in industrial explosive.And for the explosive of bubble sensitization, easily change due to the bubble in explosive or escape, thus affecting the performance of explosive.The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method for sensitizing of industrial explosive, the explosive adopting the method to obtain eliminates the murder by poisoning defect of high explosive method for sensitizing, and eliminate the escape of bubble in the shelf lives, stable performance, the shelf lives is long.
Add in Industrial Ammonium Nitrate Explosive microspheres to explosive carry out sensitization have patent report.Microspheres directly joins in emulsion matrix to go by patent CN101823926A, the expansion to microspheres is completed by emulsion matrix own temperature, the shortcoming of this method is the degrees of expansion that accurately can not control microballoon, United States Patent (USP) 6113715 also indicates that this method has potential danger, because high-shear emulsifying technique impels sizable energy to be incorporated in emulsion, may there is danger when bearing sizable energy in the sensitive emulsion containing microspheres.
Patent CN1604885A discloses a kind of vapour stream that adopts and carries out the method for preexpanding to microspheres, and this kind of method causes moisture to enter in explosive, also exist reduce the result of use of microspheres, shortcoming that powder (grain) shape ammoniumnitrate explosives can not adopt.
At present, powder (grain) shape ammoniumnitrate explosives is based on combustible agent and oxygenant, add the materials such as wood powder as raising agent, its sensitization mainly serves as focus by the bubble of self blasting explosive granules absorption, this focus is unstable, being easily destroyed, causing explosive to compress when being subject to External Force Acting, density increases, and affects blasting effect.Microspheres is applied to powder (grain) shape ammoniumnitrate explosives and completes sensitization and be not reported.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method for sensitizing of Industrial Ammonium Nitrate Explosive, the method comprises the steps:
(1) properties-correcting agent improving explosive density, sensitizing explosive is provided.This properties-correcting agent is mixed by thermo-expandable microspheres and dispersible carrier, dispersible carrier comprises ferrosilicon powder, aluminium powder, magnesium powder, aluminum stearate, Magnesium Stearate, Zinic stearas, the metal soap of lithium stearate and so on, tetrafluoroethylene, the resin powder class of polymethylmethacrylate and so on, tynex, silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, mica, talcum powder, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, trimagnesium phosphate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, white carbon black, molybdenumdisulphide, plant gum powder, super absorbent resin cosmetics, wilkinite, diatomite, wood charcoal powder, sepiolite, kaolin, pearlstone etc.Properties-correcting agent is mixed by the part by weight of 0 ~ 30%:0 ~ 80% by thermo-expandable microspheres and dispersible carrier; Hybrid mode can use ball mill, spiral, bipyramid, helical ribbon agitator etc.The stable chemical performance of properties-correcting agent, water insoluble and common organic solvents, nontoxic, tasteless, non-volatility, non-corrosiveness, difficult combustion are not quick-fried, natural deposited dry density 0.5 ~ 0.6g/cm
3, be white or pale solid powder.
(2) two kinds of forms can be taked adding of properties-correcting agent: the first goes in the explosive properties-correcting agent mixed directly being joined non-sensitization according to mass percent (0.1 ~ 1%) with metering screw, rely on explosive own temperature to expand to properties-correcting agent, complete the sensitizing of explosive; The second is joined in the explosive of non-sensitization according to mass percent (0.1 ~ 1%) by properties-correcting agent to go after disc type vapor expansion machine preexpanding.
Properties-correcting agent preexpanding feed way adopts metering screw to combine with disc type vapor expansion machine.First properties-correcting agent joins disc type vapor expansion machine home position by metering screw according to mass percent, decompressor inside strake rotates with the speed of main shaft according to 10 ~ 30r/min, and properties-correcting agent is swept to outmost turns exit until discharge in exit by home position, enter into subsequent processing to mix with the explosive of non-sensitization, complete the sensitization of explosive.In the process, properties-correcting agent adds, expand and discharging process is carried out continuously, and properties-correcting agent is paved with whole decompressor chassis uniformly, provides heat to expand to properties-correcting agent by chassis.
During preexpanding, the rotating speed of decompressor is 10 ~ 30r/min, and vapor temperature used is 100 ~ 120 DEG C, and vapor temperature controls by temperature sensor and steam electromagnetic valve.By regulating the rotating speed of decompressor, vapor temperature and metering screw feed rate, the expansion effect of properties-correcting agent can be controlled easily.
Natural deposited dry density 0.05 ~ the 0.15g/cm of preexpanding post-modification agent
3, through scanning electron microscopic observation, microspheres grain diameter after preexpanding is 30 ~ 80 μm.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: propose and adopt microspheres and dispersible carrier to synthesize explosive sensibilization properties-correcting agent, the expansion of dry method on-line continuous is carried out to this properties-correcting agent, and the properties-correcting agent continuous print after expanding is joined in explosive and mixes with it, complete sensitization.If re-used after microspheres preexpanding, because density after expanding is little, volume is large, then there is shipping storage cost excessive, uses the problems such as dust when unpacking is large; If without preexpanding, rely on explosive own temperature to expand and reach sensitization effect, then can not grasp degrees of expansion very well, and then affect sensitization effect.The present invention had both taken into account the accessibility that transport uses, and easily control expansion effect again, can regulate the sensitization of explosive, thus accurately control explosive property, simplify apparatus and process, investment reduction, workman easily grasps.The present invention both can be used for the sensitization of commodity-type packaging explosive, was also applicable to the explosive loading truck sensitization technique of on-site mixed explosive.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below will the invention will be further described by embodiment and accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram being applicable to the instrument and supplies of explosive sensibilization method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring now to equipment shown in accompanying drawing 1, figure, be disc type vapor expansion machine.Multigraph press chassis 7 diameter 1m, adopt steam jacket 8 to heat, scraper plate 5 and scraper stent 4 are arranged on main shaft 3, drive scraper plate to rotate by main shaft.Material enters from feed opening 1, and the discharge port 9 being swept to edge, chassis 7 by scraper plate is discharged, and equipment has cover 2, cylindrical shell 6 prevents dust, and steam jacket temperature is shown by vapor sensor 10, and is controlled by steam electromagnetic valve.
Properties-correcting agent enters metering screw 12 through feed bin 11, and properties-correcting agent is joined multigraph press 13 central position according to mass percent by metering screw, after multigraph press 13 expands, enter drug delivery device 14, with non-sensitizing explosive mixing sensitization.
As follows according to the manufacturing process of claims of the present invention 12 characteristic Design:
The first pattern: wheel roller modified ammonium nitrate, adds wood powder oil phase and mixes medicine, then add microspheres and mix after wheel roller modification completes.Wheel roller technological temperature is 80 ~ 120 DEG C, and the speed of mainshaft is 15 ~ 25r/min; Muller weight is 500kg, and often grinding the process time is 20 ~ 30min.
The second pattern: microspheres and mixture of dispersing agents preexpanding in disc type vapor expansion machine.Cam machine hot-air flow or modifying machine are to ammonium nitrate continuous modification, and continuous ball mill mixes medicine, and explosive enters helix agitator or spiral mixes with the mixture expanded.Preexpanding vapor temperature is 100 ~ 120 DEG C.The thermostat temperature of hot-air flow is 80 ~ 155 DEG C; Cam rotating speed is 1500 ~ 3000r/min, and continuous mill rotating speed is 50 ~ 500r/min.The thermostat temperature of continuous ball milling machine equipment is 30 ~ 90 DEG C, and in modified ammonium nitrate machine, the residence time is 2 ~ 10min.
The third pattern: cam machine hot-air flow or modifying machine are to ammonium nitrate continuous modification, continuous ball mill mixes medicine, the continuous drug of drug spiral, microspheres and mixture of dispersing agents expand continuously in disc type vapor expansion machine, to join in proportion in drug spiral and to mix with explosive.The thermostat temperature of hot-air flow is 80 ~ 155 DEG C; Cam rotating speed is 1500 ~ 3000r/min, and continuous mill rotating speed is 50 ~ 500r/min.The thermostat temperature of continuous ball milling machine equipment is 30 ~ 90 DEG C, and in modified ammonium nitrate machine, the residence time is 2 ~ 10min.The vapor temperature of disc type vapor expansion machine is 100 ~ 120 DEG C, and rotating speed is 10 ~ 30r/min.
4th kind of pattern: microspheres and mixture of dispersing agents expand continuously in disc type vapor expansion machine, to join in proportion in emulsion matrix and to mix with emulsion matrix.
Embodiment 1
By the first pattern of the present invention.The roller weight of wheel roller is 500kg, and the speed of mainshaft is 21r/min, and chassis temperature is 110 ± 5 DEG C.Drop into coarse crushing ammonium nitrate 184kg, Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation produces WT type properties-correcting agent 0.6kg, after rolling 20min, drop into Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation and produce composite oil phase 8kg, roll 5min, drop into the properties-correcting agent 1.0kg that Changsha Yichuan equipment Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Technology Co., Ltd produces, mixing rolls drug after 5min, for sample 1, detected result is in table 1.
Embodiment 2
According to the second pattern of the present invention.By properties-correcting agent preexpanding in disc type vapor expansion machine that Changsha Yichuan equipment Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Technology Co., Ltd produces, preexpanding vapor temperature is 105 ± 5 DEG C, the rotating speed of decompressor is 15r/min, and properties-correcting agent residence time in decompressor is 1 ~ 2min, and before expanding, properties-correcting agent density is 0.5g/cm
3, preexpanding post-modification agent density is 0.12 g/cm
3.Start continuous production line of modified anfo explosive, hot blast temperature is 150 ± 5 DEG C, continuous mill rotating speed is 65r/min, WT properties-correcting agent proportionally (94.7:0.3) premix that coarse crushing ammonium nitrate and Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation are produced, then continuous mill modification is dropped into, obtained modified ammonium nitrate powder is through delivering into continuous ball mill, in ball mill, add the composite oil phase that Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation produces simultaneously, modified ammonium nitrate and composite oil phase mass ratio are 95:4, mix after the medicine of a cold nature by drug spiral drug through continuous ball mill, the properties-correcting agent (add-on is 1% of explosive charge) of preexpanding is joined in drug spiral simultaneously, and mix with explosive, for sample 2, detected result is in table 1.
Embodiment 3
According to the third pattern of the present invention.Start continuous production line of modified anfo explosive, hot blast temperature is 150 ± 5 DEG C, cam and rotating speed are 2900r/min, WT properties-correcting agent proportionally (94.7:0.3) premix that coarse crushing ammonium nitrate and Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation are produced, then pulverize through cam machine, hot-air flow drying conveying, obtained modified ammonium nitrate powder is through cyclonic separator separated and collected, the qualified modified ammonium nitrate powder collected sends into continuous ball mill through conveyor screw, in ball mill, add the composite oil phase that Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation produces simultaneously, modified ammonium nitrate and composite oil phase mass ratio are 95:4, mix after the medicine of a cold nature by drug spiral drug through continuous ball mill.Disc type vapor expansion machine is arranged on above drug spiral, and decompressor vapor temperature is 105 ± 5 DEG C, and the rotating speed of decompressor is 15r/min.Decompressor preheating 5min, when ball mill starts drug, start decompressor, decompressor charging and discharging process are carried out continuously, properties-correcting agent completes expansion in decompressor, and synchronously to enter into ball milling drug spiral add-on through decompressor be that 1% of explosive charge mixes with explosive, be sample 3, detected result is in table 1.
Embodiment 4
According to the present invention's the 4th kind of pattern.First by properties-correcting agent preexpanding.Then get the emulsion matrix 10kg that emulsion explosive production line is produced, put into the insulating container of band whipping appts, vessel insulation is 85 ± 5 DEG C, add the properties-correcting agent that 100g has expanded, start stirring rake, stirring velocity is set to 120r/min, stir 1min, be sample 4, detected result is in table 1.
Table 1
Table 1
Comparative example 1
Start continuous production line of modified anfo explosive, hot blast temperature is 150 ± 5 DEG C, cam and rotating speed are 2900r/min, WT properties-correcting agent proportionally (92:0.3) premix that coarse crushing ammonium nitrate and Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation are produced, then pulverize through cam machine, hot-air flow drying conveying, obtained modified ammonium nitrate powder is through cyclonic separator separated and collected, the qualified modified ammonium nitrate powder collected sends into continuous ball mill through conveyor screw, in ball mill, add composite oil phase and the wood powder of the production of Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation simultaneously, modified ammonium nitrate: composite oil phase: wood powder=92:4:4, mix after the medicine of a cold nature by drug spiral drug through continuous ball mill, for sample 5.Sample 3 and sample 5 are carried out Performance comparision, compared for emphatically explosive loading density, explosion velocity, gap distance, and devise steel pipe test, steel pipe test method is: be 40mm by internal diameter, wall thickness 3mm, length is steel pipe (the steel pipe specification: Hengshui Hua Qi GB/T13091-2008 1 of 5m
i) one end Plate Welding seals, and loads Explosive roll until fill (powder stick specification: Φ 32, heavy 150g from the other end, long 185mm, powder stick quantity: 28), and use rod tamping, then use No. 8 blasting cap initiations, observe steel pipe and destroy length and residual powder stick number.Detected result is in table 2.
Table 2
Comparative example 2
Getting the emulsion explosive that emulsion explosive production line is produced, is sample 6.Sample 6 and sample 4 are carried out shelf lives Performance comparision, in table 3.
Table 3
Claims (14)
1. a method for sensitizing for explosive, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) the microspheres body that can reduce explosive density during expansion is provided;
(2) microsphere and dispersible carrier are carried out being mixed to form mixture, and expanded by disc type vapor expansion machine;
(3) the cold even sensitization completing explosive that is mixed in explosive is added after directly being measured by the mixture that microspheres body and dispersible carrier are formed;
In described step (3), the mixture preexpanding feed way that microspheres body and dispersible carrier are formed adopts metering screw to combine with disc type vapor expansion machine; First properties-correcting agent proportionally joins disc type vapor expansion machine home position by metering screw, decompressor inside strake rotates with the speed of main shaft according to 10 ~ 30r/min, and properties-correcting agent is swept to outmost turns exit until discharged by scraper plate in exit by home position, enter into subsequent processing to mix with the explosive of non-sensitization, complete the sensitization of explosive; In the process, properties-correcting agent adds, expand and discharging process is carried out continuously, and properties-correcting agent is paved with whole decompressor chassis uniformly, provides heat to expand to properties-correcting agent by chassis.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the microsphere of described thermal expansion comprises the microballoon be made up of polymeric material.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), described dispersible carrier comprises tynex, silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, mica, talcum powder, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, trimagnesium phosphate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, white carbon black, molybdenumdisulphide, plant gum powder, super absorbent resin cosmetics, wilkinite, diatomite, wood charcoal powder, sepiolite, kaolin, pearlstone.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, microspheres body adopts dry method to carry out adding thermal expansion after dispersion.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier is undertaken adding thermal expansion by disc type vapor expansion machine.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described explosive comprises powder ammonium nitrate explosive, emulsion explosive, emulsion matrix and do not possess the explosive of cap-sensitivity.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier expands in disc type vapor expansion machine, enters in explosive after reaching the degrees of expansion needed for technique again.
8. method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, after the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier enters disc type decompressor, is evenly dispersed on whole chassis by scraper plate.
9. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier is heated by chassis and barrel.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the vapor temperature of disc type vapor expansion machine chassis and barrel is greater than 100 DEG C.
11. methods as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, the vapor temperature of disc type vapor expansion machine chassis and barrel is controlled by temperature sensor and steam electromagnetic valve.
12. methods as described in claim 1 ~ 11 any one claim, it is characterized in that, described sensitization comprises:
The first pattern: microspheres is mixed with dispersible carrier, mixture is joined in explosive gone according to accounting for explosive ratio 0.1 ~ 1.0%, and explosive temperature is 85 ~ 95 DEG C, mixes, microspheres relies on explosive own temperature expanded by heating in explosive, reaches sensitization effect;
The second pattern: first microspheres is mixed with dispersible carrier, then explosive conveyor screw is carried, adopt metering screw that the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier is joined disc type vapor expansion machine according to accounting for quality of explosive per-cent 0.1 ~ 1.0% simultaneously, the vapor temperature of disc type vapor expansion machine is greater than 100 DEG C, rotating speed is 10 ~ 30r/min, mixture residence time in decompressor is 0.5 ~ 5 minute, mixture enters explosive conveyor screw continuously and mixes with explosive after expanding, reach sensitization effect, decompressor adopts temperature sensor and steam electromagnetic valve to control vapor temperature, metering screw controls the feeding coal of mixture, by regulating feeding coal, vapor temperature, decompressor rotating speed controls the expansion effect of mixture.
13. methods as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, after powder ammonium nitrate explosive sensitization, density is 0.95 ~ 1.00 g/cm
3, gap distance be 6 ~ 8cm, Ф 32 powder stick wellhole blasting do not stay foundation.
14. methods as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, emulsion explosive obtained after emulsion matrix sensitization, stores 1 year performance unattenuated.
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| CN104325593B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-06-29 | 雅化集团三台化工有限公司 | A kind of devices and methods therefor preparing emulsion physical sensitization Foamex microsphere |
| CN106748589B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-07-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof |
| CN108358733B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-07-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for coating energetic additive by thermal expansion hollow microspheres |
| CN109096023B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-01-19 | 安徽理工大学 | Multi-core hollow energetic microsphere for emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1468832A (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-01-21 | 长沙矿冶研究院 | Modified powdered ammonium nitrate explosive and its preparing process |
| CN1604885A (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-04-06 | 萨所化学工业有限公司 | Method of preparing a sensitised explosive |
| CN101823926A (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-09-08 | 新时代(济南)民爆科技产业有限公司 | Preparation process of emulsion explosive |
| CN102432405A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-05-02 | 国营红林机械厂 | Low density explosive and preparation method thereof |
| CN102452863A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-05-16 | 肖代军 | Power promoter special for industrial TNT-free powder explosive and manufacturing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1604885A (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-04-06 | 萨所化学工业有限公司 | Method of preparing a sensitised explosive |
| CN1468832A (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-01-21 | 长沙矿冶研究院 | Modified powdered ammonium nitrate explosive and its preparing process |
| CN101823926A (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-09-08 | 新时代(济南)民爆科技产业有限公司 | Preparation process of emulsion explosive |
| CN102452863A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-05-16 | 肖代军 | Power promoter special for industrial TNT-free powder explosive and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102432405A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-05-02 | 国营红林机械厂 | Low density explosive and preparation method thereof |
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