CN102735446B - Stepping enhancement test method for tapered roller bearings - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stepping enhancement test method for tapered roller bearings. The method comprises the following steps of: sample preparation, test installation, test loading parameter setting, first unit test, subsequent unit test, retest of non-failure samples, last non-failure bearing test, calculation of equivalent test passing time, test judgment and the like. By the test method provided by the invention, a quick comparison method for the fatigue life of the tapered roller bearings of the same model produced by different manufacturers (two or more) in different batches is specified; and enhancement fatigue life test data is provided for a user to serve as the basis of quality comparative assessment and high-quality bearing supplier selection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to taper roll bearing production field, especially a kind of taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method.
Background technology
At present, along with the lifting of domestic taper roll bearing total quality, automobile, wind-powered electricity generation, mine etc. be industry particularly car load factory both at home and abroad, seek Chinese bearing and become trend with imported bearings such as alternative TIMKEN, SKF, FAG, NSK, KOYO, NTN, but before handover, domestic and international vehicle main frame unit contrasts durability test report in the urgent need to providing domestic in the short time with famous foreign bearing.If conveniently test, its test period is long, and the test sampling observation examination amount 8 that general rower specifies overlaps (rising) bearing needs more than 5 ~ 6 months, thus affects whole supporting process, makes the supporting exploitation of main frame by temporal restriction.If tested with multiple stage testing machine simultaneously, can address this problem, but be unfavorable for actual tests arrangement, and experimentation cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, this problem is efficiently solved with " progressively increasing progressively strenuous test ", namely 8 cluster examinations of rower regulation only need can be completed at 1 month, and record formation tests examination data accordingly, to calculate final test examination conclusion, " testing out the life-span gap that alternative bearing and primitive axis hold with the shortest time " requirement meeting that client proposes, a kind of taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method providing process of the test short.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical matters adopts: this taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method, comprises following steps:
1) preparation of samples: each 10 covers of the bearing of Liang Jia producer, represent with W, X code name, wherein each 8 covers of test specimen, each 2 covers of ready sample, ready sample, for replacing invalid test specimen or for accompanying examination, not to judge examination with the sample of being invited to be present at a banquet given in honour of a distinguished guest examination;
2) test is installed: often organize Comparability test and divide 8 unit, each unit Comparability test carries out on same testing machine, and it is as shown in table 1 that station installed by sample, if invalid test appears in certain or multiple unit, then test unit is postponed;
3) test procedure:
A) loading parameters setting is tested: the definition base of first module loading parameters as postorder seven single test loading parameters often organizing Comparability test;
B) first module test: W01 and X01 sample is loaded testing machine starting shooting by GB/T 24607-2009 standard-required by table 1, and test is to bearing failure, coefficient of intensification Ki when obtaining stopping test;
C) postorder single test: with first module loading parameters for foundation is tested seven unit samples of postorder;
D) not lose efficacy the testing again of sample: after normally completing eight single tests, to the bearing do not lost efficacy luggage machine test again;
E) test of last a set of non-failing bearings: finally a set of non-failing bearings and the same single test of W replacement bearing;
F) equivalent test is by the calculating of time: by the test period Ti of each experimental stage different coefficient of intensification Ki lower bearing by the time, convert and become when the test under equivalent dynamic loading is by time Tmi, then equivalent test by time Tm is:
In formula, Cr: Bearing dynamic rated load (unit: kN),
N: bearing test rotating speed (unit: r/min),
P
i: the i-th experimental stage equivalent radial load (unit: kN),
P
m: equivalent equivalent radial load (unit: kN),
T
i: the i-th experimental stage is by time (unit: h);
Test judges: equivalent test passes through the longer bearing fatigue life of time Tm higher than another producer's bearing.
As preferably, by testing machine control system, bearing outer ring temperature, vibration values are monitored in real time in step 3).
As preferably, described process of the test b) is: first in 3 hours, being loaded into coefficient of intensification gradually by GB/T 24607-2009 standard-required is 0.3, then in 9 hours, be loaded into coefficient of intensification be 0.4, after break-in in 12 hours, if test is but lower exception, as alarm free is shut down, temperature rise aggravates, vibrating noise is abnormal, then get K1=0.40+0.04i(i=1) continue test, if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading, then get K1=0.40+0.02i(i=1), test period is 12 hours, if still without exception, then get K2=0.40+0.04i(i=2) or 0.40+0.02i(i=2) continuation test, test period is 12 hours, by that analogy, till until coefficient of intensification being the limit load of bearing element surface generation elastic deformation, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test is to bearing failure, if when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, occur above-mentioned abnormal occurrence, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.
As preferably, described process of the test d) is: if W bearing and X-axis are held all non-failing bearings, then require that W and X-axis are held to install according to table 1 regulation, and get the close sample of Ki value and carry out same single test, if only there is W or X-axis is held, then with reference to the regulation of table 1, sample close for Ki value is carried out same single test, load is added to gradually by GB/T 24607-2009 standard the load that when two cover bearing Central Plains stop testing, Ki value is less in 2 hours, then test 12 hours under this loading factor, if test is but lower exception, as alarm free is shut down, temperature rise aggravates, vibrating noise is abnormal, then get K(i+1)=0.40+0.04(i+1) continue test, if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading, then get K(i+1)=0.40+0.02(i+1), test period is 12 hours, if still without exception, then get K(i+2)=0.40+0.04(i+2) or 0.40+0.02(i+2) continuation test, test period is 12 hours, by that analogy, till until coefficient of intensification being the limit load of bearing element surface generation elastic deformation, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test is to bearing failure, if when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, occur above-mentioned abnormal occurrence, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.
As preferably, described process of the test e) is: finally a set of non-failing bearings and the same single test of W replacement bearing, station is installed with reference to table 1, test load added to loading factor Ki when this non-failing bearings is finally shut down gradually by GB/T 24607-2009 standard-required in 2 hours, then test 12 hours under this loading factor, if test is but lower exception, as alarm free is shut down, temperature rise aggravates, vibrating noise is abnormal, then get K(i+1)=0.40+0.04(i+1) continue test, if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading, then get K(i+1)=0.40+0.02(i+1), test period is 12 hours, if still without exception, then get K(i+2)=0.40+0.04(i+2) or 0.40+0.02(i+2) continuation test, test period is 12 hours, by that analogy, till until coefficient of intensification being the limit load of bearing element surface generation elastic deformation, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test is to bearing failure, if when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, occur above-mentioned abnormal occurrence, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.
As preferably, arbitrary station bearing occurs that namely normal inefficacy stops this single test, and this single test is referred to as normal efficiency test; There is improper failure phenomenons such as generating heat, kill in arbitrary station bearing, then stops this single test, and be invalid test depending on this single test, and Adjustment Tests plan again, till generation first group of normal efficiency test.
Inventing useful effect is: rapid comparison method fatigue lifetime of the same model taper roll bearing that this test method of the present invention defines different manufacturers (two and more than), different batches is produced, and provide strengthening data of fatigue life for user, as quality versus's examination, high-quality bearing Supplier Selection foundation.
This test method is applicable to bearing mnanufacture factory simultaneously and improves forward and backward bearing life verification experimental verification, thus for bearing selection, optimal design, technique adjustment improve provide rapidly test examination decision data.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below:
1) preparation of samples:
1, sample size: each 10 covers of Liang Jia producer bearing, represents (wherein each 8 covers of test specimen, ready sample 2 overlaps) with W, X code name.Ready sample, for replacing invalid test specimen or for accompanying examination, not to judge examination with the sample of being invited to be present at a banquet given in honour of a distinguished guest examination.2, number respectively on the non-basal plane of the inside and outside circle of sample.
2) test bearing is installed:
1 group of Comparability test divides 8 unit, totally 16 cover samples, and wherein 8 covers are producer's sample (representing with W), and another 8 covers are another producer's sample (representing with X).1 unit Comparability test carries out on same testing machine.Sample is installed station and is seen with shown in following table 1, requires that test report must embody sample and install station and erection sequence and sample number into spectrum.If invalid test appears in certain or multiple unit, then test unit is postponed, and in remarks column, mark invalid test.
Table 1
3) test procedure:
A) definition base of first module loading parameters as postorder seven single test loading parameters of Comparability test is often organized.
B) first module test:
By station shown in table 1, W01 and X01 sample is pressed GB/T 24607-2009 standard-required load testing machine and start shooting by established procedure.First in 3 hours, being loaded into coefficient of intensification gradually by GB/T 24607-2009 standard-required is 0.3, then in 9 hours, be loaded into coefficient of intensification be that 0.4(testing laboratory can according to the concrete Control experiment heap(ed) capacity of product actual tests situation and the adjustment of time);
After break-in in 12 hours; if test (i.e. alarm free shutdown, temperature rise aggravation, vibrating noise exception etc.) without exception; then get K1=0.40+0.04i (i=1) and continue test; if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading; then get K1=0.40+0.02i (i=1), test period is 12 hours, if still without exception; then get K2=0.40+0.04i (i=2) or 0.40+0.02i (i=2) and continue test, test period is 12 hours.By that analogy, be till bearing element surface produces the limit load of elastic deformation until coefficient of intensification, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test be to bearing failure; If when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, there is the abnormal occurrencies such as bearing temperature rise aggravates, vibration values fluctuation is large, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.
Arbitrary station bearing occurs that namely normal inefficacy stops this single test, and this single test is referred to as normal efficiency test; There is improper failure phenomenons such as generating heat, kill in arbitrary station bearing, then stops this single test, and be invalid test depending on this single test, but should do test situation explanation.And Adjustment Tests plan again, till generation first group of normal efficiency test.
Calculate first module normal efficiency test equivalence basic rating life L10m.
In formula,
L10m: equivalent basic rating life (unit: h).
Pm: equivalent equivalent radial load (unit: kN).In two groups of comparison samples, occur that the equivalent radial load Pm of the experimental stage (m experimental stage) of fatigue flake is as equivalent equivalent radial load the earliest.
Cr: Bearing dynamic rated load (unit: kN).
N: bearing test rotating speed (unit: r/min).
C) postorder single test: with first module loading parameters for foundation is tested seven unit samples of postorder.By testing machine control system, bearing outer ring temperature, vibration values are monitored in real time, and at interval of 10 minutes records monitoring result.
D) not lose efficacy the testing again of sample:
After normally completing four or eight single tests, to the bearing do not lost efficacy luggage machine test again.
By GB/T 24607-2009 standard-required, load is added to gradually the load that when two cover bearing Central Plains stop testing, Ki value is less in 2 hours, then test 12 hours under this loading factor, if test is but lower exception is (as alarm free is shut down, temperature rise aggravates, vibrating noise is abnormal), then get K(i+1)=0.40+0.04(i+1) continue test, if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading, then get K(i+1)=0.40+0.02(i+1), test period is 12 hours, if still without exception, then get K(i+2)=0.40+0.04(i+2) or 0.40+0.02(i+2) continuation test, test period is 12 hours, by that analogy, till until coefficient of intensification being the limit load of bearing element surface generation elastic deformation, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test is to bearing failure, if when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, occur above-mentioned abnormal occurrence, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.Test speed is by former regulation.As follows for this bearing installation provision:
If W bearing and X-axis are held all non-failing bearings, then require that W and X-axis are held and install (installation site is with former station in principle) according to table 1 regulation, and get the close sample of Ki value and carry out same single test; If only there is W or X-axis is held, then with reference to the regulation (installation site is with former station in principle) of table 1, sample close for Ki value is carried out same single test.
E) disposal route of last a set of non-failing bearings:
Finally a set of non-failing bearings can single test same as W replacement bearing.Station is installed with reference to table 1, test load added to loading factor Ki when this non-failing bearings is finally shut down gradually by GB/T 24607-2009 standard-required in 2 hours, then test 12 hours under this loading factor, if test is but lower exception is (as alarm free is shut down, temperature rise aggravates, vibrating noise is abnormal), then get K(i+1)=0.40+0.04(i+1) continue test, if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading, then get K(i+1)=0.40+0.02(i+1), test period is 12 hours, if still without exception, then get K(i+2)=0.40+0.04(i+2) or 0.40+0.02(i+2) continuation test, test period is 12 hours, by that analogy, till until coefficient of intensification being the limit load of bearing element surface generation elastic deformation, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test is to bearing failure, if when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, occur above-mentioned abnormal occurrence, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.
F) equivalent test is by the calculating of time:
By the test period Ti of each experimental stage different coefficient of intensification Ki lower bearing by the time, convert and become when the test under equivalent dynamic loading is by time Tmi, then equivalent test by time Tm is:
Tm=(N is experimental stage number)
In formula, Cr: Bearing dynamic rated load (unit: kN).
N: bearing test rotating speed (unit: r/min).
Pi: the i-th experimental stage equivalent radial load (unit: kN).
Pm: equivalent equivalent radial load (unit: kN).
Ti: the i-th experimental stage is by time (unit: h).
4) test judges: equivalent test by time Tm comparatively long bearing fatigue lifetime higher than another producer's bearing.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (6)
1. a taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method, is characterized in that: comprise following steps:
1) preparation of samples: each 10 covers of the bearing of Liang Jia producer, represent with W, X code name, wherein each 8 covers of test specimen, each 2 covers of ready sample, ready sample, for replacing invalid test specimen or for accompanying examination, not to judge examination with the sample of being invited to be present at a banquet given in honour of a distinguished guest examination;
2) test bearing is installed: often organize Comparability test and divide 8 unit, each unit Comparability test carries out on same testing machine, if invalid test appears in certain or multiple unit, then test unit is postponed;
3) test procedure:
A) loading parameters setting is tested: the definition base of first module loading parameters as postorder seven single test loading parameters often organizing Comparability test;
B) first module test: W01 and X01 sample is loaded testing machine by GB/T24607-2009 standard-required and starts shooting, and requested test is to bearing failure, coefficient of intensification Ki when obtaining stopping test;
C) postorder single test: with first module loading parameters for foundation is tested seven unit samples of postorder;
D) not lose efficacy the testing again of sample: after normally completing eight single tests, to the bearing do not lost efficacy luggage machine test again;
E) test of last a set of non-failing bearings: finally a set of non-failing bearings and the same single test of W replacement bearing;
F) equivalent test is by the calculating of time: by the test period Ti often organizing each experimental stage of bearing different coefficient of intensification Ki lower bearing and pass through, convert and become when the test under equivalent dynamic loading is by time Tmi, then equivalent test by time Tm is:
In formula, Cr: Bearing dynamic rated load (unit: kN),
P
i: the i-th experimental stage equivalent radial load (unit: kN),
P
m: equivalent equivalent radial load (unit: kN),
T
i: the i-th experimental stage is by time (unit: h);
4) test judges: equivalent test passes through the longer bearing fatigue life of time Tm higher than another producer's bearing.
2. taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3) in by testing machine control system, bearing outer ring temperature, vibration values are monitored in real time.
3. taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3) in process of the test b) be: first in 3 hours, being loaded into coefficient of intensification gradually by GB/T24607-2009 standard-required is 0.3, then in 9 hours, be loaded into coefficient of intensification be 0.4, after break-in in 12 hours, if test is but lower exception, namely alarm free is shut down, temperature rise aggravates, vibrating noise is abnormal, then get K1=0.40+0.04i, i=1, continue test, if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading, then get K1=0.40+0.02i, i=1, test period is 12 hours, if still without exception, then get K2=0.40+0.04i, i=2 or 0.40+0.02i, i=2 continues test, test period is 12 hours, by that analogy, till until coefficient of intensification being the limit load of bearing element surface generation elastic deformation, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test is to bearing failure, if when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, occur above-mentioned abnormal occurrence, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.
4. taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3) in process of the test d) be: if W bearing and X-axis are held all non-failing bearings, then require that W and X-axis are held to install according to the rules, and get the close sample of Ki value and carry out same single test, if only there is W or X-axis is held, sample close for Ki value is carried out same single test, load is added to gradually by GB/T24607-2009 standard the load that when two cover bearing Central Plains stop testing, Ki value is less in 2 hours, then test 12 hours under this coefficient of intensification, if test is but lower exception, as alarm free is shut down, temperature rise aggravates, vibrating noise is abnormal, then get K (i+1)=0.40+0.04 (i+1) and continue test, if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading, then get K (i+1)=0.40+0.02 (i+1), test period is 12 hours, if still without exception, then get K (i+2)=0.40+0.04 (i+2) or 0.40+0.02 (i+2) and continue test, test period is 12 hours, by that analogy, till until coefficient of intensification being the limit load of bearing element surface generation elastic deformation, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test is to bearing failure, if when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, occur above-mentioned abnormal occurrence, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.
5. taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3) in process of the test e) be: finally a set of non-failing bearings and the same single test of W replacement bearing, test load added to coefficient of intensification Ki when this non-failing bearings is finally shut down gradually by GB/T24607-2009 standard-required in 2 hours, then test 12 hours under this coefficient of intensification, if test is but lower exception, namely alarm free is shut down, temperature rise aggravates, vibrating noise is abnormal, then get K (i+1)=0.40+0.04 (i+1) and continue test, if there is above-mentioned abnormal generation after loading, then get K (i+1)=0.40+0.02 (i+1), test period is 12 hours, if still without exception, then get K (i+2)=0.40+0.04 (i+2) or 0.40+0.02 (i+2) and continue test, test period is 12 hours, by that analogy, till until coefficient of intensification being the limit load of bearing element surface generation elastic deformation, then stop increasing progressively coefficient of intensification, and test is to bearing failure, if when coefficient of intensification is incremented to a certain numerical value, occur above-mentioned abnormal occurrence, then load is returned to the coefficient of intensification of a upper experimental stage, and test is to bearing failure.
6. the taper roll bearing stepping strenuous test method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, is characterized in that: arbitrary station bearing occurs that namely normal inefficacy stops this single test, and this single test is referred to as normal efficiency test; There is heating, kill improper failure phenomenon in arbitrary station bearing, then stops this single test, and be invalid test depending on this single test, and Adjustment Tests plan again, till generation first group of normal efficiency test.
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CN112414710A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-26 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Bearing test result evaluation method |
CN117629629B (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-07-05 | 浙江省机电设计研究院有限公司 | Rolling bearing precision life test equipment and test method |
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