CN102741349A - 用于制备包被的粘合剂单元的方法和其中使用的系统 - Google Patents

用于制备包被的粘合剂单元的方法和其中使用的系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102741349A
CN102741349A CN201080062666XA CN201080062666A CN102741349A CN 102741349 A CN102741349 A CN 102741349A CN 201080062666X A CN201080062666X A CN 201080062666XA CN 201080062666 A CN201080062666 A CN 201080062666A CN 102741349 A CN102741349 A CN 102741349A
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China
Prior art keywords
tackiness agent
mould
encapsulates
coated material
loop
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CN102741349B (zh
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J·M·德阿莫里姆诺韦斯达科斯塔诺布勒加
E·F·迪亚斯佩索
J·A·C·戈梅斯科瓦斯
S·尼根-查德龙
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/025—General arrangement or layout of plant
    • B29C48/0255—General arrangement or layout of plant for extruding parallel streams of material, e.g. several separate parallel streams of extruded material forming separate articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83531—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on chains
    • B29C66/83533—Cooperating jaws mounted on cooperating chains and moving in a closed path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B29C66/8432—Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B29C66/93451—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed by controlling or regulating the rotational speed, i.e. the speed of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
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    • E01C7/30—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and other binders, e.g. synthetic material, i.e. resin
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    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于制备多个包被的粘合剂单元的方法，其中各个包被的粘合剂单元包含以涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心，其中该方法包括以下步骤：(a)提供包被的粘合剂，其包含以涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心；以及(b)通过包括第一和第二环路的系统将包被的粘合剂分成该多个包被的粘合剂单元，该第一和第二环路在其部分长度上啮合并沿相反的方向旋转，第一环路包含互连的模具的第一重复序列和第二环路包含互连的模具的第二重复序列，从而通过在第一个和第二环路啮合的区域中粘结涂层的边缘和将挤出物切割成小块而形成包被的粘合剂单元。本发明还涉及所述的系统。

Description

用于制备包被的粘合剂单元的方法和其中使用的系统
发明领域
本发明涉及用于制备包被的粘合剂单元的方法，以及在所述方法中使用的系统。
发明背景
沥青是一种主要由烃类及其衍生物组成的粘性的液体或固体。它可溶于三氯乙烯中并在加热时逐渐变软。沥青在多种应用中被用作粘合剂。沥青可以与骨料结合以提供可用于铺路的沥青混合料(asphalt)。或者，沥青可用于如铺盖屋顶、铺地面或封口处理的工业应用中。
近年来也使用合成的粘合剂。合成的粘合剂，如壳牌公司的Mexphalte C与通常用于道路应用的沥青粘合剂具有类似的流变学和力学性质。合成的粘合剂通常是透明的，所以他们很容易上色并被用于获取彩色的沥青混合料。在本说明书中，术语“粘合剂”涵盖了沥青材料和具有类似的流变学和力学性质的合成材料。在本说明书中术语“沥青混合料”是用来描述粘合剂和骨料的混合物。
沥青粘合剂和合成粘合剂通常在加热状态下运输以确保他们具有用于应用的足够的流动性。然而，这从能源使用方面来说是昂贵的，并需要严格的安全程序。此外，如果粘合剂在升高的温度下存放较长时间，这可导致粘合剂性能的变化，因此通常限制储存时间以避免粘合剂性能的退化。
理想的是在环境温度下运输和储存粘合剂，优选地以具有容易操作的大小和形状的单元的形式。在本说明书中使用的术语“单元”涵盖了各种各样的离散的固体实体，如丸粒、棒、片等。但粘合剂往往是非常粘稠的，以至于单元蠕变和结块，尤其是当长时间在环境温度下储存时。已进行了生产不发生结块的粘合剂单元的尝试。
US 3,026,568描述了其中通过向携带粉末状物料如粉末状石灰石的空气流中喷入熔融沥青而制备包被的沥青丸粒的方法。涂层的目的是为了防止丸粒彼此粘附。已经证明难以在工业规模上实施这种方法。
US 5,254,385描述了包封的柏油(沥青)物料，其中沥青包含在聚合物覆盖层中。聚合材料经加热密封以形成三面的容器或袋，将熔融的沥青注入袋中，并通过热封封闭容器的剩余开口。包封防止了独立的沥青元件结块、粘附或凝聚形成较大的沥青块。该包封过程很可能是缓慢的，并且对于大规模应用可能是过于昂贵的。
EP 1 361 256描述了一种用于制备粒料的方法，其中将油与聚乙烯混合，加入沥青材料，并将产生的混合物进行混合挤出。所产生的粒料可以被描述为聚乙烯相和沥青相的混合物，其中该聚乙烯相是半连续相和沥青相是不连续相。粒料中需要高比例的聚合物以防止颗粒变形，这可能会不利地改变沥青的性质和/或可能增加粒料的成本以至于他们可能不够经济。
US 2008/0015288描述了用于制备包含沥青和聚合物的母料颗粒的挤出方法。为了防止颗粒粘连，可以在颗粒中包含防粘剂，例如通过直接向挤出机加入防粘剂，或者在挤出物离开挤出机冷却时向挤出物表面上应用防粘剂。另外，粒料中需要高比例的聚合物以防止颗粒变形，而这可能会不利地改变沥青的性质和/或可能增加粒料的成本以至于他们可能不够经济。
本发明寻求提供制备可在环境温度下运输和不发生蠕变和结块的粘合剂单元的替代方法。
发明概述
因此，本发明提供了用于制备多个包被的粘合剂单元的方法，其中各个包被的粘合剂单元包含用涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心，该方法包括以下步骤：
(a)提供包被的粘合剂，其包含用涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心；以及
(b)通过包括第一和第二环路的系统将包被的粘合剂分成多个包被的粘合剂单元，其中该第一和第二环路在部分长度上啮合且沿相反的方向旋转，第一环路包含互连的模具的第一重复序列和第二环路包含互连的模具的第二重复序列，从而通过在第一和第二环路啮合的区域中粘结涂层的边缘和将挤出物切割成小块而形成包被的粘合剂单元。
发明者已经开发出一种可用于制备不发生结块且可以在环境温度下运输和长时间储存的包被的粘合剂单元的方法。
附图简述
图1显示了构成可用于本发明的方法中的用于将包被的粘合剂分成多个包被的粘合剂单元的系统的部件的四个模具。
图2显示了一个可用于本发明的方法中的用于将包被的粘合剂分成多个包被的粘合剂单元的系统。
图3显示了接受数个包被的粘合剂给料的可用于本发明的方法中的用于将包被的粘合剂分成多个包被的粘合剂单元的系统。
图4显示了与生产包被的粘合剂材料的共挤出模连接的可用于本发明的方法中的用于将包被的粘合剂分成多个包被的粘合剂单元的系统。
发明详述
根据本发明所使用的包被的粘合剂可以适当地为任何类型的包含用涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心的包被的粘合剂。合适地，该包被的粘合剂是通过共挤出粘合剂和涂层材料而获得的挤出物。在另一个适当的实施方式中，该粘合剂材料已被加入到预成形的涂层材料层中。
包被的粘合剂单元包含用涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心。根据本发明所获得的包被的粘合剂单元可以具有任何所需的形状。该包被的粘合剂单元的形状取决于被应用的模具的形状。在本发明的一个实施方式中，该单元是具有粘合剂的中心核和涂层材料外层的丸粒。在第二个实施方式中，该单元是具有在其部分或全部长度上的粘合剂中心核及涂层材料外层的棒。
在本发明的第三个实施方式中，该单元是其中粘合剂中心层位于涂层材料的外层之间的板块。包被的粘合剂单元的确切形状可以不同，但理想的是包被的粘合剂单元具有使得他们便于操作和运输的形状和大小。丸粒通常具有与颗粒状材料的存储、流动和处理相关的优势。
优选的粘合剂是沥青粘合剂或与沥青粘合剂具有类似的流变和力学性质的合成粘合剂。粘合剂在25℃的针入度(根据EN 1426测量的)优选地是介于0和350dmm之间，更优选地10和250dmm之间。粘合剂的软化点(根据EN 1427测量的)优选地介于30和140℃之间，更优选地35和95℃之间。
更优选地，该粘合剂是沥青粘合剂。合适的沥青粘合剂包括来自原油蒸馏的残渣、裂化渣油、天然存在的沥青或各种类型沥青的共混物。可以在本发明中方便地使用的沥青粘合剂的实例包括蒸馏或“直馏”沥青、沉淀沥青如丙烷沥青、氧化或吹制沥青、环烷基沥青或其混合物。可以通过将沥青与稀释油如芳香族的、环烷烃的或石蜡族的稀释油或者植物油混合来制备沥青粘合剂。
在替代的实施方式中，沥青粘合剂还可以包含聚合物，以使得该粘合剂是聚合物改性的沥青。合适的聚合物包括热塑性弹性体和塑性体，如苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和/或烯烃共聚物如乙烯醋酸乙烯酯。聚合物可以来自石油或可再生来源，或者从例如再利用轮胎回收的橡胶。粘合剂优选地含有基于粘合剂重量最多40wt％的改性剂如聚合物，更优选地最多15％的改性剂。
在替代的实施方式中，粘合剂是合成粘合剂。合成粘合剂包含树脂、油和任选的聚合物。树脂可以是植物来源的树脂，如松香酯。或者，树脂可以是石油树脂或香豆酮-茚树脂。树脂可以已被改性而使它包含羧酸、羧酸酐或羟基基团，如EP 179510中所述。油可以是植物油或矿物润滑油提取物，例如，光亮油提取物(Bright-Stock extract)。
粘合剂可以包含填充材料。填充材料可以是其中颗粒大小小于75μm的任何矿物材料。粘合剂可以包含基于粘合剂重量最多20％的填料。
粘合剂可以包含硫，其量基于粘合剂的重量是从0.01至80wt％，更优选地从0.01至50wt％。
涂层材料是在包被的粘合剂单元储存在环境条件下时抑制包被的粘合剂单元结块的材料。涂层材料可以改善包被的粘合剂单元的美学方面(例如可以是彩色的)，可以提供信息(如可以用文本或图像印刷)和/或可以改善粘合剂的粘合功能。
涂层材料优选的是聚合物，在25℃下具有小于5dmm针入度的沥青、硫、这些材料与填充材料的共混物、这些材料与纤维材料的共混物以及这些材料的两种或更多种的共混物。更优选地，涂层材料是聚合物或含有至少50wt％的聚合物的共混物。聚合物可以是可再生来源的和/或可以是生物可降解的和/或是回收材料。在一个实施方式中，涂层材料是聚烯烃，如聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯，或者是含有至少50wt％聚烯烃的共混物。优选地，涂层材料是聚乙烯或含有至少50wt％聚乙烯的共混物。在另一个实施方式中，涂层材料是热塑性弹性体或塑性体，或含有至少50wt％的热塑性弹性体或塑性体的共混物。在此实施方式中，该聚合物同时用作涂层材料(以抑制单元的结块)和用作粘合剂配方的成分，从而改善将由该粘合剂制造的产品的性质。该热塑性弹性体或塑性体可以是苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、烯烃共聚物如乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯或聚醚-聚酯共聚物。
涂层材料可以含有增强由包被的粘合剂单元产生的沥青混合料性能的添加剂。
该包被的粘合剂单元可以进一步包含添加剂，例如，软化剂如蜡，或针入度指数增强剂如蜡、多聚磷酸和乙烯聚合物。然而，在优选的实施方式中，包被的粘合剂单元大体上由粘合剂和涂层材料组成。
涂层材料的熔点优选地低于200℃以防止粘合剂散发(emission)，更优选地低于180℃，最优选地低于160℃以提供方便的后续熔融。
本发明的包被的粘合剂单元中的涂层材料层优选地是基本上连续的，以使得粘合剂核心的至少90％的表面积被涂层材料包被，更优选地至少95％，最优选地至少99％。
粘合剂与涂层材料的重量比优选地是至少5∶1，更优选地至少10∶1，最优选地至少30∶1。如果涂层材料是比粘合剂材料更昂贵的成分，则理想的是尽量减少涂层材料的量。如果涂层材料是聚合物，则可以选择该聚合物以使它对所得的粘合剂产品有积极的影响并且涂层材料的量可以在改善的性能和成本之间达到平衡。在涂层材料是热塑性弹性体和塑性体的情况中，粘合剂与涂层材料的合适的重量比是在约99∶1至9∶1之间。
涂层材料层的平均厚度优选地是至少10μm。该层需要足够厚以避免粘合剂泄漏。涂层材料层的平均厚度可以合适地在从0.01至5mm的范围内，优选地在从0.05至0.5mm的范围内。优选地，该层的厚度小于3mm，更优选地小于1mm和最优选地小于0.4mm。如果需要尽量减少涂层材料的量，那么厚度超过3mm的层不是优选的。
适当地，粘合剂核心的直径在从5至100mm的范围内，优选地在从10至50mm的范围内。
涂层材料的横截面可以是各种形状的，如圆形、椭圆形、多边形、scarre等。涂层材料的平均水力直径优选地小于200mm，更优选地小于80mm，再更优选地小于50mm。
合适地，该方法包括将粘合剂和涂层材料共挤出的步骤，从而产生包被有涂层材料层的粘合剂挤出物。挤出是其中将材料推送和/或拉过具有所需形状的模具的过程。在共挤出中，同时挤出两种或更多种材料。
合适地，包被的材料是通过填充预成形的涂层材料(圆形、长方形或复杂形状的管)而制备的。
包被的材料将通过分割步骤而被转化成不同的单元。在其中所述单元是丸粒的实施方式中，丸粒的大小优选地使得丸粒的平均最大尺寸优选地小于200mm，更优选地小于80mm，再更优选地小于50mm。
丸粒优选地大体上是柱形或扁平长方形形状，因为他们的运输相对方便(这些形状有良好的堆积密度)。然而，丸粒也可以是球形、椭球体，或可以具有不规则的形状。
根据本发明的分割步骤(b)是具高度吸引力的，因为涂层材料的熔化层局部地使得边缘密封。优选地，小块的所有边缘被密封且获得其中粘合剂核心完全由涂层材料层覆盖的包被的粘合剂单元。以这种方式，可以制备不发生结块和可在环境温度下长时间运输和储存的具高度吸引力的包被的粘合剂单元。
通过两个步骤来实现丸粒的粘结或密封：(1)当形成一个丸粒的两个模具相互接近时，粘合剂被迫朝向丸粒的中心流动从而产生在基本上由涂层材料组成的挤出物的边缘附近的节段；(2)通过使涂层的熔融边缘互相挤压而实现粘结。
以一定的角度(从垂直于挤出物的方向)切割是甚至更优选的，因为在切割运动中产生的剪切将拉伸外层并有助于密封。
为了提高分割步骤的效率，本发明建议通过包含在其部分长度上啮合的且沿相反的方向旋转的第一和第二环路的系统将包被的粘合剂机械分割成多个包被的粘合剂单元，其中该第一环路包含互连的模具的第一重复序列和第二环路包含互连的模具的第二重复序列，从而通过在第一和第二环路啮合的区域中将包被的材料切割成小块和粘结小块的边缘而形成包被的粘合剂单元。
第一环路的各相应的模具只与第二环路的单一的相应模具啮合。
优选地，各对模具有均一的配置，以使包被的粘合剂单元能够形成镜像对称的形状。
模具通常有相同的形状或配置，以使所有的包被的粘合剂单元具有相同的形状。然而，在替代的实施方式中，该模具可以有不同的形状，只要第一和第二模具有均一的配置，以使包被的粘合剂单元形成镜像对称的形状。在另一个替代的实施方式中，模具的作用区域可以被缩减至仅粘结区域，从而使得粘结点之间的粘合剂单元的形状可以自由地形成。以这样的方式，包被的粘合剂单元可以被制成具有不同的形状。
合适地，模具被设计成同时形成两个或更多的包被的粘合剂单元。
优选地，在该区域中第一模具的各相应的一个模具与第二模具的仅单一的第二个模具啮合2至100秒的时间。
优选地，环路的旋转速度在从0.1至100米/分钟的范围内，更优选地在从1至60米/分钟的范围内。
合适地，模具包含液体清洗系统，以使本发明的方法在长时间内运行而不需要频繁的维护操作。
合适地，在粘结后使小块的温度降低。
为此，模具合适地为热控制的以确保涂层材料层在小块边缘的粘结。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，模具被安装在波纹板轧机上。
根据本发明的方法生产的包被的粘合剂单元适当的与骨料结合以提供沥青混合料。该沥青混合料可以用于在传统的路面铺设过程中形成沥青路面，或者可选择地可以用于接合过程，如在铺路石或鹅卵石之间的缝隙之间形成接合。
本发明还涉及到用于将含有包被有涂层材料层的粘合剂核心的包被的粘合剂分成多个各包含包被有涂层材料层的粘合剂核心的包被的粘合剂单元的系统，该系统包含在其部分长度上啮合和沿相反的方向旋转的第一和第二环路，第一环路包含互连的模具的第一重复序列和第二环路包含互连的模具的第二重复序列。
优选地，在该区域中第一环路的第一模具的各相应的一个模具与第二环路的第二模具的仅单一的相应一个模具共同运作。
优选地，该第一和第二模具有均一的配置。
优选地，在本系统中该模具是热控制的。
图1示意性地显示了形成可以在本发明方法的分割步骤(b)中使用的系统部件的两对互连的模具。模具(1)和(2)是互连的并形成了包括模具的第一重复序列(其中其他模具没有显示)的第一环路的部分。模具(3)和(4)是互连的，形式的第二环路，并形成了包括模具的第二重复序列(其中其他模具没有显示)的第二环路的部分。该两对模具啮合以使挤出物(5)形式的包被的粘合剂在位置(7)处切割成小块(6)，随后在位置(8)小块的边缘被粘结以确保涂层材料层完全覆盖粘合剂核心。
图2示意性地显示了用于将包被的粘合剂分成多个包被的粘合剂单元的系统。该系统包含第一环路(9)和第二环路(11)，其中第一环路(9)包含模具的第一重复序列(10)和第二环路(11)包含模具的第二重复序列(12)。该两个环路(9)和(11)沿相反的方向旋转并在其部分长度上啮合。将从共挤出设备(14)获得的挤出物(13)形式的包被的粘合剂在两环路之间沿其旋转方向通过，其中该挤出物包含聚合物包被的沥青棒。模具(10)和(12)将挤出物切割成小块，且在模具内部发生粘结以确保小块边缘密封。模具(10)和(12)具有均一的配置，以使包被的粘合剂单元(15)形成镜像对称的形状。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于制备多个包被的粘合剂单元的方法，其中各个包被的粘合剂单元包含用涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心，该方法包括以下步骤：
(a)提供包含用涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心的包被的粘合剂；以及
(b)通过包括第一和第二环路的系统将包被的粘合剂分成多个包被的粘合剂单元，该第一和第二环路在其部分长度上啮合并沿相反的方向旋转，第一环路包含互连的模具的第一重复序列和第二环路包含互连的模具的第二重复序列，从而通过在第一和第二环路啮合的区域中粘结涂层的边缘和将挤出物切割成小块而形成包被的粘合剂单元。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中该模具是热控制的以确保涂层材料层在小块的边缘粘结。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中在所述区域中第一环路的第一模具上各相应的一个模具仅与第二环路的第二模具中单一的相应一个模具啮合。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其中所述第一和第二模具有均一的配置，从而使包被的粘合剂单元被成形为镜像对称的形状。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的方法，其中所述模具被设计为同时形成两个或更多个包被的粘合剂单元。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的方法，其中在所述区域中，第一模具中各相应的一个模具仅与第二模具中单一的第二模具在2至100秒的时间段内啮合。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的方法，其中所述环路的旋转速度是在从0.1至100米/分钟的范围内。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其中环路的旋转速度是在从1至60米/分钟的范围内。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法，其中在粘结后使得小块的温度降低。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的方法，其中所述粘合剂是沥青粘合剂或合成的粘合剂，其包含树脂、油和任选的聚合物。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法，其中所述包被的粘合剂是通过共挤出所述粘合剂和所述涂层材料而获得的挤出物。
12.根据上述权利要求中任一项的方法，其中所述模具配备了液体清洗系统。
13.根据上述权利要求中任一项的方法，其中所述涂层材料选自于聚合物、在25℃具有小于5dmm的针入度的沥青、硫、这些材料与填充材料的共混物、这些材料与纤维材料的共混物以及这些材料中的两种或更多种的共混物。
14.根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述涂层材料是聚合物或含有至少50wt％的聚合物的共混物。
15.根据上述权利要求中任一项的方法，其中所述单元是丸粒，和该丸粒的平均最大尺寸小于100mm。
16.根据权利要求1-14中任一项的方法，其中所述单元是棒，该棒的平均最大尺寸大于50mm且该棒的平均直径小于100mm。
17.根据权利要求16的方法，其中所述粘合剂核心的直径在从10至100mm的范围内和所述涂层材料层的厚度在从0.05至5mm的范围内。
18.根据权利要求17的方法，其中所述涂层材料层的厚度在从0.01至0.5mm的范围内。
19.一种用于将含有用涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心的包被粘合剂分成多个包被的粘合剂单元的系统，其中各个包被的粘合剂单元包含用涂层材料层包被的粘合剂核心，该系统包含在部分长度上啮合和沿相反的方向旋转的第一和第二环路，第一环路包含互连的模具的第一重复序列和第二环路包含互连的模具的第二重复序列。
20.根据权利要求19的系统，其中在所述区域中的第一环路的第一模具中各相应的一个模具仅与第二环路的第二模具中单一的相应的一个模具共同运作。
21.根据权利要求20的系统，其中所述第一和第二模具有均一的配置。
22.根据权利要求20的系统，其中所述第一和第二模具的作用部件被缩减至粘结区域。
23.根据权利要求20-22中任一项的系统，其中所述模具是热控制的。
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