CN102714959A

CN102714959A - A pneumatic wheat precise seed-metering device

Info

Publication number: CN102714959A
Application number: CN2011100783440A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖庆喜; 亚瑟; 何达力; 余佳佳
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2011-03-30
Filing date: 2011-03-30
Publication date: 2012-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-30
Also published as: CN102714959B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural seeding machine and specifically relates to a pneumatic wheat precise seed-metering device which mainly comprises a seed-metering disc, a seed-metering shaft, a seed box, a main cover casing, an annular cover casing, an associate cover casing, a seed-guiding plate and a pressure relief device. The seed-metering disc is driven to rotate by the effect of external driving force. The wheat seeds in a seed room are adsorbed on the type hole by the negative pressure of an air room and motions with the seed-metering disc. When arriving at a seed-discharging device, the seeds no longer sustain the effect of negative pressure since the negative pressure is segregated by the seed-discharging device, and the seed-metering can be achieved by the gravity effect. The regulation of the seeding amount can be achieved by replacing the seed-metering disc with a different type hole and regulating the air pressure value or the rotating speed of the seed-metering disc.

Description

A kind of pneumatic type wheat precise seeder

Technical field

The present invention relates to seeding technique field in the agricultural machinery, be specifically related to a kind of pneumatic type wheat precise seeder, realize the precision drilling of wheat seed.

Background technology

The traditional wheat mechanization seeding technique of China is mainly taked drilling, and not only the seed consumption is big, and has problems such as colony is excessive, illumination is not enough, wheat spacing in the rows skewness.

The wheat sowing seeds technology has changed traditional bar broadcast mode; Carry out accurate, the quantitative space three-dimensional location of seed, make seed have stable seed level in the field, line-spacing, spacing in the rows evenly distribute; Can not only effectively reduce seeding quantity; Practice thrift seed, more significantly improved the seeding operation quality, for promoting that China's wheat mechanization seeding technique development is significant.

The quality of seeding unit quality is to the sowing effect decisive role of precision sower, and no matter China is from seeding mechanism or from the seeding unit structure to the research of precision drilling wheat seeding unit at present, and that studies and use is less.What the pneumatic precision seeder that uses during China land for growing field crops produces at present adopted basically is the mechanical type seeding unit, like cone disk type wheat precision seeder (patent No. CN86202614), adopts Long Circle type hole, whole conical surface type hole; To arrange in long week along the tangent to periphery direction; Be beneficial to and fill kind, and adopt the plunger type seeds depositing apparatus, outer rim is inlayed the seeds depositing wheel of rubber ring; The process of charging seed is accomplished in the freely-movable of vertical slideway ability in the effect lower edge of spring.For example existing drum-type wheat simple grain precision seeder (patent No. CN95239668.8); Many rows type that axially distributes on seeding cylinder hole, and every row Long Circle type hole that along the circumferential direction evenly distributes are during seeding unit work; When cylinder rotates; The seed of seed chamber leans on gravity and centrifugal force to fill kind in the cylinder, scrapes off the seed outside the type hole through seed scraping device then, and the seed in the type hole turns to sowing port with cylinder and leans on the pressure of gravity and seeds depositing wheel to accomplish the process of charging seed.Have and fill kind of a wheeled wheat precision seeder (patent No. CN98244378.1) in a kind of, seed gets into the seeding unit inner chamber, under pushing force synergy between gravity, centrifugal force and seed; Seed rotates with seed wheel by charging into compound type hole macropore in the seed wheel, and the type hole is up; It is quantitative that gravity, frictional force make seed charge into ball spoon inner hole, goes to plant the district clearly, and the seed beyond the inner hole leans on the force action landing of gravity and centrifugal force; Realize clear the kind, be stable at fixed grain seed in the inner hole and go to and protect kind of a district, deliver to the mouth of charging seed under protecting in the holder of seeds protecting plate radially; Lean on gravity, centrifugal action that seed is launched again, accomplish the seeding process.Above mechanical type seeding unit is except that cone disk type obtains promotion and application; Other all are not applied in reality; And above seeding unit is compared the pneumatic type seeding unit, complex structure; Wheat seed contacts with the seeding unit member and interacts morely, causes the fragmentation of seed self unavoidably and the type hole plug problem that causes.Though the air-sucking type precision grain drill of wheat also is in the experimental study stage at home and abroad, the mechanical type of comparing seeding unit, pneumatic type precise seeder exist the sowing effect better; Injuring-free seed; Dimensional requirement to seed is not strict, and versatility is good, and farm work speed is than characteristics such as height.The pneumatic type precision drilling will become a main developing direction of wheat sowing seeds technology.

Do not see the relevant report of relevant pneumatic type wheat precise seeder up to now as yet.

Summary of the invention

The invention reside in provides a kind of pneumatic type wheat precise seeder, realizes the accurate and adjustable of the amount of broadcasting.

A kind of pneumatic type wheat precise seeder, it mainly comprises seed plate 1, feed shaft 12, seed-box 5, main case 11, annular case 10, secondary case 7, goes out kind of guide plate 9 and pressure relief device 4.Described main case 11 adopts interference fits to be connected with annular case 10.Seed plate 1 is pressed close to the inwall of main case 11, is installed in the axle head of feed shaft 12.Constitute a ring-type air chamber 3 between the inwall of the inwall of the outer wall of said seed plate 1, main case 11 and annular case 10.Secondary case 7 is provided with out kind of mouth 14 and seed inlet 15.Described secondary case 7 is connected with annular case 10, is provided with a seed chamber 6 between described secondary case 7 and the seed plate 1.Described pressure relief device 4 constitutes by unloading kind of piece 16, adjusting rod 19, wing nut 18 and spring 17; This unloads in the adjusting rod pipeline 13 at top that kind of device 4 is installed in main case 11; Adjusting rod 17 upper ends and adjusting rod pipeline 13 are matched in clearance; Adjusting rod 17 lower ends are set with spring 17, the below of spring 17 with unload kind of piece 16 and be connected.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1, the present invention can avoid fully wheat seed because of and the seed chamber inner member between the breakage that causes of interaction cause the type hole plug, reduce the broadcast leakage problem that causes because of the type hole plug, improve the performance and the functional reliability of seeding unit.

2, the present invention can realize the amount of broadcasting adjusting through seed plate, adjusting atmospheric pressure value or the seed plate rotating speed etc. of changing the different shaped hole.

3, the present invention has utilized the deadweight of wheat seed, has reduced the energy consumption of blower fan effectively.

4, seed plate can rotate clockwise and counterclockwise among the present invention, is convenient to the assembling of seeding unit.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and enforcement principle the present invention is further specified.

Fig. 1 is the front view of structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an A-A profile shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is the front view of air chamber 3;

Fig. 4 is a B-B cutaway view among Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is the part drawing of secondary case 7, and Fig. 5 (a) is a front view, and Fig. 5 (b) is the C-C cutaway view;

Fig. 6 is the part drawing of annular case 10, and Fig. 6 (a) is a front view, and Fig. 6 (b) is the D-D cutaway view;

Fig. 7 is the part drawing of seed plate 1, and Fig. 7 (a) is a front view, and Fig. 6 (b) is the E-E cutaway view;

Fig. 8 is the installation diagram of pressure relief device (4).

Among the figure: the secondary case of 1-seed plate, 2-pneumatic tube, 3-air chamber, 4-pressure relief device, 5-seed-box, 6-seed chamber, 7-, 8-grain conductor, 9-go out kind of a guide plate, 10-annular case, 11-master's case, 12-feed shaft, 13-adjusting rod pipeline, 14-and go out kind of a mouth, 15-seed inlet, 16-and unload kind of a piece, 17-spring, 18-wing nut, 19-adjusting rod.

Embodiment

The embodiment that provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing does further explain to the structure of pneumatic type wheat seeding unit of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

Referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 8, a kind of pneumatic type wheat precise seeder, it comprises seed plate 1, feed shaft 12, seed-box 5, main case 11, annular case 10, secondary case 7, goes out kind of guide plate 9 and pressure relief device 4.Described main case 11 adopts interference fits to be connected with annular case 10.The inwall that seed plate 1 is pressed close to main case 11 is installed in the axle head of feed shaft 12.Form a ring-shaped air chamber 3 between the inwall of the inwall of the outer wall of seed plate 1, main case 11 and annular case 10.Secondary case 7 is provided with out kind of mouth 14 and seed inlet 15.Described secondary case 7 is connected with annular case 10, forms a seed chamber 6 between secondary case 7 and the seed plate 1.Described pressure relief device 4 constitutes by unloading kind of piece 16, adjusting rod 19, wing nut 18 and spring 17, unloads in the adjusting rod pipeline 13 at top that kind of device 4 is installed in main case 11, and adjusting rod 19 upper ends and adjusting rod pipeline 13 are matched in clearance; Adjusting rod 19 lower ends are set with spring 17, the below of spring 17 with unload kind of piece 16 and be connected.

The operation principle of seeding unit of the present invention is: input power (utilizing tractor or hand tractor) drives feed shaft 12 and rotates together with seed plate 1, and wheat seed is got in the seed chamber 6, under fan action by seed-box 5 under action of gravity; Make to form negative pressure in the air chamber 3, under suction function, the seed of seed chamber 6 the insides is attracted on the type hole of seed plate 1; And with seed plate 1 rotation; When the type hole moved to air chamber 3 tops, negative-pressure air-flow was unloaded kind of piece 16 blocking-up, made the wheat seed moment that is adsorbed on the type hole only receive the self gravitation effect; Drop on out on kind of the guide plate 9, discharge through grain conductor 8.

Claims

1. pneumatic type wheat precise seeder, it comprises seed plate (1), feed shaft (12) and seed-box (5), it is characterized in that it also comprises main case (11), annular case (10), secondary case (7), goes out kind of a guide plate (9) and pressure relief device (4); Described main case (11) is connected for interference fits with annular case (10); The inwall that described seed plate (1) is pressed close to main case (11) is installed in the axle head of feed shaft (12); The inwall of the inwall of the outer wall of seed plate (1) and main case (11) and annular case (10) constitutes a ring-type air chamber (3); Described secondary case (7) is provided with out kind of a mouth (14) and seed inlet (15); Described secondary case (7) is connected with described annular case (10), is provided with seed chamber (6) between described secondary case (7) and the seed plate (1); Described pressure relief device (4) constitutes by unloading kind of a piece (16), adjusting rod (19), wing nut (18) and spring (17), unloads in the adjusting rod pipeline (13) at top that kind of a device (4) is installed in main case (11); Adjusting rod (19) upper end is a matched in clearance with adjusting rod pipeline (13), and adjusting rod (19) lower end is set with spring (17), the below of spring (17) with unload kind of a piece (16) and be connected.