CN102725588B - Method and arrangement for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
Method and arrangement for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN102725588B CN102725588B CN201080050980.6A CN201080050980A CN102725588B CN 102725588 B CN102725588 B CN 102725588B CN 201080050980 A CN201080050980 A CN 201080050980A CN 102725588 B CN102725588 B CN 102725588B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 155
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The invention is specifically concerned on feeding fine, light and/or moist fuel into the boiler. The method and apparatus for feeding light, fine, volatile and/or moist fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler is based on collecting circulating bed material to a return flow and introducing the return flow into communication with the fuel being introduced in the furnace (12) so that the bed material return flow and the fuel are mixed together and flow downwards in the furnace (12) for increasing the residence time of the fuel in the furnace (12).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus for supplying fuel in CFBB.The present invention relates to particularly and meticulous, the volatile and/or moistening fuel of lightweight being supplied in boiler.
Background technology
CFBB (CFB) generally include have bottom, the combustion chamber of sidewall and furnace roof and at least one connect into the particle separator be communicated with that to flow with the top of described combustion chamber.At least some wall of the bottom of combustion chamber can be tilt, make the cross section of combustion chamber increase in upward direction-namely the part with inclined wall of combustion chamber can be called as bottom polymerization.In practice, the furnace roof of boiler and all walls and separator all comprise water pipe, to collect heat from combustion chamber.The bottom of combustion chamber is provided with grid, and described grid is used for burning or suspension or fluidizing gas to introduce described combustion chamber, and for removing cigarette ash or other residues from described combustion chamber.The sidewall of combustion chamber is provided with the device for fuel being introduced described combustion chamber and is used for auxiliary air to introduce the device of described combustion chamber.Described combustion chamber is also equipped with the device for supplying the inert bed material being generally sand.
Particle separator enters described separator flue gas-solids suspension from the top by combustion chamber isolates solid particle.Isolated solid recycles go back to the bottom of combustion chamber by the recycling pipe of the air locking comprising such as lip ring, and the object of described air locking prevents gas from flowing to separator via described recycling pipe from combustion chamber.Thus, at least need another opening to introduce solid in the wall of combustion chamber.This solid circulation is called outer circulation.Except the vertical upper reaches of the flue gas-solids suspension finally entered in the combustion chamber of separator inlet, also have the wall of particle near combustion chamber and flow straight down.This solid circulation is called as Inner eycle.
Very commonly, to circulate or both are associated with in or beyond solid material, fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers is arranged to from the bed transfer of heat of fluidised particulate solid to hot transmission medium.This heat exchanger chambers can be positioned on the inside of the combustion chamber of CFBB and at least one wall of contiguous combustion chamber.The optimum position of this heat exchanger chambers is the bottom of contiguous combustion chamber, and described in this position, chamber and inclined wall are integrally formed.Fluidized bed exchanger also can be arranged in outer circulation, makes the solid leaving solid separator on the path that they turn back to described combustion chamber, be discharged into heat exchange chamber indoor (being seen in the prior art as Fig. 1).The inside of heat exchanger chambers is provided with heat-exchange device, so that heat is sent to the hot transmission medium flowed in described heat-exchange device from solid material.
In the meticulous and/or moistening fuel of lightweight-such as refining coal dust or coal slime or sawdust or meticulous brown coal are different at two, there is problem.The low-density of lightweight and fine particle size fuel to be easily mixed in fluidizing gas and to rise fast, combustion process several meters of above grid are started, therefore most of fuel burns on the top of combustion chamber in lower bed zonal combustion only a small amount of fuel, thus is not enough to bed temperature to remain on enough levels.Especially under low load conditions this can cause that bed temperature is too low and combustion chamber upper temp is higher, thus the discharge of boiler and loading rate can be caused to go wrong.
In a similar fashion, due to different in a way, the use of moistening fuel can cause similar problem.Although moistening fuel may be too light, the drying of described moistening fuel needs a period of time, and this makes described fuel again lighten, although described fuel becomes dry and can not light, it can be fluidized gas lift to top, combustion chamber.When the final sufficiently dry of fuel and light and final burned time, may not have enough ignitable fuels in lower bed region, therefore bed temperature may step-down and cause problem described above again.
Further problem fuel type is the fuel in most of the cases comprising volatile component and a small amount of solid carbon.Described volatile component forms such as CO, CH at closely fuel supply opening part
4, H
2deng inflammable gas, described inflammable gas is after this along with fluidizing gas moves up.This upwards flowing forms gas column, because the formation oxygen of described gas column can not fast and effectively mix, thus cause gas to burn on the top of combustion chamber.
Usually via the one or more openings in the wall of combustion chamber, fuel is introduced in combustion chamber.Depend on the type of fuel, fuel is as Fuel-air suspension-namely pneumatically or with screw feeder or some other mechanical feeding device be supplied in proportion in combustion chamber.Usually, fuel openings is positioned at (polymerization) bottom of the wall of combustion chamber.
Also introduced in described combustion chamber by the one or more openings the wall of combustion chamber from outer circulation-is namely direct from separator or via the solid that fluidized bed exchanger enters combustion chamber.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to guarantee that meticulous, the volatile and/or moistening fuel of lightweight has the sufficient time of staying, so that fuel dry and/or burning thus make whole Fuel Process be optimized in the lower bed region of combustion chamber.According to the present invention, increase the time of staying of fuel in lower bed region by postponing fuel to the movement in top bed region, the delay of described movement is by the fuel flowed towards lower bed region from inner and/or outer circulation and solid being carried out combining realizing.
Another object of the present invention is that therefore oxygen is than more effectively contacting fuel gas in the past and burning in the bottom of combustion chamber by be incorporated into by circulation fluidized bed material in gas column thus to break described gas column and increase turbulent flow to prevent the post upwards flowed forming fuel gas at fuel supply overthe openings.
Illustrative fuel and the some documents mixed returning a material are known by prior art.
Such as, known, before fuel-solid mixture is supplied in boiler, moistening fuel and bed material are introduced independently in blender/type dryer.American documentation literature 4529911,4690076 and 5419267 has set forth the various alternatives of independent mixer/drier.But described independent mixer/dryer unit adds the cost of investment/construction phase and operation phase and forms another equipment needing special maintenance.
Also known, as what set forth in such as US4442795, supply the fuel to the outer circulation between particle separator and combustion chamber.
But, above-mentioned patent document or do not solve the problem, if or solve (moistening fuel), but they make to need to arrange very complicated individual particles drier in the outside of boiler.
Another object of the present invention proposes the volatile and/or moistening supply of fuel of the above-mentioned meticulous lightweight related in CFBB and several alternatives of combustion problem.
All alternatives all based on supplying fuel in a combustion chamber, thus by improving fuel and the hot transport process improved mixing between circulation hot bed material between described fuel and recirculated solids.
First preferred embodiment of the present invention based on: collect the bed material that the wall along combustion chamber flows downward, to supply described bed material at the top entering fuel with closely knit form.
Second preferred embodiment of the present invention based on: the supply of the recycled materials from outer circulation is arranged to fuel supply top carry out.
3rd preferred embodiment of the present invention based on: fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers is arranged to entering the top discharge bed flow of material of fuel.
4th preferred embodiment of the present invention based on: bed flow of material is arranged to introduce described bed flow of material at the top entering fuel from solid separator or from the outlet of external heat heat exchanger chambers.
5th preferred embodiment of the present invention based on the outside flow measurement of bed material temporarily being taken to combustion chamber from Inner eycle, and the flow of material of taking out of is arranged to before fuel enters described combustion chamber with described fluid communication.
Other features of method and apparatus of the present invention can be seen in the following claims.
By the present invention, with supplying fuel to simple in the combustion chamber of CFBB and effective mode solves at least that some relates to meticulous, lightweight, the supply of volatile and/or moistening fuel in CFBB and the problem of burning.Such as, do not need design and build the dry chamber in outside commonly known in the art moistening fuel is dry.In addition, also eliminate the need the needs pulverized fuel of lightweight and the bed material of heat being carried out mixing in independent mixing chamber.
When meticulous, the volatile and/or moistening fuel of lightweight is burned, the present invention can make bed temperature keep higher (even in the bottom of combustion chamber).When tending to when causing bed temperature due to natural cause reduce, also especially obvious for this point of lower boiler load.Compared with the layout of prior art, when coming into operation, the present invention realizes following advantages:
Moistening fuel starts drying quickly,
Drying fuel is lighted quickly and is burnt
Taken to downwards on bed by more a high proportion of lightweight fine fuel, therefore even under low load condition, bed temperature becomes higher or remains on acceptable level,
The fuel be burning is mixed the temperature by increasing solids flux with the recirculated solids of high density flux, it by the bottom of heat transfer to combustion chamber, thus can increase bed temperature subsequently further,
The fuel be burning is mixed with recirculated solids and also improves fuel and mix with the side direction of fuel gas, this will improve the burning of bottom, combustion chamber further and will cause evenly burning and in side direction evenly heat flux distribution, and
Fuel feeding member can be arranged in the higher position on the wall of combustion chamber, therefore makes back pressure less.
Latter two advantage is not only for lightweight and meticulous fuel but also all applicable to all types of fuel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Method and apparatus of the present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawing afterwards,
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the CFBB of prior art,
Fig. 2 a is the front schematic view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 2 b is the side schematic view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the 3rd preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the 4th preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 6 a to 6c is the schematic diagram of some alternatives of the 5th preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 schematically shows the CFBB of prior art.Boiler 10 comprises the combustion chamber 12 with wall 32 vertical substantially, in the upper end of described combustion chamber 12 thus for flue gas and SS being sent into the discharge-channel 14 of solid separator 16, be arranged in the upper end of described solid separator 16 thus the passage 18 of being discharged by the purifying exhaust gas from described solid separator 16, for making the recycling pipe 20 turning back to the lower end at described solid separator 16 of the bottom of described combustion chamber 12 at least partially of isolated solid, being respectively used to introduce of the fuel supply system 22 being arranged in sidewall 32 place of described combustion chamber and the bottom place being arranged in described combustion chamber 12 is advocated peace the device 24 and 26 of auxiliary air.Described fuel supply system can comprise screw feeder, sagging vertical tube (drop leg), pneumatic feeding device, only lists several alternative above.Primary air 24 is the primary combustion gas also for making bed material fluidized, and is supplied in described combustion chamber 12 through the grid of the bottom being arranged in combustion chamber 12 thus.Assist gas 26 is introduced into combustion chamber 12 through the sidewall 32 of the described combustion chamber 12 of a little higher than described grid.Aeroembolism 28 is furnished with, to stop gas to flow into solid separator 16 from combustion chamber 12 by described recycling pipe 20 in recycling pipe 20.At this, recycling pipe 20 is provided with fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers 30 further to collect heat to hot transmission medium from recirculated solids.The sidewall 32 of boiler 10 and the sidewall of solid separator generally include water pipe water is used as hot transmission medium.
Fig. 2 a and 2b shows the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is shown the lower end of combustion chamber, and the sloped sidewall 32 of wherein said combustion chamber is provided with two fuel supply systems.The inner surface of the sidewall 32 of boiler 10 is provided with two oriented plates 34 above each fuel supply system 22.Guide plate 34 preferably but be not must be made up of refractory material, and be fastened to and sidewall 32 make they and described wall 32 at a right angle substantially and tilt towards fuel supply system, in fact, described fuel supply system can be expressed as the opening 36 in wall 32.Have gap between the lower end of described guide plate 34, this gap preferably corresponds to the diameter of fuel supply opening 36.The object of guide plate 34 is collected bed material that solid-namely flows down along the wall 32 of boiler 10 and makes the bed flow of material of flowing above fuel supply opening 36 become closely knit.Because closely knit bed material flows at the top of fuel supply system, it drives at least part of fuel to flow downward and fuel is mixed in the bottom of combustion chamber 12 with actual bed material.Except guide plate 34, Fig. 2 a and 2b be fastened on the wall 32 of combustion chamber also show the lid 38 for fuel supply opening 36 as another additional features.The object of lid 38 is: the wall 32 along combustion chamber 12 guides the fuel of supply downwards, and it is current towards the bottom of described combustion chamber 12 to be convenient to fuel thus.Another object of described lid is: form a kind of curtain at fuel and combustion chamber between the turbulent bed material compared with depths, make fuel as much as possible to flow on grid downwards.Preferably, guide plate 34 is provided with extension 34 ＇ vertical substantially along the side of lid 38, make described extension 34 ＇ as shown in by arrow F and B from as described in enter the fuel F of combustion chamber below lid 38 top guide bed flow of material B.These extensions further improve solid curtain in the formation of flow in fuel in the face of the side of combustion chamber.Thus, on the one hand, if fuel is moistening, because the fuel time of staying at the bottom place in combustion chamber extends, so there is the more time make fuel dry thus make burning can occur in bed region, or on the other hand, if fuel lightweight is volatile and/or meticulous, so compared with the fuel-supplying unit of prior art, fuel has the lower combustion of more time in combustion chamber, fuel is introduced combustion chamber by a certain distance in described prior art equipment above grid, fluid bed fuel being entered move up and be carried to the top of combustion chamber rapidly.The result of two alternatives is: fuel burns in the lower of combustion chamber, and therefore in combustion chamber, the temperature of the bed material of lower is enhanced.
About guide plate 34 and 34 ' size, its basic size depends on the size of combustion chamber on the one hand, and depends on the performance of a material on the other hand.Under normal circumstances, the height (the outwardly measurement from the wall of combustion chamber) of guide plate is about 200-500mm, and inclination angle (measuring from horizontal direction) is from about 30 to 70 degree.But if guide plate forms the slideway of bottom circulation fluidized bed material being directed to combustion chamber from such as fluidized bed exchanger, so described guide plate also can be vertical, thus their gradient may in fact in the scope of 30 to 90 degree.In other words, described slideway can not only collect solid circle from fluidized bed exchanger, and can also collect solid circle from the wall of combustion chamber, be therefore understandable that, the sidewall of slideway works in the mode similar with the guide plate 34 discussed above.About lid 38, it can be formed by flat top and two planar side plates as shown in figures 2 a and 2b, but described lid also can follow the shape of the circumference of opening 36, and therefore described lid is twisted plate.Scheme as a further alternative, solid can be incorporated in the width of fuel supply opening 36 by guide plate 34 and 34 ＇ (if use) substantially, but solid also can be incorporated into the region that bigger region-be namely incorporated into extends in the both sides of opening 36 by them, therefore this fuel just guaranteeing to enter combustion chamber from all (freedom) sides by fuel covering-namely form the curtain covered completely.But for some reason, desirably allow fuel more freely to enter combustion chamber, the bed material at fuel top so can be made to supply narrower, therefore fuel can be overflowed from the side of efflux of solids.And last, to be collected by guide plate and the amount of the bed material be introduced at the top of fuel supply can design respectively for often kind of situation.
Fig. 3 schematically shows the second preferred embodiment of the present invention.At this, be recycled in combustion chamber 12 above fuel F from solid separator 16 (see Fig. 1) or from the closely knit efflux of solids B of heat exchanger chambers 30 (see Fig. 1) by solid discharge conduit 20, and fuel F enters combustion chamber by the supply opening in the wall 32 of combustion chamber.Unless recirculated solids forms the lid of similar curtain thus allows fuel unbroken bottom dropping to combustion chamber substantially between fuel and the turbulent bed of depths, combustion chamber, otherwise in above-described mode by fuel be incorporated in combustion chamber from the solid of outer circulation and can guarantee that first fuel mix effectively with recirculated solids.Secondly, fuel-solid mixture or fuel mix with the bottom of bed material in combustion chamber effectively with the solid returned.When considering structural requirement and restriction, solid is introduced conduit 20 and to be formulated for above fuel supply system 22 near-earth location as far as possible.
Certainly, the similar arrangement shown by the embodiment of composition graphs 2a and 2b also can use at this, as the lid of fuel supply opening.In this embodiment, it may be favourable for supplying this lids of aperture arrangement in conjunction with two thus make the flow direction of solid supply and fuel supply be parallel to wall 32 transfer.In this way, the curtain effect of efflux of solids is also ensured.
Fig. 4 schematically shows the 3rd preferred embodiment of the present invention.At this, recirculated solids from Inner eycle collect in conjunction with combustion chamber have a down dip skew wall 32 ＇ arrange slideway or funnel 21.Slideway 21 not only can collect solid from wall 32 ＇ of combustion chamber, also can collect solid from the fluidized bed exchanger being such as arranged in top, combustion chamber.Slideway 21 is preferably arranged to stop at the bottom place near combustion chamber, so as slideway lower surface tilt thus the lower surface of described slideway is parallel with the fuel supply system 22 entering combustion chamber.As supplementary features, installation of slide track has and is parallel to fuel supply system 22 and the guide plate 23 being positioned at the top of described fuel supply system 22, makes described guide plate 23 guide the efflux of solids entering the top of the flow in fuel of combustion chamber.As another alternative, slideway can end at plate 23 and fuel supply opening 36, or more generally fuel supply system can be positioned in wall 32 ＇ below slideway bottom plate 23.In described two kinds of situations, solid curtain suitable on fuel guaranteed by plate 23.Thus, what the operation of slideway 21 and cover plate 23 and the embodiment of composition graphs 2a with 2b were above set forth is substantially identical.And, above mentioned fuel supply system 22 can be only the opening in the inclined wall of slideway 21, can be maybe the pipeline extending into the similar conduit of slideway 21 at a certain distance as shown in Figure 4, can be maybe the opening in wall 32 ＇ of the combustion chamber just in time below slideway 21.
Fig. 5 schematically shows the 4th preferred embodiment of the present invention.As embodiment above, also effectively mix with meticulous volatile and/or lightweight and/or moistening fuel at this solid from Inner eycle, fuel is moved down in a combustion chamber and fuel is mixed with actual bed material.At this, the present invention is the bottom being positioned at this combustion chamber in conjunction with sloped sidewall 32 ＇ of combustion chamber equally.
In this embodiment of the present invention, fuel supply system is the fuel supply opening 40 be arranged in a specific way in wall 32 ＇ of combustion chamber or boiler.This fuel supply opening 40 be arranged in the sloped sidewall 32 ＇ all-in-one-piece of combustion chamber vertically towards passage 42 bottom vertical substantially in.In this particular embodiment, passage 42 is formed by (the being almost vertical) base wall 43 tilted a little and sidewall 46 vertical substantially.In Figure 5, the base wall 43 of passage 42 is depicted as to tilt a little, but described wall 43 also can completely vertically or even more tilt.Solid strip from such as Inner eycle is got back to the bottom of combustion chamber by passage 42 vertical substantially.This structure with the mode similar with embodiment above work independently-namely introduce closely knit efflux of solids at the top of the fuel entering combustion chamber from opening 40.In other words, this substantially U-shaped Vertical Channel can from layout higher levels of fluidized bed exchanger or the Inner eycle from the wall along combustion chamber receive downward efflux of solids in a combustion chamber.Along with the turbulence state in passage obviously dies down, passage 42 can collect solid effectively from the turbulent bed material combustion chamber.The cross section dark substantially of passage forms tranquil cavity, and wherein solid can be used as closely knit stream-namely collect as the stream more closely knit than the Inner eycle on wall 32 ＇ and flow downward.
But in this preferred embodiment, internal fluidized bed heat exchanger chambers 44 is arranged to flow with the sidewall 46 of above-mentioned passage 42 vertical be substantially communicated with.Fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers 44 receives solid by the opening 48 above chamber 44 described in wall 32 ＇ that is arranged in combustion chamber from Inner eycle.The solid entering fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers 44 carrys out fluidisation by the air stream of the bottom 50 through described chamber.In the side of chamber, in fact between fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers 44 and passage 42 vertical substantially, there is the so-called riser 52 described heat exchanger chambers 44 being connected to described Vertical Channel 42.This riser 52 is little chambers, and this chamber has the opening and having in the upper end of counter wall allowing solid to flow into this chamber and allows solid to flow out described lifting tube chamber 52 to flow to opening in passage 42 vertical substantially in its lower end of sidewall in the face of heat exchanger chambers 44.Thus, along the defluent Inner eycle of passage 42 vertical substantially and by riser 52 from heat exchanger chambers 44 flow through the solid that comes all with fuel mix, and force fuel to be moved down into the bottom 54 of passage 42 vertical substantially.
At this, should be understood that all can have fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers 44 in the both sides of passage 42 vertical substantially.In addition, relative to fuel supply opening 40, higher or lower shown in comparable Fig. 5 in position of fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers 44.The sidewall 46 of passage vertical substantially can tilt in a similar fashion, makes described sidewall 46 collect Inner eycle from than region wider shown in Fig. 5.As oriented plate as shown in Figure 2, oriented plate can be arranged in above passage vertical substantially thus to be collected in passage 42 by Inner eycle.Similarly, can supply above opening 40 at fuel and arrange that another opening is to be incorporated into solid from outer circulation passage 42 vertical substantially, wherein said outer circulation is supplied at supplied fuel top.
Thus, the efflux of solids from fluidized bed exchanger is used to be moved down into a region to force fuel when it should be understood that the position that present embodiment is chiefly directed to without the need to considering fluidized bed exchanger.In other words, along passage, the bed material of recirculation can be incorporated into the top of fuel supply from one or more fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers.In its simplest form, fuel supply opening is disposed in the below of the solid outlet of fluid bed heat heat exchanger chambers, therefore non-essential setting independently passage.
Use another advantageous manner of fluidized bed exchanger to relate to there is no outer circulation in practice and Inner eycle is in critical condition time low loading condition.Now, by bed material is introduced heat exchanger (setting forth in more detail in US-B2-7240639) via overflow pipe or accessory channel, if heat exchangers opening is arranged on fuel supply overthe openings, then can discharge particulate on the fuel entered.
Improve as compared with prior art another, fuel solids mixture to be taken to downwards on grid thus fluidisation.According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, vertically towards the bottom 54 of passage 42 be provided with the grid forming so-called fluidisation area, the mixture of fuel and solid is in described fluidisation area place fluidisation, make for D50 particle speed in the scope of 10-20Umf (Umf equals fluidizing velocity per minute), well mix to be formed between fuel with solid material.The vicinity of channel bottom grid has the second grid areas 56 forming so-called low-speed region in a part for the bottom of combustion chamber, at described second grid areas 56 place for D50 particle speed in the scope of 40-50Umf.In this region, material is to be transferred lower than the speed of terminal velocity and to be sprayed onto other parts of combustion chamber, so fuel particle free dry (situation of moistening fuel) fully heating, to start to light and combustion process in the bottom of combustion chamber.First and second grid areas all can be provided with direction nozzle or so-called ladder grid, move along grid to make solid with horizontal direction.Normal grid velocity bands in the outside of this second grid areas 56, at described normal grid velocity band place from the circulation of the fuel in the enough starting chambers of the air-flow below grid and bed material.
This stepped grid speed is arranged and is additionally provided from wall (installing fuel supply system) along grid towards the bottom of combustion chamber and the upwards Inner eycle of the slightly solid material of the fluidized bed exchanger of top along wall and in combustion chamber.This adds increased the amount of solid material, these solid materials move on to fluidisation area and some fuel particle are recycled.
Fig. 6 a to 6c discloses the 5th preferred embodiment of the present invention by three different alternatives.In the layout of Fig. 6 a-6c, general principle is that a part for the Inner eycle that the wall 32 along combustion chamber is flowed downward temporarily flows out combustion chamber 12 as effluent, and guides described effluent for be communicated with flow in fuel before fuel is supplied to combustion chamber 12.
Fig. 6 a discloses the first alternative, some material wherein from Inner eycle IC shifts out described combustion chamber 12 by least one opening 58 in inclined wall 32 ＇ of combustion chamber 12, and be introduced directly in fuel supplying duct 22 along conduit 60, by fuel supply system-such as operation of screw feeder, pneumatic feeding device etc. make a material and fuel effectively admixed together in described conduit 22.
Fig. 6 b discloses the second alternative, wherein some material also shifts out combustion chamber 12 by least one opening 58 in inclined wall 32 ＇ of combustion chamber from Inner eycle IC, and along conduit 60 guide into along described supplying duct 22 towards the fluid communication of Combustor Flows.But in this embodiment, the control piece 62 flowing through ring type seal formula of circulation fluidized bed material controls, the amount of the bed material be incorporated in fuel supply therefore can be regulated.
Fig. 6 c discloses the 3rd alternative, described 3rd alternative closely the second alternative.In fact, the difference uniquely can found out is that fuel is different with recirculation bed material hybrid mode.In the alternative of Fig. 6 b, bed material is introduced in flow in fuel conduit 22, but in bed material conduit 60 ＇ after the control piece 62 that fuel is incorporated into ring type seal formula by flow in fuel conduit 22 in the alternative of Fig. 6 c.
Bed material-the fuel mixture formed as shown in fig. 6a-6c can be directed into and enter combustion chamber, but also can make the supply aperture arrangement of described mixture, in the passage being similar to the alternative shown in Figure 4 and 5, described bed material-fuel mixture be introduced combustion chamber.Can also above composition graphs 2a to 5 set forth embodiment in fuel supply similar mode to process described mixture.In other words, the ingate of described mixture can be provided with the lid for guiding the mixture downwardly grid flowing of combustion chamber, and in combustion chamber (along the wall of combustion chamber or along passage) circulation or some other solids returned in combustion chamber can also be introduced in mixing logistics top thus force mixture downwardly grid move.
Consider description above, should be understood that, illustrate only several most preferred embodiment of the present invention.Thus, it is evident that, above the present invention is not limited only to, disclosed embodiment, on the contrary, can revise the present invention within the scope of the appended claims in several ways.It is to be further understood that can in conjunction with the feature of other embodiments in basic conception of the present invention to apply the feature of the specific embodiment of the present invention or to combine the feature from different embodiment, thus formed effectively and technically feasible structure.
Claims (7)
1. meticulous by lightweight, volatile and/or moistening fuel is supplied to the method in CFBB, flow in fuel is introduced in combustion chamber in the process, fuel burns when there is fluid bed material and forms flue gas in the combustion chamber of boiler (10) (12), fluid bed material not only in Inner eycle in the inner loop of combustion chamber (12), and at least circulated by the solid separator (16) be communicated with that is arranged to flow with combustion chamber (12) in the outer loop of combustion chamber (12)-namely in outer circulation, in described Inner eycle, bed material turns back to the bottom of combustion chamber downwards along the wall of combustion chamber, bed material is separated by from flue gas in separator (16), described flue gas is removed to process further from separator (16), and isolated bed material turns back in the combustion chamber (12) of boiler (10), it is characterized in that, layout have be positioned at described combustion chamber (12) wall (32 ＇) on the passage (21 of sloped sidewall, 42), for by the wall (32 along described combustion chamber, 32 ＇) solid collection that flows downward is to returning in stream, and the described stream that returns is guided into and the fluid communication be introduced in combustion chamber (12) with closely knit form, a material is returned and flows admixed together with flow in fuel and flow downward in combustion chamber (12) thus increase the time of staying of fuel in combustion chamber (12).
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, while being incorporated into by fuel in combustion chamber (12), returns stream described in introducing at the top of flow in fuel.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, returns stream enters combustion chamber (12) flow in fuel to make it cover described in guiding.
4. for meticulous, the volatile and/or moistening fuel of lightweight being supplied to the equipment in CFBB, described boiler (10) comprising: at least by combustion chamber (12) that the grid of sidewall (32), furnace roof and described boiler bottom defines, the solid separator (16) that being arranged to flows with the top of combustion chamber is communicated with, for providing the device (24,26) of primary air and auxiliary air for combustion chamber (12), in separator (16), the device in combustion chamber (12) is turned back to from the isolated solid of flue gas for making, and the fuel supply opening (36 in the sidewall of described combustion chamber (12) (32 ＇), 40), it is for being supplied in combustion chamber (12) by flow in fuel, it is characterized in that, described boiler comprises following apparatus, this device is used for will in combustion chamber (12) inner loop and along the wall (32 of combustion chamber with closely knit form, 32 ＇) guide solids that flows downward becomes with fluid communication to force fuel flow towards grid thus increase the time of staying of fuel in combustion chamber (12) downwards, this device comprises the passage (21 with sloped sidewall, 42) for collecting the wall (32 along described combustion chamber, 32 ＇) solid that flows downward, the wall (32 ＇) of described channel arrangement in described combustion chamber (12) is gone up and is supplied opening (36 at described fuel, 40) top.
5. equipment as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described upper and supply the oriented plate (34) of opening (36) top at described fuel for becoming guide solids to comprise with the device of fluid communication the wall (32 ＇) being arranged in described combustion chamber (12), described guide plate (34) is for collecting the solid that flows downward along described wall (32) and introducing described solid for supplying overthe openings at described fuel.
6. the equipment as described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, except described fuel supply opening (36), described also comprising for the device supplied fuel in described combustion chamber (12) is arranged in described fuel supply opening (36) top will enter the fuel of described combustion chamber (12) downwards towards the lid (38) that the grid of described combustion chamber (12) guides by described opening (36).
7. equipment as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described for becoming to comprise at least one guide plate (34 ＇) being arranged to combine with described lid (38) with the device of fluid communication by guide solids.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20096169 | 2009-11-10 | ||
| FI20096169A FI122040B (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2009-11-10 | Process and arrangement for feeding fuel into a boiler with circulating fluidized beds |
| PCT/FI2010/050862 WO2011058217A1 (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2010-10-29 | Method and arrangement for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102725588A CN102725588A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| CN102725588B true CN102725588B (en) | 2015-03-25 |
Family
ID=41395218
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201080050980.6A Expired - Fee Related CN102725588B (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2010-10-29 | Method and arrangement for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120237883A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2499430A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5490248B2 (en) |
| KR (2) | KR20120078737A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102725588B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2778989C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI122040B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011058217A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102997229B (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2015-07-22 | 江联重工股份有限公司 | Slight fuel accumulation ignition increasing mechanical feeding method |
| US20170356642A1 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-12-14 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Circulating fluidized bed boiler with bottom-supported in-bed heat exchanger |
| PL3535523T3 (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2021-12-06 | Valmet Technologies Oy | A circulating fluidized bed boiler with a loopseal heat exchanger |
| CN107084387B (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2022-08-30 | 清华大学 | Multi-process low-NOx horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler with flue gas back combustion function |
| KR102539819B1 (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2023-06-02 | 스미토모 에스에이치아이 에프더블유 에너지아 오와이 | Apparatus and method for controlling flow of solid particles and fluidized bed reactor |
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| CN101169242A (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-04-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Circulating fluidized bed boiler multiple-point return feeder |
| CN101324333A (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2008-12-17 | 上海交通大学 | Overflow wall for circulating fluid bed boiler flowing closed type return material apparatus |
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| US4955295A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1990-09-11 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Method and system for controlling the backflow sealing efficiency and recycle rate in fluidized bed reactors |
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- 2009-11-10 FI FI20096169A patent/FI122040B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
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- 2010-10-29 KR KR1020127013671A patent/KR20120078737A/en active Application Filing
- 2010-10-29 EP EP10829568A patent/EP2499430A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-10-29 US US13/503,957 patent/US20120237883A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-10-29 WO PCT/FI2010/050862 patent/WO2011058217A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-10-29 CN CN201080050980.6A patent/CN102725588B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-29 JP JP2012538368A patent/JP5490248B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-29 CA CA2778989A patent/CA2778989C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-29 KR KR1020147003380A patent/KR20140025612A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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| CA1261204A (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1989-09-26 | Erwin Wied | Process for operating a fluidized bed burner |
| US5840258A (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1998-11-24 | Foster Wheeler Energia Oy | Method and apparatus for transporting solid particles from one chamber to another chamber |
| CN2461925Y (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2001-11-28 | 王同章 | Recirculating fluidized bed gasification furnace |
| CN101169242A (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-04-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Circulating fluidized bed boiler multiple-point return feeder |
| CN101324333A (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2008-12-17 | 上海交通大学 | Overflow wall for circulating fluid bed boiler flowing closed type return material apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20120078737A (en) | 2012-07-10 |
| FI20096169A (en) | 2011-05-11 |
| KR20140025612A (en) | 2014-03-04 |
| WO2011058217A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
| US20120237883A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
| FI122040B (en) | 2011-07-29 |
| CN102725588A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| EP2499430A1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| JP2013510287A (en) | 2013-03-21 |
| FI20096169A0 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
| JP5490248B2 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
| CA2778989C (en) | 2014-09-30 |
| CA2778989A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
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