CN102744077B - Preparation method of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, catalyst and device - Google Patents

Preparation method of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, catalyst and device Download PDF

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CN102744077B
CN102744077B CN201210243050.3A CN201210243050A CN102744077B CN 102744077 B CN102744077 B CN 102744077B CN 201210243050 A CN201210243050 A CN 201210243050A CN 102744077 B CN102744077 B CN 102744077B
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catalyst
fiber bundle
sintered metal
metal fiber
preparation
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CN102744077A (en
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施耀
叶志平
何奕
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, which comprises the steps of: (1) surface treatment of a sintered metal fiber bundle via anodic oxidation, preparation of a sintered metal fiber bundle with annexed pores on the surface via controlling electrolysis conditions, impregnation of the prepared sintered metal fiber bundle with the annexed pores on the surface into aqueous solution containing a metal catalyst for at least 30 minutes, and preparation of the sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst via calcination after loading. The invention also provides the catalyst prepared in the method and a device using the catalyst in plasma catalysis for exhaust gas treatment. When the sintered metal fiber bundle (SMF) catalyst is combined with a dielectric barrier discharge technology, the rate of removal of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in exhaust gas can be increased while energy consumption is reduced.

Description

A kind of preparation method, catalyst and device of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection technical field, specifically relate to a kind of preparation method, catalyst of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst and the device that uses this catalyst.
Background technology
Along with economic growth, the raising of living standards of the people, people are also more and more higher to the requirement of living environment.The toxic harmful exhaust gas of factory and interior architecture coating is discharged, and has a strong impact on resident's health, has worsened living environment.Industry and the building coating VOCs with peculiar smell have become the focus that resident complains.Domestic many provinces and cities all carry out " clean air action " for this reason, seek the clean improvement technology governance VOCs of a kind of high efficiency, low energy consumption and the discharge of stench has been very urgent.
In traditional improvement method: absorption process, absorption method, condensation method, bioanalysis and low temperature plasma method.Wherein charcoal absorption and bioanalysis are the common technologies of controlling at present industrial VOCs and stench.Bioanalysis has investment and the advantage such as operating cost is low, but floor space is large, and treatment effect is unstable, and is suitable for processing the shortcomings such as low concentration VOCs.And in active carbon adsorption, although have the effect of good deodorizing and absorption VOCs before the adsorbance that reaches capacity, its maintenance management expense is high, useless charcoal regeneration trouble.
In above-mentioned these technology, lower temperature plasma technology has caused increasing concern, there is form in the 4th kind of material that plasma is known as except solid-state, liquid state and gaseous state, the conducting fluid being formed by electronics, ion, free radical and neutral particle, the whole electroneutral that keeps.In low temperature plasma, the O, the OH isoreactivity particle that have a large amount of high energy electrons and high energy electron excitation to produce, be oxidized to harmless object or low poisonous substance by series of physical, chemical reaction by pernicious gas pollutant.Compare with foul waste gas improvement technology with other VOCs, lower temperature plasma technology has that technique is simple, handling process is short, small investment, occupation of land is little, clearance is high, operating cost low (main manifestations is the electricity charge), the feature such as applied widely.
While utilizing Low Temperature Plasma Treating VOCs and foul waste gas, yet there are some problems: 1. under compared with low discharge voltage, to some constitutionally stable VOCs removal efficiency not high (as stupid, toluene in lacquer spraying waste gas etc.); 2. region of discharge is little, and the dusty gas time of staying is short; 3. industrialization discharge power supply is had relatively high expectations, and needs stable discharging.
Deficiency for above-mentioned single plasma treatment technique, people have proposed plasma-catalytic technology, conducted extensive research with industry test in, experimental result is desirable, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned single plasma technique, it is short life material (short-lived material) that yet the high energy producing due to discharge of plasma in low temperature and active material have very major part, no matter existing plasma-catalytic combination technology is two-part or one-part form, all has the defect of the material that can not make full use of these generations.In addition, in VOCs or Deodor, the relative plasma-catalytic technology of lower temperature plasma technology also exists relative energy consumption high, under low discharge voltage, pollutants removal rate is not high, also has partial intermediate, causes secondary pollution, and in traditional plasma catalysis technique combination, the short-lived material utilization that exists discharge process to produce is not high, and this metalloid material Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst of picture metallic fiber bundle, preparation process is complicated, appendix amount is little, easily desorption.
Sintered metal fiber (SMF) is the current both at home and abroad more a kind of new material of research, and it is that to take nichrome fiber or Aludirome fiber be raw material, by cloth felt, compacting and high temperature sintering, makes.Sintered metal electrode has loose structure, different aperture layers forms bore diameter gradient, take in aperture mesoporous (2-50nm) and macropore (> 50nm) is as main, a large amount of connections or semi-connected hole are contained in inside, after certain processing, porosity reaches as high as 80-90%, and the pressure loss is little, high temperature resistant and easy processing is good catalyst carrier.(Igor?Yuranov,Albert?Renken,Zeolite/sintered?metal?fibers?composites?as?effective?structured?catalysts,Applied?Catalysis?A:General?281(2005)55-60)
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, the method is used surface treated sintered metal fiber Shu Zuowei carrier to load metal catalyst, improved the load capacity of metallic catalyst in product, and the method technique is simple, easy operating.
A preparation method for sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, comprising:
(1) by anodizing to sintered metal fiber Shu Jinhang surface treatment, detailed process is as follows:
(i), first under 0.5-0.7A current strength, oxidation processes 10-40min, forms dense oxidation film on sintered metal fiber bundle surface;
(ii) then current strength is adjusted to 0.8-1.2A, oxidation processes 10-20min, obtains surface with the sintered metal fiber bundle of appendix hole;
(2) surface step (1) being obtained is impregnated in the aqueous solution that contains metallic catalyst at least 30 minutes with the sintered metal fiber bundle of appendix hole, after load completes, through calcining, obtain sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst (calling SMF catalyst in the following text).
Anodizing is a kind of using the product of metal or alloy as anode, adopts the method for electrolysis to make its surface form the processing method of sull.The present invention is by further controlling the electrolytic condition of anodizing, control the form of sull, for example, first under small electric intensity of flow condition, make the metal oxide film of sintered metal fiber bundle surface coverage densification, then by increasing the current strength of electrolysis, make the partial oxide film on sintered metal fiber bundle surface breakdown, further increase the porosity on sull surface, be conducive to next step impregnation process, be conducive to improve the load capacity of metallic catalyst.
Described metallic catalyst can be selected from transition metal and the common noble metal with catalytic activity etc., considers catalytic effect and being easy to get property, and described metallic catalyst is one or more in positive tetravalence palladium catalyst, positive tetravalence platinum and positive titanic catalyst.Now, the corresponding aqueous solution that contains metallic catalyst comprises one or more the aqueous solution in the acid of chlorine palladium, chloroplatinic acid, titanium oxide.The acid of chlorine palladium, chloroplatinic acid, titanium oxide are directly selected commercially available prod, do not need further processing to process.
For guarantee fund's metal catalyst is carried on the sintered metal fiber bundle of described surface with appendix hole smoothly, the concentration of the hydrotropic solution of described containing metal catalyst is 0.1-0.3mol/l.The concentration of the hydrotropic solution of metallic catalyst is too low, and load time is longer, and preparation cost is higher; The excessive concentration of the aqueous solution of metallic catalyst, can cause metallic catalyst load uneven, reduces the catalytic performance of catalyst, has improved preparation cost.
Guaranteeing under the prerequisite of greater catalytic efficiency, for reducing the preparation cost of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, in step (2), the ratio of the weight of the sintered metal fiber bundle with appendix hole that the weight that described metallic catalyst adds and step (1) prepare is 1-5: 100.For further accelerating impregnating speed, the temperature of described maceration extract is preferably 60-80 degree Celsius.
Described sintered metal fiber bundle can be selected the multiple metallic fiber bundle through sintering processes or metallic alloy fiber bundle, and for improving catalytic efficiency, preferred sintered metal fiber bundle is sintrered nickel evanohm fibre bundle or cemented iron Cr-Al alloy fibre bundle; As further preferred, described sintered metal fiber bundle is that diameter is sintrered nickel evanohm fibre bundle or the cemented iron Cr-Al alloy fibre bundle of 10-30 μ m.
The present invention also provides a kind of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst being obtained by above-mentioned preparation method, and in this catalyst, the load capacity of metallic catalyst is high, difficult drop-off, and while utilizing this catalyst treatment VOCs, catalytic activity is good, and the clearance of pollutant is high.As further preferred technical scheme, in described sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, the load capacity of metallic catalyst is 1-5%.The load capacity of the metallic catalyst described in the present invention all refers to the weight portion of the metallic catalyst with catalytic activity of the intrafascicular load of sintered metal fiber with appendix hole of 100 weight portions.
It is a kind of for administering the device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas that the present invention also provides, it is catalyst that this device adopts above-mentioned sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, the power supply that specifically comprises the electric discharge of dielectric barrier discharge device and drive medium discharge-blocking device, described dielectric barrier discharge device comprises: with the cylindricality reaction vessel of air inlet and gas outlet and be located at the interior electrode in cylindricality reaction vessel; The sidewall of described cylindricality reaction vessel by insulation crust, dielectric layer and be located at insulation crust and dielectric layer between external electrode form; Described external electrode and interior electrode are communicated with the two poles of the earth of described power supply respectively, are provided with above-mentioned sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst in described cylindricality reaction vessel.
For further reducing energy consumption, in described cylindricality reaction vessel, be provided with the support column of coaxial setting; Described interior electrode and sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst are in contact with one another and are wrapped on described support column.Employing is wrapped on support column together with electrode in high pressure, make SMF catalyst in the process of catalysis, as reaction electrode, this effectively takes full advantage of various high energy, high activity short life (short-lived) material that electric discharge produces again, has improved the clearance of difficult degradation VOCs.
For preventing the corrosion of the internal electrode of waste gas or plasma and SMF catalyst, further preferred technical scheme is, described support column outside is provided with the second medium layer that surrounds described interior electrode and sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, and the top of second medium layer and bottom seal with cylindricality reaction vessel respectively.
For guaranteeing to form stable plasma in reaction vessel, as a kind of preferred technical scheme, described dispatch from foreign news agency is wire netting very.
Of the present invention for administering the device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas, the power supply using is high voltage source conventional in dielectric barrier discharge device, as further preferred, described high voltage source is nanosecond high-voltage pulse power source, and its high-voltage pulse that act as by steep-front, narrow pulsewidth (nanosecond) is plasma reactor energy supply.With this understanding, electronics is accelerated into as high energy electron, and other quality keeps static compared with large ion substantially because inertia has little time greatly to accelerate, thereby has avoided DC corona speeding-up ion and the energy loss brought.
The materials such as insulation crust described in the present invention, dielectric layer, second medium layer, support column are insulating materials, can select polymethyl methyl esters.
Adopt dielectric barrier discharge technology, can under atmospheric pressure produce the low gas ions of low temperature of large volume, high-energy-density, do not need vacuum equipment just can or approach in room temperature and under room temperature condition, obtain the needed active particle of chemical reaction.The present invention adopts sintered metal fiber bundle (SMF) catalyst to combine with dielectric barrier discharge technology, when reducing energy consumption, has improved the clearance of degraded VOCs.
Compared with prior art the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) preparation method of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst of the present invention, technique is simple, easy operating is controlled, by controlling electrolytic condition, on sintered metal fiber bundle surface, form the dense oxidation film with gap structure, greatly improved the appendix amount of metallic catalyst, and the sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst preparing have stronger corrosion resistance, long service life;
(2) of the present invention for administering the device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas, adopt and high-field electrode winding method, make SMF catalyst in the process of catalysis, again as reaction electrode, this effectively takes full advantage of various high energy, high activity short life material that electric discharge produces, also avoid electrode corrosion problem, when improving the clearance of difficult degradation VOCs, reduced energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is of the present invention for administering the structural representation of device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas.
Fig. 2 is of the present invention for administering the structural representation of the another kind of embodiment of device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas.
Fig. 3 utilizes Lee's V-Q Sa as the measuring principle figure of method meter nomogram 1 shown device discharge peak threshold voltage and energy consumption.
Fig. 4 is the XPS figure that embodiment 1 prepares sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The preparation of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst:
It by 1g diameter, is sintrered nickel evanohm fibre bundle (Xi'an Filter Metal Materials Co., Ltd. of 22 microns, length is about 47cm) access electrolytic cell anode, electrolyte is 10% dilute sulfuric acid, dc source device power supply for power acquisition, first electric current is adjusted to 0.8A, process 30 minutes; Then, electric current is adjusted to 1.0A, process 20 minutes, turn off power supply, the sintrered nickel evanohm fibre bundle of finishing dealing with is taken out, clear water cleaning fiber bundle surface, (quality is about 1g in oven dry, before and after the surface treatment of sintrered nickel evanohm fibre bundle, mass change is small), obtain the sintered metal fiber bundle with appendix hole, stand-by.
Configure as required the titanium dioxide aqueous solution of 5ml 0.1mol/l, by prepare with 60 degrees Celsius of dippings of the sintered metal fiber bundle of appendix hole 45 minutes until liquid be all adsorbed, after having adsorbed, there is the sintered metal fiber bundle of metallic catalyst to take out absorption, under 500 degrees Celsius, calcine 2 hours, obtaining load capacity is 4% sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst.
The XPS that said method prepares sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst detects spectrogram as Fig. 4, in Fig. 4 in conjunction with can: between 458.5 ± 0.02eV and 464.2 ± 0.02eV, there is titanic typical crest, illustrated that titanic has been carried on sintrered nickel evanohm fibre bundle.
In present embodiment, load capacity is the computational load amount that the amount of the titanium dioxide that adds in actual experiment process and sintered metal fiber bundle calculates.In the sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst finally obtaining, then the actual negative carrying capacity of metallic catalyst need to be detected and be back-calculated to obtain by XPS.Actual negative carrying capacity is generally less than computational load amount.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst:
Basic identical with embodiment 1 preparation method, difference is:
Sintrered nickel evanohm fibre bundle replaces with cemented iron Cr-Al alloy fibre bundle;
The titanium dioxide aqueous solution of 0.1mol/l replaces (wherein the mol ratio of palladium and platinum is 1: 1) with the chlorine palladium acid of 0.1mol/l and the aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid.Utilize the method in embodiment 1 to prepare sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 1: a kind of for administering the device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas: comprise the power supply 2 of dielectric barrier discharge device 1 and drive medium discharge-blocking device electric discharge, dielectric barrier discharge device 1 comprises: with the cylindricality reaction vessel 5 of air inlet 3 and gas outlet 4 and be located at the interior electrode 6 in cylindricality reaction vessel 5; The sidewall of cylindricality reaction vessel 5 by insulation crust 7, dielectric layer 8 and be located at insulation crust 7 and dielectric layer 8 between external electrode 9 form; External electrode 9 and interior electrode 6 are communicated with the two poles of the earth of power supply 2 respectively, and external electrode 9 is connected with ground simultaneously, is provided with the support column 10 of coaxial setting in cylindricality reaction vessel 5; Interior electrode 6 and sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst are in contact with one another and are wrapped on support column 10.
In said apparatus:
Power supply 2 is BPFN type narrow-pulse high-voltage power source, pulse width 500ns, and pulse rising front is less than 250ns, FREQUENCY CONTROL is 300pps.
Insulation crust 7 internal diameters are 90mm, and thickness is 5mm.
Between insulation crust 7 and dielectric layer 8, be provided with hollow interlayer, thickness is 3mm, and for putting external electrode 9, external electrode 9 is the wire netting circumferentially arranging.
Dielectric layer 3 thickness are 7mm.
Support column 10 adopts spiral way airtight, and discharging gap is 20mm.Insulation crust 7, support column 10 and dielectric layer 3 are all that methyl methacrylate is made.
Present embodiment for administering the actual use procedure of device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas, be: when industrial VOCs is from air inlet 3 accesss to plant, under the synergy of plasma and catalyst, target contaminant is through series reaction, be decomposed into the less material of harm, the little molecules such as picture CO2, then 4 discharges from gas outlet.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 2: another kind of for administering the device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas, this apparatus structure is substantially the same manner as Example 3, difference is: the second medium layer 11 of electrode 6 and sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst in dagger 10 outsides are provided with and surround, the thickness of second medium layer 11 is 7mm, and the top of second medium layer 11 and bottom seal with cylindricality reaction vessel 5 respectively.In use procedure, second medium layer 11 has been avoided the corrosion of plasma or the internal electrode 6 of waste gas and sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, the service life of having improved this device.
Performance Detection example 1
As shown in Figure 3: by Li Sa, as method, measure and calculate electric discharge energy consumption, detect exhaust gas component, thereby the efficiency of whole system, economy are assessed.Wherein, Li Sa is if the structure of method checkout gear is prior art, the high-tension transformer 13, oscillograph 14, electric capacity 15 and the dielectric barrier discharge device 1 that generally comprise power supply 12, power supply 12 are carried out to supercharging.
Meanwhile, be the high efficiency of check SMF catalyst electrode, repeat experiment in two months, and carry out the detection of catalyst expulsion rate.
Adopt two measure-alike, the plasma reactor of structural similarity is processed target contaminant, the device that one of them provides for embodiment 4, another one is the device that interior electrode does not have and SMF catalysis electrode mix to be wound around.With Nano-TiO 2for example, adopt the method for preparing catalyst of embodiment 1 to prepare Nano-TiO 2/ SMF catalyst, with Nano-TiO 2/ SMF is as the catalyst of this experiment.This example target contaminant used is representative difficult degradation VOCs dimethylbenzene (conventional solvent, as paint solvent).Two devices are processed tolerance and are all passed through mass flow controller, are fixed as 800ml/min.
When frequency is fixed as 300pps, when input crest voltage is 23.6kV, the dimethylbenzene degradation rate that two group reaction devices obtain is 92.7% and 64.7%.Utilize the device schematic diagram of Fig. 3, pass through Lee's V-Q Sa as method, measure and calculate after the input energy of reactor, can obtain the energy yield of two group reaction device degraded dimethylbenzene, the dimethylbenzene amount that specific energy consumption is degraded, simultaneously, adopted after catalysis electrode, detected CO in tail gas 2selective, target contaminant is finally converted into picture CO 2the less end product of harm, the results are shown in Table 1 like this.
Table 1 is administered dimethylbenzene gas experiment test data:
Figure BDA00001886087200081
As shown in Table 1, adopt the mode of interior electrode and the winding of SMF catalyst, selective, the dimethylbenzene degradation rate of its carbon dioxide increase greatly, and the energy yield of degraded is higher.In whole test experiments process, SMF catalyst experiment repetitive rate is high, and after using continuously experiment in two months, plasma-catalytic effect is still good.
Utilize same detection method, detect the SMF catalyst paraxylene degradation rate being prepared by embodiment 2, degradation rate is 85%, also higher than typical catalyst of the prior art.
Performance Detection example 2
Embodiment 1 is prepared to SMF catalyst and be divided into three parts, within 1 hour, detect the desorption rate of catalyst by ultrasonic oscillation, repeat three groups, testing result is in Table 2.
The expulsion rate of table 2SMF catalyst
Figure BDA00001886087200091
As shown in Table 2, the SMF catalyst that embodiment 1 prepares is not easy desorption, long service life.

Claims (9)

1. a preparation method for sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, comprising:
(1) by anodizing to sintered metal fiber Shu Jinhang surface treatment, detailed process is as follows:
(i) under 0.5-0.7A current strength, oxidation processes 10-40min, forms dense oxidation film on sintered metal fiber bundle surface;
(ii) current strength is adjusted to 0.8-1.2A, oxidation processes 10-20min, obtains surface with the sintered metal fiber bundle of appendix hole;
(2) surface step (1) being obtained is impregnated in the aqueous solution that contains metallic catalyst at least 30 minutes with the sintered metal fiber bundle of appendix hole, after load completes, through calcining, obtains sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst;
Described metallic catalyst is one or more in positive tetravalence palladium catalyst, positive tetravalence platinum catalyst and positive titanic catalyst.
2. the preparation method of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concentration of the hydrotropic solution of described containing metal catalyst is 0.1-0.3mol/l.
3. the preparation method of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the ratio of the weight of the sintered metal fiber bundle with appendix hole that the weight that described metallic catalyst adds and step (1) prepare is 1-5:100.
4. the preparation method of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the diameter of described sintered metal fiber bundle is 10-30 μ m.
5. the preparation method of sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described sintered metal fiber bundle is sintrered nickel evanohm fibre bundle or cemented iron Cr-Al alloy fibre bundle.
6. a sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, is characterized in that, by the preparation method of the sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-5, is prepared.
7. sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst, the load capacity of metallic catalyst is 1-5%.
8. one kind for administering the device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas, the power supply that comprises the electric discharge of dielectric barrier discharge device and drive medium discharge-blocking device, described dielectric barrier discharge device comprises: with the cylindricality reaction vessel of air inlet and gas outlet and be located at the interior electrode in cylindricality reaction vessel; The sidewall of described cylindricality reaction vessel by insulation crust, dielectric layer and be located at insulation crust and dielectric layer between external electrode form; Described external electrode and interior electrode are communicated with the two poles of the earth of described power supply respectively, it is characterized in that, are provided with sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst claimed in claim 7 in described cylindricality reaction vessel.
9. according to claim 8ly for administering the device of the plasma-catalytic of waste gas, it is characterized in that, in described cylindricality reaction vessel, be provided with the support column of coaxial setting; Described interior electrode and sintered metal fiber bundle catalyst are in contact with one another and are wrapped on described support column.
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CN105664679A (en) * 2016-01-13 2016-06-15 长沙上意电子科技有限公司 DBD plasma exhaust-gas treatment equipment
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CN110585864B (en) * 2019-08-15 2021-07-27 杭州电子科技大学 Reaction process suitable for low-temperature plasma concerted catalytic degradation of VOCs and membrane catalyst preparation process
TW202135868A (en) * 2020-03-05 2021-10-01 香港商史偉莎優質空氣有限公司 Plasma driven catalyst reactors and method of preparation thereof
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