CN102719828B - Constant-current intermittent cathodic protection and corrosion acceleration system and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Constant-current intermittent cathodic protection and corrosion acceleration system and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a constant-current rate intermittent cathodic protection and corrosion acceleration system and an implementation method thereof in the field of impressed current cathodic protection technologies and the experimental investigation thereof. The constant-current rate intermittent cathodic protection and corrosion acceleration system performs multiway constant-current output intermittent cathodic protection and corrosion acceleration functions, and a corrosion acceleration system and a cathodic protection system are provided with a common PWM (pulse-width modulation) constant-current control module and PWM single-ended converter. The constant-current rate intermittent cathodic protection and corrosion acceleration system conducts cathodic protection in a constant-current intermittent manner, so the cathodic protection cost is reduced; and meanwhile, the constant-current rate intermittent cathodic protection and corrosion acceleration system also performs a function of conducting corrosion acceleration at a constant-current rate, so the corrosion states of steel bars can be accurately predicted; the constant-current adjustable characteristic of the constant-current rate intermittent cathodic protection and corrosion acceleration system satisfies technological requirements of RC (reinforced concrete) structures with different numbers of steel bars and a impressed current cathodic protection and a common system module is used for providing the two functions, so the cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to impressed current cathodic protection technology and experimental study field thereof, is specially a kind of constant current intermittently galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion system and its implementation.
Background technology
Day by day saturated along with China's transport development in recent decades, increasing old bridge, old harbour and old house architectural structure etc. suffer corrosion damaged because of adverse environment, need badly and carry out repairing and reinforcing and anticorrosion.At present, for Study on Steel tendon concrete structure corrosion failure mechanism often adopts impressed current accelerated corrosion test, between reinforcing bar (as anode) and auxiliary cathode (as titanium net or copper mesh etc.), apply galvanic current, make Cl
-1on the quick anode of hazardous medium (reinforcing bar) surface, gather, thereby then there is concrete structure rust distending and split and corrode damaged in the passivation mask of destruction reinforcing bar; If impose reversible circulation, can make Cl
-1deng harmful ion, toward supplementary anode, move, reducing the chloride ion content of rebar surface and stoping extraneous chlorion is the migration of rebar surface to negative electrode, then realizes impressed current cathodic protection function.Yet because Corrosion developing causes the variation of loaded impedance, general voltage stabilized source can not regulate accordingly and keep accelerated corrosion constant rate, is difficult to Accurate Prediction steel bar corrosion state.Simultaneously; increase along with reinforcement corrosion degree; the required current density of galvanic protection that reinforcing bar reaches polarization also increases thereupon; and general impressed current cathodic protection system does not also have identification to change because of the loaded impedance that the corrosion potential factor such as shuffle causes; when not needing impressed current, still carry out galvanic protection; waste electric energy, reduced economy and the reliability of system.Current this type systematic can not meet the demand of impressed current cathodic protection in reinforced concrete structure accelerated corrosion test and antiseptic project.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention; overcoming exactly existing accelerated corrosion test power-supply system can not carry out accelerated corrosion and meet the deficiency that multichannel skeleton construction test specimen carries out accelerated corrosion test and galvanic protection demand simultaneously with constant rate of speed, discloses the galvanic protection of a kind of continuous current intermittent type and accelerated corrosion system and its implementation.
In order to achieve the above object, adopt following technical scheme:
The galvanic protection of a kind of continuous current intermittent type and accelerated corrosion system; comprise that automatic identification loaded impedance changes and keeps the galvanic protection circuit of constant current interrupted output and automatically identify the accelerated corrosion circuit that loaded impedance changes and keep constant current output; described accelerated corrosion circuit and galvanic protection circuit are provided with shared width modulation single-ended converter and PWM constant-current control module, and accelerated corrosion circuit and galvanic protection circuit switch by handover module.
Further, described width modulation single-ended converter comprises high-frequency output transformer, switch adjustable pipe, sampling feedback resistance and driving circuit; Described driving circuit driving switch adjustable pipe output high-power high-frequency electric current, the high-frequency output transformer being connected with switch adjustable pipe connects an above secondary acquisition one above low pressure high-frequency current in road, and described sampling feedback resistance is for gathering the low-tension current after rectification of high-frequency output transformer output and the constant-current control module to PWM being provided.
Further, described PWM constant-current control module comprises negative-feedback amplifier, pulse width modulator and current regulator, current regulator connects the input terminus of negative-feedback amplifier, negative-feedback amplifier output terminal connects pulse width modulator, by pulse width modulator adjusting pulsewidth, modulate the dutycycle of the switch adjustable pipe of single-ended converter, export adjustable constant current.
Further, described accelerated corrosion circuit also comprises PWM constant-current control module and accelerated corrosion load blocks, and described accelerated corrosion load blocks one end connects the member that is corroded, and the other end connects width modulation single-ended converter.
Further, described in, be corroded and between member and width modulation single-ended converter, be also provided with commutation diode, high frequency filter and the three-terminal regulator block being connected in series.
Further, the galvanic protection circuit of described electric current interrupted output also comprises cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module, it comprises for setting the protection potential setter of the protection potential upper limit, for comparing the hysteresis positive regeeration comparer of reference electrode current potential and protection potential size, for setting the reference electrode variation range setter of protection potential lower limit, and the optical coupler being connected with hysteresis positive regeeration comparator output terminal, described protection potential setter is connected hysteresis positive regeeration comparer with reference electrode variation range setter, by controlling conducting or the cut-off of optical coupler, further control PWM constant-current control module, galvanic protection load blocks ，Qi one end jointed anode, one end connects width modulation single-ended converter, is provided with the commutation diode, high frequency filter and the three-terminal regulator block that are connected in series between two ends.
An implementation method for the galvanic protection of continuous current intermittent type and accelerated corrosion system, comprises that function handover module switches to accelerated corrosion circuit, and the dutycycle of the switch adjustable pipe of PWM constant-current control module adjusting pulsewidth modulation single-ended converter, exports adjustable constant current; Function handover module switches to galvanic protection circuit, and cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module is controlled PWM constant-current control module by current regulator, and then controls width modulation single-ended converter output intermittent current.
Further, the negative-feedback amplifier of described PWM constant-current control module obtains current feedback signal to its inverting input from sampling feedback resistance; The output terminal of negative-feedback amplifier is controlled the dutycycle of pulse width modulator, and the on-off time ratio of the switch adjustable pipe of adjusting pulsewidth modulation single-ended converter, obtains adjustable constant-flow output; The high-frequency output transformer of width modulation single-ended converter connects accelerated corrosion load blocks and obtains low pressure high-frequency current; Low pressure high-frequency current, after rectifies, then by the three-terminal regulator block, high frequency filter, the member that is corroded above that are connected in series successively, obtains an above DC low-voltage constant current output in road.
Further, while switching on power, the optical coupler conducting of cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module, the dutycycle of pulse width modulator raises, and the constant current output of switch adjustable pipe increases, reference electrode current potential rising; Reference electrode current potential rises and surpasses the protection potential upper limit that protection potential setter is set, the upset of hysteresis positive regeeration comparer; After the upset of hysteresis positive regeeration comparer, not conducting of optical coupler, triode is saturated, and the dutycycle of pulse width modulator is minimum, and the constant current output of switch adjustable pipe approaches zero, reference electrode current potential slow decreasing; Reference electrode current potential drops to the protection potential lower limit that reference variation range setter is set, and hysteresis positive regeeration comparer overturns again, the state of cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module recovery when switching on power.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) by changing the on-off time ratio of switch adjustable pipe and connecting a plurality of secondary acquisition multichannel low pressure high-frequency currents at high-frequency output transformer, export, between commutation diode and load, increase three-terminal regulator block and high frequency filter, thereby realize the adjustable Constant Direct Current output of multichannel.Can be used for reinforced concrete structure to carry out constant rate of speed accelerated corrosion test, under simulating natural environment, the steel bar corrosion of concrete structure is damaged, and reduction test period, can predict steel bar corrosion state more accurately, easily.
(2) by adopting hysteresis positive regeeration voltage comparator as potentiometric controller, the switch signal of its output is controlled PWM input terminus, changes its output state, can realize the interrupted output of galvanic protection impressed current.For apply extra electric field under corrosive environment, reinforced concrete structure is carried out to galvanic protection, thereby the galvanic corrosion that electronic migration causes is inhibited, make structure avoid or weaken the generation of corrosion.
(3) width of the best comparison point current potential of being determined by shop experiment and most suitable hysteresis positive regeeration comparer characteristic; can make system in continuous intermittently power-on process; the variation of reference potential is all within the scope of galvanic protection; and the time sufficiently long of power-off, thereby than switching on and save electric energy to greatest extent continuously.According to scene, need to outward current be regulated on a large scale and open circuit voltage is controlled, this adjusting be economical for obtaining under Different field condition, effectively galvanic protection is absolutely necessary.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system chart of continuous current intermittent type of the present invention galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion system;
Fig. 2 is the concrete module frame chart of continuous current intermittent type of the present invention galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion system;
Fig. 3 is width modulation single-ended converter schematic circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is PWM constant-current control module schematic circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module circuit diagram of the present invention.
Diagram: 1-accelerated corrosion circuit; 11-accelerated corrosion load blocks;
2-galvanic protection circuit; 21-cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module; 22-galvanic protection load blocks;
3-common circuit; 31-width modulation single-ended converter; 32PWM constant-current control module;
4-handover module.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.The present invention mainly comprises that automatic identification loaded impedance changes and keeps the galvanic protection circuit 2 of constant current interrupted output, automatically identifies loaded impedance and change and keep the accelerated corrosion circuit 1 of constant current output and the handover module 4 that two circuit switch.Wherein both are provided with common circuit 3.Common circuit 3 comprises width modulation single-ended converter 31(invertor) and PWM constant-current control module 32.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the automatic identification loaded impedance of the present embodiment changes and keeps the accelerated corrosion circuit 1 of constant current output mainly to comprise accelerated corrosion load blocks 11, width modulation single-ended converter 31 and PWM constant-current control module 32.The galvanic protection circuit 2 of electric current interrupted output mainly comprises width modulation single-ended converter 31, cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module 21 circuit and galvanic protection load blocks 22.Width modulation single-ended converter 31 provides driving power for PWM constant-current control module 32 and cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module 21.In Fig. 2, cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module 21 is connected by handover module 4 with PWM constant-current control module 32.Cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module 21 mainly comprises follower, amplifier, hysteresis positive regeeration comparer and the optical coupler connecting successively, is also provided with reference electrode variation range setter and protection potential setter.Described reference electrode variation range setter, protection potential setter are connected with hysteresis positive regeeration comparer respectively.Reference electrode variation range setter regulates the lower limit of protection potential, and protection potential setter regulates the upper limit of protection potential.
As shown in Figure 3, the high-frequency and high-voltage of width modulation single-ended converter 31 part is by switch adjustable pipe, and high-frequency output transformer T2 and driving circuit form.Wherein switch adjustable pipe is by adopting semiconductor power device IGBT pipe BG14, BG15, BG16, the BG17 of voltage-controlled type to form, and driving circuit is comprised of triode BG10, BG11, BG12, BG13.Driving circuit BG10, BG11, BG12, BG13 obtain input signal by input transformer T1 from pulse width modulator IC1, driving switch adjustable pipe BG14, BG15, BG16, BG17, high-frequency output transformer T2 just obtains high-power high-frequency output, the secondary main winding output low pressure high-frequency current of high-frequency output transformer T2, after commutation diode D27, D28 rectification, main load obtains the high-power constant current needing.High-frequency output transformer T2 can arrange a plurality of secondary.Described secondary accelerated corrosion load blocks and the galvanic protection load blocks of comprising.Accelerated corrosion load blocks comprises concentric line (anode), and described concentric line is copper mesh or titanium net.Accelerated corrosion load blocks one end connects the member that is corroded above, described in the member that is corroded be reinforcing bar; The other end connects width modulation single-ended converter.So just can obtain the above low-tension current output in road.Galvanic protection load blocks comprises protected member (negative electrode), and described protected member is reinforcing bar.Galvanic protection load blocks one end connects one with Anodic, and described anode is copper mesh or titanium net; The other end connects width modulation single-ended converter.Commutation diode, three-terminal regulator block and the high frequency filter being connected in series is set respectively between width modulation single-ended converter and the member that is corroded, anode.
As shown in Figure 4, negative-feedback amplifier IC2, sampling feedback resistance W8(Fig. 3) and pulse width modulator IC1 composition constant-current control circuit.Foregoing circuit is controlled for the high-precision high-power constant current output close loop negative feedback of accelerated corrosion circuit and galvanic protection circuit.Sampling feedback resistance W8 is located at the output terminal of high-frequency output transformer T2, gathers the low-tension current after diode rectification of high-frequency output transformer output.By current potential of in-phase input end of given negative-feedback amplifier IC2, the inverting input of negative-feedback amplifier IC2 obtains electric current (current source loads electric current) negative-feedback signal from sampling feedback resistance W8, negative-feedback amplifier IC2 output terminal is by controlling the dutycycle of pulse width modulator IC1, load is obtained with the consistent steady current of the given current potential corresponding current of negative-feedback amplifier IC2 in-phase input end, thereby realize constant current output.The constant current size of output is carried out adjusting pulsewidth modulator IC1 by changing the given current potential of negative-feedback amplifier IC2 in-phase input end, thereby change the on-off time ratio (dutycycle) of switch adjustable pipe, on-off time ratio is larger, and (ON time is larger, turn-off time is fewer), outward current is larger; Switching time less (ON time is less, and the turn-off time is larger), outward current is less.And the given voltage of the in-phase input end of negative-feedback amplifier IC2 is to be regulated by current setting potentiometer W1, when the given voltage of in-phase input end of negative-feedback amplifier IC2 larger, negative-feedback amplifier IC2 output end voltage is larger, thereby makes the duty cycle square wave of pulse width modulator IC1 output larger; Otherwise the given voltage of in-phase input end of negative-feedback amplifier IC2 is less, negative-feedback amplifier IC2 output end voltage is less, makes the duty cycle square wave of pulse width modulator IC1 output less, thereby realizes the high-power output of adjustable constant current source.Switch adjustable pipe adopts the semiconductor power device IGBT pipe of voltage-controlled type.IGBT pipe BG14, BG15, BG16, BG17 form switch adjustable pipe circuit, realize constant current switch and regulate.Open circuit voltage potentiometer W2 is connected with the in-phase input end of pulse width modulator IC1, by regulating open circuit voltage potentiometer W2 can change easily the given voltage of in-phase input end of pulse width modulator IC1, thereby can change within the specific limits constant current source open circuit voltage.Width modulation single-ended converter and PWM constant-current control module can automatic Identification accelerated corrosion circuit and the impedance variations of galvanic protection main circuit load; accelerated corrosion circuit output circuit and galvanic protection circuit outward current, due to the effect of feedback, can keep constant current output all the time.
As shown in Figure 5, cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module 21 is mainly by triode BG9, bridge rectifier IC8, hysteresis positive regeeration comparer IC6A, and optical coupler IC7, reference electrode variation range setter W7 and protection potential setter W6 form.By reference electrode variation range setter W7, protection potential setter W6, set respectively protection potential lower limit, the protection potential upper limit.Protection potential upper and lower bound has formed lagging width.Amplifier IC6B output terminal is connected to the reverse input end of hysteresis positive regeeration comparer IC6A by resistance R 33, the adjustable end of protection potential setter W6 is connected to the input terminus in the same way of hysteresis positive regeeration comparer IC6A by resistance R 47.After adjustable Duan He one end short circuit of reference electrode variation range setter W7, receive respectively the output terminal of hysteresis positive regeeration comparer IC6A by resistance R 50, resistance R 49 is connected to the input terminus in the same way of comparer IC6A.The reference potential of reference electrode is by connector J5, follower IC6C, amplifier IC6B, reference variation range setter W7, protection potential setter W6; hysteresis positive regeeration comparer IC6A controls optical coupler IC7; thereby control conducting or the cut-off of triode BG9, and then control PWM constant-current control module circuit.The switching of galvanic protection circuit and accelerated corrosion circuit mainly realizes by the triode BG9 of handover module.By controlling the working order of triode BG9, and knife switch K as shown in Figure 5, realize the switching of two circuit.
After switching on power, reference electrode current potential rising, once rise to the protection potential upper limit of setting over protection potential setter, hysteresis positive regeeration comparer IC6A upset.When hysteresis positive regeeration comparer, IC6A overturns, not conducting of optical coupler IC7, and triode BG9 is saturated.Triode BG9 is connected with PWM constant-current control module 11, makes the current setting vanishing of switch adjustable pipe.Now, the dutycycle of pulse width modulator IC1 is minimum, by switch adjustable pipe BG14, BG15, BG16, BG17, makes electric current output approach zero.Subsequently, reference electrode current potential slow decreasing, drop to the protection potential lower limit of reference electrode variation range setter setting at reference electrode current potential before, steel structure is still subject to galvanic protection, is not corroded.Once reference electrode current potential drops to the protection potential lower limit that rear width adjustor is set, hysteresis positive regeeration comparer IC6A overturns again, and whole cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module 21 circuit return to the original state that rigidly connects energize.Be the loaded work piece of galvanic protection circuit in continuous intermittently power-on process, the variation of reference electrode current potential is all within the bound scope of protection potential.The constant current of this galvanic protection circuit output intermittent type.It drops to after protection potential lower limit reference electrode current potential being detected, galvanic protection circuit output constant current; Reference electrode current potential rises and surpasses after the protection potential upper limit, and galvanic protection circuit quits work.Compare with keeping the galvanic protection circuit of constant potential, this galvanic protection circuit is more energy-conservation.
The present invention makes the electrochemical anti-corrosive technology in civil structure have the variation of loaded impedance in automatic Identification galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion circuit, keeps the constant rate of speed of accelerated corrosion and galvanic protection.
Claims (8)
1. continuous current intermittent type galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion system, it is characterized in that: comprise that automatic identification loaded impedance changes and keeps the galvanic protection circuit of constant current interrupted output and automatically identify the accelerated corrosion circuit that loaded impedance changes and keep constant current output, described accelerated corrosion circuit and galvanic protection circuit are provided with shared width modulation single-ended converter and PWM constant-current control module, accelerated corrosion circuit and galvanic protection circuit switch by handover module, described width modulation single-ended converter comprises high-frequency output transformer, switch adjustable pipe, sampling feedback resistance and driving circuit, described driving circuit driving switch adjustable pipe output high-power high-frequency electric current, the high-frequency output transformer being connected with switch adjustable pipe arranges an above secondary acquisition one above low pressure high-frequency current in road, and described sampling feedback resistance is for gathering the low-tension current after rectification of high-frequency output transformer output and feeding back to PWM constant-current control module.
2. continuous current intermittent type according to claim 1 galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion system; it is characterized in that: described PWM constant-current control module comprises negative-feedback amplifier, pulse width modulator and current regulator; current regulator connects the input terminus of negative-feedback amplifier; negative-feedback amplifier output terminal connects pulse width modulator; by pulse width modulator adjusting pulsewidth, modulate the dutycycle of the switch adjustable pipe of single-ended converter, export adjustable constant current.
3. continuous current intermittent type according to claim 1 galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion system; it is characterized in that: described accelerated corrosion circuit also comprises PWM constant-current control module and accelerated corrosion load blocks; described accelerated corrosion load blocks one end connects the member that is corroded, and the other end connects width modulation single-ended converter.
4. continuous current intermittent type according to claim 3 galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion system, is characterized in that: described in be corroded and between member and width modulation single-ended converter, be also provided with commutation diode, high frequency filter and the three-terminal regulator block being connected in series.
5. continuous current intermittent type according to claim 1 galvanic protection and accelerated corrosion system, is characterized in that the galvanic protection circuit of described electric current interrupted output also comprises:
Cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module, it comprises protection potential setter for setting the protection potential upper limit, for the hysteresis positive regeeration comparer of relatively reference electrode current potential and protection potential size, for setting the reference electrode variation range setter of protection potential lower limit and the optical coupler being connected with hysteresis positive regeeration comparator output terminal, described protection potential setter is connected hysteresis positive regeeration comparer with reference electrode variation range setter, by controlling conducting or the cut-off of optical coupler, further control PWM constant-current control module;
Galvanic protection load blocks ，Qi one end jointed anode, one end connects width modulation single-ended converter, is provided with the commutation diode, high frequency filter and the three-terminal regulator block that are connected in series between two ends.
6. according to the arbitrary described continuous current intermittent type galvanic protection of claim 1-5 and the implementation method of accelerated corrosion system, it is characterized in that:
Function handover module switches to accelerated corrosion circuit, and the dutycycle of the switch adjustable pipe of PWM constant-current control module adjusting pulsewidth modulation single-ended converter, exports adjustable constant current;
Function handover module switches to galvanic protection circuit, and cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module is controlled PWM constant-current control module by current regulator, and then controls width modulation single-ended converter output intermittent current.
7. implementation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
The negative-feedback amplifier of described PWM constant-current control module obtains current feedback signal to its inverting input from sampling feedback resistance;
The output terminal of negative-feedback amplifier is controlled the dutycycle of pulse width modulator, and the on-off time ratio of the switch adjustable pipe of adjusting pulsewidth modulation single-ended converter, obtains adjustable constant-flow output;
The high-frequency output transformer of width modulation single-ended converter connects accelerated corrosion load blocks and obtains low pressure high-frequency current;
Low pressure high-frequency current, after rectifies, then by the three-terminal regulator block, high frequency filter, the member that is corroded above that are connected in series successively, obtains an above DC low-voltage constant current output in road.
8. implementation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
While switching on power, the optical coupler conducting of cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module, the dutycycle of pulse width modulator raises, and the constant current output of switch adjustable pipe increases, reference electrode current potential rising;
Reference electrode current potential rises and surpasses the protection potential upper limit that protection potential setter is set, the upset of hysteresis positive regeeration comparer; After the upset of hysteresis positive regeeration comparer, not conducting of optical coupler, triode is saturated, and the dutycycle of pulse width modulator is minimum, and the constant current output of switch adjustable pipe approaches zero, reference electrode current potential slow decreasing;
Reference electrode current potential drops to the protection potential lower limit that reference variation range setter is set, and hysteresis positive regeeration comparer overturns again, the state of cathode protective reference electrode control of Electric potentials module recovery when switching on power.
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| CN103014720B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-11-05 | 青岛雅合科技发展有限公司 | Large range long distance cathodic protection system and working method thereof |
| CN103243335A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-08-14 | 中煤科工集团武汉设计研究院 | Impressed current cathodic protection method for long-distance pipeline coal transporting |
| CN105548319A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-05-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electrochemical accelerated concrete hydration product corrosion measurement device |
| CN108303367A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-07-20 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | The test device and method of the accelerated corrosion of metallic ground material and cathodic protection |
| CN109187325B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-07-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Accelerated simulation experiment device and method for corrosion fracture process of PCCP (prestressed concrete cylinder pipe) |
| CN109185537A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽锐视光电技术有限公司 | A kind of high-speed electromagnetic valve driving protection system |
| CN113311234B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Reinforcing bar corrosion sensing device |
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| CN1250824A (en) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-19 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所二部 | Cathode protection method for reinforced concrete caisson group of seaside wharf and its dedicated instrument |
| CN102162682A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-08-24 | 重庆欧凯电器有限公司 | Adjustable cathode protective water heater |
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Address after: 510230 Guangzhou Qianjin Road, Guangdong, No. 157 Applicant after: Zhongjiao Sihang Engineering Inst. Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Guangzhou Harbor Engineering Quality Examination Co., Ltd. Applicant after: China Harbour Engineering Co., Ltd. Applicant after: CCCC Fourth Harbor Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Guangzhou Sihang Material Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 510230 Guangzhou Qianjin Road, Guangdong, No. 157 Applicant before: Zhongjiao Sihang Engineering Inst. Co., Ltd. Applicant before: Guangzhou Harbor Engineering Quality Examination Co., Ltd. Applicant before: China Harbour Engineering Co., Ltd. Applicant before: Guangzhou Sihang Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd. Applicant before: Guangzhou Sihang Material Technology Co., Ltd. |
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