CN102735338B - High-resolution multispectral collection system based on mask and double-Amici prism - Google Patents

High-resolution multispectral collection system based on mask and double-Amici prism Download PDF

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CN102735338B
CN102735338B CN201210210730.5A CN201210210730A CN102735338B CN 102735338 B CN102735338 B CN 102735338B CN 201210210730 A CN201210210730 A CN 201210210730A CN 102735338 B CN102735338 B CN 102735338B
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spectrum
lens
image
calibrated
sampled point
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CN102735338A (en
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戴琼海
马晨光
索津莉
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention provides a multispectral collection system, which comprises an imaging objective lens device, a sampling mask device, a prismatic decomposition device, a photographing device and a spectrum collection calibration device, wherein the imaging objective lens device is used for converging and transmitting scene light rays once to generate transmission light rays and comprises a first lens and a second lens; the sampling mask device is positioned at an imaging plane between the first lens and the second lens and is used for performing space sampling on a scene; the prismatic decomposition device is positioned at the rear end of the imaging objective lens device and is used for performing chromatic dispersion on the transmission light rays which pass through the imaging objective lens device to form spectra on a plurality of wavelengths; the photographing device is positioned at the rear end of the prismatic decomposition device and is used for imaging the spectra on a plurality of wavelengths to generate an image to be calibrated; and the spectrum collection calibration device is positioned at the rear end of the photographing device and is used for calibrating and correcting sampling points of the image to be calibrated to acquire spectrum information of the sampling points of the scene. The invention also provides a multispectral collection method. By the multispectral collection system, high-resolution multispectral data acquisition with large range of depth of field and luminous flux can be realized.

Description

High-resolution multi-spectral acquisition system based on mask with two Amici Prisms
Technical field
The present invention relates to calculate shooting field, particularly a kind of multispectral acquisition system and method.
Background technology
In recent years, calculate shooting and learn to have become and intersect the international forward position hot research in the fields such as vision, graphics, shooting, signal processing, how calculates and gather and reconstruct has caused concern widely for the higher-dimension information of real scene.The correlative study work of carrying out the multispectral information of scene is significant for fields such as remote sensing monitoring, safety investigation, digital entertainments.
Traditional digital camera is to be sampled in the two-dimensional projection subspace of higher-dimension scene signals (the conventional full light function representation of 7 degree of freedom), and higher-dimension scene information is projected on camera two dimension sampling subspace and gathered.Can find out, traditional digital camera association produces loss and the coupled problem of information in complete other dimension of light function, comprises scene information score coupling etc. in angle information loss, depth information of scene loss, multispectral information dropout, time shutter.
Calculating a very important direction in shooting is to expand for traditional imaging technique on spectral domain, i.e. multispectral technology.Get on very well with the know-why of vision from multispectral, in people's eyeball, there are three kinds of different cone cells to respond to the signal of different-waveband in spectrum, make light in real scene with the form of three kinds of colors of red, green, blue by the perception of people institute, and it is corresponding, traditional camera is also the cognitive principle from human eye, go to catch RGB (RGB) the triple channel information of scene by the different color integrated curve of charge coupled cell (Charge-coupled Device, CCD).But in fact, the scene light that can see has a complete spectrum, only catch tri-passages of RGB and lost a large amount of details in spectrum dimension.And abundant detailed information often can disclose a lot of speciality of object and scene light in spectrum, there are these spectral informations, also can in the work of a lot of computer vision fields, obtain considerable progress.The multispectral work of calculating in shooting field is for the multispectral information of scene and the research of reconstruct substantially.
According to the difference of technical requirement and acquisition condition, existing multispectral acquisition system can be divided three classes: spectroanalysis instrument, scan-type optical spectrum imagers and single shot imaging spectrometer.Various technical solutions are all that the mode by sacrificing space or temporal resolution compensates for spectral resolution, to gather multispectral information.At the beginning of 2011, a kind of multispectral acquisition system of carrying out based on Hybrid camera system is suggested, it is in sacrificing spatial resolution acquisition additional optical spectral resolution, use the technology of double-channel collection, scene is carried out to double-channel collection, from the multichannel data obtaining, reconstruct the multispectral video of high-spatial and temporal resolution, realized a kind of multispectral acquisition technique.These work have all illustrated the significance of multispectral collection, although but multispectral collecting work has become the focus that recent calculating shooting is learned, the scene information that how to obtain high time resolution, high spatial resolution, high spectral resolution remains a difficult problem, also there is the defects such as field depth is narrow, and luminous flux is too low in the above-mentioned work of mentioning.Therefore, the research in this direction is extremely important and be widely used.
Summary of the invention
The present invention one of is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent or at least provides a kind of useful business to select.
For this reason, first object of the present invention is to propose a kind of multispectral acquisition system, can realize the high-resolution multi-spectral data acquisition of larger field depth and luminous flux.Second object of the present invention is to propose a kind of multispectral acquisition method.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention have proposed a kind of multispectral acquisition system, comprising: image-forming objective lens device, for by scene light through once converge transmission with generate transmitted ray, wherein, described image-forming objective lens device comprises first lens and the second lens; Sampling mask device, the imaging plane place between described first lens and described the second lens, for carrying out spatial sampling to scene; Prism spectroscope, is positioned at the rear end of described image-forming objective lens device, for being the spectrum on multiple wavelength by the described transmitted ray dispersion by described image-forming objective lens device; Camera arrangement, is positioned at the rear end of described Prism spectroscope, for being that spectrum on multiple wavelength carries out imaging to generate image to be calibrated by described dispersion; Spectra collection caliberating device, is positioned at the rear end of described camera arrangement, for described image to be calibrated being carried out to sampled point is demarcated and sampled point is proofreaied and correct the spectral information of the sampled point that obtains described scene.
According to the multispectral acquisition system of the embodiment of the present invention, can realize capable of regulating, larger field depth and the multispectral data collection of luminous flux, can ensure high resolving power, obtain the light spectrum image-forming result of high-quality, realized the effective collection to scene light spectral information simultaneously.
The embodiment of second aspect present invention provides a kind of multispectral acquisition method, comprise the steps: scene light once to converge transmission to generate transmitted ray through image-forming objective lens device, and utilize sampling mask device to carry out spatial sampling to scene, described throw light is incident to the Prism spectroscope that is positioned at described image-forming objective lens device rear end; Described Prism spectroscope is the spectrum on multiple wavelength by described transmitted ray dispersion; To be spectrum on multiple wavelength carry out imaging to generate image to be calibrated by the camera arrangement of the rear end that is positioned at described Prism spectroscope in described dispersion; Utilize spectra collection caliberating device described image to be calibrated to be carried out to sampled point is demarcated and sampled point is proofreaied and correct the spectral information of the sampled point that obtains described scene.
According to the multispectral acquisition method of the embodiment of the present invention, can realize capable of regulating, larger field depth and the multispectral data collection of luminous flux, can ensure high resolving power simultaneously, obtain the light spectrum image-forming result of high-quality.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage accompanying drawing below combination is understood becoming the description of embodiment obviously and easily, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the multispectral acquisition system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic layout pattern of the multispectral acquisition system of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the design example figure of the sampling mask of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the multispectral acquisition method of the embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 5 is the gatherer process schematic diagram of the multispectral acquisition method of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " " center ", " longitudinally ", " laterally ", " length ", " width ", " thickness ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", " outward ", " clockwise ", orientation or the position relationship of instructions such as " counterclockwise " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, instead of device or the element of instruction or hint indication must have specific orientation, with specific orientation structure and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " be only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance or the implicit quantity that indicates indicated technical characterictic.Thus, one or more these features can be expressed or impliedly be comprised to the feature that is limited with " first ", " second ".In description of the invention, the implication of " multiple " is two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms such as term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection ", " fixing " should be interpreted broadly, and for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, and can be also to removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, can be also electrical connection; Can be to be directly connected, also can indirectly be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, can understand as the case may be above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, according to the multispectral acquisition system of the embodiment of first aspect present invention, comprising: image-forming objective lens device 110, sampling mask device 120, Prism spectroscope 130, camera arrangement 140 and spectra collection caliberating device 150.Wherein, image-forming objective lens device 110 for by scene light through once converge transmission with generate transmitted ray, image-forming objective lens device 110 comprises first lens 111 and the second lens 112; The imaging plane place of sampling mask device 120 between first lens 111 and the second lens 112, for carrying out spatial sampling to scene; Prism spectroscope 130 is positioned at the rear end of image-forming objective lens device 110, for being the spectrum on multiple wavelength by the transmitted ray dispersion by image-forming objective lens device 110; Camera arrangement 140 is positioned at the rear end of Prism spectroscope 130, for being that spectrum on multiple wavelength carries out imaging to generate image to be calibrated by dispersion; Spectra collection caliberating device 150 is positioned at the rear end of camera arrangement 140, carries out for treating uncalibrated image that sampled point is demarcated and sampled point is proofreaied and correct the spectral information of the sampled point that obtains described scene.
When first lens 111 is selected, aperture is larger, and the luminous flux that can give multispectral acquisition system promotes higher.The selection of first lens 111 focal lengths is chosen according to the field depth of required scene.In one embodiment of the invention, first lens 111 is selected the biconvex lens of diameter 50mm, focal length 150mm.
When the second lens 112 are selected, the size in aperture should be able to contain the scope of scene, and scene domain depends primarily on distance and the camera lens focal length between lens and camera.The size of sampling mask on the focal length major effect image space of the second lens 112 and the entirety size of multispectral acquisition system.In one embodiment of the invention, the second lens 112 are selected the biconvex lens of diameter 40mm, focal length 100mm.
Sampling mask device 120 is placed at imaging plane place between first lens 111 and the second lens 112, carries out spatial sampling for scene, and object is only to allow the light of sampled point to pass through.
In sampling mask device 120, the size design of mask entirety needs focal length and the camera ccd array size with reference to second focal length of lens 112 and the camera lens of camera.
On mask, as shown in Figure 2, on mask, hash is being arranged intensive aperture in the design of aperture, for realizing the sampling for scene.In one embodiment of the invention, select aperture to be of a size of the high 100um of wide 25um, adjacent apertures spacing is 350um.
Light enters the Prism spectroscope 130 of rear end after by image-forming objective lens device 110, and then dispersion is the spectrum on different wave length, and on the camera arrangement 140 of rear end imaging to generate image to be calibrated.
In one embodiment of the invention, Prism spectroscope 130 selects the crown glass that flint glass that 40*40*15mm, high 40mm, refractive index are 1.608 and 40*40*18mm, high 40mm, refractive index are 1.515 to build two Amici Prisms of formation.
Amici Prism is made up of two triangular prisms, and first triangular prism is that medium crown glass is made by dispersive power conventionally, and second with the flint glass manufacture of high dispersion.When light enters first prism, be first refracted, then enter two interfaces between prism, then with the almost direction ejaculation perpendicular to second prism surface.The angle of prism and material, through selecting, make the light of one of them wavelength (color), and the normally wavelength at center, is parallel with the light beam of incident while leaving prism.The angle of other wavelength deflections is relevant with the dispersive power of material.Observe the optical spectra that a light source by prism just can demonstrate light source.Amici Prism can be and then another copy but the Amici Prism that is inverted.The combination of this three prisms, conventionally by as two Amici Prisms, can increase angle and the effect of dispersion, and can be by useful composition, and the wavelength at center, on the path of bounce back incident.Use two Amici Prisms to carry out dispersion light splitting, can be under the condition that does not change radiation direction dispersion light, and be reduced to image distortion simultaneously.
Undertaken by the image to be calibrated that camera arrangement 140 is generated that sampled point is demarcated and sampled point is proofreaied and correct the spectral information of the sampled point that obtains described scene.Wherein, sampled point demarcation and sampled point are proofreaied and correct and are included but are not limited to: geometric calibration, geometry correction, spectrum correction and intensity correction.
In one embodiment of the invention, use fluorescent light as standard sources, gather for fluorescent light line spectrum, because fluorescent light line spectrum has two obvious spikes at 546.5nm and 611.6nm place, can utilize these data to carry out geometric calibration for the collection result of scene, the keystone correction that uses the method for trigonometric interpolation that prism variable thickness is brought.
In one embodiment of the invention, use fluorescent light as standard sources, gather for fluorescent light line spectrum, because the light spectrum of fluorescent light has two obvious spikes at 546.5nm and 611.6nm place, available this positional information of 2 is as reference mark, carry out spectrum calibration for the spectrum collecting, in its implementation procedure, adopt the method based on B-spline curves interpolation.
According to the multispectral acquisition system of the embodiment of the present invention, can realize capable of regulating, larger field depth and the multispectral data collection of luminous flux, device complexity is lower, compacter, can ensure high resolving power simultaneously, obtains the light spectrum image-forming result of high-quality.
Fig. 3 is the schematic layout pattern of the multispectral acquisition system of one embodiment of the invention, wherein, image-forming objective lens device is made up of first lens and the second lens, and first lens is selected the biconvex lens of diameter 50mm, focal length 150mm, and the second lens are selected the biconvex lens of diameter 40mm, focal length 100mm.Sampling mask device selects aperture to be of a size of the high 100um of wide 25um, the sampling mask that adjacent apertures spacing is 350um.Two Amici Prisms that Prism spectroscope selects crown glass that flint glass that 40*40*15mm, high 40mm, refractive index are 1.608 and 40*40*18mm, high 40mm, refractive index are 1.515 to form.License plate arrangement is selected high resolving power black and white camera.
As shown in Figure 4, according to the multispectral acquisition method of the embodiment of second aspect present invention, comprise the steps:
S401: scene light is once converged to transmission to generate transmitted ray through image-forming objective lens device, and utilize sampling mask device to carry out spatial sampling to scene, described throw light is incident to the Prism spectroscope that is positioned at described image-forming objective lens device rear end.
Image-forming objective lens device comprises first lens and the second lens.When first lens is selected, it is higher that aperture can give more greatly the luminous flux lifting of system, and the selection of first lens focal length is chosen according to required field depth.When the second lens are selected, the size in aperture should be able to contain scope that can scene, and this point depends primarily on distance and the camera lens focal length between lens and camera.Size and the entire system size of the mask on the focal length major effect image space of the second lens.Sampling mask device is placed at imaging plane place between first lens and the second lens, carries out spatial sampling for scene, and object is only to allow the light of sampled point to pass through.
S402: Prism spectroscope is the spectrum on multiple wavelength by transmitted ray dispersion.
In one embodiment of the invention, Prism spectroscope is selected two Amici Prisms.Light by image-forming objective lens device after, enter two Amici Prisms of rear end, and then dispersion is the spectrum on different wave length.
S403: to be spectrum on multiple wavelength carry out imaging to generate image to be calibrated by the camera arrangement of the rear end that is positioned at Prism spectroscope in dispersion.
In one embodiment of the invention, camera arrangement adopts high resolving power black and white camera.To be spectrum on multiple wavelength carry out imaging to generate image to be calibrated by the high resolving power black and white camera of the rear end that is positioned at Prism spectroscope in dispersion.
S404: utilize spectra collection caliberating device described image to be calibrated to be carried out to sampled point is demarcated and sampled point is proofreaied and correct the spectral information of the sampled point that obtains described scene.
Sampled point is demarcated and sampled point correction includes but are not limited to: geometric calibration, geometry correction, spectrum correction and intensity correction.
Fig. 5 is the gatherer process schematic diagram of the multispectral acquisition method of one embodiment of the invention.
In one embodiment of the invention, use fluorescent light as standard sources, gather for fluorescent light line spectrum, because fluorescent light line spectrum has two obvious spikes at 546.5nm and 611.6nm place, can utilize these data to carry out geometric calibration for the collection result of scene, the keystone correction that uses the method for trigonometric interpolation that prism variable thickness is brought.
In one embodiment of the invention, use fluorescent light as standard sources, gather for fluorescent light line spectrum, because the light spectrum of fluorescent light has two obvious spikes at 546.5nm and 611.6nm place, available these 2 as reference mark, carry out spectrum calibration for the spectrum collecting, in its implementation procedure, adopt the method based on B-spline curves interpolation.
According to the multispectral acquisition method of the embodiment of the present invention, can realize capable of regulating, larger field depth and the multispectral data collection of luminous flux, can ensure high resolving power simultaneously, obtain the light spectrum image-forming result of high-quality.
Any process of otherwise describing in process flow diagram or at this or method are described and can be understood to, represent to comprise that one or more is for realizing module, fragment or the part of code of executable instruction of step of specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises other realization, wherein can be not according to order shown or that discuss, comprise according to related function by the mode of basic while or by contrary order, carry out function, this should be understood by embodiments of the invention person of ordinary skill in the field.
The logic and/or the step that in process flow diagram, represent or otherwise describe at this, for example, can be considered to the sequencing list of the executable instruction for realizing logic function, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, use for instruction execution system, device or equipment (as computer based system, comprise that the system of processor or other can and carry out the system of instruction from instruction execution system, device or equipment instruction fetch), or use in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.With regard to this instructions, " computer-readable medium " can be anyly can comprise, device that storage, communication, propagation or transmission procedure use for instruction execution system, device or equipment or in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.The example more specifically (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable medium comprises following: the electrical connection section (electronic installation) with one or more wirings, portable computer diskette box (magnetic device), random-access memory (ram), ROM (read-only memory) (ROM), the erasable ROM (read-only memory) (EPROM or flash memory) of editing, fiber device, and portable optic disk ROM (read-only memory) (CDROM).In addition, computer-readable medium can be even paper or other the suitable medium that can print described program thereon, because can be for example by paper or other media be carried out to optical scanning, then edit, decipher or process in electronics mode and obtain described program with other suitable methods if desired, be then stored in computer memory.
Should be appreciated that each several part of the present invention can realize with hardware, software, firmware or their combination.In the above-described embodiment, multiple steps or method can realize with being stored in software or the firmware carried out in storer and by suitable instruction execution system.For example, if realized with hardware, the same in another embodiment, can realize by any one in following technology well known in the art or their combination: there is the discrete logic for data-signal being realized to the logic gates of logic function, there is the special IC of suitable combinational logic gate circuit, programmable gate array (PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA) etc.
Those skilled in the art are appreciated that realizing all or part of step that above-described embodiment method carries is can carry out the hardware that instruction is relevant by program to complete, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording medium, this program, in the time carrying out, comprises step of embodiment of the method one or a combination set of.
In addition, the each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing module, can be also that the independent physics of unit exists, and also can be integrated in a module two or more unit.Above-mentioned integrated module both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, and also can adopt the form of software function module to realize.If described integrated module realizes and during as production marketing independently or use, also can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium using the form of software function module.
The above-mentioned storage medium of mentioning can be ROM (read-only memory), disk or CD etc.In the description of this instructions, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the feature of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term is not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be with suitable mode combination in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention in the situation that not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, amendment, replacement and modification.

Claims (11)

1. a multispectral acquisition system, is characterized in that, comprising:
Image-forming objective lens device, for by scene light through once converge transmission with generate transmitted ray, wherein, described image-forming objective lens device comprises first lens and the second lens;
Sampling mask device, the imaging plane place between described first lens and described the second lens, for carrying out spatial sampling to scene;
Prism spectroscope, is positioned at the rear end of described image-forming objective lens device, for being the spectrum on multiple wavelength by the described transmitted ray dispersion by described image-forming objective lens device;
Camera arrangement, is positioned at the rear end of described Prism spectroscope, for being that spectrum on multiple wavelength carries out imaging to generate image to be calibrated by described dispersion;
Spectra collection caliberating device, be positioned at the rear end of described camera arrangement, proofread and correct the spectral information of the sampled point that obtains described scene for described image to be calibrated being carried out to sampled point demarcation and sampled point, described image to be calibrated is carried out to sampled point demarcation to described spectra collection caliberating device and sampled point is proofreaied and correct, and comprises described image to be calibrated is carried out to sampled point geometric calibration, geometry correction, spectrum correction and intensity correction.
2. multispectral acquisition system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described first lens carries out imaging by changing focal length with the different field depths to described scene.
3. multispectral acquisition system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described first lens and described the second lens are biconvex lens.
4. multispectral acquisition system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, on described sampling mask device, hash is furnished with multiple row through hole.
5. multispectral acquisition system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Prism spectroscope is two Amici Prism light-dividing devices.
6. multispectral acquisition system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described camera arrangement is high resolving power black and white camera.
7. multispectral acquisition system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described spectra collection caliberating device by the collection of fluorescent light line spectrum so that described image to be calibrated is carried out to spectrum calibration.
8. multispectral acquisition system as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described spectra collection caliberating device adopts the method based on B-spline curves interpolation to carry out spectrum calibration to described image to be calibrated.
9. a multispectral acquisition method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Scene light is once converged to transmission to generate transmitted ray through image-forming objective lens device, and utilize sampling mask device to carry out spatial sampling to scene, described transmitted ray is incident to the Prism spectroscope that is positioned at described image-forming objective lens device rear end;
Described Prism spectroscope is the spectrum on multiple wavelength by described transmitted ray dispersion;
To be spectrum on multiple wavelength carry out imaging to generate image to be calibrated by the camera arrangement of the rear end that is positioned at described Prism spectroscope in described dispersion; And
Utilize spectra collection caliberating device described image to be calibrated to be carried out to sampled point is demarcated and sampled point is proofreaied and correct the spectral information of the sampled point that obtains described scene, the described spectra collection caliberating device that utilizes carries out sampled point demarcation and sampled point correction to described image to be calibrated, comprises the steps:
Described spectra collection caliberating device carries out sampled point geometric calibration, geometry correction, spectrum correction and intensity correction to described image to be calibrated.
10. multispectral acquisition method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, described spectra collection caliberating device by the collection of fluorescent light line spectrum so that described image to be calibrated is carried out to spectrum calibration.
11. multispectral acquisition methods as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, described spectra collection caliberating device adopts the method based on B-spline curves interpolation to carry out spectrum calibration to described image to be calibrated.
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