CN102734262B - Driving cylinder and crane and engineering machinery with same - Google Patents
Driving cylinder and crane and engineering machinery with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102734262B CN102734262B CN201210241263.2A CN201210241263A CN102734262B CN 102734262 B CN102734262 B CN 102734262B CN 201210241263 A CN201210241263 A CN 201210241263A CN 102734262 B CN102734262 B CN 102734262B
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Abstract
The invention provides a driving cylinder, a crane with the driving cylinder and engineering machinery with the driving cylinder. The driving cylinder includes: the hydraulic cylinder comprises a main cylinder barrel (21), a main piston rod (26) and a locking device, wherein the locking device is arranged outside the driving cylinder and comprises a locking state and an unlocking state, the main piston rod (26) is locked at a locking position relative to the main cylinder barrel (21) in the locking state, and the main piston rod (26) can freely stretch and retract in the main cylinder barrel (21) in the unlocking state. According to the driving cylinder, the locking and unlocking of the driving cylinder are realized through the locking device arranged outside the driving cylinder, so that the maintenance work of the locking device is facilitated, and the working state of the locking device is easy to detect and observe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering machinery, in particular to a driving cylinder, a crane with the driving cylinder and the engineering machinery.
Background
With the development of industries such as wind power, nuclear power, chemical engineering and the like, parts are increasingly modularized and large-sized, the demand for large-tonnage cranes is increasingly increased, the hoisting height and the hoisting load of the crane are required to be increased, and therefore, the common telescopic boom crane is developing towards large-scale. However, the high lifting height and the heavy lifting load cause the component force in the shearing direction of the main arm to be larger, so that the deflection of the main arm in a variable amplitude plane is larger, the stability of the main arm in a rotation plane is poorer, and even though the ideas such as increasing the length of the main arm, optimizing the shape of the main arm, increasing the section size of the main arm, improving the material strength of the main arm and the like cannot solve the problems, the lifting height and the lifting capacity of the main arm are improved by improving the stress condition of the suspension arm by means of an auxiliary device, so that the requirements of the market on large-tonnage cranes are met, and the telescopic arm crane with the super lifting device is born. However, the present superlift device still has some problems to be further improved and promoted, wherein, in order to realize the necessary bearing capacity, the compensating cylinder used with the superlift device has larger size and weight, and a cylinder with a locking function is preferably adopted.
The Chinese utility model with the grant publication number of CN201412409Y discloses a mechanical self-locking oil cylinder, wherein, when a rear oil hole is fed with oil, a piston rod retracts, when a nut enters a positioning block, the nut pushes a steel ball to float upwards, when the piston rod moves to a position where the steel ball blocks a pressing block, the pressing block stops moving, the piston rod drives the nut to compress a first spring and a second spring to continue moving leftwards, the steel ball begins to fall into a trapezoidal groove of the nut, the pressing block also moves leftwards under the action of the first spring and presses the steel ball downwards, when the steel ball completely falls into the trapezoidal groove, the piston touches a cylinder bottom piston rod to stop moving, the pressing block also immediately seals the upper part of the steel ball, the steel ball cannot float upwards and is clamped in the trapezoidal groove, and therefore, the; when the piston moves a certain distance, the steel ball moves outwards along the radial direction of the piston rod, so that the piston rod is unlocked and stretches out.
However, the mechanical self-locking cylinder disclosed in the above prior art has two disadvantages: 1. the self-locking mechanisms are all arranged inside the oil cylinder, so that the detection and observation are not easy; 2. the self-locking mechanism bears limited load and is not suitable for occasions with larger bearing capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a driving cylinder which is provided with a locking device, is easy to maintain and detect and observe the state, and a crane and a construction machine which are provided with the driving cylinder.
The present invention provides a drive cylinder, comprising: the driving cylinder further comprises a locking device arranged outside the driving cylinder, the locking device comprises a locking state and an unlocking state, the main piston rod is locked at a locking position relative to the main cylinder barrel in the locking state, and the main piston rod can freely stretch and retract in the main cylinder barrel in the unlocking state.
Further, the lock position is a fully retracted position in which the main piston rod is fully retracted into the main cylinder.
Further, the locking device includes: a first clamping stop part arranged on the main cylinder barrel; and the second clamping part is arranged on the main piston rod, the locking device is in a locking state when the second clamping part is matched with the first clamping part, and the locking device is in an unlocking state when the second clamping part is not matched with the first clamping part.
Further, the locking device further comprises a locking driving device, wherein the locking driving device is arranged on the main cylinder and connected with the first clamping part and used for driving the first clamping part to be matched with and disengaged from the second clamping part.
Furthermore, the first clamping and stopping part is hinged to one end, close to the main piston rod, of the main cylinder barrel; the second clamping stop part is fixed at one end of the main piston rod, which is far away from the main cylinder barrel; the lock drive device is connected to the main cylinder and the first locking portion, respectively.
Further, the first clamping part comprises a stop block, and the stop block is hinged with the main cylinder barrel and comprises a clamping groove; the second clamping part comprises a convex block matched with the clamping groove in a clamping manner; the locking driving device comprises a locking driving cylinder, the locking driving cylinder comprises a locking cylinder barrel and a locking piston rod, one of the locking cylinder barrel and the locking piston rod is hinged with the main cylinder barrel, and the other one of the locking cylinder barrel and the locking piston rod is hinged with the stop block.
Further, the two lugs are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main piston rod; the stop block comprises two clamping grooves which are respectively matched with the two convex blocks.
Further, the side surface, far away from the main cylinder barrel, of the lug comprises a first arc surface; the clamping groove of the stop block comprises a second arc surface matched with the first arc surface.
Furthermore, the stop block comprises a stop block inclined plane which is arranged on the outer surface of one side of the stop block close to the main piston rod; the lug comprises a lug inclined plane which is matched with the block inclined plane in a sliding way, and the lug inclined plane is arranged on the surface of one side of the lug, which is close to the main cylinder barrel.
Further, the drive cylinder further includes detection means for detecting a locked state and/or an unlocked state of the locking means.
Further, the detection device includes: a first detection unit for detecting a locked state of the locking device; and a second detection unit for detecting an unlocked state of the locking device.
Further, the drive cylinder further includes detection means for detecting a locked state and/or an unlocked state of the locking means.
Further, the detection device includes: the first detection element is arranged on the outer wall of the main cylinder barrel; the first sensing element is arranged on the stop block, and when the locking device is in the unlocking state, the first sensing element is positioned in the sensing area of the first detection element.
Further, the detection device includes: the second detection element is arranged on the stop block; and the second sensing element is arranged on the main piston rod and is positioned in a sensing area of the second detection element when the locking device is in a locking state.
The invention also provides a crane which comprises the super-lifting device and the compensation oil cylinder arranged on the super-lifting device, wherein the compensation oil cylinder is the driving cylinder.
The invention also provides engineering machinery comprising the driving cylinder. According to the driving cylinder, the locking and unlocking of the driving cylinder are realized through the locking device arranged outside the driving cylinder, so that the maintenance work of the locking device is facilitated, and the working state of the locking device is easy to detect and observe.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a crane having a compensation cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a drive cylinder according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a driving cylinder according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following embodiments, the driving cylinder, the crane and the construction machine of the present invention are described only by taking the crane with the super lift device and the compensating cylinder applied thereto as examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, for example, the driving cylinder may be a pneumatic cylinder, the driving cylinder of the present invention may also be applied to a construction machine such as a pump truck, and other occasions where the driving cylinder with the self-locking function is applied.
The driving cylinder comprises a main cylinder barrel, a main piston rod and a locking device. The locking device is arranged on the outer side of the driving cylinder and comprises a locking state and an unlocking state, wherein the main piston rod is locked at a locking position relative to the main cylinder barrel in the locking state, and the main piston rod can freely stretch and retract in the main cylinder barrel in the unlocking state. Preferably, the locking position is a fully retracted position in which the main piston rod is fully retracted into the main cylinder. According to the driving cylinder, the locking and unlocking of the driving cylinder are realized through the locking device arranged outside the driving cylinder, so that the maintenance work of the locking device is facilitated, and the working state of the locking device is easy to detect and observe. When the locking device is in a locking state, the locking device can bear at least part of external tension to enable the driving cylinder to be free of stress or less stressed, so that the driving cylinder can bear larger load when in the locking position, the size of the driving cylinder is reduced, and the weight of the driving cylinder is reduced.
The crane mainly comprises a super-lift device 9 and a compensation oil cylinder 2 arranged on the super-lift device 9, wherein the compensation oil cylinder 2 adopts the driving cylinder of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a specific embodiment of a crane with a compensating cylinder according to the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the crane comprises a steel wire rope 1, a compensation oil cylinder 2, a pulley 3, a rear tensioning device 4, a basic arm 5, a rotary table 6, a luffing oil cylinder 7, a super-lift winch mechanism 8, a super-lift device 9, a main arm head 10 and the like. The super lift device 9 is mounted in front of the base arm 5. One end of the steel wire rope 1 is connected with the compensation oil cylinder 2 through the pulley 3, and the other end is connected with the super-lift hoisting mechanism 8. One end of the rear tensioning device 4 is connected with the superlift device 9, and the other end is connected with the tail part of the basic arm 5 or the rotary table 6. One end of the amplitude variation oil cylinder 7 is connected with the basic arm 5, the other end of the amplitude variation oil cylinder is connected with the super-lifting device 9, and the super-lifting device 9 and the basic arm 5 can be in a horizontal state and start to change the amplitude by 90 degrees to be in a vertical state. The crane of the specific embodiment facilitates the maintenance work of the locking device, and the working state of the locking device is easy to detect and observe; when the compensation oil cylinder 2 stretches, the self pressure of the compensation oil cylinder 2 bears the external tension on the main piston rod, and when the compensation oil cylinder is locked, the external tension can be borne by the locking device through reasonable design, so that the compensation oil cylinder has the characteristics of large bearing capacity during stretching and small bearing capacity during locking, and can be applied to occasions with very large bearing capacity theoretically.
The structure of the compensation cylinder 2 will be specifically described below.
Fig. 2 shows a drive cylinder of a first embodiment of the invention as a compensation cylinder 2. Wherein the driving cylinder comprises a main cylinder barrel 21, a locking driving cylinder 22, a stop 23, a fixing pin 24, a projection 25 and a main piston rod 26.
In the drive cylinder of the first embodiment, the locking means employs a snap means including a first locking portion provided on the main cylinder tube 21 and a second locking portion provided on the main piston rod 26. The driving cylinder is in a locked state when the second clamping part is matched with the first clamping part, and the driving cylinder is in an unlocked state when the second clamping part is not matched with the first clamping part. In the first embodiment, the locking device is in a locked state when the main piston rod 26 is in the fully retracted position.
The locking device further comprises a locking driving device, the locking driving device is arranged on the main cylinder 21 and connected with the first clamping part, and the locking driving device is used for driving the first clamping part to be matched with or separated from the second clamping part. Preferably, the first stop portion is hinged to one end of the main cylinder 21 close to the main piston rod 26; the second locking part is fixed at one end of the main piston rod 26 far away from the main cylinder 21; and the lock drive means is connected to the master cylinder tube 21 and the first engagement portion, respectively. As shown in fig. 2, specifically in the first embodiment, the first retaining portion includes a stopper 23, and the stopper 23 includes a card slot 233; the second locking portion comprises a projection 25 for snap-fitting with the slot 233, the projection 25 being arranged to fit with the slot 233. The lock-up drive means includes a lock-up drive cylinder 22. The locking actuating cylinder 22 comprises a locking cylinder barrel and a locking piston rod, wherein one end of the locking cylinder barrel, which is far away from the locking piston rod, is hinged to the main cylinder barrel 21 through an ear plate and a pin shaft, and one end of the locking piston rod, which is far away from the locking cylinder barrel, is hinged to the second connecting portion 232 of the stop block 23. Of course, the mounting positions of the locking cylinder and the locking piston rod can be reversed. The first connection portion 231 of the stopper 23 is hinged to the main cylinder 21 by a fixing pin 24. The stop 23 is free to rotate about the fixed pin 24. The expansion and contraction of the locking piston rod of the locking driving cylinder 22 can drive the stop block 23 to rotate around the fixed pin 24. When the locking piston rod of the locking driving cylinder 22 retracts to a certain length, the stopper 23 is driven to be separated from the projection 25, at this time, the main piston rod 26 can be freely extended, and the locking device is in an unlocking state.
Preferably, the side of the protrusion 25 away from the main cylinder 21 includes a first arc surface, and the engaging surface of the engaging groove 233 of the stopper 23 and the first arc surface includes a second arc surface, which can be precisely engaged, so as to facilitate the locking operation of the locking device on the main piston rod 26.
Further preferably, two protrusions 25 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main piston rod 26 in the axial direction are included in the first embodiment. Correspondingly, the stopper 23 includes two engaging grooves 233 respectively engaged with the two protrusions 25. The symmetrically arranged convex blocks and the clamping grooves are beneficial to the uniform stress of the locking device, and the locking capacity is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 2, the stopper 23 further includes a stopper slope 234 provided on an outer surface of the stopper 23 on a side close to the main piston rod 26. Correspondingly, the projection 25 includes a projection slope 251 slidably engaged with the stopper slope 234, and is provided on a surface of the projection 25 on a side close to the main cylinder 21. When the main piston rod 26 retracts to the position where the bump 25 contacts the stopper 23, due to the arrangement of the stopper inclined surface 234 and the protrusion inclined surface 251 and the slidable fit between the stopper inclined surface 234 and the protrusion inclined surface 251, the protrusion 25 applies a force to the stopper 23 to push the stopper 23 open, which can cause the locking piston rod of the locking driving cylinder 22 to retract, so that the stopper 23 opens, when the protrusion 25 reaches the corresponding position, the stopper 23 freely falls under the thrust action of the locking driving cylinder 22, so that the protrusion 25 completely enters the slot 233, the locking device is in the locking state, the main piston rod 26 is locked relative to the main cylinder 21, at this time, the pulling force applied to the driving cylinder is squeezed and borne by the stopper 23 and the protrusion 25, and the driving cylinder system.
The lock device of the above embodiment should not limit the drive cylinder of the present invention. For example, the locking means may be formed electromagnetically. In the case where the locking device is locked by a locking device, the first locking portion and the second locking portion are not limited to the above specific form of engagement between the engaging groove and the projection on the stopper, and various changes may be made. In addition, the locking driving device is not limited to the locking driving cylinder, and may be an electric locking device, for example, and in a place where the driving cylinder is small and convenient for manual operation, the locking driving device is not even necessary, and the stopper and the projection are engaged or disengaged only by manual operation.
The driving cylinder of the first embodiment has the characteristics of small bearing in the telescopic process and large load bearing after full contraction, so that the bearing structure of the driving cylinder can be locally strengthened, and the driving cylinder can be made smaller, lighter in weight and convenient to manufacture and install compared with a driving cylinder with the same specification.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a driving cylinder according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the drive cylinder further comprises detection means for detecting a locked state and/or an unlocked state of the locking means. Only the differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment will be described below, and the description will not be repeated for the same portions therebetween.
In a second embodiment, the detection device comprises a first and a second two detection unit. The first detection unit is used for detecting the locking state of the locking device; the second detection unit is used for detecting the unlocking state of the locking device. Those skilled in the art may select only one of the detection units from the information that needs to be detected.
Specifically, the first detection unit includes a first detection element 27 and a first sensing element 28. The first detection element 27 is provided on the outer wall of the main cylinder 21. The first sensing element 28 is disposed on the stopper 23, and the first sensing element 28 is located in the sensing area of the first detecting element 27 when the locking device is in the unlocking state. The second detection unit comprises a second detection element 29 and a second sensing element 30. The second detection element 29 is disposed on the stopper 23. When the second sensing element 30 is disposed on the main piston rod 26 and the locking device is in the locked state, the second sensing element 30 is located in the sensing area of the second detecting element 29.
When the first sensing element 27 senses the first sensing element 28, it indicates that the stopper 23 is disengaged from the protrusion 25, the locking device is in the unlocked state, and the main piston rod 26 can be freely extended. When the second sensing element 30 is sensed by the second sensing element 29, indicating that the stop 23 is engaged with the projection 25, the locking device is in a locked state, and the main piston rod 26 is locked relative to the main cylinder 21 and cannot extend.
When the main piston rod 26 retracts to a certain position, the control system detects a signal of the first detection element 27, the locking device is in an unlocked state, and the main piston rod 26 can retract; when the main piston rod 26 is retracted, the control system controls the extension of the locking piston rod of the locking cylinder 22, causing the stop 23 to rotate about the fixed pin 24 into engagement with the projection 25. When the control system can detect the signal of the first detecting element 29, this time, it indicates that the locking device is in the locking state, the main piston rod 26 is locked, and at this time, the pulling force applied to the driving cylinder is pressed and borne by the stopper 23 and the bump 25, and the driving cylinder is not loaded.
The opening and closing of the driving cylinder of the second embodiment are confirmed by the detection device, the bump is prevented from colliding with the stop block, and accidents caused by bearing under the condition that the main piston rod is not locked can be avoided. The convex block inclined plane and the stop block inclined plane which are respectively arranged on the convex block and the stop block are matched, so that the accident that the convex block collides with the stop block due to the fact that the stop block is not opened due to signal faults of the detection device can be avoided.
It should be noted that the detecting device in the second embodiment may be any detecting device capable of identifying the engagement or disengagement between the stopper 23 and the protrusion 25, for example, the above detecting element and the sensing element may be integrated into one detecting element and replaced by a single detecting element.
As can be seen from the above description, the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
the locking and unlocking of the driving cylinder are realized through the locking device arranged outside the driving cylinder, so that the maintenance work of the locking device is facilitated, and the working state of the locking device is easy to detect and observe. If the main piston rod is locked at the locking position at the fully-retracted position, when the oil cylinder is locked, at least part of external tension can be borne by the locking device, so that the driving cylinder is not stressed or is less stressed, the driving cylinder can bear larger load when being locked, the size of the driving cylinder is favorably reduced, and the weight of the driving cylinder is reduced. Furthermore, through setting up dog and lug that mutually supports in the driving cylinder outside to and set up locking driving cylinder and promote or stimulate the dog, make its and lug joint or break away from the locking and the unblock that realize the driving cylinder, when the locking means locking of driving cylinder, only rely on the contact of dog and lug to bear outside pulling force, and driving cylinder itself does not receive the force, makes the driving cylinder can bear great load when contracting entirely, is favorable to reducing the driving cylinder size, alleviates driving cylinder weight. Furthermore, a detection device is arranged to detect the locking state and the unlocking state of the locking device, so that accidents caused by the unlocking of the main piston rod can be avoided. And because the inclined plane of the stop block and the inclined plane of the lug are arranged, the collision accident of the stop block and the lug is effectively avoided.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A drive cylinder, comprising: a main cylinder (21) and a main piston rod (26), the drive cylinder further comprising a locking device disposed outside the drive cylinder, the locking device comprising a locked state in which the main piston rod (26) is locked in a locked position with respect to the main cylinder (21) and an unlocked state in which the main piston rod (26) is freely extendable and retractable within the main cylinder (21), characterized in that the locking device comprises:
the first clamping and stopping part is arranged on the main cylinder barrel (21) and comprises a stop block (23), and the stop block (23) is hinged with the main cylinder barrel (21) and comprises a clamping groove (233);
a second clamping part arranged on the main piston rod (26), wherein the locking device is in the locking state when the second clamping part is matched with the first clamping part, the locking device is in the unlocking state when the second clamping part is not matched with the first clamping part, and the second clamping part comprises a convex block (25) used for being in clamping fit with the clamping groove (233); wherein,
the side face, far away from the main cylinder barrel (21), of the convex block (25) comprises a first arc surface, and the clamping groove (233) of the stop block (23) comprises a second arc surface matched with the first arc surface.
2. A drive cylinder according to claim 1, characterised in that the locking position is a fully retracted position in which the main piston rod (26) is fully retracted into the main cylinder barrel (21).
3. The drive cylinder of claim 1 wherein the locking arrangement further comprises a locking drive arrangement, wherein,
the locking driving device is arranged on the main cylinder barrel (21), is connected with the first clamping and stopping part and is used for driving the first clamping and stopping part to be matched with and separated from the second clamping and stopping part.
4. The drive cylinder of claim 3,
the first clamping stop part is hinged to one end, close to the main piston rod (26), of the main cylinder barrel (21);
the second clamping part is fixed at one end of the main piston rod (26) far away from the main cylinder barrel (21);
the lock drive device is connected to the main cylinder (21) and the first locking portion, respectively.
5. The drive cylinder according to claim 4, characterized in that the locking drive comprises a locking drive cylinder (22), the locking drive cylinder (22) comprising a locking cylinder and a locking piston rod, one of which is articulated to the main cylinder (21) and the other of which is articulated to the stop (23).
6. Drive cylinder according to claim 5,
the two lugs (25) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main piston rod (26);
the stop block (23) comprises two clamping grooves (233) which are respectively matched with the two lugs (25).
7. The drive cylinder of claim 1,
the stopper (23) comprises a stopper inclined surface (234), and the stopper inclined surface (234) is arranged on the outer surface of one side of the stopper close to the main piston rod (26);
the projection (25) comprises a projection inclined surface (251) which is matched with the block inclined surface (234) in a sliding way, and the projection inclined surface (251) is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the main cylinder barrel (21), of the projection (25).
8. The drive cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drive cylinder further comprises detection means for detecting a locked state and/or an unlocked state of the locking means.
9. The drive cylinder of claim 8 wherein said sensing means comprises:
a first detection unit for detecting a locked state of the locking device;
and the second detection unit is used for detecting the unlocking state of the locking device.
10. The drive cylinder of claim 5 further comprising a detection device for detecting a locked state and/or an unlocked state of the locking device.
11. The drive cylinder of claim 10 wherein said sensing means comprises:
a first detection element (27) provided on an outer wall of the main cylinder (21);
the first sensing element (28) is arranged on the stop block (23), and when the locking device is in the unlocking state, the first sensing element (28) is positioned in a sensing area of the first detection element (27).
12. The drive cylinder of claim 10 wherein said sensing means comprises:
a second detection element (29) provided on the stopper (23);
and the second sensing element (30) is arranged on the main piston rod (26), and when the locking device is in the locking state, the second sensing element (30) is positioned in a sensing area of the second detection element (29).
13. A crane comprising a superlift device (9) and a compensation cylinder (2) arranged on the superlift device (9), characterized in that the compensation cylinder (2) is a drive cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
14. A working machine comprising a drive cylinder, characterized in that the drive cylinder is a drive cylinder according to any one of claims 1-12.
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CN201210241263.2A CN102734262B (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2012-07-12 | Driving cylinder and crane and engineering machinery with same |
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CN201210241263.2A CN102734262B (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2012-07-12 | Driving cylinder and crane and engineering machinery with same |
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CN111379759B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2022-09-02 | 徐州徐工液压件有限公司 | Hydraulic oil cylinder assembly and crane |
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CN104632781B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-02-01 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | Expanding oil cylinder, super-lifting device, crane and method |
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