CN102717243A - Technique for strengthening local surface of engine piston - Google Patents
Technique for strengthening local surface of engine piston Download PDFInfo
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- CN102717243A CN102717243A CN2012102020208A CN201210202020A CN102717243A CN 102717243 A CN102717243 A CN 102717243A CN 2012102020208 A CN2012102020208 A CN 2012102020208A CN 201210202020 A CN201210202020 A CN 201210202020A CN 102717243 A CN102717243 A CN 102717243A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technique for strengthening local surface of an engine piston. A high-hardness abrasion resistant layer is formed on a piston skirt section surface slotted in advance by adopting a thermal spraying method, stirring and rubbing processing is carried out on the high-hardness abrasion resistant layer and surface of a base body, and a particle reinforced phase compound layer is formed under the action of thermal mechanical stirring, thus hardness and abrasion resistance of the surface of the piston are improved, the piston has the characteristics that the interior is tough and the exterior is hard, and coefficient of thermal expansion is reduced. The technique disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, high efficiency, low cost and obvious effect and can be used for local surface strengthening of the engine piston made from aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of automobile, be specifically related to the process that a kind of engine piston local surfaces is strengthened.
Background technology
Engine is the heart of automobile, and piston then is the parts of most critical in the engine.Piston at high temperature, high pressure, at a high speed, work under the condition of burn into friction; Except requiring material that enough rigidity will be arranged and the intensity; Also need piston to have less thermal coefficient of expansion, make piston and cylinder keep suitable gap in the course of the work, to reduce noise; In addition,, adopt light piston along with the propelling of automobile lightweight process, not only can weight reduction; Reduce oil consumption, reduce discharging, and because piston is the reciprocating parts of high speed; Its lightweight helps improving the power output of engine, makes engine running more steady, and noise is littler.
Industry is at present gone up the alusil alloys that adopt more and is made engine piston, in order to improve the military service performance of engine and piston, usually through the whole bag of tricks piston face is carried out wear-resistant coating and handles, like anodic oxidation, plating, plasma spraying etc.But owing to receive the limitation of material itself and coating process, the anti-wear performance of piston improves limited, can't satisfy the increasingly high requirement that present automobile proposes engine.To the deepening continuously of magnesium alloy materials development and application, especially the application of magnesium alloy on piston of automobile that develop into of heat resistance magnesium alloy and magnesium base composite material provides possibility along with both at home and abroad.
Chinese patent " magnesium alloy engine pistons and preparation method thereof " (patent publication No. CN 1796024A) discloses a kind of magnesium alloy piston that is used for engine and preparation method thereof; The component content of its magnesium alloy is Al 2-10wt%; Si 2-10wt%; All the other are that Mg adds element with other, and said interpolation element is one or more in Y, Sr, Ca, C, Be and the rare earth metal element; Its preparation method comprises magnesium alloy smelting, refining, and the magnesium alloy piston is processed in magnesium alloy semisolid slurry preparation, magnesium alloy semi-solid state blank preparation, the preparation of magnesium alloy ingot, pressure forming at last.This piston can improve the life-span of bent axle and bearing shell, reduces vibration simultaneously.But the technology cost of this patent is higher relatively, has limited the suitability for industrialized production of this piston to a certain extent.
Document number is that the European patent of EP499321-A1 discloses a kind of local preparation technology who strengthens the magnesium alloy piston of composite that utilizes; Its process is to adopt aluminium oxide, carborundum or silicon nitride ceramics short fiber to process the prefabricated component of definite shape earlier; Be installed in the position that needs enhancing on the pistons such as piston top, piston ring, pin-and-hole, inject magnesium alloy fused mass through the technology of pressure impregnation then.Although this preparation technology makes the hear resistance of piston obtain tangible improvement, the preparation of the prefabricated component that it is related, Piston mould, impregnate etc. prepares the process relative complex, brings the problem of cost and stability aspect equally, thereby restricted its application.
Publication number is the preparation method that the Chinese patent of CN 102052190A, CN101693971A and CN 101693972A discloses heat resistant rare earth-magnesium alloy engine pistons, and (Zr) alloy makes through gravitational casting, low pressure casting and Extrution casting technique respectively engine piston by Mg-Y-Gd-Zn.Although the casting heat-resistant rare earth-magnesium alloy engine pistons for preparing has good high-temperature intensity and creep-resistant property; But these patents all are the job requirements of satisfying piston through the hear resistance of alloying component optimization and improvement piston matrix alloy and wearability, and the wearability that only relies on the adjustment of alloy material composition to improve piston is very limited; In addition; The thermal coefficient of expansion of magnesium alloy is relatively big; Adjustment through alloying component also is difficult to change its hot expansibility; And the friction between piston skirt and the cylinder sleeve is to influence one of the principal element in automobile engine life-span, and therefore for the piston skirt, the demand that thermal coefficient of expansion is little, wearability is good is more urgent.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of intensification technique method of engine piston local surfaces is provided, this method is through selecting suitable ceramic particle and agitating friction technology; Adjust corresponding Technology for Heating Processing; Reach the purpose that the engine piston surface local is strengthened, its technology is simple, easy to operate, not only can improve the wearability and the hardness on engine piston surface; And can reduce thermal coefficient of expansion, prepare the engine piston that meets the demands.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
The process that a kind of engine piston local surfaces is strengthened, it may further comprise the steps:
The first step is opened Baltimore groove in advance in said engine piston skirt surface;
Second step is in said engine piston skirt section and the high hard wearing layer of Baltimore groove place spraying;
The 3rd step, on the rotating shaft of friction stir welding machine, adopt stirring-head that agitating friction processing is carried out on the surface of the hard wearing layer of height the engine piston clamping, form the composite bed that contains enhanced granule;
In the 4th step, will carry out Ageing Treatment through the engine piston of agitating friction processing.
The width of said Baltimore groove is 2~30mm, and the degree of depth is 0.2~1.0mm.
The high hard wearing layer of the spraying in said second step is meant: adopt heat spraying method that sprayed on material is formed coating on said engine piston surface, this coating layer thickness is less than 0.3mm; Described heat spraying method is plasma spraying method, flame spraying or thermal chemical reaction spraying process; Described sprayed on material is by Al
2O
3, TiO
2, SiO
2, one or more particles among ZnO, SiC and the Al mix, the grain diameter of this sprayed on material is 200nm~100 μ m.
Described stirring-head is that threaded needleless stirring-head of the shaft shoulder or mixing needle height are the band pin stirring-head of 1~2 times of the said Baltimore groove degree of depth; But described band pin stirring-head can be the pumpback stirring-head that can agitating friction limit, limit lifts.
The technological parameter of described agitating friction processing is: the rotating speed of stirring-head is 300~1000r/min, and the tangential velocity on the engine piston surface of rotation is 30~80mm/min, and stirring-head shaft shoulder volume under pressure is 0.1~0.5mm.
The thickness of described composite bed is 0.2~2mm, and the volume fraction of enhanced granule is 5%~20% in the composite bed.
Described the 3rd step; But for the band pin stirring-head that does not possess the pumpback function; With the engine piston clamping on the rotating shaft of friction stir welding machine; Adopt earlier band pin stirring-head that agitating friction is carried out on the surface of the hard wearing layer of height and process a week, then will be identical, insert by in the keyhole of being with pin stirring-head agitating friction to be processed to form with the identical keyhole pin of mixing needle tapering of band pin stirring-head with engine piston material and state, re-use the needleless stirring-head and play weldering again at this keyhole place; Accomplish the agitating friction processing of piston at last, form the composite bed that contains enhanced granule.
The material of said engine piston is aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
The process that engine piston local surfaces of the present invention is strengthened; Height is wear-resistant composite bed firmly to carry out surface modification to engine piston through preparing; Have characteristics such as simple to operate, efficient, low-cost, that effect is obvious; Reach raising piston intensity and wearability, reduced the purpose of thermal coefficient of expansion.Because the input of the heat in the process of the present invention derives from frictional heat, does not produce pernicious gas, radiation or noise, be a kind of green, energy-conservation process technology, aspect quality, have unique advantage with the production management aspect.
The present invention has produced obvious effects to engine piston material surface performance, mainly shows:
(1) in the agitating friction process, the crystal grain under the churned mechanically effect of heat in the high hard wearing layer is broken, and dynamic recrystallization takes place simultaneously, and the ceramic particle in the composite bed embeds pinning in crystal boundary effectively as wild phase; Compare with mother metal, the average grain size of composite bed is less than 20% of mother metal, and tensile strength is greater than 120% of mother metal, and percentage elongation is greater than 115% of mother metal.
(2) through grain refinement with embed wild phase and improved the case hardness and the wearability of piston significantly; Compare with mother metal, the hardness of piston face is more than 1.5 times of mother metal hardness, and wearability is more than 2 times of mother metal.
(3) thermal coefficient of expansion of engine piston reduces to some extent, is original 50%~80%.
Process according to the invention makes engine piston tough outer hard characteristics in possessing, and has obtained good military service performance, has improved hardness and wearability, has reduced thermal coefficient of expansion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of the embodiment of the invention 1 (needleless stirring-head).
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of the embodiment of the invention 2 (band pin stirring-head).
The macrostructure (200 *) that Fig. 3 obtains for the process program that adopts embodiment 1.
The microscopic structure (10000 *) that Fig. 4 obtains for the process program that adopts embodiment 1, wherein white is Al
2O
3Or TiO
2Particle.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain, following embodiment is that prerequisite is implemented with technical scheme of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1 (seeing also Fig. 1):
(1) alloy material of magnesium alloy engine pistons 3 is Mg-15Gd-2.5Zn-0.6Zr (wt.%), and the piston 3 behind the casting carries out cleaning pretreatment to piston 3 surfaces after solution treatment.
(2) along the circumferential direction open the Baltimore groove 1 of making wide 30mm, dark 1.0mm in the skirt surface of engine piston 3 with lathe.
(3) in engine piston 3 skirt sections and Baltimore groove 1 place, adopt the high hard wearing layer 2 of method spraying of plasma spraying, forming thickness on piston 3 surfaces is the ceramic coating of 0.2mm, sprayed on material is the Al of particle diameter 50 μ m
2O
3-TiO
250% hybrid particles.
(4) with engine piston 3 clampings on the rotating shaft of the adjustable rotational speed of friction stir welding machine, make the Baltimore groove 1 starting point centering of the stirring-head and the piston to be processed 3 of friction stir welding machine; This stirring-head is a needleless stirring-head 4, and the shaft shoulder of its underpart is threaded 5, and this screw thread 5 is triangle thread or trapezoidal thread.
(5) the needleless stirring-head 4 of rotation is adopted in the fixing position of needleless stirring-head 4, through rotating rotating shaft agitating friction processing is carried out on the surface of high hard wearing layer 2 on the engine piston 3; Technological parameter is in the process: the rotating speed of needleless stirring-head 4 is 300r/min, and the tangential velocity on engine piston 3 surfaces of rotation is 30mm/min, and the shaft shoulder volume under pressure of needleless stirring-head 4 is 0.1mm; Agitating friction is processed in engine piston 3 surfaces and forms the composite bed that contains enhanced granule, and the thickness of this composite bed is 0.2mm, and the volume fraction of enhanced granule is 5% in the composite bed.
(6) will be through the magnesium alloy engine pistons 3 of the surface modification of agitating friction processing Ageing Treatment 15 hours under 225 ℃ of conditions, air cooling.
After through embodiment 1 said process magnesium alloy engine pistons 3 being carried out surface peening, the visible Fig. 3 of its macrostructure (200 *), (wherein white is Al to the visible Fig. 4 of microscopic structure (10000 *)
2O
3Or TiO
2Particle).As can be seen from the figure, the material structure crystal grain of engine piston 3 has obtained refinement, and has embedded wild phase, thereby has improved the case hardness and the wearability of piston significantly.
Embodiment 2 (seeing also Fig. 2):
(1) the alloy material composition of magnesium alloy engine pistons 3 is Mg-10Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.4Zr (wt.%), and the piston 3 behind the casting was through solid solution in 525 ℃, 15 hours, and air cooling carries out cleaning pretreatment to piston 3 surfaces after handling.
(2) along the circumferential direction open in the skirt section of engine piston 3 with lathe and make wide 20mm, the Baltimore groove 1 of dark 0.2mm;
(3) in engine piston 3 skirt sections and Baltimore groove 1 place, adopt the high hard wearing layer 2 of method spraying of flame-spraying, forming thickness on piston 3 surfaces is the ceramic coating of 0.1mm, sprayed on material is the SiC particle of particle diameter 100 μ m.
(4) with engine piston 3 clampings on the rotating shaft of the adjustable rotational speed of friction stir welding machine, make the Baltimore groove 1 starting point centering of the stirring-head and the piston to be processed 3 of friction stir welding machine; This stirring-head is band pin stirring-head 6, and its underpart has mixing needle 7, and the height of this mixing needle 7 is 0.4mm, is 2 times of said Baltimore groove 1 degree of depth; But this band pin stirring-head 6 is the pumpback stirring-heads that can agitating friction limit, limit lift.
(5) the band pin stirring-head 6 that rotates is adopted in the position of fixed band pin stirring-head 6, through rotating rotating shaft agitating friction processing is carried out on the surface of high hard wearing layer 2 on the engine piston 3; Technological parameter is in the process: the rotating speed of band pin stirring-head 6 is 600r/min, and the tangential velocity on engine piston 3 surfaces of rotation is 50mm/min, and the shaft shoulder volume under pressure of band pin stirring-head 6 is 0.2mm; Band pin stirring-head 6 carries out pumpback when being worked into start position gradually, thereby can avoid forming the keyhole that 6 processing of band pin stirring-head cause; Agitating friction is processed in engine piston 3 surfaces and forms the composite bed that contains enhanced granule, and the thickness of this composite bed is 1mm, and the volume fraction of enhanced granule is 10% in the composite bed.
(6) will be through the magnesium alloy engine pistons 3 of the surface modification of agitating friction processing Ageing Treatment 10 hours under 250 ℃ of conditions, air cooling.
Embodiment 3:
(1) the alloy material composition of aluminium alloy engine piston is Al-13Si-3Cu-2Ni-1.0Mg (wt.%), and the piston behind the casting carries out cleaning pretreatment to piston face after solution treatment.
(2) along the circumferential direction leave wide 2mm with lathe in the skirt section of engine piston, the Baltimore groove of dark 0.25mm;
(3) in the engine piston skirt section and the Baltimore groove place, adopt the high hard wearing layer of method spraying of thermal chemical reaction thermal spraying, forming thickness at piston face is the ceramic coating of 0.28mm, sprayed on material be the Al of commercialization
2O
3, TiO
2, SiO
2, ZnO and five kinds of materials of Al mixed powder, the particle diameter of this mixed powder is 200nm.
(4) with the engine piston clamping on the rotating shaft of the adjustable rotational speed of friction stir welding machine, make the Baltimore groove starting point centering of stirring-head and piston to be processed; But this stirring-head is not for possessing the band pin stirring-head of pumpback function, and its underpart has mixing needle, and the height of this mixing needle is 0.25mm, is 1 times of the said Baltimore groove degree of depth.
(5) position of fixed band pin stirring-head is adopted the band pin stirring-head that rotates earlier, through rotating rotating shaft agitating friction processing is carried out on the surface of high hard wearing layer on the engine piston; Technological parameter is in the process: the rotating speed of band pin stirring-head is 1000r/min, and the tangential velocity on the engine piston surface of rotation is 80mm/min, and the shaft shoulder volume under pressure of band pin stirring-head is 0.5mm.
(6) when one week of piston rotation is got back to machining starting point, band pin stirring-head stops the rotation, and forms the keyhole that agitating friction processing causes at piston face after mentioning band pin stirring-head.
(7) then will be identical with engine piston material and state, insert in the keyhole that is processed to form by band pin stirring-head with the identical keyhole pin of mixing needle tapering of band pin stirring-head, and will be with the pin stirring-head to be replaced by the needleless stirring-head.
(8) utilize the needleless stirring-head to play weldering again again, accomplish the agitating friction processing of piston at last at this keyhole place; Agitating friction is processed in the engine piston surface and forms the composite bed that contains enhanced granule, and the thickness of this composite bed is 2mm, and the volume fraction of enhanced granule is 20% in the composite bed.
(9) will be through the aluminium alloy engine piston of the surface modification of agitating friction processing Ageing Treatment 8 hours under 230 ℃ of conditions, air cooling.
Claims (11)
1. the process strengthened of an engine piston local surfaces is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
The first step is opened Baltimore groove in advance in said engine piston skirt surface;
Second step is in said engine piston skirt section and the high hard wearing layer of Baltimore groove place spraying;
The 3rd step, on the rotating shaft of friction stir welding machine, adopt stirring-head that agitating friction processing is carried out on the surface of the hard wearing layer of height the engine piston clamping, form the composite bed that contains enhanced granule;
In the 4th step, will carry out Ageing Treatment through the engine piston of agitating friction processing.
2. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 1 is strengthened, it is characterized in that: the width of said Baltimore groove is 2~30mm, the degree of depth is 0.2~1.0mm.
3. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 1 is strengthened; It is characterized in that: the high hard wearing layer of the spraying in said second step is meant: adopt heat spraying method that sprayed on material is formed coating on said engine piston surface, this coating layer thickness is less than 0.3mm.
4. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 3 is strengthened, it is characterized in that: described heat spraying method is plasma spraying method, flame spraying or thermal chemical reaction spraying process.
5. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 3 is strengthened, it is characterized in that: described sprayed on material is by Al
2O
3, TiO
2, SiO
2, one or more particles among ZnO, SiC and the Al mix, the grain diameter of sprayed on material is 200nm~100 μ m.
6. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 1 is strengthened, it is characterized in that: described stirring-head is that threaded needleless stirring-head of the shaft shoulder or mixing needle height are the band pin stirring-head of 1~2 times of the said Baltimore groove degree of depth.
7. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 6 is strengthened is characterized in that: but the pumpback stirring-head of described band pin stirring-head for can agitating friction limit, limit lifting.
8. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 1 is strengthened; It is characterized in that: the technological parameter of described agitating friction processing is: the rotating speed of stirring-head is 300~1000r/min; The tangential velocity on the engine piston surface of rotation is 30~80mm/min, and stirring-head shaft shoulder volume under pressure is 0.1~0.5mm.
9. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 1 is strengthened, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described composite bed is 0.2~2mm, the volume fraction of enhanced granule is 5%~20% in the composite bed.
10. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 1 is strengthened; It is characterized in that: described the 3rd step does; But for the band pin stirring-head that does not possess the pumpback function; With the engine piston clamping on the rotating shaft of friction stir welding machine; Adopt earlier band pin stirring-head that agitating friction is carried out on the surface of the hard wearing layer of height and process a week, then will be identical, insert by in the keyhole of being with pin stirring-head agitating friction to be processed to form with the identical keyhole pin of mixing needle tapering of band pin stirring-head with engine piston material and state, re-use the needleless stirring-head and play weldering again at this keyhole place; Accomplish the agitating friction processing of piston at last, form the composite bed that contains enhanced granule.
11. the process that engine piston local surfaces as claimed in claim 1 is strengthened, it is characterized in that: the material of said engine piston is aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
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CN103981517A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-13 | 重庆理工大学 | Aluminum alloy surface modification process and aluminum alloy surface wear-resistant structure prepared by using same |
CN104174987A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-03 | 李红军 | Method for manufacturing intermetallic compound coating on surface of metallic matrix |
CN104419883A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-18 | 北京赛亿科技股份有限公司 | Method for intensifying plasma beam on surface of combustion chamber of aluminum piston of internal combustion engine |
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Cited By (16)
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CN104419883A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-18 | 北京赛亿科技股份有限公司 | Method for intensifying plasma beam on surface of combustion chamber of aluminum piston of internal combustion engine |
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WO2016008861A1 (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-21 | Mahle Metal Leve S/A | Process for obtaining a piston and piston so obtained |
CN104174987A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-03 | 李红军 | Method for manufacturing intermetallic compound coating on surface of metallic matrix |
CN104174987B (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-04-06 | 李红军 | The method of intermetallic compound coating is prepared at metal base surface |
CN106011724A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-12 | 中石化石油工程机械有限公司第四机械厂 | Manufacturing process for improving abrasion resistance of outer circle surface of plunger |
CN106222598A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-14 | 太仓顺如成建筑材料有限公司 | A kind of metal material surface wear resistant processing method |
CN108384976A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-08-10 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of hard nanometer particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate |
CN108642414A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-12 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of heat treatment process of 6063 aluminium alloy extruded plate |
CN108930034A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-12-04 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of preparation method, composite material and the device of lightweight metal ingots composite material |
CN108930034B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-01-29 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Preparation method of light metal block composite material, composite material and device |
CN109940163A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-06-28 | 四川大学 | A kind of post-processing approach for strengthening 3D printing metal component surface abrasion resistance |
CN111996535A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-27 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving local hardness and wear resistance of surface of die casting and light alloy die casting |
CN112935001A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-06-11 | 湖北三环锻造有限公司 | Local remanufacturing and reinforcing process of steering knuckle mold |
CN113913804A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-11 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Method for manufacturing liquid rocket case, and liquid rocket |
CN113913804B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-05-31 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Method for manufacturing liquid rocket case, and liquid rocket |
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Application publication date: 20121010 |