CN102713456A

CN102713456A - Multi-tube solar thermal receiver

Info

Publication number: CN102713456A
Application number: CN2010800551343A
Authority: CN
Inventors: P·L·约翰逊; R·J·汉森; W·M·康龙
Original assignee: Areva Solar Inc
Current assignee: Areva Solar Inc
Priority date: 2009-10-07
Filing date: 2010-10-06
Publication date: 2012-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-06
Also published as: EP2486341A2; WO2011044281A3; US20120234311A1; CN102713456B; MA33722B1; WO2011044281A2; WO2011044281A9; IL219017A0; AU2010303499A1; AU2010303499B2

Abstract

Systems, methods, and apparatus by which solar energy may be collected as heat are disclosed. Some systems include an elevated solar receiver comprising multiple tubes arranged lengthwise in the receiver in a side-by-side parallel configuration across a transverse dimension of the receiver. The receiver comprises an inlet section configured to receive a heat transfer fluid into the tubing arrangement and an outlet section configured to output heated heat transfer fluid from the tubing arrangement. The multiple tubes of the tubing arrangement define together a flowing circuit between the inlet section and the outlet section from the outer tube or tubes to the inner tube or tubes. The solar energy collector system further includes an instrumentation and control system for controlling the orientation of at least one orientable reflector to provide in operation a concentrated illuminated area comprising a peaked profile across the transverse dimension of the receiver.

Description

Multitube road solar heat receiver

The cross reference of related application

The application requires the priority of following application: in submission on October 7th, 2009, title is " Multi-Tube Solar Thermal Receiver (multitube road solar heat receiver) ", patent application serial numbers 61/249; 562, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of inventor Peter L.Johnson, Robert J.Hanson and William M.Conlon; And on February 11st, 2010 submit to, title is " Multi-Tube Solar Thermal Receiver (multitube road solar heat receiver) ", patent application serial numbers 61/303; 615, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of inventor Peter L.Johnson, Robert J.Hanson and William M.Conlon; From all purposes that propose hereinafter, each said application all is incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper.

Technical field

The application relates generally to the collection to solar energy, and relates more particularly to from the purpose that produces heat energy or steam the collection of solar energy.

Background technology

In order to continue ever-increasing population of supply and energy demand all over the world, need extra energy source.Solar energy obtains easily in some geographic area and can be used for generating or provide heat for industry and inhabitation purposes.Electrooptical device is converted into electricity with solar energy although for example can use, and as alternative plan, can gather solar energy as heat and be converted into useful work.The solar energy of gathering as heat can be used for for example producing steam and produces electric power or be used for other industrial process being used to.

Summary of the invention

Herein disclosed is and to gather solar energy as the used system of heat, method and device.

In first aspect, this paper has described the solar collector system, for example linear Fresnel reflector solar array.In some modification; The solar collector system comprises the solar receiver that frame is high; Said receiver comprises pipe arrangement; Said pipe arrangement is included in the receiver a plurality of pipelines of on the lateral dimension of receiver, arranging along the longitudinal direction with parallel configuration side by side, and wherein a plurality of pipelines comprise internal pipeline, at first external pipe of a side of internal pipeline and at second external pipe of the side relative with first external pipe of internal pipeline.The solar collector system also comprises at least one orientable reflector, thereby said reflector can move to guide incident solar radiation on pipe arrangement, to form the cover district.The solar collector system also comprise detect and the control system so that thereby controlling the direction of at least one orientable reflector is in operation the cover district is provided, said cover district comprises the curve distribution of being with peak value on the lateral dimension of receiver.Receiver comprises inlet region and outlet area, and said inlet region is configured to admit the heat-transfer fluid that gets into pipe arrangement, and said outlet area is configured to export the heat-transfer fluid through heating from pipe arrangement.A plurality of pipelines of pipe arrangement define the flow circuits from external pipe to internal pipeline between inlet region and the outlet area jointly.

In some modification, pipe arrangement is configured such that the cover district distributes the inner heat-transfer fluid of hot-fluid to pipe arrangement, thereby is in operation, and is inversely proportional to the hot-fluid that is passed to this pipeline in the fluid density of the pipe interior of pipe arrangement.

Comprise in the situation of linear Fresnel reflector solar array in the solar collector system; Receiver comprises the linear pattern receiver that frame is high; Orientable reflector be contained in reflector capable among; Said reflector is capable to be arranged in and to be parallel to receiver and incident radiation is accumulated on the receiver, and the cover district comprises line focus.

In some modification, pipe arrangement can be or can not be symmetrical about the longitudinal centre line of receiver.

In some modification, system can comprise the mass flow that flow control apparatus gets into pipe arrangement with the control heat-transfer fluid on flow circuits.

In some modification, pipe arrangement comprises one or more thermal expansions district, and said thermal expansion district adapts to the thermal expansion of pipe arrangement.In an example, extend in the plane that is limited a plurality of parallelpipeds at least one thermal expansion district.In another example, at least one thermal expansion district extends to outside the plane that is limited a plurality of parallelpipeds.In also having another example; The thermal expansion district comprises the suspending mechanism with at least one anchor clamps; Said anchor clamps maintain one of pipeline of pipe arrangement; Suspending mechanism is connected to and slides or tourelle, and said slip or tourelle be by rail support, and said track is connected mutually with receiver architecture and defines the path that is parallel to duct length for said slip or tourelle.

In some modification of system; Heat-transfer fluid gets into pipe arrangement to get into first external pipe through first inlet region; Thereby on first direction, flow to arrive the revolution collector; Said revolution collector makes heat-transfer fluid changed course getting into first internal pipeline, thus make heat-transfer fluid with antiparallel second flow direction of first flow direction on flow arriving first outlet area, and the cover district provides than to the more hot-fluid of first external pipe to first internal pipeline.In some modification, first internal pipeline has the internal diameter bigger than the internal diameter of first external pipe.Can on first inlet, utilize flow rate control device to get into the heat-transfer fluid mass flow of pipe arrangement with control.

In some modification; Heat-transfer fluid gets into pipe arrangement through second inlet region; Thereby on first flow direction, flow in second external pipe and turn round collector to arrive second, the said second revolution collector makes the heat-transfer fluid changed course to get into second internal pipeline and on second flow direction, to flow to arrive second outlet area.

In some modification; Heat-transfer fluid gets into pipe arrangement through second inlet region; Thereby on first flow direction, flow in second external pipe and turn round collector to arrive second, the said second revolution collector makes the heat-transfer fluid changed course to get into first internal pipeline and on second flow direction, to flow to arrive first outlet area.

In some modification, pipe arrangement comprises a plurality of pipelines parallel with first external pipe, and heat-transfer fluid flows on first direction through these a plurality of pipelines to arrive the revolution collector.

In some modification, pipe arrangement comprises a plurality of pipelines parallel with first internal pipeline, and heat-transfer fluid flows through these a plurality of pipelines to arrive first outlet area on second direction.

The pipe arrangement that is used in some solar collector system can be included in the serpentine path between first external pipe and first internal pipeline, thereby makes the flow path of heat-transfer fluid pass the cover district more than twice ground.

In second aspect, this paper provides and has been used for method for collecting solar energy.In aspect this; Method comprises makes heat-transfer fluid flow in the pipe arrangement of the high solar receiver of frame through the inlet region; Wherein pipe arrangement is included on the lateral dimension of receiver with parallel configuration side by side and is arranged in a plurality of pipelines in the receiver along the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of pipelines comprise internal pipeline, at first external pipe of internal pipeline one side and at second external pipe of the side relative with first external pipe of internal pipeline.Method also comprises solar radiation is focused on the high solar receiver of frame to form the cover district; Said cover district is included in the curve distribution of the band peak value on the lateral dimension of receiver; Wherein receiver comprises inlet region and outlet area; Said inlet region is configured to admit the heat-transfer fluid that gets into pipe arrangement; Said outlet area is configured to export the heat-transfer fluid through heating from pipe arrangement, and a plurality of pipelines of pipe arrangement define the flow circuits from external pipe to internal pipeline between inlet region and the outlet area jointly.

In some modification, pipe arrangement is configured such that the cover district distributes the inner heat-transfer fluid of hot-fluid to pipe arrangement, thereby makes and be in operation, and is inversely proportional to the hot-fluid that is passed to this pipeline in the density of the fluid of the pipe interior of pipe arrangement.

In some modification, method also comprises the mass flow of utilizing flow control apparatus to control the heat-transfer fluid that gets into pipe arrangement.

In some modification; Method also comprises makes heat-transfer fluid flow in the pipe arrangement to get into first external pipe through first inlet region; Thereby on first direction, flow to arrive the revolution collector; Said revolution collector makes heat-transfer fluid changed course getting into first internal pipeline, thus make heat-transfer fluid with antiparallel second flow direction of first flow direction on flow arriving first outlet area, and the cover district provides than to the more hot-fluid of first external pipe to first internal pipeline.

In some modification, first internal pipeline has the internal diameter bigger than the internal diameter of first external pipe.

When together with the detailed description of the referenced drawings hereinafter of at first briefly having described, these and other embodiment, characteristic and advantage will become more obvious for a person skilled in the art.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates the stereogram of the exemplary linear Fresnel solar energy collector that comprises multitube road solar heat receiver.

The curve map that Fig. 2 illustrates the cross section of exemplary multitube road solar heat receiver and exemplary gathering solar radiation distributes on the cross section.

Fig. 3 illustrates the exemplary binary channel fluid flow problem in the multitube road solar heat receiver.

Fig. 4 illustrates the exemplary four-way road fluid flow problem in the multitube road solar heat receiver.

Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C illustrates stereogram, vertical view and the block map of exemplary multitube road solar heat receiver respectively, and said multitube road solar heat receiver can be kept flow problem shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 6 illustrates the exemplary five-way road fluid flow problem in the multitube road solar heat receiver.

Fig. 7 illustrates another the exemplary five-way road fluid flow problem in the multitube road solar heat receiver.

Fig. 8 illustrates the exemplary six via fluid flow problems in the multitube road solar heat receiver.

Fig. 9 illustrates the exemplary three path fluid flow problems in the multitube road solar heat receiver.

Figure 10 illustrates another the exemplary three path fluid flow problems in the multitube road solar heat receiver.

Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B illustrate the curve map of the adoptable exemplary gathering solar radiation distribution of flow problem of another interior exemplary four-way road fluid flow problem of multitube road solar heat receiver and Figure 11 A respectively.

Figure 12 illustrates the exemplary fluid flow problem of the multitube road solar heat receiver that connects through two fluids.

Figure 13 illustrates the sketch map of example of the central receiver of solar collector; Said collector is included in solar heat receiver and the sun reflection lens array on the tower, and each said heliostat can be around two axle adjusting angles to guide to solar radiation the solar heat receiver.

Figure 14 illustrates the sketch map of the exemplary solar heat receiver in the solar energy acquisition system that can be used on Figure 13.

Figure 15 illustrates the sketch map of another the exemplary solar heat receiver in the solar energy acquisition system that can be used on Figure 13.

The adoptable exemplary gathering solar radiation of fluid flow problem that Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B illustrate another exemplary fluid flow problem and Figure 16 A respectively distributes.

The adoptable exemplary gathering solar radiation of fluid flow problem that Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B illustrate another exemplary fluid flow problem and Figure 17 A respectively distributes.

Figure 18 A and Figure 18 B illustrate sensor and the mirror layout with respect to the solar heat receiver respectively, and the curve map of the signal that is produced by sensor, and said signal is used for the method to the calibration control of mirror direction.

Figure 19 A to Figure 19 B illustrates the other example of the pipe arrangement with four-way road flow problem.

Figure 20 A to Figure 20 B illustrates the other example of the pipe arrangement with four-way road flow problem.

Figure 21 A to Figure 21 B illustrates the other example of the pipe arrangement with four-way road flow problem.

Figure 22 A to Figure 22 B illustrates the other example of the pipe arrangement with four-way road flow problem.

Figure 23 A to Figure 23 B illustrates the other example of the pipe arrangement with four-way road flow problem.

Figure 24 illustrates the other example of the pipe arrangement with binary channel flow problem.

Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C illustrates the other example of the pipe arrangement with binary channel flow problem.

Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B illustrates the block map of exemplary multitube road solar heat receiver, and said receiver is kept the flow problem shown in Fig. 3, Figure 24 or Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C.

Figure 27 A to Figure 27 B illustrates the example of pipeline fixture.

Figure 28 illustrates the example of pipe arrangement, and the motion of some frequency is suppressed in said pipe arrangement.

Figure 29 illustrates the example of pipe arrangement, and said pipe arrangement comprises the pipeline fixture that is connected to spring.

Figure 30 illustrates the example that can be used on the rotary loop in the pipe arrangement.

Figure 31 illustrates the example of the suspending mechanism of the thermal expansion that adapts to pipeline.

Figure 32 illustrates another example of the suspending mechanism of the thermal expansion that adapts to pipeline.

Figure 33 A to Figure 33 E illustrates the modification of the suspending mechanism of the thermal expansion that adapts to pipeline.

Figure 34 A to Figure 34 E illustrates the modification of pipeline jig, and said anchor clamps can be used for the for example suspending mechanism shown in Figure 31, Figure 32 and Figure 33 A to Figure 33 E.

Figure 35 A to Figure 35 B illustrates the example of pipeline, and said pipeline is clamped to suspending mechanism with accommodate thermal expansion.

Figure 36 A to Figure 36 B illustrates the modification of suspending mechanism, and said suspending mechanism adapts to the thermal expansion of pipeline.

Figure 37 A to Figure 37 C illustrates a modification of revolution collector, and said revolution collector for example can be used for the binary channel pipe arrangement shown in Fig. 3, Figure 24 or Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C.

Figure 38 A to Figure 38 L illustrates the modification of bearing assembly, and said bearing assembly is from lower support pipeline and accommodate thermal expansion.

Figure 39 A to Figure 39 B illustrates each modification, and the pipeline in these modification in the pipe arrangement has different diameters.

Figure 40 A to Figure 40 D illustrates each modification, and pressure non-linearly reduces from the far-end of entrance to receiver in these modification.

The specific embodiment

Should be with reference to the detailed description of advantages hereinafter, identical label refers to the like that spreads all over different accompanying drawings in said accompanying drawing.Accompanying drawing is not necessarily pro rata, and they show optionally embodiment, and and is not intended to the scope that limits each embodiment.Detailed description is as example rather than as the principle of restrictedly having illustrated the present invention's technology.This description will clearly make those skilled in the art can make and utilize each embodiment; And some embodiment, remodeling, modification, alternatives and the purposes of the present invention's technology have been described, comprise the current embodiment that is considered to realize the best mode of the present invention's technology.

In the time of in being used in this specification and accompanying claims, singulative " ", " being somebody's turn to do " have comprised the thing that refers to of plural number, only if context clearly shows separately.Equally, term " parallel " be intended to mean " substantially parallel " and be intended to comprise to parallel geometry slightly depart from rather than require reflector for example parallel ranks or parallelpiped or any other as herein described be arranged in parallel accurately parallel.

This paper is disclosed to be that solar energy can be gathered as the used system of heat energy, method and device.Solar radiation is directed to solar collector or receiver, and said absorber or receiver comprise one or more pipelines that accommodate heat-transfer fluid.The solar radiation that is absorbed by pipeline is passed to the heat-transfer fluid that is contained in this pipe interior.

Some system described herein, method and apparatus relate to the solar receiver that comprises pipe arrangement, and said pipe arrangement comprises a plurality of absorber pipelines.In some example, pipe arrangement can comprise thermal expansion district or mechanism, said mechanism allow a plurality of pipelines one of at least or some or all thermal expansion of a plurality of pipelines at run duration.In some cases, pipe arrangement permission some pipeline in pipe arrangement is with respect to the thermal expansion difference of other pipeline in this pipe arrangement.For example, pipe arrangement can be configured to allow between the adjacent channel or the pipeline in bosom and the thermal expansion difference between the external pipe.

In some example, pipe arrangement can cooperate to improve efficient, output and/or other performance indications of solar receiver with the irradiation pattern or the circuit of gathering solar radiation on the absorber pipeline.Some system described herein, method and apparatus relate to through the potential favourable pipe arrangement of the solar collector of the being assembled solar radiation irradiation flow path of heat-transfer fluid (and thereby) and/or relate to the potential favourable layout of the endothermic process (for example heat is absorbed as sensible heat or latent heat) in the solar collector that shone by this gatherings solar radiation.Mainly in the background of specific exemplary solar energy collection system, provided the example of this layout hereinafter, said lens system comprises that linear Fresnel reflector solar collector and point or spot focus on tower heliostat solar energy collection system.It should be understood that any suitable system that is used to assemble solar radiation well known by persons skilled in the art or exploitation afterwards, method and device can use with improved solar receiver combination described herein.

In some modification, the one or more pipelines in solar receiver described herein can be configured such that heat-transfer fluid forms a plurality of paths through receiver.When heat-transfer fluid forms " path " or " loop " that passes through receiver; Thereby heat-transfer fluid flows in pipe arrangement and crosses or pass the part of the pipe arrangement of the aggregation zone irradiation that receives solar radiation through receiver, and is heated by the solar radiation that pipeline absorbed in this zone thus.Under the multi-path sight, heat-transfer fluid crosses or passes the part of the pipe arrangement of the aggregation zone irradiation that receives solar radiation more than once.Thus; In the binary channel configuration; Thereby the solar energy heating (said solar energy is incident on the extraction duct in first path and by it and absorbs) that heat-transfer fluid flows and to be assembled through the first of pipe arrangement, thereby and with after once the part at least of the fluid of heating passed the second portion of pipe arrangement and the solar energy heating of being assembled once more (said solar energy is incident on the solar collector pipeline in the alternate path and by it and absorbs) by changed course.Attention is in some example; The hot-fluid that heat-transfer fluid is experienced in first path possibly be different from (for example more being lower than) in path subsequently; For example, thus can assemble solar radiation is incident in this part of pipe arrangement higher intensity: in this part heat-transfer fluid experienced second, third, the 4th and even pass through receiver more frequently.

In some cases; The multi-path configuration can comprise one or more going out and return loop; The length of heat-transfer fluid receiver in the first direction upper edge is advanced with the solar energy heating of being assembled in said loop, and is redirected to the solar energy heating of second direction (for example roughly being anti-parallel to the direction of first direction) to be assembled once more subsequently.In receiver with multi-path configuration; The changed course of fluid can occur in any place in the receiver; For example at the arrival end of receiver, or at the far-end relative with arrival end of receiver, or any some place between receiver inlet and its far-end.Having more than two paths through under the situation of receiver, the changed course of fluid occurs in more than a position, for example at the inlet and the far-end of receiver.Even number or odd number path can be arranged in the multi-path configuration.If number of vias is an even number, then fluid can get into and leave receiver from same end.If number of vias is an odd number, then fluid can get into and leave at relative far-end at arrival end.The length of each path can be or can not be identical in single receiver, and for example a path can extend along the total length of receiver, and another path can extend along the only part of receiver length.In some situation, fluid can be in the position between the arrival end far-end relative with it, the for example entering midway between inlet and relative far-end and/or leave receiver.In some multi-path configuration, can have on single direction a plurality of pipelines of the parallel connection of flowing, and these a plurality of parallel pipelines can be directed in less (for example one) pipeline or extremely in the other pipeline when changed course.In some multi-path configuration, pipe arrangement can comprise the pipeline of a plurality of series connection, thereby makes flow path for example pass and pass once more the zone of assembling solar radiation with snakelike layout.

Any suitable mechanism in the pipe arrangement can be used for causing the fluid changed course; For example pipeline can comprise bend; Pipeline can be fed in the revolution collector, and/or one or more pipeline can be fed to (for example U-joint, L shaped joint or T junction) in the pipe joint.

In some solar energy acquisition system, the solar radiation that is incident on the gathering on the receiver can have uneven optics (for example intensity and/or power) characteristic along one or more sizes of receiver.For example, for line focusing system (for example linear Fresnel system), the direction that the intensity of solar radiation can focus on along the line is even relatively, but can be inhomogeneous on the direction that is transverse to the line focus direction (for example with the distribution of peak value, like Gaussian curve).For the point focusing system; The intensity of solar radiation can change (the distribution that for example has the band peak value on the cross section of point focusing; Like the gaussian intensity curve, peak value is positioned near the central authorities of point focusing in said curve, and reduces in intensity on the central radially outer direction of point focusing).According to focus features and the layout and the arrangement that are used for solar radiation is focused on the reflector on the receiver; And the distance between reflector and the receiver; The optical signature that can reveal other type along one or more size tables of receiver for example has the optical signature or the non-Gaussian peak Distribution of a plurality of peak values.For example, can through will from the biasing of the focused beam of a plurality of reflectors (for example will the receiver place from the capable line focus light beam of reflector with respect to the receiver place from the capable line focus light beam biasing of another reflector) and form multi-peak at the receiver place and distribute.

Some receiver can be configured such that the one or more pipe interiors of heat-transfer fluid in receiver mobilely has been arranged to utilize the uneven irradiation on the receiver.It can be favourable doing like this: be utilized in the absorber pipeline of receiver internal wiring the low-temperature region of pipeline (for example in said zone colder heat-transfer fluid got into receiver) relatively be positioned to partly shone by the relatively low intensity that solar radiation distributes, and with the zone of the higher hot-fluid of needs of pipeline (for example with cause boiling or realize overheated) be positioned to partly shone by the relative higher-strength that solar radiation distributes.

Pipeline in the receiver can be configured to accommodate the thermal expansion of a plurality of absorber pipelines and/or the thermal expansion difference between the pipeline.In addition, the pipeline in the receiver can be configured to allow the control to the heat-transfer fluid of pipe interior, for example the mass flow in the various piece of the pipeline manifold in the permission control heat-transfer fluid entering receiver.For example, it can be favourable doing like this: the pipeline that receiver is inner is routed to and makes one or more pipelines experience a plurality of paths through receiver, and said receiver receives uneven solar radiation step-and-shoot.First path (or first path; For example first batch of 2,3 or 4 paths) can be located such that the relatively low intensity that distributed by solar radiation partly shines (for example with the heating of experience sensible heat; As do not cause boiling in order to add hot water); And path subsequently (or a collection of subsequently path) can be located such that the relative higher-strength that distributed by solar radiation partly shines (for example with the heating of experience latent heat, as with so that the water boiling).Can the part of the pipeline that needs the highest hot-fluids (for example using so that steam superheating) or one group of pipeline be located such that the higher relatively or peak strength that distributed by solar radiation partly shines.This configuration can improve production ability, efficient, output, reliability, the steam quality of solar collector, output and/or other performance parameter of superheated steam.

In design during solar collector,, may hope to reduce the pattern length of the delivery element that mainly plays the transporting fluid effect (pipeline, downcomer, bindiny mechanism, or the like) of being in operation with respect to the pattern length of endergonic delivery element.The ratio of reduction nonabsorbable delivery element and absorbability delivery element can bring more effective stock utilization and reduce the cost of investment of solar array.For example, the nonabsorbable delivery element can be less than about 1,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.3,0.2,0.18,0.16,0.14,0.12,0.1,0.08,0.06,0.04,0.02 or 0.01 with the length ratio of absorbability delivery element.In some modification, the ratio of nonabsorbable duct length and absorbability duct length is about 0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10 or 0.12.In a modification, the length of nonabsorbable pipeline is about 50 feet, and the length of absorbability pipeline is about 1280 feet.

All delivery elements comprise that thin-wallconduit or the bearing pipe steel pipe of carbon steel piping (for example, such as) all need fixture or attaching means for the stability under the situation of seismic activity.Earthquake is stable can be particularly important for the high receiver of frame (for example be used in the high linear receiver of frame in the linear Fresnel reflector array, or tower).In the high linear receiver of frame, should retrain very long pipeline preventing heavily stressed under the situation of seismic activity and to damage, but still allow the expansion of one or more pipelines and/or the thermal expansion difference between two or more pipeline with big quality.Fixture (said fixture can be or can not be the fixing point fixture), to can be used for earthquake such as the pipe-supporting handware of the motion restraining device of buffer, other type or their any combination stable.

In any suitable manner fixed-piping (the for example pipeline in the high receiver of frame) for example with meet local building or earthquake standard, to comply with the geographical position so that install so that safeguard, repair or upgrade or their any combination.In some modification, the inner one or more pipelines of receiver can be fixed in midway, thereby expansion can outwards be taken place on two rightabouts from this center fixed position.For example, if the center fixed part is positioned on the pipeline, between receiver arrival end and the far-end approximate midway, the clean expansion phase of the pipe section that then extends from this fixed position has reduced about 50% for the pipeline of equal length at the configuration that inlet or far-end are fixed.

Pipeline can be made up of any suitable material.Can receive the influence or the control of local standard (for example being used as the boiler code under the situation of heat-transfer fluid) and/or locality or national standards body (for example ASME, ASME) at water/steam to the selection of pipeline.In some situation, all pipelines in the receiver are made up of identical or materials similar (for example carbon steel) basically.In other modification, be used in different that structure and/or the composition of the pipeline in the zone of receiver can be with in another zone of receiver.For example; The carbon steel piping of certain grade can be used in the receiver part that only reaches relatively lower temp in service, and more high-grade carbon steel piping or the specified different alloy pipeline that is used for the higher temperature purposes can only be used in the conduit region that arrives maximum temperature.In the selection of pipeline material, can make similar adjustment to comply with pressure or the heat-transfer fluid that reaches during use.

Of preamble; Pipeline configuration in the solar heat receiver as herein described can comprise the thermal expansion of one or more features with one or more pipelines of adapting to the receiver run duration, and the thermal expansion difference between the inner different pipelines of clean expansion and/or the same receiver of each pipeline particularly.For the solar heat receiver, not light absorbing pipeline is reduced or reduces to minimum meeting with respect to the length of light absorbing pipeline is desirable.Do the efficient that can increase system like this, and can reduce overall cost.In the solar heat absorber; long continuous length that can be through absorber to reduce because thereby the terminal influence with position of sun of absorber realizes the optical efficiency that increases, and the overall efficiency that can realize increasing through the ratio of increase absorbability duct length and nonabsorbable duct length and the cost of reduction.Receiver and can be long as much as possible at the continuous length of the inner pipeline of this receiver, and this length receives geographic constraint, along the pressure drop of pump length or force heat-transfer fluid to pass through the restriction of the required pumping power of this absorber length.Long pipeline is divided into the increase that several sections can cause the necessity of downcomer for example etc., and needs controlling organization to coordinate flowing between a plurality of zones.Long absorbability pipeline causes the pipe expansion of increase when heating.Expansion mechanism as herein described can for example be used in the linear receiver with about 600,800,1000,1200,1400,1600,1800 or 2000 feet length.Mechanism is extenuated in thermal expansion or the zone can be arranged in the pipe arrangement and along any position of receiver; For example the arrival end of receiver, far-end receiver and that arrival end is relative or the inlet of receiver and the one or more midway between the far-end or in pipe arrangement more than a position, as at arrival end and far-end, in inlet and centre position or in far-end and centre position.In some situation,, in order to reduce the shade of energy center court, and/or for the length of nonabsorbable pipeline in the minimizing system, can hope at the inlet of receiver and/or thermal expansion is set to extenuate mechanism at far-end for example in order to reduce mechanical complexity.

Can utilize any suitable mechanism that is used for pipe expansion at the end of receiver.In some situation, be preferably and utilize the welded thermal expansion joint of solid, loop or structure.In other modification, joint of non-welding capable of using (for example spherojoint) or flexible duct or flexible pipe come accommodate thermal expansion.Pipe expansion can be designed to consider under the expection serviceability temperature, for example for the steel (like carbon steel) of suitable grade at about 200 ℃ of pipeline material thermal coefficient of expansions to about 500 ℃ temperature.In the design of thermal expansion, can consider extra factor, for example transient state, startup and cooling situation, and operator's error.These extra error amounts can be about 0.02% to about 0.2%, for example about 0.2%, 0.15%, 0.1%, 0.08%, 0.05% or 0.02% of adoptable duct lengths.For example, for 1200 feet long pipe arrangements, be designed to surpass ± 6 inches approximately, ± 12 inches or ± 18 inches approximately approximately than the target expansion or the differential expansion between two or more pipeline of one or more pipelines.

When employing can be experienced the heat-transfer fluid (for example water) of phase transformation during use, can hope to prevent or reduce the generation of slug flow or similar or correlated phenomena, these phenomenons can cause damaging the stable of pipeline, supporting member and/or control system.In order to deal with in the inner phase shift of the solar collector that comprises a plurality of pipelines, can adopt expansion pipe, said expansion pipe has reduced the possibility that slug flow forms.Expansion pipe can allow the thermal expansion of one or more pipelines, or the thermal expansion difference between two or more pipeline.

Comprising a plurality of pipelines and having in the solar collector of multi-path flow path, but the quantity in the number of tubes in the selective absorber, pipe diameter and/or flow path loop is to improve the efficient of solar array (the linear Fresnel reflector array that for example comprises the multitube road receiver that frame is high).When definite efficient and performance; For example estimate heat loss, between the inoperative period (for example at night) loss, when starting loss and shutdown loss, the quantity of energy of storage is an important parameters fluid in residing in array (receiver and any transfer element) in.In some modification, can hope to reduce the quantity of energy that between the inoperative period, loses, and for example aspect net energy, increase the quantity of energy that run duration is passed to main frame (turbine, production process etc.).Like this, but evaluating system in operation and inoperative period rather than only in the performance of run duration.In some modification,, thereby can select the quantity of pipeline and/or diameter the specific volume that heat-transfer fluid increases along with the carrying out of heating to be taken into account to increase mobile volume for example in order to increase the efficient of solar heat absorber when the steady-state operation.

When the two or more parallel paths inside in multitube road solar collector has two-phase flow (for example water and steam), can control the mass flow that gets into each parallel path so that can be not for example owing to uneven hot-fluid and/or uneven pressure drop cause the inequality between a plurality of paths to be shared.This imbalance between a plurality of parallel paths flows and can cause flow condition out of control, said flow condition out of control then can cause the dry of pipeline or damage.Therefore, in some multichannel pipeline is arranged, can hope the mobile meeting of a plurality of export-oriented pipelines is bonded in the single revolution collector, and will collaborate subsequently to guide to the single recurrent canal that is used for next path from pipeline.

Any combination that can any multitube as herein described road solar collector or their Variant Design become to have one of following characteristic or following characteristic: i) thermal expansion district, said thermal expansion district allow the expansion of one or more pipelines and/or the thermal expansion difference between two or more pipeline; Ii) one or more mechanisms, said mechanism allows the thermal expansion or the thermal expansion difference of pipeline, reduces simultaneously or prevents wearing and tearing even the long term wear on the pipe surface; Iii) control or extenuate the system of the swivel point formation slug flow between path; Iv) one or more mechanisms, said mechanism allow expansion or thermal expansion but the restriction conduit of pipeline to expand, thereby pipeline is not in heavily stressed configuration or the state; And/or v) fixing (for example said fixing can be or can not be the fixture of fixing) to one or more structures are with opposing taphrogeny and/or damage.

Flow control apparatus can be used on pipe arrangement inside keeping the heat transfer stream scale of construction of solar collector internal balance, and for example in standard operation, hot machine or owing to prevent any part overheated of solar collector during the transient state that the cloud layer covering causes etc.When the downstream loop through a plurality of parallelpipeds takes place to flow and when not having flow control apparatus in the porch of each pipeline to downstream loop; Along the pressure drop meeting of the duct length in the downstream loop based on the difference of the mass flow of each pipe interior and fluid density and different; Because the hot-fluid on the pipeline is changing; Said downstream loop is by a plurality of pipeline feedings in circuit upstream, and said a plurality of pipelines in circuit upstream are less than the number of tubes in downstream loop.For example, suppose that phase transformation takes place with heat transfer, than the parallel path pipeline in same circuit accept low hot-fluid but the pipeline of equal mass flow can have than the parallel path pipeline in same circuit less heat transfer with thereby have higher density.The mass flow that equates of higher fluid density and entering pipeline can cause lower average fluid velocity and thereby lower pressure drop.This species diversity of pressure drop can form imbalance, and wherein the more multithread amount from circuit upstream is directed along the pipeline that has than low pressure drop, and this is caused by the relatively low hot-fluid that is incident on this pipeline.This then can reduce the average fluid density in this pipeline more, continue to reduce pressure drop and increase with the enthalpy that reduces in this pipeline.The higher hot-fluid of acceptance in downstream loop and thereby pipeline with density of minimizing have higher pressure drop, this has suppressed to get into flow wherein, the enthalpy that has further increased fluid wherein increases, and has reduced density more.This can cause runaway condition, and pipeline can be full of water and other pipeline because flow can finally stop and by the superheated steam evaporate to dryness in said runaway condition.Can share with the ACTIVE CONTROL flow or extenuate the influence of flow being shared through on the inlet of each pipeline, adding flow control apparatus (for example control valve or choke block), thereby avoid or reduce this mobile imbalance along the pressure drop of pipeline.Branch gets into a plurality of downstream line if pipe arrangement makes one or more upstream line, then can between upstream line and downstream line, adopt flow control apparatus with the flow of control entering downstream line and the imbalance that reduces or prevent to flow.In some situation; For example when flow control apparatus is arranged on each the inlet of a plurality of pipelines in the circuit upstream; Said a plurality of pipeline pass in the downstream loop equal number or more in the pipeline of minority; Thereby make the quantity of the quantity of the parallel flow paths in circuit upstream more than or equal to the parallel flow paths in any downstream loop; Particularly when a plurality of pipelines in circuit upstream passed in the single pipeline in downstream loop, the flow control apparatus that is arranged in the porch of the pipeline in the circuit upstream capable of using was controlled at the flow in the downstream loop and need not other flow control apparatus and is arranged between circuit upstream and the downstream loop.

With reference now to Fig. 1,, comprise repeller field 110 and 120 a modification neutral line fresnel reflector solar collector system 100, said repeller field is arranged in solar heat receiver 105 both sides that the high linearity of frame is extended.Repeller field 110 and 120 comprises capable 110-1 to 110-6 of reflector and 120-1 to 120-6 respectively.Also considered other configuration, the both sides of receiver 105 have greater or less than 6 reflectors capable in said configuration.For example, can there be 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 reflectors capable in each side of receiver.In some situation, can there be the reflector of varying number capable in the both sides of receiver.The quantity that reflector is capable needs not to be even number.For example, can there be a reflector that directly is arranged under the receiver capable and capable at the even number reflector of receiver both sides.Thereby can with the apparent motion of sun-tracing during by day solar radiation be reflexed to solar heat receiver 105 around their angular direction of the major axis of reflector adjustment.At the U.S. Patent application 10/563 of title for " Carrier and Drive Arrangement for aSolar Energy Reflector System (carrier and the drive unit that are used for solar energy reflector system) "; 170, title is the U.S. Patent application 10/563 of " Carrier for a Solar Energy Reflector Element (carrier that is used for the solar reflector element) "; 171 and title be the U.S. Patent application 12/012 of " Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays and Drives Therefor (linear fresnel solar arrays be used for this driving) "; The reflector that is used for the linear Fresnel system and the example of driving are provided in 821, and each said application is incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that; Be known in the art the linear Fresnel collector; And for the linear fresnel solar collector among Fig. 1, the characteristic of supporting structure and the general layout of reflector are intended to the schematic illustrations as representative numerous configurations known in the art.Suitable linear Fresnel system can include but not limited to disclosed system in these applications: in submission on August 14th, 2006, title is the U.S. Patent application 10/597 of " Multi-Tube Solar collector Structure (multitube road solar collector structure) "; 966, in submission on February 5th, 2008, title be the U.S. Patent application 12/012 of " Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays and Drives Therefor (linear fresnel solar arrays and the driving that is used for this) "; 821, in submission on February 5th, 2008, title be the U.S. Patent application 12/012 of " Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays and Receivers Therefor (linear fresnel solar arrays and the receiver that is used for this) "; 829 and on February 5th, 2008 submit to, title is the U.S. Patent application 12/012 of " Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays and Components Therefor (linear fresnel solar arrays and the parts that are used for this) "; 920, each said application all is incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper.

Refer again to Fig. 1, solar heat receiver 105 comprises that solar heat absorber pipeline arranges 125, and said pipe arrangement comprises a plurality of parallelpipeds 130 of arranging with mode side by side.The heat recipient fluid (for example water) that passes pipeline 130 can be focused to the solar radiation heating on the heat absorber 125.In some modification; It (is the U.S. Patent application 10/597 of " multitube road solar collector structure " in submission on August 14th, 2006, title for example that solar heat receiver 105 can have the patent application of for example mentioning at preceding text; 966, on February 5th, 2008 submit to, title is the U.S. Patent application 12/012,829 of " linear fresnel solar arrays and the receiver that is used for this ") in the structure of the reversing groove type described.In some modification, solar heat receiver 105 also can comprise reflecting surface, and the light from mirror field 110 and/or 120 that said reflecting surface will be incident on them reflexes to pipeline 130.

Of preamble, can be uneven along the intensity of solar radiation of one or more directions of receiver.For line focusing system, intensity of solar radiation can be in receiver the length along receiver even relatively, but inhomogeneous on the receiver transverse width perpendicular to receiver length, the length of said receiver is parallel to the length direction of line focusing system.

With reference now to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; Curve Figure 135 shows an example; The intensity of solar radiation of in this example, assembling (" I ") shows nonlinear characteristic curve I (X) along width (direction " X "), said width be transverse to (perpendicular to) major axis (length " L ") of solar heat receiver 105.In Fig. 2, solar heat receiver 105 is shown with cross section along its width (directions X).Shown in example in, horizontal intensity of solar radiation distribution I (X), and thereby heat flux distribution to the solar collector pipe arrangement 125 be the band peak value, said pipe arrangement 125 comprises pipeline 130.Shown in curve Figure 136, except possible end effect 138, along vertical intensity of solar radiation I (L) substantially constant of length L, said end effect 138 is corresponding to the end 137 of receiver.

Although particular variant shown in Figure 2 shows the solar radiation characteristic I (X) with single central peak value, also considered the non-linear solar radiation characteristic of other type.Can be adjusted the shape of indicatrix I (X) and/or I (L) by repeller field, said repeller field is used for solar radiation is accumulated in the receiver place.For example; Distance between the focal length of reflector capable of using, reflector and the receiver, from the relative arrangement of the focused beam of a plurality of reflectors (for example from the relative arrangement of the capable line focus light beam of a plurality of reflectors, wherein from the capable focus of reflector can with align from the capable focus of another reflector or setover) and/or the spatial aggregation of reflector adjust the shape of indicatrix I (X) and/or I (L).In addition; Can through reflector is positioned to for example make the peak value of indicatrix I (X) to align to adjust with the center line " C " of receiver indicatrix I (X) with respect to the arrangement of receiver (and thereby receiver in pipe arrangement), said center line is divided into two the lateral dimension X of receiver and extends along receiver length L.In other modification, the peak value of indicatrix I (X) can be with respect to the center line C biasing of receiver.

The optical signature on the receiver (the for example I (X) on the transverse width of the linear Fresnel receiver in multitube road) can be skyrocket to peak value, gradually to peak value or multi-peak, or can be on width monotone variation.Optical signature can be arranged to the symmetrical geometry (thereby the center line of optical signature is alignd with the transverse center of receiver) about receiver, or asymmetric about the geometry of receiver.Can for example utilize distance between focal length, reflector and the receiver of reflector, reflector set, reflector arrangement and/or (for example can be arranged on the same line focus from the positioned opposite of the capable light that is reflected of reflector from the capable gathering light beam of each reflector; Or can form a line focus from a capable gathering light beam of reflector, and said line focus is with respect to from the capable line focus biasing of another reflector) regulate or change optical signature and along the solar energy concentration degree of optical signature performance with adjustment solar collector system.In some modification; Incident solar radiation be about 2, be about 3, be about 4 or be about 5 or be about 6 factor (for example about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5 or about 6 times sunlight) accumulate in distribution curve pterion (said pterion can be arranged in and be incident on the outermost pipeline) and be about 20, be about 30, be about 40, be about 50, be about 60 or be about 70 factor of (for example about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50, about 60 or about 70 times sunlight) accumulate in the peak value place of characteristic, said peak value can be arranged in and make it be formed on the bosom pipeline of pipe arrangement.Of preamble, along the intensity of solar radiation of the major axis of solar heat receiver 105 distribute (being that vertical intensity of solar radiation distributes) can be for example substantially invariable.

Hot-fluid in peak value place to the pipe arrangement of indicatrix I (X) is bigger.For the receiver in the linear Fresnel receiver (said receiver has parallel pipeline side by side for example illustrated in figures 1 and 2); If the peak value of indicatrix I (X) aligns with the center line of receiver; Then hot-fluid thereby at bosom pipeline place greater than at two most external pipeline places (in the example at Fig. 2, hot-fluid at pipeline 130-5 and 130-6 place can greater than in the rightmost side pipeline 130-10 and pipeline 130-1 place, the leftmost side).

Considered that also the upward uneven multiple intensity of solar radiation of lateral dimension (width) at receiver distributes.It can be in shape and/or uneven on the absolute or relative value of solar energy collecting that intensity of solar radiation distributes.For example, in other modification, laterally intensity of solar radiation distributes and can comprise a plurality of peak values (for example hereinafter Figure 11 B).Equally, although the basic symmetry of horizontal intensity of solar radiation distribution I (X) shown in Figure 2 and placed in the middle on pipeline 130, laterally the intensity of solar radiation distribution can be asymmetric and/or placed in the middle on pipeline 130 in other modification.In some modification, it is about 3: 1 to about 20: 1, about 3: 1 to about 15: 1, about 3: 1 to about 10: 1 or about 3: 1 to about 5: 1 at the intensity of solar radiation of the centerline that is parallel to pipeline 130 major axis of pipeline 130 ratio that distributes with intensity of solar radiation that distributes in the centerline of the most external pipeline of pipeline 130.In the example of Fig. 2, center line C is also parallel with it between the 5th and the 6th pipeline.

The hot-fluid that it shall yet further be noted that the heat transfer pipe experience is influenced by the solar absorption of pipeline self and divergence characterization.Can on all or a part of pipe arrangement, adopt solar selective coat, said coating increases solar absorption and reduces and disperse in the temperature range of operation of hope.In some situation; Can different solar selective coats be applied to the different piece of pipe arrangement; First solar selective coat that for example is applicable to low temperature can be applied to those limited pipelines of temperature increase during use, and is applicable to that second solar selective coat of higher temperatures can be applied to those pipelines (for example being positioned at the pipeline of central authorities) that in use reach higher temperature.

Although notice that Fig. 2 illustrates ten pipelines 130, this paper disclosed method, system and device can suitably adopt greater or less than ten pipelines.For any pipe arrangement as herein described, but shown in pipeline 130 some or all each all represent set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.When with in this article the time, the plane that is limited being arranged side by side of pipeline can be the tangent plane of upper surface of tangent plane or pipeline of the lower surface of the plane that limits, the center pipeline, pipeline.Equally, be in a plane although pipeline 130 is shown, parallelpiped 130 can be arranged side by side in nonplanar layout in other modification, for example forming the arc of convex or spill, or is arranged in two or more parallel or intersecting planes.Two such intersecting planes can form for example V-arrangement or herringbone with respect to ground, or V-arrangement that falls or herringbone.In some situation, can form non-planar arrangement in one or more pipelines with external diameter different or the one or more pipelines that are positioned in outside the plane that limits in other pipeline with other pipeline.Have essentially identical internal diameter and external diameter although pipeline shown in Figure 2 130 is shown, in other modification (some said modification is shown in hereinafter), one or more pipelines can have than bigger external diameter and/or the internal diameter of other pipeline in same pipeline is arranged.For example, the most central pipeline can have external diameter and the internal diameter bigger than external pipe, the outside that said external pipe is positioned at or adjacent conduit is arranged.With reference now to Figure 39 A; It shows pipe arrangement 1000; The center of pipeline 130 defines plane 1001 in said pipe arrangement; But the lower surface of pipeline 130 is not in the same level, because the pipeline 130-4 and the 130-8 of central authorities have the diameter bigger than external pipe 130-1,130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6 and 130-7.Figure 39 B shows pipe arrangement 1003, in said pipe arrangement the lower surface defining of pipeline 130 plane 1004.Can be based on the location of the relative diameter of pipeline, reflector focusing and any secondary reflector that possibly have on pipe arrangement and select the for example pipe arrangement shown in Figure 39 A to Figure 39 B.For example, if there is not secondary reflector, for example select in some cases then that the pipe arrangement shown in Figure 39 B can be favourable, thereby for example make larger-diameter pipeline can shown in Figure 39 A, effectively not hinder the adjacent channel of light arrival than minor diameter.

With reference now to Fig. 3,, pipe arrangement 230 is included in the pipeline 130-1 to 130-8 in the solar collector, and said pipeline connects mutually with the binary channel fluid flow path shown in providing.Heat-transfer fluid (for example feedwater) (for example a plurality of parallel export-oriented path) in one or more export-oriented paths from inlet header flows to first path of the far-end of receiver with formation experience gathering solar radiation indicatrix (not shown) on export-oriented direction, and is extremely experienced the alternate path of assembling the solar radiation indicatrix to form in one or more return paths from the mobile of one or more export-oriented paths by changed course (for example via the revolution collector) subsequently.In this specific example; Half of pipe arrangement comprises that extroversion is mobile and return mobile; Said extroversion flows and to comprise three parallel paths, said return to flow comprise single path, said single path is in (adverse current) on the direction that is anti-parallel to outward direction.But; Also considered other modification; In said modification, can the export-oriented parallel path of any desired number be redirected in the return path of any desired number; For example 1,2,4,5 or 6 parallel export-oriented path is redirected in the single adverse current return path; Or 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 parallel export-oriented path is redirected in 2 parallel adverse current return paths, or 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 parallel export-oriented path is redirected in 3 parallel adverse current return paths, or 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 parallel export-oriented path is redirected in 4 parallel adverse current return paths; Or 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 parallel export-oriented path is redirected in 5 parallel adverse current return paths, or 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 parallel export-oriented path is redirected in 6 parallel adverse current return paths.Notice that above-mentioned many flow paths are intended to arrange or be in half pipe arrangement in the receiver to the whole pipe in the receiver, for example said half pipe arrangement with respect to the receiver center line by mirror image.As discuss more in detail hereinafter, some modification of pipe arrangement can only comprise from a plurality of parallel path pipe branch or be redirected to equal number or still less the pipeline (for example from a plurality of pipe branch or be redirected to single pipeline to avoid this sight: this sight, branch to lopsidedly can cause unstable in a plurality of pipelines or operation out of control).In some situation, can comprise one or more flow control apparatus in changed course or branch point place, for example to allow the flow equilibrium between a plurality of branches in pipe arrangement.

Refer again to Fig. 3; Three parallel export-oriented paths of center line C one side that heat-transfer fluid (for example feedwater) is directed at the receiver (not shown) from inlet header 140 (most external pipeline 130-1 with and adjacent channel 130-2 and 130-3), and through most external pipeline 130-5 with and adjacent channel 130-6 be directed in three other parallel export-oriented paths with 130-7.Fluid in pipeline 130-1,130-2 and 130-3 is mobile through pipeline 130-4 thereby junction alters course with quilt at the end (for example in revolution collector 175-1 as shown in the figure) of these pipelines, and said pipeline 130-4 is in and passes through in the antiparallel return path in path of pipeline 130-1,130-2 and 130-3.Similarly; Fluid in pipeline 130-5,130-6 and 130-7 is turning round in the end of these pipelines and is joining among the collector 175-2 to flow through pipeline 130-8, and said pipeline 130-8 is in and passes through in the antiparallel return path in path of pipeline 130-5,130-6 and 130-7.Join in outlet header 145 from the fluid of pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 subsequently.In other modification, pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 are substitutable for single pipeline, and this single pipeline is carried the backflow of all pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6 and 130-7.In also having other modification, shown in pipeline 130 partly or entirely can each all represent the set rather than the individual tubes of parallel pipeline.

Fig. 3 shows (imaginary) center line C that is labeled as dotted line; Said dotted line is parallel to and is arranged in the transverse center of the pipeline 130 of pipe arrangement 230, and the flow path through pipeline 130-1 to 130-4 is symmetrical in the flow path through pipeline 130-5 to 130-8 about said center line.Similarly about the flow path of center line symmetry for example shown in hereinafter Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C, Fig. 6, Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 16 A, Figure 17 A, although the center line of each pipe arrangement, solar collector or pipeline is not shown among these figure clearly.Also can be used on about the flow path of the center line of receiver symmetry among Fig. 7 and some modification shown in Figure 8 of hereinafter for example.

Of preamble, the pipeline in receiver can be arranged to distribute corresponding to uneven horizontal intensity of solar radiation.Still with reference to figure 3, in some modification, mobile fluid through pipeline 130 is water and/or steam; And pipeline is shone by solar radiation; Said solar radiation has uneven transverse intensity distribution, and intensity peak aligns with center line C, for example is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification, the wing of intensity distributions and shoulder can be incident on respectively on most external pipeline 130-1 and the 130-5 and be last at adjacent channel 130-2,130-3 and 130-6,130-7.Thus, the heat flux distribution that is used for export-oriented first path to pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6 and 130-7 can be relatively low, thus increase its temperature and can not cause the boiling.Peak strength is incident on bosom pipeline 130-4 and the 130-8; Thereby make in accordingly hot-fluid greater than the hot-fluid on the most external pipeline through the alternate path return path of bosom pipeline 130-4 and 130-8; Thereby aqueous water can be further heated so that thereby its boiling produces steam, and steam can be further heated to produce superheated steam.Saturated subsequently or superheated steam can leave pipeline 130 through outlet header 145.In this modification; The enthalpy of the fluid in pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6 and 130-7 at first about equally; And during fluid passes through along duct length for the first time, increase subsequently, and between it is through the alternate path return period of pipeline 130-4 and 130-8, further increase along with the fluid heat absorption.

Attention in the example just described neutralization example hereinafter, specific endothermic process (heating aqueous water, make the water boiling, make steam superheating) and the specific region of solar collector and/or the steady-state operation that combines to be intended to be directed against solar collector of the particular conduit among the pipeline in the solar collector 130.During the transient behaviour (when for example starting, when shutting down and when cloud layer interrupt or during the minimizing solar flux) might not keep this combination.

In this modification and the superheated steam that in other modification hereinafter described that specifies, produces can have for example about 300 ℃ of pressure, or about 370 ℃ of pressure to about 450 ℃ temperature and about 100 crust to about 130 crust to about 450 ℃ temperature and about 70 crust to about 130 crust.In some modification, superheated steam has the pressure of about 450 ℃ temperature and about 130 crust.

In arbitrary example as herein described; Available one or more flow control apparatus (for example valve and/or FLOW CONTROL throttle orifice) is controlled the mass flowrate that gets into pipeline, and available one or more flow control apparatus (for example valve or FLOW CONTROL throttle orifice) is controlled the flow and the pressure that come out from pipeline.The FLOW CONTROL throttle orifice can be limited flow (for example through having the internal diameter of minimizing) and/or adjustment flow (for example with reduce turbulent flow, bubble, eddy flow, or the like) device.Flow control apparatus can be (throttle orifice of fixed diameter or the fixing valve) of active (for example adjustable valve) or passive type.In some situation, valve can be used to definite orifice dimensions of hoping or is used between the installation period of system, and subsequently can be by the throttle orifice alternative valve.Comprise in the situation of a plurality of parallel export-oriented pipelines and/or a plurality of parallel Returning pipes at pipe arrangement; Single flow control apparatus can be used for controlling the mass flowrate that gets into a plurality of parallelpipeds, and/or single flow control apparatus can be used for controlling the flow that comes out from a plurality of parallel Returning pipes.In other modification, can on each export-oriented pipeline and/or each Returning pipe, use independent flow control apparatus (for example valve or throttle orifice).In some situation, use capable of being combined is more than a flow control apparatus, the for example FLOW CONTROL throttle orifice use of can connecting with valve.Of preamble; A plurality of pipe branch in circuit upstream get in the pipe arrangement of a plurality of pipelines in the downstream loops, and flow control apparatus can be used between circuit upstream and the downstream loop (for example at turning circle) to reduce or to prevent the development of imbalance of flow in the downstream loop.In some situation; The flow control apparatus of the porch of circuit upstream (for example) can be used for controlling flowing in the downstream loop on the pipeline in circuit upstream; For example pass under the single ducted situation, thereby reduced the possibility that imbalance of flow develops at this pipeline.But selector valve is adjusted at the control that is centering to low flow rate under the system pressure up to about 5000psi.Can adopt any suitable valve; For example be of a size of the spherical control valve of standard of 1/2 inch, 3/4 inch or 1 inch size, for example can be selected from RESEARCH the valve same clan of Tulsa city, Oklahoma state BadgerMeter company any one.In some modification, adopted RESEARCH

valve of 1 inch size.

In the example of Fig. 3, can for example control by flow control apparatus (for example valve and/or throttle orifice) 150-1 and 150-2 through fluid (for example water, steam and the superheated steam) flow rate of pipeline 130.Can be by the flow rate of these flow control apparatus control through pipeline 130 steam quality (the for example temperature of the quality of saturated vapor or superheated steam and/or pressure) for example so that hope to be provided in outlet header 145.Can control the relative fluid flow rate that passes through parallel flow paths that provides by pipeline 130-1,130-2 and 130-3 by optional flow control apparatus (said device can be throttle orifice) 155-1 and 155-2.If device 155-1 throttle orifice then can have the diameter littler than the diameter of throttle orifice 155-2, this provides than passing through the slow flow rate of passing through pipeline 130-1 of pipeline 130-2 in some modification.Although not shown in Fig. 3, optional flow control apparatus can be arranged the flow through parallelpiped 130-3, and this can provide than passing through pipeline 130-2 or the fast flow that passes through pipeline 130-3 of pipeline 130-1.Similarly; Can be by optional flow control apparatus (for example throttle orifice) 155-5 and 155-6 and alternatively, the flow control apparatus (not shown) on pipeline 130-7 is arranged the relative fluid flow rate that passes through parallel flow paths that is provided by pipeline 130-5,130-6 and 130-7.If install the 155-5 throttle orifice, then have the little diameter of diameter of ratio device 155-6, in some modification, this provides than passing through the slow flow rate of passing through pipeline 130-5 of pipeline 130-6.On pipeline 130-7,, then can provide than passing through pipeline 130-5 or the fast flow that passes through pipeline 130-7 of pipeline 130-6 if adopt flow control apparatus.

Should be understood that and also considered other pipe arrangement that heat-transfer fluid has formed more than two through assembling the path in solar radiation zone, for example three, four, five or six paths in said pipe arrangement.Fig. 4 shows the example of pipe arrangement, and heat-transfer fluid has formed four through assembling the path in solar radiation zone in said pipe arrangement.Wherein, pipe arrangement 330 comprises pipeline 130, and said pipeline 130 is interconnected into the feasible four-way road fluid flow path that realized.Fluid from inlet header 140 flows through most external pipeline 130-1 and 130-5 in parallel path.From the fluid of pipeline 130-1 subsequently along serpentine path through pipeline 130-2,130-3 and 130-4, said each pipeline alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-1.Similarly, from the fluid of pipeline 130-5 along serpentine path through pipeline 130-6,130-7 and 130-8, said each pipeline alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-5.Fluid (for example saturated vapor or superheated steam) from pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 is joined in outlet header 145 subsequently.In other modification, pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 can be substituted by single pipeline, and said single pipeline transports the backflow from pipeline 130-3 and 130-7.In also having other modification, shown in some or all of pipeline 130 can each all represent set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.

Still with reference to figure 4, in some modification, mobile fluid through pipeline 130 is a water.In some cases, pipeline is shone by solar radiation, and said solar radiation has nonlinear transverse intensity distribution, for example is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification; Heat flux distribution to the pipeline 130 can add the aqueous water of heat flow through pipeline 130 increases its temperature with (for example 130-1,130-2,130-5,130-6) under relatively low hot-fluid (compared to by assembling peak value hot-fluid that solar radiation provides) in the external pipe of pipeline 130; (for example 130-3,130-4,130-7,130-8) makes the aqueous water boiling to produce steam under higher relatively hot-fluid in the pipeline at adjacent conduit 130 centers subsequently, and (alternatively) in the pipeline of the bosom of pipeline 130 (for example 130-4,130-8) makes steam superheating with suitable or higher hot-fluid subsequently.Saturated subsequently or superheated steam can leave pipeline 130 through outlet header 145.In this modification, the enthalpy of fluid in pipeline 130-1 and 130-5 originally about equally, and subsequently during it passes pipeline along with fluid heat absorption and increase.

In the example of Fig. 4, can for example control by flow control apparatus 160-1 and 160-5 through fluid (for example water, steam and the superheated steam) flow rate of pipeline 130.Can control the steam quality (the for example temperature of the quality of saturated vapor, superheated steam and/or temperature/pressure) of flow rate in outlet header 145 by these valves or throttle orifice so that hope for example to be provided through pipeline 130.

Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C illustrates the exemplary arrangements of pipeline 130, and said layout is kept flow path shown in Figure 4.These illustrate the exemplary distribution of the fluid endothermic process in pipeline 130 that is used for a certain modification, and heat recipient fluid is a water in said modification.Be shown three zones with oblique line, cross spider and solid shade respectively such zone is shown: water is heated to increase its temperature (economizer district), to make the saturation water boiling to produce steam (ebullator/boiler or evaporator region) and to make steam superheating (overheated zone) in these zones.The first economizer district comprises pipeline 130-1 and 130-2, and the first ebullator district comprises the part of pipeline 130-3 and pipeline 130-4, and first overheated zone comprises the remainder of pipeline 130-4.Border between the first ebullator district and first overheated zone appears at the 170-4 place, position in the pipeline 130-4.The second economizer district comprises pipeline 130-5 and 130-6, and the second ebullator district comprises the part of pipeline 130-7 and pipeline 130-8, and second overheated zone comprises the remainder of pipeline 130-8.Border between the second ebullator district and second overheated zone appears at the 170-8 place, position of pipeline 130-8.

In some modification that arbitrary fluid flow path disclosed herein is arranged, can on the either side of ebullator/mistake thermal boundary, (for example border 1176-4 and the 1176-8 among border 170-4 among Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C and 170-8 and Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B) carry out temperature survey with the fluid flow rate of assist control through pipeline 130.For example, if having the value corresponding to aqueous water in expection or the temperature measurement result that is designed on the overheated side of ebullator/mistake thermal boundary, then can reduce the flow rate through pipeline, this border appears in this pipeline.Alternatively, if the temperature measurement result on the ebullator side that is contemplated to overheated/ebullator border then can increase the flow rate through pipeline corresponding to superheated steam, this border appears in this pipeline.In addition or alternatively, any suitable temperature and/or the pressure measurements that carry out in the other places among pipeline 130 capable of using are controlled fluid flow.In some cases, the temperature in the joint hot-zone of pipe arrangement can be used as the feedback controling variable that is used for the hierarchy of control.In some cases, the length of pipeline can be used as the feedback controling variable that is used for the hierarchy of control.In some modification, the temperature adjustment spraying can be used for regulating the temperature in the pipeline.The temperature adjustment spraying can be used separately or use the steam output (quality and/or flow rate) to realize hoping with the control heat-transfer fluid through the mass flowrate combination of pipeline, or the production (the for example flow rate of superheated steam and temperature and/or pressure) of control superheated steam.This other or optional hierarchy of control can comprise or be similar to but be not limited to be incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper, on May 15th, 2009 submit to, title is the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 61/216 of " being used to utilize solar radiation to produce the system and method for steam "; The disclosed hierarchy of control in 253; And/or be incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper, on May 22nd, 2009 submit to, same title for the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 61/216,878 of " being used to utilize solar radiation to produce the system and method for steam " in the disclosed hierarchy of control.

In some modification; Control the fluid flow through pipeline 130 by one or at least one flow control apparatus (for example valve or throttle orifice), said flow control apparatus is used for fluid and leaves each (for example saturated vapor or superheated steam) pipeline that pipeline 130 is passed through.In some modification, the relative flow rate of all parallel flow paths that water possibly seethe with excitement therein (for example three pipelines of 130 either sides of the pipeline in Fig. 3) receives one or more FLOW CONTROL mechanisms (for example throttle orifice or valve) control.Produce in the modification of superheated steam at some, measured the temperature of superheated steam in the exit that superheated steam leaves arbitrary pipeline that pipeline 130 passed through.The temperature of being surveyed can be used for feedback for example is provided so that control valve is controlled the fluid flow through superheat steam pipeline.

In some modification; Also can be used for controlling the fluid flow through pipeline with the identical or substantially similar fluid FLOW CONTROL system of fluid FLOW CONTROL system (comprising the utilization to valve, throttle orifice and temperature and pressure measurement result) up to the present disclosed in this specification, said pipeline is the pipeline of the solar collector of the hereinafter description in this detail specifications.

Form along pipeline 130 in some modification of two paths (promptly export-oriented and return) in fluid flow path; In the example for example shown in Figure 3; The solar heat receiver that supports this flow path can be (for example the solar heat receiver can be positioned on the slope) of tilting, and pipeline 130 is oriented that the water that makes in the pipeline 130 flows downward and steam in the pipeline 130 upwards flows.

With reference now to Fig. 6,, in another modification, pipeline in the solar collector 130 connects mutually with the five-way road fluid flow path shown in providing.Fluid from inlet header 140 flows through most external pipeline 130-1 and 130-5 in parallel path.From the fluid of pipeline 130-1 subsequently along serpentine path through pipeline 130-2,130-3 and 130-4, said each pipeline alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-1.Similarly, from the fluid of pipeline 130-5 along serpentine path through pipeline 130-6,130-7 and 130-8, said each pipeline alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-5.Fluid from pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 is joined in pipeline 130-9 subsequently, and said pipeline 130-9 advances to be connected to outlet header 145 with being anti-parallel to pipeline 130-4 and 130-8.In other modification, shown in some or all of pipeline 130 can each all represent set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.

Still with reference to figure 6, mobile fluid through pipeline 130 is a water in some modification, and pipeline is shone by solar radiation, and said solar radiation has the intensity distributions that is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification; Heat flux distribution to the pipeline 130 can add the aqueous water of heat flow through pipeline 130 increases its temperature with (for example 130-1,130-2,130-5,130-6) under relatively low hot-fluid (compared to by assembling peak value hot-fluid that solar radiation provides) in the external pipe of pipeline 130; (for example 130-3,130-4,130-7,130-8) makes the aqueous water boiling to produce steam under higher relatively hot-fluid in the pipeline at adjacent conduit 130 centers subsequently, and (alternatively) in the pipeline of the bosom of pipeline 130 (for example 130-9) makes steam superheating with suitable or higher hot-fluid subsequently.Saturated subsequently or superheated steam can leave pipeline 130 through outlet header 145.In this modification, the enthalpy of fluid in pipeline 130-1 and 130-5 originally about equally, and subsequently during it passes pipeline along with fluid heat absorption and increase.

In the example of Fig. 6, can for example control by flow control apparatus (for example valve or throttle orifice) 160-1 and 160-5 through fluid (for example water, steam and the superheated steam) flow rate of pipeline 130.Can control the steam quality (the for example temperature of the quality of saturated vapor, superheated steam and/or pressure) of flow rate in outlet header 145 by these flow control apparatus so that hope for example to be provided through pipeline 130.

In another modification, the pipeline 130 in the solar collector connects so that four-way road flow path shown in Figure 7 to be provided mutually.Come collector 200 from the fluid of inlet header 140 is mobile through pipeline 130-1, cross to pipeline 130-5, come collector 210 through pipeline 130-5 (being anti-parallel to path) subsequently through pipeline 130-1 through collector 200.Fluid from collector 210 flows through pipeline 130-2 and 130-6 (being parallel to the path through pipeline 130-1) in parallel path.From the fluid of pipeline 130-2 subsequently along serpentine path through pipeline 130-3 and 130-4, said pipeline is alternately antiparallel and be parallel to the path through pipeline 130-2 subsequently.Similarly, from the fluid of pipeline 130-6 along serpentine path through pipeline 130-7 and 130-8, said pipeline is alternately antiparallel and be parallel to the path through pipeline 130-6 subsequently.Fluid from pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 is joined in outlet header 145 subsequently.In other modification, pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 can be substituted by single pipeline, and said single pipeline will be delivered to outlet header 145 from the fluid of pipeline 130-3 and 130-7.In also having other modification, shown in some or all of pipeline 130 can each all represent set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.

Still with reference to figure 7, mobile fluid through pipeline 130 is a water in some modification, and pipeline is shone by solar radiation, and said solar radiation has the intensity distributions that is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification; Heat flux distribution to the pipeline 130 can add the aqueous water of heat flow through pipeline 130 increases its temperature with (for example 130-1,130-2,130-5,130-6) under relatively low hot-fluid (compared to by assembling peak value hot-fluid that solar radiation provides) in the external pipe of pipeline 130; (for example 130-3,130-4,130-7,130-8) makes the aqueous water boiling to produce steam under higher relatively hot-fluid in the pipeline at adjacent conduit 130 centers subsequently, and (alternatively) in the pipeline of the bosom of pipeline 130 (for example 130-4,130-8) makes steam superheating with suitable or higher hot-fluid subsequently.Saturated subsequently or superheated steam can leave pipeline 130 through outlet header 145.

In the example of Fig. 7, fluid (for example water, steam and the superheated steam) flow rate through pipeline 130 can be for example controlled by the throttle orifice 215-2 and the 215-6 of valve or fixed diameter.Can control the steam quality (the for example temperature of the quality of saturated vapor, superheated steam and/or pressure) of flow rate in outlet header 145 by these valves or throttle orifice so that hope for example to be provided through pipeline 130.

In another modification, the pipeline 130 in the solar collector connects so that four-way road flow path shown in Figure 8 to be provided mutually.Come collector 200 from the fluid of inlet header 140 is mobile through pipeline 130-1, cross to also passing through pipeline 130-5 through collector 220 subsequently, said pipeline is anti-parallel to the path through pipeline 130-1.Flow subsequently from the fluid of pipeline 130-5 and to come collector 225, cross to pipeline 130-2 through collector 225 subsequently and also come collector 231 through pipeline 130-2 (being anti-parallel to path) through 130-1 through pipeline 130-6 (being anti-parallel to its path) through pipeline 130-5.Come collector 240 from the fluid of collector 231 is mobile in parallel path subsequently through pipeline 130-3 and pipeline 130-7 (being parallel to path) through pipeline 130-1.Fluid from collector 240 flows in parallel path through pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 (being anti-parallel to the path through pipeline 130-1) and junction in outlet header 145 subsequently subsequently.In other modification, pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 can be substituted by single pipeline, and said single pipeline will be delivered to outlet header 145 from the fluid of collector 240.In also having other modification, shown in some or all of pipeline 130 can each all represent set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.

Still with reference to figure 8, mobile fluid through pipeline 130 is a water in some modification, and pipeline is shone by solar radiation, and said solar radiation has the intensity distributions that is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification; Heat flux distribution to the pipeline 130 can add the aqueous water of heat flow through pipeline 130 increases its temperature with (for example 130-1,130-2,130-5,130-6) under relatively low hot-fluid (compared to by assembling peak value hot-fluid that solar radiation provides) in the external pipe of pipeline 130; (for example 130-3,130-4,130-7,130-8) makes the aqueous water boiling to produce steam under higher relatively hot-fluid in the pipeline at adjacent conduit 130 centers subsequently, and (alternatively) in the pipeline of the bosom of pipeline 130 (for example 130-4,130-8) makes steam superheating with suitable or higher hot-fluid subsequently.Saturated subsequently or superheated steam can leave pipeline 130 through outlet header 145.

In the example of Fig. 8, fluid (for example water, steam and the superheated steam) flow rate through pipeline 130 can be for example controlled by the throttle orifice 245-3 and the 245-7 of valve or fixed diameter.Can control flow rate the steam quality (the for example temperature of the quality of saturated vapor, superheated steam and/or pressure) for example through pipeline 130 in outlet header 145 by these valves or throttle orifice so that hope to be provided.

With reference now to Fig. 9,, pipeline 130 connects mutually with three path flow paths shown in providing in another modification.Fluid from inlet header 140 flows through most external pipeline 130-1 and 130-4 in parallel path.From the fluid of pipeline 130-1 subsequently along serpentine path through pipeline 130-2 and 130-3, said pipeline alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-1.Similarly, from the fluid of pipeline 130-4 along serpentine path through pipeline 130-5 and 130-6, said pipeline alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-4.Fluid from pipeline 130-3 and 130-6 is joined in outlet header 145 subsequently.In other modification, pipeline 130-3 and 130-6 can be substituted by single pipeline, and said single pipeline transports the backflow from pipeline 130-2 and 130-5.In also having other modification, shown in some or all of pipeline 130 can each all represent set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.

Still with reference to figure 9, mobile fluid through pipeline 130 is a water in some modification, and pipeline is shone by solar radiation, and said solar radiation has the intensity distributions that is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification; Heat flux distribution to the pipeline 130 can add the aqueous water of heat flow through pipeline 130 increases its temperature with (for example 130-1,130-2,130-4,130-5) under relatively low hot-fluid (compared to by assembling peak value hot-fluid that solar radiation provides) in the external pipe of pipeline 130; (for example 130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6) makes the aqueous water boiling to produce steam under higher relatively hot-fluid in the pipeline at adjacent conduit 130 centers subsequently, and (alternatively) in the pipeline of the bosom of pipeline 130 (for example 130-3,130-6) makes steam superheating with suitable or higher hot-fluid subsequently.Saturated subsequently or superheated steam can leave pipeline 130 through outlet header 145.In this modification, the enthalpy of fluid in pipeline 130-1 and 130-4 originally about equally, and subsequently during it passes pipeline along with fluid heat absorption and increase.

In the example of Fig. 9, can for example control by valve 250-1 and 250-4 through fluid (for example water, steam and the superheated steam) flow rate of pipeline 130.Can control the steam quality (the for example temperature of the quality of saturated vapor, superheated steam and/or pressure) of flow rate in outlet header 145 by these valves or throttle orifice so that hope for example to be provided through pipeline 130.

With reference now to Figure 10,, pipeline 130 connects mutually with three path flow paths shown in providing in another modification.Come collector 260 from the fluid of inlet header 140 is mobile in parallel path through pipeline 130-1 and 130-2, and come collector 265 through pipeline 130-5 and 130-6.From the fluid of collector 260 subsequently along serpentine path through pipeline 130-3 and 130-4, said pipeline alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-1.Similarly, from the fluid of collector 265 along serpentine path through pipeline 130-7 and 130-8, said pipeline alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-5.Fluid from pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 is joined in outlet header 145 subsequently.In other modification, pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 can be substituted by single pipeline, and said single pipeline transports the backflow from pipeline 130-3 and 130-7.In also having other modification, shown in some or all of pipeline 130 can each all represent set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.

Still with reference to Figure 10, mobile fluid through pipeline 130 is a water in some modification, and pipeline is shone by solar radiation, and said solar radiation has the intensity distributions that is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification; Heat flux distribution to the pipeline 130 can add the aqueous water of heat flow through pipeline 130 increases its temperature with (for example 130-1,130-2,130-5,130-6) under relatively low hot-fluid (compared to by assembling peak value hot-fluid that solar radiation provides) in the external pipe of pipeline 130; (for example 130-3,130-4,130-7,130-8) makes the aqueous water boiling to produce steam under higher relatively hot-fluid in the pipeline at adjacent conduit 130 centers subsequently, and (alternatively) in the pipeline of the bosom of pipeline 130 (for example 130-4,130-8) makes steam superheating with suitable or higher hot-fluid subsequently.Saturated subsequently or superheated steam can leave pipeline 130 through outlet header 145.

In the example of Figure 10, fluid (for example water, steam and the superheated steam) flow rate through pipeline 130 can be for example controlled by the throttle orifice 270-1 and the 270-5 of valve or fixed diameter.Can control the steam quality (the for example temperature of the quality of saturated vapor, superheated steam and/or pressure) of flow rate in outlet header 145 by these valves or throttle orifice so that hope for example to be provided through pipeline 130.

In another modification, Figure 11 A illustrates pipeline 130 and connects mutually to keep fluid flow path, and said fluid flow path is assembled intensity of solar radiation distribution (" I ") with the fluid endothermic process with the for example multi-peak shown in Figure 11 B and is complementary.Come collector 280 and 290 from the fluid of inlet header 140 is mobile in parallel path respectively through most external pipeline 130-1 and 130-5.Flow subsequently from the fluid of pipeline 130-1 and to cross pipeline 130-2 through collector 280 and come pipeline 130-3; Flow subsequently and come collector 285 through pipeline 130-3 and 130-2, said pipeline 130-3 and 130-2 are alternately antiparallel and be parallel to the path through pipeline 130-1.Flow subsequently from the fluid of pipeline 130-2 and to cross pipeline 130-3 through collector 285 and come pipeline 130-4, come outlet header 145 through pipeline 130-4 subsequently, said pipeline 130-4 is anti-parallel to the path through pipeline 130-1.Similarly; Flow from the fluid of pipeline 130-5 and to cross pipeline 130-6 through collector 290 and come pipeline 130-7; Come collector 295 through pipeline 130-7 and 130-6 subsequently, said pipeline 130-7 and 130-6 alternately antiparallel be parallel to path through pipeline 130-5.Flow subsequently from the fluid of pipeline 130-6 and to cross pipeline 130-7 through collector 295 and come pipeline 130-8, come outlet header 145 through pipeline 130-8 subsequently.In other modification, collector 285 and 295 can be substituted by single collector, and pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 can be substituted by single pipeline, and said single pipeline transports the backflow from this collector.In also having other modification, shown in some or all of pipeline 130 can each all represent set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.

Still with reference to figure 11A, mobile fluid through pipeline 130 is a water in some modification, and pipeline is shone by solar radiation, and said solar radiation has the intensity distributions that is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification; Heat flux distribution to the pipeline 130 can add the aqueous water of heat flow through pipeline 130 increases its temperature with (for example in pipeline 130-1,130-3,130-5 and 130-7) under relatively low hot-fluid (compared to by assembling peak value hot-fluid that solar radiation provides); (for example in pipeline 130-2,130-4,130-6 and 130-8) makes the aqueous water boiling to produce steam under higher relatively hot-fluid subsequently, and (alternatively) in the pipeline of the bosom of pipeline 130 (for example 130-4,130-8) makes steam superheating with suitable or higher hot-fluid subsequently.Saturated subsequently or superheated steam can leave pipeline 130 through outlet header 145.

In the example of Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B, fluid (for example water, steam and the superheated steam) flow rate through pipeline 130 can be for example controlled by the throttle orifice 300-1 and the 300-5 of valve or fixed diameter.Can control the steam quality (the for example temperature of the quality of saturated vapor, superheated steam and/or pressure) of flow rate in outlet header 145 by these valves or throttle orifice so that hope for example to be provided through pipeline 130.

With reference now to Figure 12; The solar energy acquisition system comprises the first solar heat absorber 310 and the second solar heat absorber 320 in a modification; The said first solar heat absorber 310 comprises the pipeline 130-1 to 130-6 of mutual connection with the flow path shown in providing, and the said second solar heat absorber 320 comprises the pipeline 350-1 to 350-6 of mutual connection with the flow path shown in providing.Come collector 325 from the mobile abreast periphery through absorber 310 of the fluid of inlet header 140 (for example most external is outermost with the next-door neighbour) pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-4 and 130-5, fluid is pumped into the collector 340 of absorber 320 by pump 330 from said collector 325.Come collector 360 from the fluid of collector 340 is mobile abreast through peripheral (for example most external is outermost with the next-door neighbour) pipeline 350-1,350-2,350-4 and 350-5.Mobile abreast subsequently pipeline 350-3 and the 350-4 (being anti-parallel to flowing through pipeline 350-1) through the bosom comes collector 370 from the fluid of collector 360.Fluid from collector 370 flows to separator 380, and said separator 380 separates into gas phase and liquid phase with fluid.Liquid phase flow is come pump 330 through conduit 385, and said pump 330 returns to absorber 320 with liquid phase.Gas phase flows and to come collector 390 through conduit 387, and bosom pipeline 130-3 and the 130-6 through absorber 310 comes outlet header 145 subsequently, and said pipeline 130-3 and 130-6 are anti-parallel to mobile through pipeline 130-1.In some modification; Pipeline 350-3 and 350-6 be capable of being combined to become single pipeline; Pipeline 130-3 and 130-6 are capable of being combined to become single pipeline, and/or some or all of pipeline 130-1 to 130-6 and 350-1 to 350-6 can each all be represented set rather than individual other pipeline of parallelpiped.

Still with reference to Figure 12, mobile fluid through

solar collector

310 and 320 is a water in some modification, and the pipeline in each absorber is shone by solar radiation, and said solar radiation has the intensity distributions that is similar to shape shown in Figure 2.In this modification, the relatively low hot-fluid (compared to by assembling the peak value hot-fluid that solar radiation provides) to pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-4 and 130-5 can heat aqueous water to increase its temperature.Hot-fluid to pipeline 350-1,350-2,350-4 and 350-5 similar relatively low (or higher relatively) can further heat aqueous water to increase its temperature and/or to begin to make its boiling.Higher relatively hot-fluid to pipeline 350-3 and 350-6 can begin and/or continue to make the aqueous water boiling.To the suitable of pipeline 130-3 and 130-6 or relatively higher hot-fluid can further heat steam from separator 380 so that this steam superheating.

Of preamble, pipe arrangement can comprise that one or more thermal expansions district (for example loop, joint, flexible duct district or other suitable mechanism) is to adapt to the clean and differential expansion of a plurality of pipelines in the receiver.Can in single receiver, adopt thermal expansion mechanism more than one type; Expand and select to be inserted in the particular thermal breathing space between the pipeline and can be based upon clean and/or relatively hot that pipeline estimates, remember the temperature fluctuation that some pipeline maybe be bigger than other pipeline experience (for example receiving those pipelines of the peak value irradiation that intensity of solar radiation distributes to reach higher final temperature) than only being assembled the wing that solar radiation distributes or the pipeline of shoulder irradiation.In addition, the centre position (for example midway) between can be at the arrival end of pipeline relative with it far-end is located pipeline is fixed, thereby pipeline is expanded on the both direction away from fixture.In pipe arrangement, be not that each pipeline need have fixture, because can control fully or the motion of restriction conduit by the adjacent channel in arranging.As shown in several examples hereinafter, the pipe expansion district can be in the same level with pipe arrangement basically, maybe can stretch out the plane that is limited pipe arrangement.

Can be along the length of pipeline with any suitable interval supporting flue.May hope the far positioning support spare of under feasible prerequisite, being separated by as far as possible, for example to reduce cost and/or to reduce shade.In addition, required each span of coming supporting flue of the pipe diameter in the visual span.For example, alternate path contains larger-diameter pipeline if first path contains than the pipeline of minor diameter, and then the supporting member in first path can be positioned to more be close together than the supporting member in alternate path.For example; If first path comprises 4 parallelpipeds with 1.66 inches external diameters; And alternate path comprises single pipeline with 3.5 inches external diameters, the pipeline in then reducible per 8 feet ground supporting first paths, and to support the pipeline in the alternate path to 16 feet interval at least greatly.Do not consider that with identical distance all pipelines of supporting pipe diameter can be unnecessary to larger-diameter pipeline, and can cause being used for the higher cost of pipe-supporting parts.

Refer again to Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C, pipeline 130 comprises that thermal expansion joint (for example loop) 180-1,180-2,180-3,190-1,190-2 and 190-3 are to adapt to the thermal expansion difference between the interconnected pipeline.In some modification, the plane that expection or the mobile expansion circuit of design experience two phases (for example water and steam) are arranged to be positioned at pipeline 130 is with the development of the slug flow that prevents water.As example, expansion circuit 180-3 and 190-3 expection this two-phase flow of experience also thereby is positioned at the plane of pipeline 130.The expansion circuit of inexpectancy experience two-phase flow can be arranged in outside the plane of pipeline 130 (for example being in the whereabouts configuration).Although shown in modification in expansion circuit 180-1,180-2,190-1 and 190-2 also be shown in the plane that is in pipeline 130; But these expansion circuits are not expected the experience two-phase flow, and thereby can be arranged to alternatively be positioned at outside the plane of pipeline 130.

Still with reference to figure 5A to Fig. 5 C; The part that is connected to pipeline 130-3 and 130-7 respectively of thermal expansion district 180-2 and 190-2 is fixed on correct position with respect to ground in some modification, and pipeline 130 all or basically all other parts can move to hold main body and/or accommodate thermal expansion is poor with respect to ground.

With reference now to Figure 19 A,, it shows the pipeline configuration that adopts flow problem as shown in Figure 4.Modification among Figure 19 A comprises the thermal expansion district, and said thermal expansion district comprises vertically-oriented loop.When in the context that is used in this paper, " vertically-oriented " means the direction that has and comprises the component of a vector that is substantially perpendicular to ground, for example with respect to about 30 ° of ground, about 45 °, about 60 ° or about 90 °.Vertically-oriented loop can be used for heat-transfer fluid and during steady-state operation, does not expect in the situation about undergoing phase transition.Heat-transfer fluid (for example feedwater) flows into inlet header 140 and gets into pipeline 130-1 through optional first-class dynamic control device 150-1, and gets into pipeline 130-5 through the second optional flow control apparatus 150-2.Pipeline 130-1 and 130-5 are fixed on X place, position, and said position X can be approximated to be the midpoint between the far-end (B) on arrival end (A) and opposite of receiver (not shown).Fluid among the pipeline 130-1 flows on direction 1 to arrive thermal expansion district 1170-1, and inner fluid is altered course towards the center line (being shown dotted line C) of pipe arrangement and on opposite countercurrent direction 2, is flowing among the pipeline 130-2 in said thermal expansion district.Thermal expansion district 1170-1 is vertically-oriented to extend the plane that is limited in pipeline 130 downwards.Fluid among the pipeline 130-2 arrives the second thermal expansion district 1170-2, and being altered course at said thermal expansion district inner fluid is flowing among the pipeline 130-3 towards C and on direction 3 (being parallel to direction 1).In this particular variant, the second breathing space 1170-2 is also vertically-oriented with respect to pipeline 130.Fluid among the pipeline 130-3 flows on direction 3 and arrives tow-away zone 172-1 until it; It is altered course and is gone up the mobile pipeline 130-4 of passing through towards C and in direction 4 (being parallel to direction 2) in said tow-away zone, and it leaves (for example as steam or superheated steam) via outlet header 145 at said pipeline 130-4.Optional flow control apparatus 1180 can be arranged in the outlet header 145 to control the pressure of discharge and/or pipe interior.Till fluid arrival tow-away zone 172-1, fluid has formed 3 paths through the gathering solar radiation, and if the solar radiation characteristic is assembled near center line C, then can experience higher relatively hot-fluid, thereby make fluid come to life.Therefore, it can be desirable in the plane that fluid remains essentially in the 172-1 of tow-away zone, thereby has reduced the formation of pipe interior phase shift or the formation of slug.Pipeline 130-3 can not comprise fixture X and replace by adjacent channel 130-2 and 130-4 supporting.At least a portion of pipe arrangement 331 is about center line C symmetry; And pipeline 130-5 and pipeline 130-1 symmetry, pipeline 130-6 and pipeline 130-2 symmetry, pipeline 130-7 and pipeline 130-3 symmetry; And pipeline 130-8 and 130-4 symmetry; And breathing space 1170-3 and breathing space 1170-1 symmetry, breathing space 1170-4 and breathing space 1170-2 symmetry, and tow-away zone 172-2 and tow-away zone 172-1 symmetry.Note the thermal expansion between that regional 172-1 and 172-2 can be configured for adapting to pipeline and the pipeline.

Another modification of pipe arrangement is shown in Figure 19 B.Example shown in Figure 19 B shows the flow problem that is similar to shown in Fig. 4 and Figure 19 A.At this,, only show the half the of pipe arrangement 334 for ease of explanation.Pipe arrangement is about center line C symmetry.Adopted vertical at each swivel point place or other breathing space 1170.Optional flow control apparatus 150-1 is controlled to the flow input of most external pipeline 130-1.In this particular example, each pipeline is fixed at the X place, position of (for example midway) between the arrival end A and far-end B of receiver.The fixed position on the different pipelines can be endways the same distance place between A and the terminal B or near, maybe can be at diverse location place with respect to terminal A and terminal B.Each breathing space comprises one or more flow control apparatus 145, and said flow control apparatus can be used for guaranteeing during the steady-state operation or evenly the flowing of any two-phase fluid that possibly occur during the unstable state operation (for example starting or transient condition).The effect that this flow control apparatus can play be prevent or reduce the generation of slug flow and caused to the potential damage of pipeline and/or lose control to system's operation.Although breathing space 1170 is shown vertical expansion circuit in this example, they are also nonessential like this.For example, regional 1170-1 can be vertical, and regional 1170-2 and 1170-3 can be levels, or regional 1170-1 and 1170-2 can be that vertical and regional 1170-3 can be a level.Of preamble, vertically the breathing space can be used on a certain position in the pipe arrangement, and during said position is in steady-state operation, not expecting has two-phase flow.But additional flow control apparatus 145 can allow vertical breathing space even be used in the place that two-phase flow possibly appear in run duration.

Figure 20 A illustrates another example, and said example comprises vertical breathing space in a certain zone, does not have phase transformation during in said zone, being expected at steady-state operation.Flow path is similar to flow path shown in Figure 4.In this legend, pipe arrangement 332 is symmetrical about center line C, but only shows the half the with simplified illustration of symmetrical pipe arrangement.Provide heat-transfer fluid (for example water) to get into most external pipeline 130-1 through optional flow control apparatus 150-1 through the inlet header (not shown).The X place is fixed most external pipeline 130-1 in the fixed position; The centre (for example midway) of said fixed position X between the far-end (B) on the arrival end (A) of receiver (not shown) and its opposite, thus pipeline 130-1 can be expanded to A and B two by X from the fixed position.Fluid (from A to B) on direction 1 flows and arrives breathing space 1170-1 through pipeline 130-1 until it, and it is altered course and on direction 2, flows to A (with respect to direction 1 adverse current) towards center line C and in pipeline 130-2 in said breathing space.Do not experience phase transformation as if not being expected among the breathing space 1170-1, then can adopt vertically-oriented breathing space at the run duration fluid, as shown in the figure.Fluid among the pipeline 130-2 flows on direction 2 to arrive tow-away zone 172-1, and it is altered course and on direction 3, flows to B (being parallel to direction 1) towards transverse center and in pipeline 130-3 in said tow-away zone.Pipeline 130-3 can be fixed at the X place in the position, the centre (for example midway) of said position X between arrival end A and far-end B.Tow-away zone 172-1 can be basically with pipeline 130 on same plane, thereby under the situation that fluid has come to life, reduce the formation of slug or phase shift.Fluid flows on direction 3 and arrives another tow-away zone 172-2 through pipeline 130-3 until it; It is altered course and is flowed to A (being parallel to direction 2) towards transverse center C and on direction 4 in said tow-away zone, and fluid can leave pipeline as steam or superheated steam through the outlet header (not shown) at said arrival end A place.Tow-away zone 172-2 can be basically with pipeline 130 on same plane, thereby reduce the formation of slug or phase shift.Pipeline 130-2 and 130-4 can not comprise fixture in some modification.Alternatively, pipeline 130-2 can be supported by the fixture on adjacent channel 130-1 and 130-3, and can be held the expansion of pipeline 130-2 by breathing space 1170-1 and tow-away zone 172-1.Pipeline 130-4 can be supported by the fixture on pipeline 130-3, and can be adapted to the expansion of pipeline 130-4 by tow-away zone 172-2 and outlet area 178.Another modification of pipe arrangement is shown in Figure 20 B.At this; Pipe arrangement 333 comprises pipeline 130-1, pipeline 130-4, pipeline 130-3, and said pipeline 130-1 that kind shown in Figure 20 A is fixed, said pipeline 130-4 X place, position of (for example midway) between arrival end A and far-end B is fixed and said pipeline 130-3 is not fixed.Attention in the example shown in Figure 20 A to Figure 20 B, the fixed position X on the different pipelines can aligning (for example the same distance place between A and the terminal B) endways, or they can be at the diverse location place with respect to terminal A and terminal B.Can select the fixed position from shockproof purpose, thereby the pipeline in the loop is fully fixed with pressure and/or the pulling force of antagonism from taphrogeny.Therefore, if more can bear compression, stretch and/or the opposing flexing, arrange on the pipeline of relatively large diameter that then fixture is favourable with the athletic meeting in lower diameter tube road in the constraint loop than large-diameter pipeline.Note the thermal expansion between that tow-away zone 172 among Figure 20 A to Figure 20 B can be configured to accommodate pipeline 130 and the pipeline 130.

Another pipe arrangement example 335 is shown in Figure 21 A.Flow path among Figure 21 A is similar to flow path shown in Figure 4.Half of pipe arrangement is illustrated, and pipe arrangement 335 is about center line C symmetry.In this modification, the tow-away zone 175 between the pipeline can or can the incompatibility thermal expansion, and in some modification, shows seldom or ability is not held thermal expansion.Pipe arrangement can comprise only fixture along the flow path between inlet region 152 and the outlet area 153, for example along the X place, position among this flow path midway, the tow-away zone 175-2 between pipeline 130-2 and 130-3.Can 152 and 153 endoadaptation thermal expansions in the inlet region.For example, inlet region or outlet area one of at least can comprise one or more bends, said bend is inflatable, shrink and/or distortion to hold the pipeline length variations.An example of this pipeline configuration is the pipeline configuration that comprises two or more bends, and wherein at least two of two or more bends are not in same plane each other.For example, two bends can be in the approximate mutually perpendicular plane.The expansion meeting of pipeline causes twist motion via the expansion through two bends, and the said expansion of passing through two bends has reduced on the pipeline and/or the stress to any joint of pipeline.At the U.S. Patent application 12/012 of title for " Linear Fresnel Solar Arrays and Components Therefor (linear fresnel solar arrays and the parts that are used for this) "; Provide in 920 to have the example of this bend with the pipeline that holds thermal expansion, said application is incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper.

Another modification is shown in Figure 21 B, and another pipeline 130-9 is arranged to parallel with most external pipeline 130-1 in said modification.Alternatively, pipeline 130-1 can comprise flow control apparatus 150-1, and alternatively, pipeline 130-9 can comprise flow control apparatus 150-9.Thereby control device 150-1 and 150-9 allow the balance between pipeline 130-1 and the 130-9 independently.Pipeline 130-1 and 130-9 are fed among the 175-1 of tow-away zone.Also considered other modification, in said modification, be arranged to parallel and be fed among the 175-1 of tow-away zone with pipeline 130-1 more than one extra pipeline (for example 2,3,4 or 5).Similar with the example shown in Figure 21 A, pipe arrangement 336 is fixed in the only position between inlet region 152 and outlet area 153.Be similar to along pipe arrangement 336 midway, at inlet 152 with between exporting 153, among the 175-2 of tow-away zone although fixed position X is shown, fixture can be positioned at along wherein on any one of pipeline 130, or is positioned on another tow-away zone 175.Tow-away zone 175 can or can the incompatibility thermal expansion, and in some modification, shows less or do not have the ability accommodate thermal expansion.For example the described that kind of Figure 21 A in inlet region 152 with outlet area 153 endoadaptation thermal expansions.

Of preamble; To be bonded in the single revolution collector and get into a plurality of pipelines in expansion on the return path from failing to be convened for lack of a quorum of a plurality of pipelines to cause the flow on return path uneven; Especially (for example when water when the heat-transfer fluid) under the situation of two phase flow, only if controlled get into a plurality of parallel recurrent canals flow to prevent runaway condition.For example; For the process of 2 pipelines in 4 pipelines to the alternate path that returns in first path, can arrange on the inlet of Returning pipe that other flow control apparatus of branch (for example valve, choke block or like that) is to allow the controlled balance between the parallel path.Alternatively or in addition, 4 ducted 2 in first path can be bonded in first Returning pipe, and in first path 4 ducted other 2 can be bonded in second Returning pipe.For the process of 2 PARALLEL FLOW pipelines in 3 PARALLEL FLOW pipeline to alternate paths in first path, can on each of 2 return path pipelines, adopt flow control apparatus like preamble saidly.Alternatively or in addition; Ducted 2 can be bonded in second return path 2 ducted one of in first path 3, and the remaining pipeline in first path can directly flow among second of 2 pipelines in second return path.As long as only a pipeline is connected to any amount of parallelpiped in the upstream passages in downstream passages; Then just do not need the intermediate flow control device at the swivel point place; And alternatively, the flow control component that can be used on the downstream passages porch is controlled flowing through downstream and upstream passages.

Figure 22 A illustrates another example 337 of pipe arrangement.Flow problem is similar to flow problem shown in Figure 4, and four flow passages are arranged in said flow problem, said four flow passages in Figure 22 A by the figure denote of zone circle.Concurrent through parallelpiped 130-1 in the path 1 and 130-9 is advanced to far-end B from the arrival end A of receiver.Optional flow control apparatus 150-1 and 150-9 can be respectively applied for the flow that control gets into pipeline 130-1 and 130-9.Concurrent through parallelpiped 130-2 and 130-10 is advanced to arrival end A from far-end B in path 2.When in having single path variable and/or uncertain hot-fluid in steady-state operation or between transient period, having concurrent flow; Flow between possibly can't two parallelpipeds of balance; Cause having between the parallelpiped possibility of pressure differential; This can cause unsettled operation or runaway condition, this so that can cause dry and the infringement possible to one or more pipelines.Independent controlled flow control apparatus 150-1 and 150-9 can be used for extenuating parallelpiped 130-1 and 130-9 is inner and parallelpiped 130-2 and 130-10 between the unstability of (if adopt mix collector at the place, tow-away zone) or out of control.Therefore, being flowing among the 175-1 of tow-away zone in pipeline 130-1 is redirected among the pipeline 130-2, and being flowing among the 175-7 of tow-away zone in pipeline 130-9 is redirected among the pipeline 130-10.In this particular example, between path 1 and the path 2 between (for example in tow-away zone 175-1 and 175-7) and path 3 and the path 4 (for example in the 175-3 of tow-away zone) fix (indicating) pipe arrangement with X.Tow-away zone 175-2 accommodate thermal expansion between path 2 and the path 3.Alternatively, can be in inlet region 152 and/or in outlet area 153 for example the described that kind of Figure 21 A come accommodate thermal expansion.Have vertical drop-down section although tow-away zone 175-2 is shown, it can replace is the breathing space of level.If between path 2 and 3, two-phase flow occurs, the then one or more as described optional flow control apparatus (not shown) of preamble can be used for guaranteeing evenly mobile or extenuates the formation of slug.Also imagined other modification, path 3 and/or path 4 comprise more than a parallelpiped in said modification.In these situation, hope not adopt the mixing collector, thereby make inlet flow control apparatus (for example 150-1 and 150-9) can be used for controlling relative discharge in the parallelpiped to avoid runaway condition at the place, tow-away zone.

The modification of another pipe arrangement is shown in Figure 22 B.Flow problem among Figure 22 B is similar to the flow problem shown in Fig. 4 and Figure 22 A.In the particular variant shown in Figure 22 B; Pipe arrangement 338 comprises tow-away zone 175-2; Said tow-away zone comprises horizontal expansion device 177, and said horizontal expansion device basically can in the vertical direction dislocation fluid, has reduced the probability that in this breathing space, causes slug flow thus.Pipe arrangement is fixed at the X place, position between path 3 and 4.The described that kind of Figure 21 A for example, the pipeline at the upper reaches, fixed position can expand via outlet area 153, and can expand via inlet region 152 at the pipeline in downstream, fixed position.

Another modification 139 of pipe arrangement is shown in Figure 23 A.Fluid flow problem among Figure 23 A is similar to the flow problem shown in Fig. 4 and Figure 22 B.Pipeline in the pipe arrangement 139 is fixed in alternate path, and for example the X place is fixed in the position for each of pipeline 130-1 and 130-2, and said position X is in arrival end A and the centre between the far-end B (the for example midpoint) of receiver.Fixed position X can be identical or different on pipeline 130-2 and 130-10, with respect to arrival end A and far-end B.In inlet region 152, held the ducted thermal expansion difference in the path 1 at the upper reaches, and in outlet area 153, held the thermal expansion difference in the

path

3 and 4 in downstream with respect to fixed position X with respect to fixed position X.In breathing space 177, held the differential expansion between pipeline 130-2 and the 130-10.

Another modification 440 that also has of pipe arrangement is shown in Figure 23 B.Fluid flow problem among Figure 23 B is similar to the flow problem shown in Fig. 4 and Figure 22 B.In this particular variant, pipe arrangement 440 comprises tow-away zone 175-2, and said tow-away zone comprises two breathing space 177-1 and 177-2.Pipeline 130-10 flowed before being connected with pipeline 130-3 through breathing space 177-1; Said pipeline 130-3 is used for the 3rd path through receiver, and pipeline 130-2 flowed through another breathing space 177-2 before being connected with the pipeline 130-3 that is used for the 3rd path.Wherein one or more of breathing space 177 can be but must not be horizontal orientations.In this particular variant, position X place and the position X place among tow-away zone 175-1 and 175-7s of pipe arrangement between third and fourth path, in the 175-3 of tow-away zone is fixed.Differential expansion in first path can be held by inlet region 152, and the differential expansion in the four-way road can be held by outlet area 153.Differential expansion in the second and the 3rd path can be held by breathing space 177.

Another modification of pipe arrangement is shown in Figure 24.Pipe arrangement 141 is routed to and makes heat-transfer fluid form two paths through receiver, is similar to flow problem shown in Figure 3.One of path or both can comprise a plurality of parallelpipeds.As shown in the figure, pipe arrangement can be about center line C symmetry.Shown in example in, first path comprises first group of parallelpiped 130-1,130-2,130-3,130-4 and second group of export-oriented parallelpiped 130-6,130-7,130-8,130-9 and 130-10.Get into first group of export-oriented parallelpiped by flow control apparatus 150-1 control inlet (for example feed-water intake) 140.Optional flow control apparatus 150-2 can control the flow that gets into second group of export-oriented parallelpiped separately.Alternatively; Another flow control apparatus 155 can in series be arranged in the one or more of pipeline 130-1 to 130-5 with flow control apparatus 150-1 and go up the flow that gets into this parallel export-oriented pipeline with independent control, and another flow control apparatus 155 can in series be arranged in the one or more upward with the ducted flow of independent control this parallel extroversion of entering of pipeline 130-6 to 130-10 with flow control apparatus 150-1.As described before, flow control apparatus 150 and 155 can be the throttle orifice of adjustable valve or fixed diameter.In some cases, flow control apparatus 150 can be adjustable valve, and at least one of flow control apparatus 155 (if any) can be the throttle orifice of fixed diameter.Although each side that this particular variant is shown at center line C has 4 parallel export-oriented pipelines, in the binary channel configuration, can adopt any amount of parallel export-oriented pipeline, for example 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10.

Still with reference to Figure 24, export-oriented parallelpiped is altered course on countercurrent direction, to form the alternate path through receiver in the 175-1 of tow-away zone.In this particular variant, represent return path by single pipeline 130-5.But, also considered other modification, return path comprises a plurality of parallelpipeds in said modification, the equal amount of the parallelpiped in as many as first path.In example shown in Figure 24, four export-oriented pipelines can be directed in the single return path in revolution collector 175 subsequently in merging.Generally speaking, any configuration that includes a plurality of export-oriented pipelines that are fed to single Returning pipe can have the operation of single flow control apparatus 150 ground, thereby makes other pipeline flow control apparatus 155 for optional.If configuration allows a plurality of parallel export-oriented pipelines to be fed in a plurality of parallel Returning pipes; Then be not taken in and mix in the revolution collector and be branched off into a plurality of parallel streams that return subsequently from the stream of a plurality of parallel export-oriented pipelines; Remove non-rotating collector and comprise one or more flow control apparatus, said flow control apparatus allows flow equilibrium between a plurality of return lines to avoid the development of runaway condition.In a modification, should be limited in the mixing in the revolution collector, thereby make each parallel path in first path be fed to the parallel return path in the alternate path.Can realize control via the same flow control apparatus of the upstream path in control first path to the parallel path in the alternate path.Therefore, under the situation of the intrasystem a plurality of parallel return paths of binary channel, individual other flow control apparatus 155 can be used for controlling in the export-oriented pipeline and the flow in its corresponding single return path.Generally speaking, if the ratio between export-oriented pipeline and the Returning pipe is an integer, then pipe arrangement between first and second paths, do not need can be configured to flow control apparatus.

The binary channel pipe arrangement can have the various fixed configuration.In the example shown in Figure 25 A, binary channel pipe arrangement 400 comprises 3 parallel export-oriented pipeline 130-1,130-2 and 130-3, and said pipeline is fed among the 175-1 of tow-away zone and is redirected among the single Returning pipe 130-4.Pipe arrangement 400 can but must not be symmetrical, thereby for example make center line C between the two halves of pipe arrangement, the plane of symmetry is provided.Tow-away zone 175-1 can be or can not be that the clean or relatively hot that is configured to accommodate pipeline expands.At least a portion of differential expansion between the pipeline in first path and alternate path can be held by vertical inlet region 152, for example the said that kind of Figure 21 A.Of preamble, optional flow control apparatus 155 can be used for controlling entering, and each has the flow of the pipeline of outward flow.Although it is not shown in Figure 25 B; But some modification can not have flow control apparatus controls the flow that gets into each export-oriented pipeline; And can replace on some export-oriented pipeline, (for example will receive on the pipeline of minimum hot-fluid) and have flow control apparatus at run duration; Or on inlet (for example feed-water intake), has single flow control apparatus to control the flow that gets into the parallel pipeline group; Or have an inlet flow control apparatus, any one of said inlet flow control apparatus and parallel pipeline or a plurality of on flow control apparatus connect.The position X place of pipe arrangement 400 on single Returning pipe 130-4 comprises single fixture, and wherein fixed position X is between the arrival end A and far-end B of receiver (for example midpoint).Thereby the position that can select X makes expanding towards the expansion coupling of far-end B or the total expection that surpasses in first path among the pipeline 130-4.If colder in the pipeline average specific alternate path in first path and in alternate path, expand and experienced phase transformation (for example because uneven solar radiation characteristic; Intensity higher relatively in said characteristic is traversed Returning pipe), then can in alternate path, adopt larger-diameter pipeline.Can be chosen in the fixed position X on the big Returning pipe; Thereby make the overall expansion that matees or surpass the lower diameter tube road in first path than the expansion of large pipeline; Keep smaller conduit to be in extended state thus, reduce compression and thereby the flexing that causes in the lower diameter tube road.At least some of the thermal expansion of the pipeline 130-4 for example described that kind of Figure 21 A are held by outlet area 153.

In another modification 143 of the binary channel pipe arrangement that is shown in Figure 25 B, fixed position X is arranged in tow-away zone 175-1.Pipe arrangement 143 shown in Figure 25 B is being different from the pipe arrangement 400 shown in Figure 25 A aspect the fixing position.In the modification shown in Figure 25 B, for example Figure 21 A is described at vertical inlet region 152 and vertical outlet area 153 places has held thermal expansion suchly.

Also having in another modification 144 of the binary channel pipe arrangement that is shown in Figure 25 C, in tow-away zone 175, adopted breathing space (for example vertical or level).As shown in the figure, if two phase flow formed before alternate path, then flow control apparatus 145 can be used on revolution and sentences the formation that prevents phase shift or slug.In tow-away zone 175, adopt the breathing space to allow each pipeline between arrival end A and far-end B, be fixed (being denoted as fixed position X).Here, the fixed position still must not be identical (with respect to arrival end A and far-end B) for different pipelines.For example,, can select fixed position X coordinating the relative expansion of pipeline 130, thereby make the influence of avoiding to cause the compression stress of flexing than the pipeline of minor diameter according to diameter, temperature offset amount and the structure of arranging different pipelines 130 in 144.

The example of pipe arrangement is provided in Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B, and said pipe arrangement has been kept binary channel flow path (the for example binary channel flow path shown in Fig. 3, Figure 24 and Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C).Wherein, Pipe arrangement 201 comprises three export-oriented parallelpiped 130-1,130-2,130-3; Said pipeline is fed in first path among the revolution collector 175-1, and in said revolution collector, flowing is redirected to the antiparallel direction among the single Returning pipe 130-4 in the alternate path.Returning pipe 130-4 is arranged to the center line C near receiver, and pipe arrangement 201 can be but must be about cross central line C symmetry.Fluid can be before the alternate path or during experience phase transformation; Thereby the diameter of Returning pipe 130-4 may be selected to the diameter greater than export-oriented pipeline; For example export-oriented pipeline can have the internal diameter or the external diameter of about 1.5 inches, 1.66 inches, 2.0 inches or 2.5 inches, and Returning pipe can have internal diameter or external diameter than big similar 0.5 inch, 1.0 inches or 1.5 inches of the internal diameter of export-oriented pipeline or external diameter.In some modification, adopt the export-oriented pipeline of 2 inches internal diameters or external diameter and the Returning pipe of 3 inches internal diameters or external diameter, and in some modification, adopt the export-oriented pipeline of 1.66 inches internal diameters or external diameter and the Returning pipe of 3.5 inches internal diameters or external diameter.Figure 26 A illustrates a modification, and the center line of a plurality of pipelines has formed plane 404 in said modification, thereby the lower surface than large-diameter pipeline is dropped under the lower surface in lower diameter tube road.Figure 26 B illustrates the modification 202 of pipe arrangement, and the lower surface of all pipelines in said modification (no matter diameter how) has formed plane 405.Also considered other modification, the upper surface of a plurality of pipelines has formed the plane in said modification, or pipeline is in nonplanar layout in said modification, for example is arranged to convex or concave form (for example just or the herringbone of falling).

Any fixed configuration described herein or that otherwise recognize can be used with the pipeline configuration shown in Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B.Alternatively; Pipeline configuration shown in Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B can be similar to that kind is fixed shown in Figure 25 A; Wherein only Returning pipe 130-4 and 130-8 275-4 and 275-8 place are fixed in the position respectively, said position is arrival end A and the approximate centre between the far-end B (the for example midpoint) of receiver.Thus, can hold by the inlet region (not shown), and can hold by vertical outlet area (not shown) in the expansion of the Returning pipe in fixture downstream at the differential expansion of the export-oriented pipeline at the alternate path upper reaches.For example, inlet region or outlet area one of at least can comprise one or more bends, said bend is inflatable, shrink and/or distortion changes to adapt to duct length.An example of this pipeline configuration is the pipeline configuration that comprises two or more bends, and wherein at least two of two or more bends are not in same plane mutually.For example, these two bends can be in the approximate mutually perpendicular plane.The expansion meeting of pipeline causes twist motion via the expansion through two bends, and the expansion through two bends has reduced on the pipeline and/or the stress to any joint of pipeline.In the U.S. Patent application 12/012,920 of title for " linear fresnel solar arrays and the parts that are used for this ", provide to have the example of this bend with the pipeline of accommodate thermal expansion, said application is incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper.

Thereby the layout that can select the fixed position makes in the export-oriented ducted expansion than minor diameter and is less than or is approximately equal to the expansion in the Returning pipe at the upper reaches, fixed position; Thereby make export-oriented pipeline mainly remain on extended state, rather than remain on the compressive state that can cause flexing than minor diameter.

Still with reference to figure 26A to Figure 26 B, any suitable fixed mechanism can be used for fixed-piping (for example pipeline 130-4 and 130-8), for example weldment shown in Figure 27 A and Figure 27 B or pipeline rest.If water/steam is as heat-transfer fluid; Then the heat flux distribution on the pipe arrangement can be so that Jie Re and possibly partly seething with excitement occurs among parallel export-oriented pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6 and the 130-7, and boiling and overheated occurring among bosom pipeline 130-4 and the 130-8.The higher-strength of assembling solar radiation is partly aimed at overheated bosom pipeline wherein will take place and to be improved steam output, steam quality, superheated steam output, unit efficiency, operational reliability or their any combination.Boundary position 1176-4 and 1176-8 indicate the normal operation period superheated steam and form residing position.Of preamble, the temperature sensor that is arranged in upstream and downstream two places of border 1176-4 and 1176-8 can be used as feedback and gets into the mass flow of export-oriented pipeline with the control fluid and/or control optional temperature adjustment spraying.As drawing shown in the shadow region 276, expection take place overheated place the bosom pipeline whole or end portion can: i) pipeline material by the type that is different from the pipe arrangement remainder constitutes; Ii) be coated with different solar selective coats; Or iii) have i concurrently) and ii).For example, draw a shadow region 276 and can represent the pipeline that forms by higher temperatures alloy (for example low-alloy steel, like T22), and/or be coated with the pipeline of the solar selective coat that is applicable to higher temperature on it.In some cases, can be for example according to the relative temperature stability of coating and pipe arrangement the transformation of solar selective coat rather than the transformation of pipeline material appear in the different piece of pipe arrangement.Draw the shadow region and can represent about 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or about 10% of receiver length.For the line focus receiver that is used in the linear Fresnel array, draw the shadow region and can represent about 200,400,600,800,1000,1200,1400 or 1600 feet with about 1600 feet length.

Any suitable revolution collector can use with pipe arrangement as herein described.An example is shown in Figure 37 A to Figure 37 C.The particular variant of this revolution collector can be used on some to be had under the situation like Figure 25 A and pipeline configuration shown in Figure 26.Revolution collector 175 comprises zone 408, and export-oriented pipeline 130-1,130-2 and 130-3 are fed in said regional 408.Zone 408 is at one end gone up by lid 401 and is stopped.As shown in the figure, can be lid 401 is spaced apart with most external pipeline 130-1 by means of a section of zone 408.Weld spacing on the pipe arrangement can arrange that the stress and the pressure criterion of the expection that will experience confirm by this section of tubing.Zone 408 is connected to arcuate segments 402, thereby thereby the meeting interflow from export-oriented pipeline 130-1,130-2 and 130-3 is redirected among the Returning pipe 130-4 with the alternate path of formation through receiver that flow in the opposite direction.Revolution collector 175 shown in Figure 37 A to Figure 37 C is in the plane 403 that is limited pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-3 and 130-4.Have 3 export-oriented pipelines and single Returning pipe although the revolution collector shown in Figure 37 A to Figure 37 B is shown, also considered to have 2,4,5,6,7 or 8 or the modification of more how export-oriented pipeline.Equally; Although illustrating Returning pipe, the modification shown in Figure 37 A to Figure 37 C has the internal diameter bigger than export-oriented pipeline; But also considered other modification, export-oriented pipeline has and the approximately uniform internal diameter of Returning pipe in said modification, or the internal diameter greater than Returning pipe as described herein.

Can adopt any suitable fixture, method or mechanism to fix pipeline from shockproof or other stable purpose.For example, in some modification, can adopt rest to stablize pipe arrangement (for example one or more loop) at rotary position or revolution collector place.Rest can weld or otherwise be fixed to the structural member in the solar collector system.Figure 27 A shows an example of rest 1220, and said rest is used for revolution collector 175 (being connected to pipeline 130) is fixed to structural member 1221.

Figure 27 B shows an example of pipeline rest, and said pipeline rest can adopt with fixing this pipeline along pipeline.At this, rest 1223 comprises collar part 1224, and said collar partly is linked to pipeline 130 and cooperates with holding device that is fixed to structural member or structure 1225, thereby makes pipeline 130 on arbitrary direction, translation not pass through holding device or structure 1225.Holding device or structure 1225 installed or be soldered to rest 1223 can positive and negatively all can in ground.

In other modification, one or more buffers or other motion restraining device can be used as the fixture in the pipe arrangement.Sort buffer device or motion restraining device can play the shock motion that weakens relative high frequency (for example can take place during earthquake or other burst or the transient affair) but still allow the effect of the very motion of low frequency (for example can during the thermal expansion of run duration at pipeline, take place).Figure 28 provides an example that adopts the fixed system of buffer.This design comprises end, has limited expansion in said end, in case and pipeline be expanded to and reached this terminal limit, then pipeline expands in the opposite direction.In Figure 28, pipeline 130 has end 1226, has for example limited expansion by buffer 1227 in said end.Buffer 1227 has limited pipeline 130 amount of the thermal expansion at 1226 places endways.Fixture 1229-2 is attached to structure 1231, and allows the limited expansion of pipeline 130.The end 1228 on 1226 opposites can be fixed to structure 1232 by fixture 1229-1 endways, and said fixture allows the finite motion of pipeline.Fixture 1229-1 and 1229-2 can be any suitable fixtures, for example the pipeline rest shown in Figure 27 B.The pipeline rest is if as fixture, can be configured such that then pipeline is not only slipping over holding device on a direction on arbitrary direction or in some cases.

Another modification that pipe arrangement is fixing is shown in Figure 29.At this, pipe arrangement 1300 comprises export-oriented pipeline 130-1,130-2 and the 130-3 that is connected with revolution collector 172.Revolution collector 172 makes flow inversion get into single Returning pipe 130-4, and boiling and/or overheated can take place in said Returning pipe.In this particular variant, pipeline 130-4 is fixed to a certain structure by fixture 1301.Revolution collector 172 is fixing by

fixture 1302.Fixture

1301 and 1302 one or both can be the damping fixtures, and said damping fixture is for example through adopting buffer shown in figure 28 to weaken high frequency motion.If

fixture

1301 and 1302 only one be the damping fixture, then

fixture

1301 and 1302 another can be rest or welding fixture.The pipeline rest 1303 that is used for pipeline 130-1 is fixed to structure 1304 is optional.

In some cases, the pipeline rest can be connected to structure via spring, can select said spring confined expansion and/or weaken the motion of some frequency.Figure 29 illustrates an example.At this, pipeline rest 1303 for example is attached to pipeline 130-1 through welding.Spring 1305 is connected to structure 1306 with rest 1303.Can select the elongation of spring, the rigidity and/or the spring constant of spring to come the expansion of restriction conduit 130-1, and/or weaken motion (vibrations that for example have relative high frequency) with some frequency.

But Figure 30 shows the example of the tow-away zone of accommodate thermal expansion.This tow-away zone can for example be used in the pipe arrangement for example shown in Figure 4.Tow-away zone 172 comprises loop 1310, and said loop can be made up of pipe line area, maybe can be single part.In some cases, expansion circuit shown in figure 30 can comprise the single part of forging, or a plurality of forge pieces that weld or otherwise link together.Lateral direction element or plate (be denoted as and draw shadow region 1313) can be used for making the tow-away zone stable.Alternatively, flow control apparatus 1307 can be arranged in loop 1310 arrival end 1309 places or near.Flow control apparatus 1307 can be any suitable device, for example filter screen, be used for controlled vortex flow device, be used to control eddy flow device, be used to reduce turbulent flow device, be used to reduce device, throttle orifice, the baffle plate or like that of the formation of bubble.Alternatively, flow control apparatus 1311 can be arranged in loop 1310 the port of export 1312 places or near.Flow control apparatus 1311 can be any suitable device, for example the throttle orifice of valve, fixed diameter, baffle plate, filter screen, filter, be used to control eddy flow device, be used to control turbulent flow device, be used to reduce the device of formation of bubble or like that.

Can by any suitable manner with pipe-supporting in pipe arrangement, said mode allows the thermal expansion of the appropriate amount of this pipeline, and the thermal expansion difference between a plurality of pipeline.In some modification, the one or more pipelines in the pipe arrangement can suspend from the top, and suspending mechanism allows pipeline along its length expansion.The non-limiting example of suitable suspending mechanism comprises track and roller mechanism, pulley type mechanism, bearing and slide mechanism.

Figure 31 provides the example of the suspending mechanism that is used for pipeline.At this, pipeline 130 is maintained in the anchor clamps 1320.Anchor clamps 1320 for example are connected to axle 1321 via optional connection traction element 1322, and said axle 1321 extends on the direction perpendicular to duct length.Rotatable element 1323 (for example wheel or roller) is around axle 1321 or along with axle 1321 rotations are advanced with track or passage 1324 that the edge is parallel to pipeline 130 extensions.

In the suspending mechanism that adopts rotatable element (for example wheel or roller), any suitable mechanism or configuration can be used for rotatable element is linked to track or passage, and rotatable element is rolled along said track or passage.Some non-limiting example is shown in Figure 33 A to Figure 33 E.At first with reference to figure 33A, can be from axle 1321 (for example via connecting or traction element 1322) the pipeline (not shown) that suspends, said axle 1321 define rotatable element 1323 rotations around axis.In this modification, rotatable element 1323 is rolled along the edge 1325 of passage 1324, and said channel parallel is extended in pipeline ground.When pipe expansion or contraction, rotatable element is advanced along passage 1324, holds thus and expands and contraction.Another modification is shown in Figure 33 B.In this modification, rotatable element 1323 is rolled in the track of passage 1324 or recess 1345.For the example shown in Figure 31, Figure 32, Figure 33 A to Figure 33 E, Figure 35 A to Figure 35 B or Figure 36 A to Figure 36 B; The material of passage can be any suitable material, but channel material is selected from and comprises carbon steel, galvanized carbon steel (for example N1 galvanized carbon steel), stainless steel (for example ferrite or austenitic stainless steel) or electroplate stainless set in some modification.Joint 1349 between rotatable element 1323 and the axle 1321 can be any suitable rotatable joint, for example reduces or eliminates the rotatable joint that adhesion or card squeeze.For example, shown in Figure 33 C, one or more bearings can be used in the joint 1349, for example can adopt ball bearing, like stainless steel bearing.In some cases; Rotatable element can be configured such that the surface is not easy to wear, for example can have the surface of the contact channels of being processed by bronze, nickel, graphite, graphite bronze, cast iron, carbide, aluminium oxide or other pottery at least such as the rotatable element of wheel.Traction or connection element 1322 can be processed by stainless steel.Defining rotatable element 1323, to rotate institute can be any suitable axle type around spools 1321 of axis; But shown in Figure 33 D to Figure 33 E; In some modification, can axle 1321 be provided by bundle rotator bolt 1347 and cylinder nut 1348, said screw bolt and nut can for example be processed by stainless steel.Connector between axle 1321 and the connector 1322 can be any suitable connector, but in some modification, has adopted the compression fit assembly.

Another modification of suspending mechanism that is used for the accommodate thermal expansion of pipeline is shown in Figure 32.In Figure 32, pipeline 130 remains in the anchor clamps 1320.Anchor clamps 1320 for example are connected to the slide assemblies 1332 that does not roll via optional traction element or connector 1321.When pipeline 130 expanded and shrinks, slide assemblies 1322 was for example in slidably surperficial 1334 upper edge passages 1333 slips.The non-limiting example of slide assemblies is shown in Figure 36 A to Figure 36 B.Shown in Figure 36 A, slide assemblies 1332 can be arc, crooked or otherwise turn in 1365 places on the edge of avoiding and locate on the edge of to block in some modification.Shown in Figure 36 B, slide assemblies 1332 can have the edge of rounding in some modification.Modification with rounded edges 1365 can be or can be not shown in Figure 36 A arc, crooked or otherwise turn in 1365 places on the edge of.Refer again to Figure 36 A, in some modification, slide assemblies 1332 has the length 1367 than transverse width 1366 length of passage 1333, thereby prevents the distortion in passage.

The anchor clamps of any suitable type can be used for pipeline is solidly connected to suspending mechanism, for example shown in Figure 31, Figure 32, Figure 33 A to Figure 33 B, Figure 35 A to Figure 35 B or Figure 36 A to Figure 36 B.Arrange that on adjacent channel anchor clamps are desirable, do not have to rub, collide, block interference crowded, other type between the adjacent channel thereby make.Shown in Figure 34 A; In some cases; Having between pipeline 130-1 and the 130-2 under the situation of thermal expansion difference, the straight anchor clamps 1320-1 that has suddenly outstanding abutment 1350 with respect to pipeline 130-1 can collide with the adjacent anchor clamps 1320-2 on adjacent channel 130-2.A feasible solution is on adjacent channel, to arrange anchor clamps; Thereby make them through sliding each other rather than suddenly collision, make thereby for example be positioned on the adjacent channel through the angle of alignment jig side and/or with anchor clamps: i) anchor clamps are opened and are not collided when the normal expansion along the intervals of lengths of adjacent channel; Ii) thereby anchor clamps are avoided the suddenly collision located on the edge of with respect to the pipeline adjusting angle; And/or iii) thereby anchor clamps are arranged to continue need not through sliding over each other to slide through adjacent anchor clamps edge with the overlapping anchor clamps that make of adjacent anchor clamps.Figure 34 B to Figure 34 C provides and has been used for the example that the adjacent anchor clamps through adjusting angle are arranged.At this, on pipeline 130-1 and 130-2, all regulated angle respectively with respect to pipeline 130-1 and 130-2 through the anchor clamps 1320-1 of adjusting angle and each of 1320-2, and can be through sliding each other.Available any suitable method is mounted to anchor clamps (for example straight anchor clamps shown in the 34A or the anchor clamps through adjusting angle shown in Figure 34 B to Figure 34 C) on the pipeline.For example, partially-formed or unfashioned anchor clamps 1351 (being used for) pipeline that can shown in Figure 34 D, be laid in through adjusting angle or straight anchor clamps, and tighten up around pipeline subsequently.Available any suitable fixture 1352 is the clamps of tightening up, for example bolt, anchor clamps, weldment, cotter pin, or the like.Figure 35 A to Figure 35 B shows the example of the pipeline that suspends by means of suspending mechanism (for example shown in Figure 31, Figure 32, Figure 33 A to Figure 33 E or Figure 34 A to Figure 34 E).Passage 1360 can for example be passage 1324 or the passage 1333 shown in figure 32 shown in Figure 31, Figure 33 A to Figure 33 B.Passage 1360 is by supporting member 1361 supportings, and said supporting member can be connected to the solar receiver (not shown), be used for the supporting member of solar receiver (not shown) or independent supporting member (not shown).Shown in Figure 35 A, thus anchor clamps 1320 can arrange along pipeline 130 make when under the service condition of expection, moving, anchor clamps 1320 do not contact end cap 1362 during the normal expansion scope 1363 at pipeline.Some the time, for example during power loss or disturbance situation, pipe temperature can surpass the limit of expection or design.Shown in Figure 35 B, in some modification, anchor clamps can be designed to allow pipeline to slide through anchor clamps and the structure or the receiver that can not damage anchor clamps, pipeline or suspending mechanism substantively, for example damage being limited in being lower than failpoint.Even in these configurations, also can hope or need after pipeline slide through its pipeline jig, repair or change anchor clamps, pipeline, suspending mechanism (for example passage) or pipeline coatings.

The mode of thermal expansion difference that in some cases, can adopt the thermal expansion that allows pipeline or a plurality of pipelines is from the lower support pipeline.In some cases, roller can be used for from the lower support pipeline, and for example described in U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 10/597,966 and the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 12/012,829, each said application is incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper.Figure 38 A to Figure 38 L shows the example of the bearing assembly that comprises independent supporting roller, and said supporting roller is used for each pipeline of pipe arrangement.These bearing assemblies can for example be used for supporting the pipeline of the pipe arrangement shown in Figure 25 A, Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B or Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C.At first with reference to figure 38A, bearing assembly 1410 comprises axle 1411, and roller 1412 rotates around said axle 1411.Axle is approximately perpendicular to duct length.Figure 38 B illustrates the modification of axle 1411.Alternatively, can between two adjacent rollers 1412, arrange separator 1413.Roller 1412 can be but must not be that (profiled) taper or given shape is to hold the cylindrical shape of pipeline.Figure 38 C to Figure 38 E shows the non-limiting example of given shape roller.In Figure 38 C, roller 1412 has the zone line 1415 of nonspecific shape, the stub area 1414 and the core body 1416 of given shape, and axle 1411 extends through said core body.Figure 38 D illustrates the modification of roller 1412, and the zone line 1415 of nonspecific shape is shorter than the zone line shown in Figure 38 C in said modification.Figure 38 E shows the modification of roller 1412, and said roller does not have the zone line of nonspecific shape.Also considered other modification of roller, roller does not have the given shape zone in said modification, or single roller can support the pipeline more than in said modification.Roller in the bearing assembly and/or the roller interval in bearing assembly can change to hold different pipe diameter.For example; Shown in Figure 38 A; Roll 1412-1,1412-2,1412-3,1412-5,1412-6 and 1412-7 outward and can support pipeline than minor diameter, and in roll 1412-4 and 1412-8 can support larger-diameter pipeline, for example shown in Figure 25 A, Figure 26 A to Figure 26 C and Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C.For holding this larger-diameter pipeline, in roll 1412-4 and 1412-8 can be bigger, for example have long end to tip dimensions 1417, and/or can have bigger center to center spacing 1418.Thereby roller can have surface composition reduces the damage to pipe surface, when especially being coated with solar selective coat as if pipe surface.Can select roller material based on the swell increment of expection, formation, pipeline weight and/or the pipeline temperature in use of pipeline.Roller in single bearing assembly can but must not have identical or similar composition.In some modification, the one or more rollers in the bearing assembly can be processed by graphite bronze at least in part.In some cases, one or more rollers can have cast iron or carbide coating.

Alternatively, roller 1412 can be carried in the rolling disk (roller tray) 1419 with axle 1411.Figure 38 A, Figure 38 F to Figure 38 J show the non-limiting modification of rolling disk.At first with reference to figure 38F, rolling disk 1419 comprises sidewall 1422 and end wall 1420.Separator 1413 is supported between the sidewall 1422, for example in the groove 1423.Separator 1413 has formed depression (pocket) 1421 in rolling disk 1419, wherein each depression 1421 links with single roller.The effect that separator in use can play is that the roller 1412 of individuality is aimed at whole bearing assembly, and prevents that adjacent rollers from contacting with each other.Axle 1411 can be carried by the recess that in separator 1413, forms 1424 (for example arc-shaped notch).Figure 38 L shows the example of separator 1413.At this, separator 1413 comprises arc-shaped notch 1424, and said arc-shaped notch has less radius of curvature to hold the axle 1411 of hope.In this particular variant, separator 1413 comprises sidepiece protuberance 1430 so that insert in the sidewall notches 1423.Alternatively, separator 1413 can comprise bottom protuberance 1431 so that insert the bottom groove 1433 of the bottom surface 1432 of rolling disk 1419.Thereby separator 1413 can be arranged the pipeline that holds different size with the depression 1421 that limits different size along pallet 1419.For the pipe arrangement shown in Figure 25 A, Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B or Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C; Be used to hold be used in than the bosom depression 1421-4 of the roller of large-diameter pipeline and 1421-8 and can have the length 1428 longer than the length of outside depression 1421-1,1421-2,1421-3,1421-5,1421-6 and 1421-7 1439, said outside depression is used to hold the roller that is used in the lower diameter tube road.Shown in Figure 38 G, alternatively, the modification of the rolling disk 1419 shown in Figure 38 F can be processed (for example punching press) by single flat board (for example steel), and is said dull and stereotyped by bending and welding subsequently.Figure 38 H to Figure 38 I shows another modification of rolling disk 1419.In this modification, optional installing rack 1426 is connected to each end wall 1421.What between each installing rack 1426 and its corresponding end wall 1421, extend is one or two angle bracket 1427.Shown in Figure 38 I, the modification of 1419 shown in Figure 38 H can be processed (for example punching press) and bent and be welded into its final form subsequently by single thin plate (for example steel).Although not shown in Figure 38 H to Figure 38 I, separator 1413 can be by the roller 1412 of groove 1423 supportings with reach 1411 and separating adjacent.The size (for example shown in Figure 38 F to Figure 38 I) of noting rolling disk 1419 can change, and the height 1429 of sidewall 1422 is less to provide lower profile for rolling disk thereby for example can make.Figure 38 J to Figure 38 K provides the example of low profile tray design.Shown in Figure 38 K, the low profile tray design shown in Figure 38 J can be processed and subsequently by bending be welded into its final form by single thin plate (for example through punching press).In some modification, two separators 1413 can be used between the adjacent channel, for example between the larger-diameter pipeline pipeline of 4 inch diameters (for example 3 inches, 3.5 inches or) and adjacent channel.Figure 38 K shows the example of this modification.Although separator 1413 obviously is not shown in Figure 38 K; But wherein show groove 1423-4 ' and groove 1423-4 " each all be used to carry separately separator 1413 limiting pipe recess 1421-4, and groove 1423-8 ' and groove 1423-8 " each all be used to carry separately separator 1413 with qualification pipe recess 1421-8.Thus, pipe recess 1421-4 and 1421-8 have a pair of separator that they and adjacent depression are separated.Pipe recess 1421-1,1421-2,1421-5 and 1421-6 only have the single separator that they and adjacent depression are separated.Pipe recess 1421-3 and 1421-7 have the single separator that they and adjacent depression are separated in a side, and have a pair of separator that they and adjacent depression are separated at opposite side.

In some modification, the diameter of each pipeline of (in the preamble of this paper or example hereinafter described) pipeline 130 can change, and the pipeline that plan is carried than hot fluid has than major diameter.For example, overheated pipeline 130-4 among Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C and 130-8 have the diameter bigger than other pipeline.Again for example, the pipeline 130-4 of the alternate path among Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B and 130-8 (said pipeline can accommodate saturated vapor or superheated steam) have the diameter bigger than other pipeline.In any one modification of these examples, pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 have about 4, about 3.5, about 3, about 2.5 or about 2 inches internal diameter or external diameter, and other pipeline has about 2, about 1.5 or about 1 inch internal diameter or external diameter.For example, pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 can have the internal diameter or the external diameter of about 3 inches or 3.5 inches, and other pipeline can have the internal diameter or the external diameter of about 2 inches, 1.66 inches, 1.5 inches or 1 inch.This increment that can select pipe diameter will be for example will maintain from the pressure drop of inlet header to outlet header during the peak value solar energy condition of expection less than about 10 crust.In some cases, in single pipe arrangement, can adopt and have three, four, five, six or the pipeline of more kinds of different-diameters.For example, each in succession the pipeline in the path can have the diameter that increases with respect to the pipeline in previous path.Can select the wall thickness of pipeline based on the running temperature of the composition of the composition of pipeline, heat-transfer fluid, pipeline and/or pressure, pipeline in the stress of run duration experience or strain, safety or operation instruction policy, rules or standard (for example boiler code) or their any combination.The diameter that also can select pipeline is reduced to minimum with the water yield of used amount of metal being reduced to minimum and/or (for example (for example night) is stored in the pipeline 130 between the inoperative period) that can exist.Also can select pipe diameter to reduce to minimum through the time of delivery of all or part of pipeline 130 (for example through evaporation and superheat section) fluid; For example fluid flow through the lower diameter tube road time faster under the situation, this so can provide to the control system (for example such control system: said control system utilize temperature or another physical parameter of the fluid that in pipeline or from pipeline, leaves as to controlling the control input or the feedback of control system that fluid gets into the mass flow of pipeline) than fast-response.

In some modification of pipe arrangement as herein described, when pipe arrangement has six or still less during ebullator pipeline, the pipeline that pipeline 130 comprises has two kinds of different internal diameters of as many as or external diameter.Have seven to some modification of 12 ebullator pipelines, the pipeline that pipeline 130 comprises has three kinds of different internal diameters of as many as or external diameter.Have 12 or some modification of more a plurality of ebullator pipelines in, the pipeline that pipeline 130 comprises has four kinds of different internal diameters of as many as or external diameter.

In some modification, the material that (in the preceding text of this paper or example hereinafter described) processed each pipeline of pipeline 130 can change according to the heat recipient fluid process that takes place therein.For example; Economizer and ebullator pipeline in some modification (or the local section of tubing that can seethe with excitement therein) can be processed by carbon steel, and overheated pipeline (or overheated local section of tubing takes place in expection therein) can be processed by T22 or similar low-alloy steel.In some cases, T22 or materials similar can allow superheat steam temperature up to about 900 ° of F or about 1000 ° of F.In some cases; The pipeline (or section of tubing) (for example Jie Re with boiling pipeline) of the experience that is in operation lower temperature can be processed by carbon steel, and the pipeline (or section of tubing) (for example overheated pipeline) of the experience higher temperature that is in operation can be processed by stainless steel the non-austenitic stainless steel of martensite or ferritic stainless steel (for example such as).

In some modification, the solar selective coat on each pipeline of (in the preceding text of this paper or example hereinafter described) pipeline 130 can be according to the endothermic process (the for example maximum temperature of endothermic process) that takes place therein and different on composition.For example; The solar selective coat that comprises electronickelling ashbury metal and sol-gel cuticula is (for example at U.S. Patent number 6; 632; 542 and 6,783, the solar selective coat described in 653; Each said patent is incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper) can be used as in expection and be maintained at about 250 ℃, 300 ℃ or 350 ℃ or the solar selective coat on those pipelines of low temperature (or part of pipeline) more, and be designed for the solar selective coat (SOLKOTE for example of higher temperature ^TM, come from the New Jersey, the SOLEC Sunpower Corp. in Ewing city) can be used on the part of remaining pipes or pipeline.

For multitube as herein described road receiver, the thermal energy storage of relatively large amount is in heat-transfer fluid (for example water) and in the metal of pipeline.This energy storage was just lost at night.Can be through reducing the amount of energy storage in multitube road receiver like this: select quantity and their diameter of pipeline in the solar receiver so that be inversely proportional to the hot-fluid that is incident on the pipeline, and the pressure drop on duct length is proportional to the density in this pipeline in the density of the fluid of pipe interior.This can reduce the amount of the energy storage in receiver.Shown in Figure 40 A, the standing procedure in the boiler is that pressure reduces along the length of boiler tubing is linear, shown in line 4000.But the density of the fluid in pipeline is linear reduction the before its experience phase transformation only, is shown in 4001 places, position in the curve 4002 among Figure 40 B.The quantity of optionally connected receipts device interior conduit and diameter are proportional to the interior density (for example shown in the curve 4002 among Figure 40 B) of pipeline to realize the non-linear voltage drop (for example shown in the curve 4004 among Figure 40 A) along duct length thereby the interior pressure drop of pipeline is similar to.With reference now to Figure 40 C,, it shows the example of pipe arrangement 4005, and said pipe arrangement has the binary channel flow path, is similar to the flow path shown in Fig. 3, Figure 24, Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C and Figure 26 A to Figure 26 B.The parallelly connected export-oriented pipeline 130-1 of feedwater entering, 130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6 and 130-7 and the solar radiation of being assembled are shone for the first time; Arrive the revolution collector until it; In said collector, return radiation through the pipeline 130-4 in the alternate path, and return through the radiation assembled to produce superheated steam through the pipeline 130-8 in the alternate path from the junction stream of pipeline 130-5,130-6 and 130-7 through assembling from the junction of pipeline 130-1,130-2 and 130-3 stream.As shown in the figure, pipeline reduces to the most external pipeline density in the pipe arrangement from the bosom.Can select the relative duct size diameter of most external and bosom pipeline so that be substantially equal to the pressure drop of the length of pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 along the pressure drop of the length of most external pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6 and 130-7 along the bosom.With reference now to Figure 40 D,, it shows pipe arrangement 4006, and said pipe arrangement has 12 pipelines that are in the binary channel configuration.The relative diameter of most external pipeline 130-1,130-2,130-3,130-5,130-6,130-7,130-9,130-10,130-11 and 130-12 and bosom pipeline 130-4 and 130-8 is chosen to make along the pressure drop of the most external pipeline length pressure drop greater than the duct length along the bosom.This is to be chosen as basically through the diameter with the most external pipeline to realize less than the diameter of bosom pipeline.Configuration shown in Figure 40 D causes the subcooled water more less than configuration shown in Figure 40 C.Because than the bigger heat of large pipeline 130-4 and 130-8, the configuration shown in Figure 40 D has been stored more multipotency in the superheat region of pipe arrangement 4006.But at normal operation period and/or between transient period, the interior unnecessary heat of superheat region that is stored in pipe arrangement can help to make overheated stable performance.The quantity that note that pipeline shown in Figure 40 C and Figure 40 D only is exemplary, and the pipeline of any suitable quantity (for example have be less than 8 pipelines or more than the pipe arrangement of 12 pipelines) can be used for realizing similar result.

Figure 13 illustrates the example of solar collector system 500; Said collector systems is included in solar heat receiver 510 and the sun reflection lens array on tower 515 top, each of said heliostat can around two angle axle orientations with sun-tracing every day apparent motion solar radiation is reflexed to receiver 510.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that; This solar energy acquisition known in the art system, and the characteristic of tower shown in Figure 13, receiver and heliostat arrange substantially and the quantity of heliostat all is intended to the schematic example as representative numerous configurations known in the art.

With reference now to Figure 14,, solar heat receiver 510 comprises the solar collector 525,530 and 535 of vertical layout as shown in the figure in some modification.Curve map 540 illustrate by the heliostat (not shown) vertically (" Z ") be focused to the exemplary distribution of the solar radiation (" I ") on the receiver 510.Shown in example in, intensity of solar radiation distribute and thereby the heat flux distribution to the receiver 510, at absorber 530 places than big at absorber 525 or absorber 535 places.Aqueous water flows and comes absorber 525 through conduit 545 in some modification; The solar radiation that its temperature is assembled along with it at said absorber 525 places is heated and is increased, and said solar radiation provides relatively low hot-fluid (compared to the peak value hot-fluid that is provided by the solar radiation of assembling).Heated aqueous water flows subsequently and comes absorber 535 through collector 550 in absorber 525, and further heating is to produce steam in the radiation that it is assembled equally at said absorber 535 places, and said radiation provides relatively low hot-fluid.Flow subsequently from the steam of absorber 525 and to come absorber 530 through collector 560, it is overheated that the solar radiation that it is assembled at said absorber 530 places is heated to, and said solar radiation provides than at the relative higher hot-fluid with 535 places of absorber 525.Superheated steam leaves receiver 510 through outlet header 565.

Figure 15 is illustrated in the example of the prone receiver 575 on tower 515 tops.Prone receiver 575 comprises prone hole 575, and solar radiation can be focused on the absorber in the receiver 575 by heliostat (for example, such as heliostat shown in Figure 13) through said hole.

With reference now to Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B,, solar collector 600 comprises the pipeline 600-1 and the 600-2 of flow path shown in the supporting in a modification.When by the distribution of the intensity of solar radiation shown in Figure 16 B 605 (distributing at the colder approximate ellipsoidal of periphery than heat at the center) irradiation, mobile fluid through absorber 600 will at first flow through the periphery of solar radiation distribution and flow into the solar radiation center of distribution subsequently.If fluid for example is water, then water can at first be aqueous water, said aqueous water solar radiation distribute than low-intensity part in be heated to increase its temperature boiling and being heated in the middle body that solar radiation distributes subsequently to produce superheated steam.

In the example of Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B, solar collector 700 comprises the pipeline 700-1 and the 700-2 of flow path shown in the supporting.Be similar to the example of Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B, when being distributed 705 irradiations by the intensity of solar radiation shown in Figure 17 B, mobile fluid through absorber 700 will at first flow through the periphery of solar radiation distribution and flow into its center subsequently.If fluid is water, then it can be heated as said about Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B to increase its temperature, boiling, and further to be heated with the generation superheated steam.

Again with reference to figure 1; Thereby at the control in service system (not shown) control motor of solar energy acquisition system 100 so that reflector around its major axis rotation sun-tracing and thus solar radiation is reflexed to solar collector 125 during the sun is crossed the apparent motion of sky, said

motor rotoflector field

110 and 120 reflector.The control system possesses the table of reflector orientation angle in some modification; Maybe can calculate the reflector orientation angle, it can be in the time of one day specific, and (for example specific 1 year specific one day specific the time) will reflex to ad-hoc location (for example to solar collector 125) from the solar radiation of certain reflector.

Then with reference to figure 18A and Figure 18 B, the method that in an example, is used for calibrating this orientation angle (the for example angle θ of the reflector 900 of Figure 18 A) has been utilized near the light sensor 910 the solar collector 125 that is arranged in solar heat receiver 150.In a modification of this method, when reflector 900 rotating tee are crossed the sufficient range of θ and its beam reflected is swept to and when passing through sensor 910, sensor 910 is surveyed the intensity of the light that reflexes to it.Figure 18 B illustrates signal strength signal intensity I (θ) by sensor output as the orientation angle of reflector 900 and the curve map of the function of time.Then, confirmed the peak value 915 (approximate) of sensor output corresponding to center by the light beam of reflector reflects, and time corresponding and reflector orientation angle.Then, (through for example calculate or through searching in the described table like preamble) confirmed that reflector orientation angle, control system can utilize this reflector orientation angle that reflector is oriented light is reflexed to sensor.Then, the angle of confirming is like this deducted orientation angle corresponding to the peak value sensor signal so that collimation angle to be provided.Collimation angle can be used as correction value subsequently, adds to the control system and confirms on the angle of (for example calculate or search) for solar collector 125 is aimed in the solar radiation of reflection, to improve the accuracy that solar radiation is reflected onto receiver.

In one aspect; Method for collecting solar energy comprises flows through being arranged to a plurality of parallelpipeds of configuration side by side the fluid that comprises steam; And solar radiation is focused on the heat absorber that comprises these a plurality of pipelines so that the fluid in the said heat flux distribution water back to be provided to ducted heat flux distribution.At least one of a plurality of pipelines makes steam superheating.Make the pipeline of steam superheating can be positioned at the for example overall maximum place of heat flux distribution.Steam can produce elsewhere and be introduced into solar collector so that overheated, or in solar collector, produces.

Fluid can comprise aqueous water, can in a plurality of pipelines, produce at least a portion steam through under hot-fluid, making the boiling of at least a portion aqueous water in this case, and said hot-fluid is lower than the hot-fluid that makes steam superheating.In a plurality of pipelines boiling with at least a portion of the aqueous water that produces steam can be before boiling, in that preheating is to increase its temperature in a plurality of pipelines under the hot-fluid, said hot-fluid is lower than the hot-fluid that makes the aqueous water boiling.In the modification outside steam results from solar collector, at least a portion of the water of generation steam can preheating be to increase its temperature before the boiling outside solar collector in a plurality of pipelines under hot-fluid, and said hot-fluid is lower than the hot-fluid that makes steam superheating.

In described method just, a plurality of pipelines can connect mutually so that two or more fluid flow path to be provided in some modification, and said flow path is around the center line of a plurality of pipelines symmetry mutually.

In one aspect; Method for collecting solar energy comprises flows through a plurality of parallelpipeds the fluid that comprises aqueous water, steam or aqueous water and steam, and said a plurality of parallelpipeds are arranged to configuration side by side and connect mutually to provide around the center line of a plurality of pipelines two or more fluid flow path of symmetry mutually.This method also comprises solar radiation is focused on the heat absorber that comprises these a plurality of pipelines so that the heat flux distribution to the pipeline, the fluid in the said heat flux distribution water back to be provided.

In some modification of first or second aspect of method, method comprises solar radiation is focused on the heat absorber, thus make heat flux distribution to the pipeline in the bosom pipeline place greater than at most external pipeline place.Part fluid flows the first most external pipeline through pipeline one side in the bosom to gather heat on first direction.Another part fluid flows on first direction through the second most external pipeline to gather heat, a side relative with the first most external pipeline of said second most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom.At least a portion of heated fluid is flowing through the bosom pipeline to gather other heat in the opposite direction with first party in the first and second most external pipelines.

In other modification, method also comprises solar radiation is focused on the heat absorber, thus make to ducted heat flux distribution in the bosom pipeline place greater than at most external pipeline place.In these modification, the mobile first most external pipeline through pipeline one side in the bosom of a part of fluid with first enthalpy also increases its enthalpy thus to gather heat.Another part fluid with first enthalpy or approximate first enthalpy flows through the second most external pipeline to gather heat and to increase its enthalpy, the first most external pipeline offside of said second most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom thus.At least a portion of heated fluid flows in the first and second most external pipelines also further increases the enthalpy of fluid through the bosom pipeline to gather other heat thus.

In described method just, flowing in the most external pipeline can be parallel or antiparallel.If mobile in the most external pipeline is parallel, then ducted flowing can be parallel or be anti-parallel to flowing in the most external pipeline in the bosom.

In other modification of method, method also comprises solar radiation is focused on the heat absorber, thus make to ducted heat flux distribution in the bosom pipeline place greater than at most external pipeline place.In these modification; The first most external pipeline through pipeline one side in the bosom is flowed to gather heat in the first that comprises the fluid of water, steam or water and steam; The another part that comprises the fluid of water, steam or water and steam flows through the second most external pipeline to gather heat, the first most external pipeline offside of said second most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom.That in the first and second most external pipelines, produce or in the first and second most external pipelines, be heated and the steam that produces flows through the bosom pipeline to gather other heat and to produce superheated steam thus by water.

In described method just, same, flowing in the most external pipeline can be parallel or antiparallel.If mobile in the most external pipeline is parallel, then ducted flowing can be parallel or be anti-parallel to flowing in the most external pipeline in the bosom.

In one aspect; Method for collecting solar energy comprises solar radiation is focused on the heat absorber that comprises a plurality of parallelpipeds to provide to ducted heat flux distribution; Said a plurality of parallelpiped is arranged to configuration side by side, heat flux distribution in the bosom pipeline place greater than at most external pipeline place.Fluid flows the first most external pipeline through pipeline one side in the bosom to gather heat on first direction.Fluid also flows on first direction through the second most external pipeline to gather heat, the first most external pipeline offside of said second most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom.At least a portion of heated fluid is flowing through the bosom pipeline to gather other heat in the opposite direction with first party in the first and second most external pipelines.

In one aspect; Method for collecting solar energy comprises solar radiation is focused on the heat absorber that comprises a plurality of parallelpipeds to provide to ducted heat flux distribution; Said a plurality of parallelpiped is arranged to configuration side by side, heat flux distribution in the bosom pipeline place greater than at most external pipeline place.Fluid with first enthalpy flows also increases the enthalpy of fluid thus with the collection heat through the first most external pipeline of pipeline one side in the bosom.Fluid with first enthalpy or approximate first enthalpy flows through the second most external pipeline to gather heat and to increase its enthalpy, the first most external pipeline offside of said second most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom thus.At least a portion of heated fluid flows in the first and second most external pipelines also further increases the enthalpy of fluid through the bosom pipeline to gather other heat thus.Flowing in the most external pipeline can be parallel or antiparallel.If mobile in the most external pipeline is parallel, then ducted flowing can be parallel or be anti-parallel to flowing in the most external pipeline in the bosom.

In one aspect; Method for collecting solar energy comprises solar radiation is focused on the heat absorber that comprises a plurality of parallelpipeds to provide to ducted heat flux distribution; Said a plurality of parallelpiped is arranged to configuration side by side, heat flux distribution in the bosom pipeline place greater than at most external pipeline place.The mobile first most external pipeline that passes through pipeline one side in the bosom of water, steam or water and steam mixture is to gather heat.Water, steam or water and steam mixture flow through the second most external pipeline to gather heat, the first most external pipeline offside of said second most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom.That in the first and second most external pipelines, produce or in the first and second most external pipelines, be heated and the steam that produces flows through the bosom pipeline to gather other heat and to produce superheated steam thus by water.Flowing in the most external pipeline can be parallel or antiparallel.If mobile in the most external pipeline is parallel, then ducted flowing can be parallel or be anti-parallel to flowing in the most external pipeline in the bosom.

In some modification of method, a plurality of pipelines can connect mutually to provide around the symmetrical mutually two or more fluid flow path of the center line of a plurality of pipelines.

In one aspect; Method for collecting solar energy has utilized first heat absorber and second heat absorber; Said first heat absorber comprises and is arranged to a plurality of first parallelpipeds of configuration side by side, and said second heat absorber comprises and is arranged to a plurality of second parallelpipeds of configuration side by side.Method comprises solar radiation is focused on first heat absorber to provide to a plurality of first ducted heat flux distribution; And solar radiation is focused on second heat absorber to provide to a plurality of second ducted heat flux distribution; Said to a plurality of first ducted heat flux distribution in the bosom pipeline place greater than at the most external pipeline place of a plurality of first pipelines, said to a plurality of second ducted heat flux distribution in the bosom pipeline place greater than most external pipeline place at a plurality of second pipelines.

Fluid flows through first heat absorber to gather heat, a side of said first most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom of a plurality of first pipelines through the first most external pipeline on first direction.Fluid on first direction through the second most external pipeline flow through first heat absorber with the collection heat, said second most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom with the first most external pipeline opposite side.

At least a portion of heated fluid flows through second heat absorber to gather other heat, a side of said first most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom through the first most external pipeline on second direction in the first or second most external pipeline of first heat absorber.Another part at least of heated fluid flows through second heat absorber gathering other heat through the second most external pipeline on second direction in the first or second most external pipeline of first heat absorber, said second most external pipeline pipeline in the bosom with the first most external pipeline opposite side.

At least a portion of heated fluid is flowing bosom pipeline through second heat absorber in the opposite direction to gather other heat and to separate into gas phase and liquid phase subsequently with second party in the first and second most external pipelines of second heat absorber.At least a portion of gas phase is flowing bosom pipeline through first heat absorber in the opposite direction with the heating gas phase and increase its temperature with first party.

In described method just, first direction can be parallel, antiparallel with second direction or intersect.In some modification, the pipeline of first absorber can connect mutually to provide around the symmetrical mutually two or more fluid flow path of the center line of a plurality of first pipelines.Alternatively, or in addition, the pipeline of second absorber can connect mutually to provide around the center line of a plurality of second pipelines two or more fluid flow path of symmetry mutually.

In one aspect, method for collecting solar energy utilizes first, second and the 3rd solar collector, and said absorber arranges that mutually contiguously the in the vertical direction and second absorber are between the first and the 3rd absorber.Method comprises solar radiation is focused on first, second and the 3rd solar collector so that the heat flux distribution of in the vertical direction to be provided, heat flux distribution at the second absorber place greater than at the first and the 3rd absorber place.Water flows through first absorber to gather heat and to increase its temperature.At least a portion of heated water flows through second absorber to gather heat and to produce steam thus in first absorber.At least a portion of the steam that in second absorber, produces flows through the 3rd absorber so that steam superheating.

In the method for the various aspects that preceding text are summed up; For example linear Fresnel reflector system capable of using is focused to solar radiation on the solar collector; In said reflector system absorber extend as the crow flies and the frame height above one or more linear reflectors that extend are capable, said reflector is capable to be arranged to be parallel to absorber.Apparent motion with the sun during following the trail of daytime reflexes to the line focus along absorber with solar radiation thereby the scalable reflector is around the angular direction of its major axis.As another example; Reflector capable of using is focused to solar radiation on the solar collector in the method for preamble; Thereby can around two axles regulate angular direction with so that said reflector follow the trail of daytime during the apparent motion of the sun solar radiation is guided to point-like or spot shape focus on the absorber, said absorber is positioned on the top of tower of reflector top.Other method that solar radiation is focused to absorber also capable of using in the method for preceding text.

Comprise in the method for heat absorber of pipeline in the utilization that preceding text are summed up; Solar radiation can directly be focused on the pipeline; Or alternatively, to other absorption feature of baffle, surface or heat absorber, said feature is between pipeline and incident solar radiation.In the later case, for example be passed to pipeline to provide by baffle, surface or other heat that absorbs the feature absorption to ducted heat flux distribution through conduction.

Equally, comprise in the method for heat absorber of pipeline in the utilization that preceding text are summed up, the pipeline in the absorber can be for example coplanar, be arranged in two or more parallel or intersecting planes or be arranged to the series of parallel pipeline.Flowing fluid can for example form two, three, four, five, six or more than six paths along the absorber length that is parallel to pipeline in comprising the absorber of parallelpiped.

This paper also discloses and has supported the method that preceding text are summed up and the system and the device of fluid flow problem.

The disclosure is illustrative rather than restrictive.Other change is apparent to those skilled in the art and should drop in the scope of accompanying claims according to the disclosure.For example, although heat recipient fluid is identified as water in the described modification of preamble, also can adopt any suitable optional heat recipient fluid.Exemplary optional fluid can include but not limited to oil, fuse salt, gas (for example air, helium) and organic fluid (being included in the organic fluid that can become gas phase under the service condition of solar collector at place from liquid phase mutually).All that in specification, quote deliver thing and patent application is incorporated by reference in their entirety to this paper, just divide other to deliver thing as each or patent application all specifically and has respectively been set forth the same in this article.

Claims

1. solar collector system, said system comprises:

The solar receiver that frame is high; Said solar receiver comprises pipe arrangement; Said pipe arrangement is included on the lateral dimension of receiver with parallel configuration side by side and is arranged in a plurality of pipelines in the receiver along the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of pipelines comprise internal pipeline, at first external pipe of internal pipeline one side and at second external pipe of the side relative with first external pipe of internal pipeline;

At least one orientable reflector, thus the solar radiation that said reflector can be operated with guiding incident forms the cover district on pipe arrangement; And

Detect and the control system, the direction that said detection and control system are used to control at least one orientable reflector provides the cover district to be in operation, and said cover district comprises the curve distribution of being with peak value on the lateral dimension of receiver, wherein:

Receiver comprises inlet region and outlet area, and said inlet region is configured to admit the heat-transfer fluid that gets in the pipe arrangement, and said outlet area is configured to export the heat-transfer fluid through heating from pipe arrangement; And

A plurality of pipelines of pipe arrangement define the flow circuits from first and second external pipe to internal pipeline between inlet region and the outlet area jointly.

2. solar collector according to claim 1 system; Wherein pipe arrangement is configured such that the cover district distributes the inner heat-transfer fluid of hot-fluid to pipe arrangement; Thereby make to be in operation that the fluid density in the inside of the pipeline of pipe arrangement is inversely proportional to the hot-fluid that is passed to this pipeline.

3. solar collector according to claim 1 system, said system is configured to the linear fresnel solar collector systems, wherein:

Receiver is the high linear pattern receiver of frame;

At least one orientable reflector be contained in reflector capable in, said reflector is capable to be arranged in and to be parallel to receiver and incident radiation is accumulated on the receiver; And

The cover district comprises line focus.

4. solar collector according to claim 1 system, wherein pipe arrangement is about the longitudinal centre line symmetry of receiver.

5. solar collector according to claim 1 system, the flow control apparatus that also is included on the flow circuits gets into the mass flow in the pipe arrangement with the control heat-transfer fluid.

6. solar collector according to claim 1 system, wherein pipe arrangement comprises one or more thermal expansions district, said thermal expansion district adapts to the thermal expansion of pipe arrangement.

7. solar collector according to claim 6 system, wherein extend in the plane that is limited a plurality of parallelpipeds at least one thermal expansion district.

8. solar collector according to claim 6 system, wherein at least one thermal expansion district extends to outside the plane that is limited a plurality of parallelpipeds.

9. solar collector according to claim 6 system; Wherein the thermal expansion district comprises the suspending mechanism with at least one anchor clamps; Said anchor clamps maintain one of pipeline of pipe arrangement; Suspending mechanism is connected to and slides or tourelle, and said slip or tourelle be by rail support, and said track is connected mutually with receiver architecture and defines the path that is parallel to duct length for said slip or tourelle.

10. solar collector according to claim 1 system, wherein:

The inlet region comprises first inlet region;

Outlet area comprises first outlet area;

Internal pipeline comprises first internal pipeline;

Heat-transfer fluid gets into pipe arrangement to get into first external pipe through first inlet region; Thereby on first direction, flow to arrive the revolution collector; Said revolution collector makes heat-transfer fluid changed course getting into first internal pipeline, thus make heat-transfer fluid with antiparallel second flow direction of first flow direction on flow to arrive first outlet area; And

The cover district provides than to the more hot-fluid of first external pipe to first internal pipeline.

11. solar collector according to claim 10 system, wherein:

The inlet region also comprises second inlet region;

Outlet area also comprises second outlet area;

Internal pipeline also comprises second internal pipeline; And

Heat-transfer fluid gets into pipe arrangement through second inlet region; Thereby on first flow direction, flow in second external pipe and turn round collector to arrive second, the said second revolution collector makes the heat-transfer fluid changed course to get into second internal pipeline and on second flow direction, to flow to arrive second outlet area.

12. solar collector according to claim 10 system, wherein:

The inlet region also comprises second inlet region; And

Heat-transfer fluid gets into pipe arrangement through second inlet region; Thereby on first flow direction, flow in second external pipe and turn round collector to arrive second, the said second revolution collector makes the heat-transfer fluid changed course to get into first internal pipeline and on second flow direction, to flow to arrive first outlet area.

13. solar collector according to claim 10 system, wherein the internal diameter of first internal pipeline is greater than the internal diameter of first external pipe.

14. solar collector according to claim 10 system, wherein pipe arrangement comprises a plurality of pipelines parallelly connected with first external pipe, and pipe arrangement is configured such that heat-transfer fluid flows and turns round collector through this a plurality of pipelines to arrive on first direction.

15. solar collector according to claim 10 system; Wherein pipe arrangement comprises a plurality of pipelines parallelly connected with first internal pipeline, and pipe arrangement is configured such that heat-transfer fluid flows through these a plurality of pipelines to arrive first outlet area on second direction.

16. solar collector according to claim 10 system, wherein pipe arrangement comprises serpentine path between first external pipe and first internal pipeline, thereby makes the flow path of heat-transfer fluid pass the cover district more than twice ground.

17. a method for collecting solar energy, said method comprises:

Make heat-transfer fluid flow in the pipe arrangement of the high solar receiver of frame through the inlet region; Wherein pipe arrangement is included on the lateral dimension of receiver with parallel configuration side by side and is arranged in a plurality of pipelines in the receiver along the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of pipelines comprise internal pipeline, at first external pipe of internal pipeline one side and at second external pipe of the side relative with first external pipe of internal pipeline; And

Solar radiation is focused on the high solar receiver of frame to form the cover district, and said cover district comprises the curve distribution of being with peak value on the lateral dimension of receiver, wherein:

A plurality of pipelines of pipe arrangement define the flow circuits from external pipe to internal pipeline between inlet region and the outlet area jointly.

18. method according to claim 17; Wherein pipe arrangement is configured such that the cover district distributes the inner heat-transfer fluid of hot-fluid to pipe arrangement; Thereby make to be in operation that the fluid density of the inside of the pipeline of pipe arrangement is inversely proportional to the hot-fluid that is passed to this pipeline.

19. method according to claim 17 also comprises the mass flow of utilizing flow control apparatus control to get into the heat-transfer fluid in the pipe arrangement.

20. method according to claim 17, wherein pipe arrangement comprises one or more thermal expansions district, and said thermal expansion district adapts to the thermal expansion of pipe arrangement.

21. method according to claim 20, wherein extend in the plane that is limited a plurality of parallelpipeds at least one thermal expansion district.

22. method according to claim 20, wherein at least one thermal expansion district extends to outside the plane that is limited a plurality of parallelpipeds.

23. method according to claim 20; Wherein the thermal expansion district comprises the suspending mechanism with at least one anchor clamps; Said anchor clamps maintain one of pipeline of pipe arrangement; Suspending mechanism is connected to and slides or tourelle, and said slip or tourelle be by rail support, and said track is connected mutually with receiver architecture and defines the path that is parallel to duct length for said slip or tourelle.

24. method according to claim 17, wherein:

The inlet region comprises first inlet region;

Outlet area comprises first outlet area;

Internal pipeline comprises first internal pipeline;

Heat-transfer fluid is flowed to be comprised to pipe arrangement: on first direction, flow arriving the revolution collector to get into first external pipe in arranging thereby make heat-transfer fluid pass through the first inlet region flow ipe, thereby said revolution collector make the heat-transfer fluid changed course with get into first internal pipeline make heat-transfer fluid with antiparallel second flow direction of first flow direction on flow to arrive first outlet area; And

25. method according to claim 24, wherein the internal diameter of first internal pipeline is greater than the internal diameter of first external pipe.