CN102730634A - 阳光催化分解水制取氢气的方法 - Google Patents

阳光催化分解水制取氢气的方法 Download PDF

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CN102730634A
CN102730634A CN201110093527XA CN201110093527A CN102730634A CN 102730634 A CN102730634 A CN 102730634A CN 201110093527X A CN201110093527X A CN 201110093527XA CN 201110093527 A CN201110093527 A CN 201110093527A CN 102730634 A CN102730634 A CN 102730634A
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water
hydrogen
sunlight
polyaniline
nickel
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陈正炎
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

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Abstract

一种阳光催化分解水制取氢气的方法,是用聚苯胺作为催化剂,用阳光照射混合在聚苯胺中的水,在阳光和聚苯胺催化剂的共同作用下,使水分解成氢气和氧气。

Description

阳光催化分解水制取氢气的方法
技术领域:阳光催化分解水制取氢气的方法,属新能源领域。
背景技术:能源问题是一个世界性的问题。石油,煤炭,天然气总有枯竭的一天。新能源中核能的利用,由于几次核电厂事故使人们谈“核”色变。太阳能是可再生能源,能量巨大,氢气是一种理想的能源载体,氢气燃烧不会对环境造成污染,利用太阳光催化分解水制取氢气是从长远角度解决人类能源问题和环境问题的重要途径。
自然界不存在氢气,必须用人工的方法制取氢气。人们最早从水中制取氢气的方法是电解,这是个非常成功的方法。然而,用电解的方法制取氢气的成本太高,这主要是电的来源是用煤,用油,用天然气以及水力发电,这种方法产生的电成本是很高的。近几年国外用太阳能发电,直接电解水制取氢气。虽然电解水的费用是降低了,但太阳能发电的成本非常高。从水中制取氢气最好的方法是利用太阳光直接照射水,在催化剂的作用下,直接将水变成氢气和氧气是最好的方法。因为太阳光是取之不尽的,水是用之不竭的。
为此,发明一种利用太阳光直接照射水制取氢气的方法,是十分必要的。本发明的目的是这样实现的。
发明内容:阳光催化分解水制取氢气的方法,其特征在于:
做一个透明的容器,容器用透光玻璃制成形状为半球形,半球形玻璃可以使太阳光通过,底部是一个用镍板做的一个与球形玻璃的圆板,圆板与球形玻璃密封。在镍板的上面放一层聚苯胺和水的混合物,聚苯胺是可导电的塑料,具有半导体的性能,禁带能约3.0eV,与TiO2的能带电压相仿。为此,聚苯胺可以成为阳光分解水的催化剂,而且这种催化剂是廉价的。聚苯胺具有质子交换和氧化还原的能力,聚苯胺可以吸附水蒸气,聚苯胺结构中的π电子具有离域能力。从化学热力学讲,水作为一种化合物是非常稳定的,要使水分解成氢气和氧气是一个消耗能量极大的反应。由于热力学平衡的影响,采用热催化方法很难实现。然而,水作为电解质又是极不稳定的,根据计算,在电解池中将一个水分子电解为H和O仅需要1.23eV。为此,在阳光照射到含水的聚苯胺混合物时,聚苯胺分子中的共轭结构使π电子体系增大,电子离域性增强,可移动范围增大。当共轭结构够大时,化合物既可以提供自由电子,质子化优先发生在分子链的亚胺氮分子上生成氢质子(H+)而产生高活性的电子一空穴对,空穴具有很强的氧化性,电子具有很强的还原性,水在这种电子一空穴的作用下,发生电离生成H2和O2
具体实施方式:
实施例:
做一个¢30cm镍板,一个¢30cm的壁厚为2mm半球形玻璃罩,将玻璃罩与镍板粘合上,加入200g聚苯胺粉末和100g纯水混合物,将玻璃罩抽真空至1000帕,用200W氙灯作为光源,用滤光片除去紫外线部分,经过30分钟照射后容器内真空度下降,将容器内气体取出,点燃说明有氢气存在。

Claims (1)

1.阳光催化分解水制取氢气的方法,其特征在于:
做一个¢30cm,厚度为5mm,材料为纯镍的圆板;用透光玻璃做一个直径为¢30cm,厚度为2mm的半球形玻璃罩,将玻璃罩与镍圆板粘接密封;在镍板上放置300g聚苯胺加100g水的混合物,在镍板上钻一¢6mm的孔,焊接一根¢6mm,壁厚0.5mm,长100mm的纯铜管,用抽真空机抽真空至1000帕后密封;用阳光照射,在阳光照射处加一个滤光片,除去紫外线部分。
CN201110093527XA 2011-04-14 2011-04-14 阳光催化分解水制取氢气的方法 Pending CN102730634A (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101157044A (zh) * 2007-10-16 2008-04-09 西安交通大学 Ni掺杂Cd0.1Zn0.9S微米球光催化剂及制备方法
CN101629300A (zh) * 2009-05-21 2010-01-20 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种光催化燃料电池分解水直接分离制氢的方法
CN101838818A (zh) * 2009-12-07 2010-09-22 耿世达 一种利用太阳能分解水制氢的纳米电极及其制备方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101157044A (zh) * 2007-10-16 2008-04-09 西安交通大学 Ni掺杂Cd0.1Zn0.9S微米球光催化剂及制备方法
CN101629300A (zh) * 2009-05-21 2010-01-20 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种光催化燃料电池分解水直接分离制氢的方法
CN101838818A (zh) * 2009-12-07 2010-09-22 耿世达 一种利用太阳能分解水制氢的纳米电极及其制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
JIANHONG WEI ET AL.: "Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of polyaniline–TiO2 composites with bionic nanopapilla structure", 《J. NANOPART. RES.》 *

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Application publication date: 20121017