CN102733843A - Method and experiment system for simulating tunneling gas migration rule of coal mine - Google Patents
Method and experiment system for simulating tunneling gas migration rule of coal mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102733843A CN102733843A CN2011100952504A CN201110095250A CN102733843A CN 102733843 A CN102733843 A CN 102733843A CN 2011100952504 A CN2011100952504 A CN 2011100952504A CN 201110095250 A CN201110095250 A CN 201110095250A CN 102733843 A CN102733843 A CN 102733843A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and an experiment system for simulating a tunneling gas migration rule of a coal mine, aiming at providing a theory basis for safely and fast discharging gas. The invention discloses the method and the experiment system for simulating tunneling gas migration rule, firstly the tunneling experiment system is built, and then gas migration rules under turbulent jet action can be deeply explored by using orientated and quantitative methods under semi-closed condition, wherein the qualitative method is of non-contact measurement, qualitative analysis is conducted on the basis of not interfering flow field running characteristic, and the analysis result can be used as a basis of sensor arrangement in quantitative experiments. The quantitative method comprises the steps of arranging various sensors through multifunctional operation holes on a tunnel model, and exploring the tunneling gas migration rules through data analysis. The method and the experiment system can provide theory and data bases for fan control strategy under the normal ventilation and gas emission condition of tunnels, and also can provide guidance for preventing the gas explosion accidents in the tunnels.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mine ventilation engineering research field, relate in particular to the method and the experimental system of the migration rule of methane gas in the digging laneway of simulation colliery.
Background technology
The digging laneway majority is positioned at the new development section in coal seam, and gas emission is big, ineffectively will cause methane accumulation to reach explosion ratio if ventilate; And, must constantly feed fresh wind in order to guarantee faceman's health, improved oxygen concentration naturally; Moreover it is numerous that the development machine tunnel produces the factor of spark, and all easy ignition and blasting is at the gas of demolition point, and is accidents caused.The digging laneway gas control is the emphasis and the difficult point of control of coalmine gas.After the drilling well extraction, still have a large amount of gas to continue to discharge in the coal seam.As long-term work equipment, drawing-off gas is still the Basic Ways that control digging laneway gas density reduces the gas explosion probability.How safety, discharge the technological difficulties that digging laneway gas is the mine ventilation engineering quickly and efficiently, also be to be badly in need of one of problem that solves.
At present, numerical simulation is carried out in the velocity field, thermal field and the PMV field that both at home and abroad the research of digging laneway methane gas migration rule are mainly concentrated on distinguished and admirable rule of the forced confined space of dead face and air-flow.But for the digging laneway aerating Control System Design, distinguished and admirable complexity, the heterogeneity and the tunnel realistic model size of underground atmosphere respectively have characteristic again in the digging laneway, and comprehensive numerical simulation result is rarely seen.In scientific research; Usually solve engineering problem by setting up Mathematical Modeling; But as digging laneway gas shown in the present migration phenomenon has complicacy, non-linear, parameter characteristic such as close coupling each other; Expect the ideal control characteristic, the essence that needs further investigation and profound understanding to study a question, experimental technique is necessary.In view of the Coal Production requirement, be difficult to carry out long-term experiment to the scene.Therefore it is essential setting up experimental system.This is the theoretical foundation that the drawing-off gas system formulates control strategy.
Do not see such experimental facilities in the patent; Deliver " low reynolds number distinguished and admirable in gas come-up mechanism and experimental study thereof " on beam, the Wu Qiangzai " HeiLongJiang Science academy journal " September calendar year 2001; Wherein describe a kind of low reynolds number gas migration analogue experiment installation, comprise model main body, air feed, gas source, gas sample acquisition and wind speed side fixed system four parts composition.This model is mock-up basically, and volume is big, is not suitable for common lab and uses.Wu Nannan delivers " digging laneway gas migrate heterogeneous flow field experimental study " and sets up digging laneway gas migration experimental model at " safety of coal mines " magazine 2010 (2), and guarantees that at a kind of specific industrial and mineral model flows into the self-modeling district.
The present invention takes into full account wall roughness to influence distinguished and admirable and the gas migration, the tunnel model has been carried out thoroughgoing and painstaking consideration, and taken into full account the operability of qualitative experiment and quantitative experiment, design multi-functional operation hole.Be intended to improve authenticity and the reliability and the easy implementation of the gas transport characteristics rule of digging laneway gas in special distinguished and admirable under the simulation experiment study.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiency in the above-mentioned technology; The present invention aims to provide a kind of experimental system that is used to study colliery digging laneway kinetic measurement gas migration rule; In the hope of a true reappearance tunnelling gas gush out, tunnel rib gas is gushed out and migration process and rule under distinctive environment in tunnel and distinguished and admirable effect, thereby theoretical foundation is provided for the drawing-off gas control strategy.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
The present invention has adopted the experimental system of simulation colliery digging laneway gas migration rule, comprises tunnel analogue means, gas gush out source apparatus, data acquisition unit, temperature humidity test and adjusting device, ventilation installation, upper monitoring device.Wherein the tunnel analogue means is the main body of whole experimental system; Gush out source, data acquisition unit, temperature humidity test and adjusting device of gas links to each other with the tunnel analogue means through the multi-functional operation hole, and the air duct of ventilation installation is arranged in wall according to " safety of coal mines " requirement.Blower fan and frequency converter are arranged in outside the tunnel.The signal that data acquisition unit collects gets into the upper monitoring device through data acquisition board.
The invention provides a kind of method of simulating colliery digging laneway gas migration rule, is research object with methane gas in the digging laneway, adopts qualitative, quantitative two kinds of method of testings to study.The qualitative test experimental technique is to set operating mode, utilizes colored search gas simulation gas to gush out, and sets ventilation state, adopts high-speed camera to follow the trail of the migration process of taking gas; The quantitative test experimental technique is to gush out with the gas jar simulation gas of band pressure valve; Ventilation installation simulation tunnel local ventilation; Arrange humidity temperature pickup, dynamic firedamp sensor of multiple spot and air velocity transducer hot line cooperate data acquisition board, analyze distinguished and admirable of tunnel and gas density field through upper monitoring; Thereby find out tunnel gas migration rule, for the formulation of colliery digging laneway drawing-off gas system control strategy provides strong theory and data basis.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the experimental system of simulation colliery digging laneway gas migration rule;
Fig. 2 is the simulation digging laneway sectional view of experimental system;
Fig. 3 is a multi-functional operation pore structure sketch map on the simulation tunnel.
The specific embodiment
The objective of the invention is: under the multiple physical field effect; Thereby through considering the transport characteristics of gas under distinguished and admirable field action of gushing out in the real colliery of the influence deterministic simulation digging laneway of wall roughness to distinguished and admirable and the gas characteristics of motion; Simultaneously can detect parameters such as tunnel multiple spot gas density, wind speed; For the gas accident that possibly occur in the digging laneway of quantitative study colliery provides accurately, reliable experimental evidence, and be the foundation that digging laneway drawing-off gas system provides control strategy.
Shown in accompanying drawing 1; The experimental system of the simulation colliery digging laneway gas migration rule that the present invention relates to comprises tunnel analogue means 1, gas gush out source apparatus 2, data acquisition unit 3, temperature humidity test and adjusting device 4, ventilation installation 5, upper monitoring device 6.Wherein tunnel analogue means 1 is the main body of whole experimental system; Gush out source apparatus 2, data acquisition unit 3, temperature humidity test and adjusting device 4 of gas links to each other with tunnel analogue means 1 through multi-functional operation hole 7, and the air duct 13 of ventilation installation 5 is arranged in the wall in tunnel 12 according to " safety of coal mines " requirement.Blower fan 8 is arranged in outside the tunnel 12 with frequency converter 9.The signal that data acquisition unit collects gets into the upper monitoring device through data acquisition board.
Simulation tunnel device 1 has inside surface roughness tightness glass fiber reinforced plastic by 15mm and constitutes, and comprises arch wall and base plane, and its cross sectional shape and length are shown in accompanying drawing 2.The two is fixed through screw, and seals with seal washer.Wherein, The experimental system of simulation colliery digging laneway gas migration rule is based on experimental aerodynamics basic theories and method, and the utilization similarity theory is described out with the actual physics characteristic of actual digging laneway; Simplify through similarity criterion, adopt suitable means to realize.
The basis of the theory of similarity is the linear transformation or the similarity transformation of physical quantity.The similar respective physical amount of all corresponding instantaneous on corresponding points sign phenomenons that is meant of physical phenomenon all keeps fixing separately proportionate relationship.Generally speaking, have only and keep geometric similarity, kinematic similitude, dynamic similarity, thermodynamic similarity and quality is similar can guarantee that just two flow fields are similar fully.
Shown in accompanying drawing 2, according to the size of similarity principle design tunnel model, long 30 meters of actual tunnel model, wide 4.2 meters, wall is high 2.4 meters, 2.1 meters of semicircle sagitta.Boring head 10-15 rice in the air duct air outlet, 0.5 meter of actual air duct diameter, 20 meters of length; By the 10:1 ratio that contracts, long 3 meters, wide 0.42 meter; Wall is high 0.24 meter, 0.21 meter of semicircle sagitta, 0.05 meter of air duct diameter; 2 meters of air duct length, air duct air outlet is apart from 1 meter of boring head, tunnel actual wind speed 0.25-4 meter per second.Must guarantee model Reynolds number
.Calculate Reynolds number according to
.Wherein
lBe the excavated section characteristic length,
Distinguished and admirable flow velocity,
Be air movement viscosity.The relation of air movement viscosity and temperature: formula
; When temperature is 20 degrees centigrade
, when temperature is 0 degree centigrade
.
Since the resistance of roughness convection cell and fluid different shape be formed with important influence.Therefore, the tunnel experimental model need be considered roughness.The tolerance of roughness has dual mode; A kind of is absolute roughness
, the i.e. absolute value of body surface particle.Another kind is a relative roughness; Suppose that caliber is
, the formula of its relative roughness is:
Relative roughness is the good tolerance of gauging surface coarse particles to the wind field influence.In the design of experimental model roughness, according to typical tunnel rough surface situation, calculate its relative roughness, according to this inwall relative roughness of contrived experiment model.In reality, 10 centimetres of the coarse average heights of typical tunnel vault, the coarse average height of wall is 5 centimetres, long 30 meters of actual tunnel model, wide 4.2 meters, wall is high 2.4 meters, 2.1 meters of semicircle sagitta.Then the relative roughness of vault is 0.047, and the wall relative roughness is 0.0208.When making experimental model, its inwall according to normal distribution, is simulated the coal cinder exposed surface with the pyrometric cone model, gives prominence to the height of average wall with the altitude simulation coal cinder of pyrometric cone.
Array distribution multi-functional operation hole 7 on the wall of tunnel analogue means 1.The elevation of handle hole 7 and lateral view are seen accompanying drawing 3; Handle hole 7 is arranged on the stainless steel base 19 on the wall of tunnel; Around handle hole 7, be surrounded with groove 18, wherein the size of handle hole 7 is a foundation with lead that can the placement needs, and reference dimension is diameter 0.01m.Handle hole 7 can be used for gas permeation, FUSION WITH MULTISENSOR DETECTION, Video Camera probe and lighting apparatus as required.If need not, available only nut sealing.The transparent windows 16 of 3 0.05m*0.05m of arch wall top design is convenient to qualitative observation and is taken the migration process of gas.Prolong effect for not influencing the distinguished and admirable characteristic in tunnel and producing the tunnel, the air intake one side design two ends similar with actual tunnel prolong baffle plate 11.This baffle plate 11 can be combined through the hinge and the wall of scalable fixed angle equally.
Gush out source apparatus 2 of gas adopts the gas jar of several band pressure valve 10; There is methane gas in the gas jar; Thereby regulate the speed of gushing out of gas flow control gas through pressure valve 10; Also can in the gas jar, place coal sample, coal sample discharges methane gas under the effect of axially certain and radial pressure and uniform temperature.The handle hole 7 of gas links to each other with gas jar delivery outlet and with seal washer sealing, is used to simulate tunnelling gush out situation and the wall gas of gas of meeting head on and gushes out.Normal ventilation and gas exceeding limit that gas is gushed out when not transfiniting are gushed out drawing-off gas either way in simulation context.
Temperature humidity test and adjusting device 4 operating mode as required dispose corresponding temperature humidity.Each operating mode realizes through control laboratory temperature, humidity among the present invention.Temperature Humidity Sensor is arranged in wall through multi-functional operation hole 7 equally.
The effect of ventilation installation 5 is the different flowing gas states of simulation.Described ventilation installation 5 comprises the air duct 13 of adjustable in length, centrifugal fan 8 and frequency converter 9.Draft type is forced.Wherein the air duct standard configuration is 2 meters, can regulate length as required.Circular, square, the sharp mouth type of air duct air outlet configuration is selected as required.The rotating speed of Frequency Converter Control blower motor can be set as required.
Upper monitoring device 6 accomplishes collection to each sensor signal, handles and shows, and draw that various operating modes, various gas are gushed out, various wind speed and variously go out gas transport conditions curve under the sealing mode, thereby exploration gas migration rule.Through simulating gas migration rule under the various ambient conditionss, and ventilate for digging laneway is normal with the drawing-off gas situation under the blower fan control strategy theory and data foundation are provided.For gas explosion accident in the prevention digging laneway provides guidance.
According to above-mentioned experimental system, the present invention provides a kind of method of simulating colliery digging laneway gas transport characteristics, and its concrete steps are following:
1. before the migration process of simulation digging laneway gas, test preparation accordingly:
Set the humiture of requirement of experiment through temperature humidity adjusting device 4; Gush out and discharge the gush out speed and the flow of gas in the source through regulating pressure control gas, confirm suitable experiment condition, guarantee the accuracy and the reliability of experimentation and experimental data.In order to simulate Minepit environment, choose different working conditions simultaneously, through the different humitures that temperature humidity is tested and adjusting device 4 is given provisioning request.Wherein distinguished and admirable flow velocity is given must to guarantee model Reynolds number
;
2. after experiment is ready to complete, begin the transport characteristics simulation process, simulation process mainly is divided into two parts:
(1) step of qualitative test digging laneway gas migration process:
1, colored search gas is chosen
Preferably, can in the gas that coal sample discharges, add colored search gas,, behind setting pressure release gas, discharge thereby can simulate gas such as colored smoke according to the aerodynamic theory of similarity.Because actual gas has certain initial velocity when gushing out, so requirement of experiment discharges the gas of a period of time earlier;
2, do not start earlier ventilation installation 5 this moment, observe gas migration process and rule;
3, observation finishes, and starts ventilation installation 5 then, selects a kind of air outlet simultaneously, and given wind speed makes the methane gas setting in motion;
4, the high speed Video Camera in the data acquisition unit 3 starts;
Be arranged in the high speed Video Camera in the multi-functional operation hole 7 on the wall through startup, whole process writes down the migration process of gas in the tunnel, and carries out data monitoring, collection and processing through monitoring system;
5, after experiment is accomplished, make the colored smoke emptying to test next time.
Next carry out the quantitative test of gas transport characteristics, can foundation be provided for the adjustment of firedamp sensor 14 and air velocity transducer 15 installation sites in the qualitative test experiment through quantitative test.
(2) step of quantitative test digging laneway gas migration rule is:
1, the line data collection of going forward side by side of gas and air velocity transducer is installed:
Thereby firedamp sensor 14 and air velocity transducer 15 are installed through using multioperation hole 7 multiple spot on the wall in simulation tunnel 1; Wherein firedamp sensor 14 can be distributed in top, tunnel, middle part and bottom, tunnel, and air velocity transducer 15 is placed on the wall middle part according to demand;
2, the given gas source 2 that gushes out
Regulate the gas pressure valve 10 in source 2 of gushing out, the initial velocity that given gas boring head gas is gushed out and gushed out with wall gas;
3, do not start ventilation installation 5 earlier this moment, in the simulation tunnel of having considered wall and vault roughness, measure each point gas density distribution situation, the automatic migration rule of record gas in real time;
4, start ventilation installation 5 then, and select a kind of air outlet, given wind speed makes the methane gas setting in motion;
5, transfer of data and monitoring are handled
Through data acquisition unit 3 data that collect are stored, handle and demonstration, thereby can show digging laneway gas migration rule quantitatively;
6, experiment is accomplished
For safety, after experiment is accomplished, be with the methane gas emptying.
This experimental model and gas migration method of testing also can be used for the experimental study of aspects such as industrial harmful gas leakage.
Claims (10)
1. a method of simulating colliery digging laneway gas migration rule is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) sets operating mode: the humiture of setting requirement of experiment through the temperature humidity adjusting device; Gush out and store the gush out speed and the flow of gas in the source through regulating pressure control gas, confirm suitable experiment condition;
(2) qualitative observation: do not start earlier ventilation installation, observe gas migration process and rule; After finishing, observation starts ventilation installation; Select a kind of air outlet and given wind speed simultaneously, make the methane gas setting in motion, through starting the high speed Video Camera; Whole process writes down the migration process of gas in the tunnel, and carries out data monitoring, collection and processing through monitoring system;
(3) quantitative analysis: the line data collection of going forward side by side of gas and wind speed sensing is installed; Regulate the gas pressure valve in source of gushing out; The initial velocity that given gas boring head gas is gushed out and wall gas is gushed out; Do not start earlier ventilation installation; In the simulation tunnel of having considered wall and vault relative roughness, measure each point gas density distribution situation in real time, the automatic migration rule of record gas; Start ventilation installation then, and select a kind of air outlet and given wind speed, make the methane gas setting in motion; Through data acquisition unit the data that collect are stored, handle and demonstration, thereby can show the migration rule of gas in digging laneway quantitatively; After experiment is accomplished, be with the methane gas emptying.
2. the method for simulation according to claim 1 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule is characterized in that also can in the gas jar, placing coal sample, and coal sample discharges methane gas under the effect of axially certain and radial pressure and uniform temperature.
3. the method for simulation according to claim 1 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule is characterized in that in the gas that from said gas is gushed out the source, discharges, adding colored search gas.
4. the method for simulation according to claim 1 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule; It is characterized in that; Thereby firedamp sensor and air velocity transducer are installed through using a plurality of handle holes multiple spot on the wall in simulation tunnel; Wherein firedamp sensor can be distributed in top, tunnel, middle part and bottom, tunnel, and air velocity transducer is placed on the wall middle part according to demand, and said high speed Video Camera is arranged in the multi-functional operation hole on the wall.
5. the method for simulation according to claim 1 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule is characterized in that the formula of said relative roughness is:
; And said wall relative roughness is set at 0.0208, and said vault relative roughness is set at 0.047;
A kind of experimental system of simulating colliery digging laneway gas migration rule comprises tunnel analogue means, gas gush out source apparatus, data acquisition unit, temperature humidity test and adjusting device, ventilation installation, upper monitoring device; It is characterized in that wherein the tunnel analogue means is the main body of whole experimental system, gush out source, data acquisition unit, temperature humidity test and adjusting device of gas links to each other with the tunnel analogue means through the multi-functional operation hole; The air duct of ventilation installation is arranged in wall, and the blower fan of ventilation installation and frequency converter are arranged in outside the tunnel; The signal that data acquisition unit collects gets into the upper monitoring device through data acquisition board.
6. the experimental system of simulation according to claim 6 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule; It is characterized in that said simulation tunnel device is made up of the tightness glass fiber reinforced plastic that 15mm has the inner surface relative roughness; Comprise arch wall and base plane; The two is fixed through screw, and seals with seal washer.
7. the experimental system of simulation according to claim 6 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule; It is characterized in that said multi-functional operation hole array distribution on the wall of tunnel analogue means; The size of handle hole is a foundation with the lead that can placement needs, and reference dimension is diameter 0.01m.
8. the experimental system of simulation according to claim 6 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule is characterized in that the formula of said relative roughness is:
9. the experimental system of simulation according to claim 6 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule is characterized in that said data acquisition unit comprises firedamp sensor, air velocity transducer and IMAQ sensor.
10. the experimental system of simulation according to claim 7 colliery digging laneway gas migration rule; It is characterized in that said firedamp sensor adopts optical fiber gas sensor; Said air velocity transducer adopts hot line, and said image collecting device can be high-speed photography equipment and lighting apparatus;
Wherein firedamp sensor and air velocity transducer are arranged in wall through the multi-functional operation hole, and can carry out the multiple spot configuration according to demand.
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