CN102707284B - Ground control and measurement stationing method based on onboard interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) - Google Patents
Ground control and measurement stationing method based on onboard interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ground control and measurement stationing method based on an onboard interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). The method comprises the following steps of: 1, designing a flight line, namely determining a range of a region to be plotted according to pre-collected information of a detection region terrain and designing the number N of sorties required to fly and the flight line of each sortie according to the determined range of the region to be plotted and flight parameters during plotting; 2, arranging calibration fields, namely arranging one or two calibration fields for radiating and geometrically calibrating an onboard InSAR system inside or outside the detection region; 3, stationing plotting control points; and 4, scanning flight, namely after the N sorties fly in the calibration fields and the detection region, acquiring InSAR measurement data in the region to be plotted. By the method, the steps are rational in design, the use operation is simple, and the using effect is good; and the shortcoming that the onboard InSAR terrain plotting control and measurement cannot be instructed according to the technical rule of the conventional optical system is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture field of measuring technique, especially relate to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne I nSAR that is applicable to level land and knob.
Background technology
InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar; Abbreviation: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar or interfering synthetic aperture radar are measured) technology comes from the U.S., in European and American developed countries, obtains constantly improving and maturation, and its application is also constantly promoted.Country for the prosperity of InSAR technology, as the U.S. and German spatial information industrial technology company, using practical Airborne High-resolution InSAR technology as a kind of new, advanced technological means, for aspects such as topographic mapping, forest surveying, resource exploration and Environmental Mapping, geologic media and disaster monitorings, and along with the fast development of this technology, new application is also progressively being widened.
Interfering synthetic aperture radar is measured (InSAR) technology, research through recent two decades, its theory is ripe day by day, in actual use procedure, radar interference measurement has the following advantages: the first, do not rely on sunshine, but utilize the electromagnetic wave of self transmitting to measure, therefore can round-the-clock work; The second, except piercing the clouds and mist, be not also subject to the impact of weather conditions, therefore can all weather operations; Three, radar interference is measured the elevation information that can directly obtain landform.Thereby nowadays the application of interfering synthetic aperture radar measurement (InSAR) technology is also constantly promoted.Many American-European countries using practical Airborne High-resolution InSAR technology as a kind of new, advanced technological means, for aspects such as topographic mapping, forest surveying, resource exploration and Environmental Mapping, geologic media and disaster monitorings.
In recent years, in China's interference synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology, as a kind of new, advanced technological means, be applied to gradually topographic mapping.Yet airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar (being airborne InSAR) is distinct, specific as follows in all many-sides such as image-forming principle, remote sensing mode, condition of work, projection pattern, projection errors with conventional optical systems:
The first, remote sensing mode is different: airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar belongs to active, employing be microwave imaging; And traditional optical imaging system is passive type, employing be visible light wave range imaging.
The second, condition of work is different: airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar can round-the-clock, all weather operations, make up photogrammetric measurement and be subject to the restriction of weather, time, be expected to solve the cloudy mists such as Southwestern China, south China, rainy area, it is the regional topographic mapping problem of traditional optical sensor difficult in imaging, thereby can be efficiently, in real time national Major Strategic, Important Project and calamity emergency reaction, reliable spatial data and information material are provided, have promoted the service guarantee ability with need mapping.
Three, projection pattern is different: airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar belongs to oblique distance projection type, and at every point of a conformation in a flash, therefore also belong to dynamic pickup type, view picture image is in scanning conformation process, and the position of sensor and attitude change in time and constantly.And the frame width formula of traditional optical photography photo belongs to central projection type, and view picture image is all to form in single exposure moment, belongs to surface imaging type.
Four, error is different: on diameter radar image, and the ground object target of the same gradient, the ground object target close to closely end (angle of depression is large) Length Contraction is serious, puts more the end of from, Length Contraction is larger, and vice versa.And perspective is shunk and to be shunk just on the contrary with perspective on radar image on optical photography photo, the ground object target Length Contraction close to putting more the end of from is less, otherwise Length Contraction is larger.In addition, on the image shift dy=hcosq that diameter radar image topographic relief causes and traditional optical frame width formula photography photo, the blurring that topographic relief causes, δ=hr/H is different, refers to Fig. 1.
Therefore, the technical manual of existing conventional optical systems, cannot instruct the control survey of airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar topographic mapping.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR is provided, its method step is reasonable in design, use easy and simple to handle and result of use good, can significantly reduce reference mark, field, reduce production costs and accelerate into figure speed, the technical manual that has made up existing conventional optical systems cannot instruct the deficiency of airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar topographic mapping control survey.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, line of flight design: first, according to collecting in advance Ce district topographic(al) data, determine the scope in region to be surveyed and drawn; Afterwards, in conjunction with the scope in determine region to be surveyed and drawn and the flight parameter in mapping process, the line of flight of the sortie quantity N of required flight in airborne InSAR system mapping process and the flight of each sortie is designed;
Described flight parameter comprises the Duplication that beam angle that mapping that heading, mapping strip length, mapping bandwidth, the flight of each sortie cover makes progress in distance with the beam center visual angle of quantity, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used and airborne InSAR system are obtained InSAR image;
During actual mapping, preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000～1 ︰ 50000; And when the line of flight of sortie quantity N and the flight of each sortie is designed, heading is East and West direction or north-south, mapping strip length is determined according to the flying power of aircraft and the size of region to be surveyed and drawn on heading, the sweep length that described mapping bandwidth is airborne InSAR system in flight course and its are 2km～8km, the mapping band quantity that each sortie flight covers is 5～10, and all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 30 °～60 °, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 26 ° at the beam angle that makes progress of distance, and the Duplication that airborne InSAR system is obtained InSAR image is not less than 40% joining quality during with assurance image joint;
A described calibration interior edge distance is no less than 5 scaling points to being laid with, and on each scaling point, is provided with a scaler, and the spacing between adjacent two described scaling points is 200m～1000m;
Step 4, flight scanning: according to the line of flight designing in step 1, carry out the calibration field flight He Ce district flight of N sortie, and all first once calibrate a flight before each sortie survey district's flight; In flight He Ce district, the calibration field flight course of N sortie, all adopt described airborne InSAR system and airborne Position Fixing Navigation System to carry out synchro measure, and all corresponding acquisitions InSAR measurement data, Airborne GPS data, GPS ground base station data, calibration field measurement data and mapping control point survey data after the flight of each sortie, N sortie calibration flown and after flying in He Ce district, just obtained the InSAR measurement data in region to be surveyed and drawn.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR, it is characterized in that: in step 1 according to the flying power of aircraft with wait surveying and drawing the size of region on heading to mapping strip length while determining, during each sortie flight, effective mapping time of aircraft is 2h ± 0.2h, and speed per hour is 500km/h ± 50km/h, each mapping band head and the tail respectively adds turning round the flight time of 25km; While calibrating the flight of a flight He Ce district, field in step 4, aircraft all carries out unaccelerated flight with the speed per hour of 500km/h ± 50km/h.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR, is characterized in that: the preset scale described in step 1 is 1 ︰ 10000 or 1 ︰ 50000; When preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000, the spacing in step 2 between adjacent two described scaling points is 200m～300m; When preset scale is 1 ︰ 50000, the spacing in step 2 between adjacent two described scaling points is 400m～1000m.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne I nSAR, is characterized in that: the preset scale described in step 1 is 1 ︰ 10000 or 1 ︰ 50000; When preset scale is 1: 10000, in step 3 described in each mapping with on column pitch between the adjacent two row described mapping reference mark of laying be all not more than 25km; When preset scale is 1 ︰ 50000, in step 3 described in each mapping with on column pitch between the adjacent two row described mapping reference mark of laying be all not more than 30km.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne I nSAR, is characterized in that: in step 1, all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn, and all extends out 1km～2.5km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of the radar antenna used of airborne InSAR system described in step 1 is 45 ° ± 5 °; Preset scale described in step 1 is 1 ︰ 10000; Mapping strip length is 100km ± 5km, and described mapping bandwidth is 2926m ± 50m, and the mapping band quantity that each sortie flight covers is 10.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR, it is characterized in that: described in step 1, surveying and drawing strip length is 100km, described mapping bandwidth is 2926m, and all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn and all extends out 1km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 45 °, and the Duplication that airborne I nSAR system is obtained InSAR image is 40%.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne I nSAR, is characterized in that: in step 1, all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn, and all extends out 1km～2.5km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of the radar antenna used of airborne I nSAR system described in step 1 is 45 ° ± 5 °; Preset scale described in step 1 is 1 ︰ 50000; Described mapping strip length is 175km ± 5km, and described mapping bandwidth is 5072m ± 50m, and the mapping band quantity that each sortie flight covers is 5～7.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR, it is characterized in that: described in step 1, surveying and drawing strip length is 175km, described mapping bandwidth is 5072m, and all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn and all extends out 2.5km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 45 °, and the Duplication that airborne InSAR system is obtained InSAR image is 40%.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR, is characterized in that: described in step 1, surveying district is irregular area, and in step 3 in the peripheral raised zones in described survey district, along distance to setting up the described mapping of row reference mark.
Above-mentioned a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR, it is characterized in that: in step 3 described in each mapping with on lay each be listed as described mapping reference mark all along surveying and drawing reference mark apart from be no less than three to laying, also need in described survey district, lay 3～6 equally distributed mapping reference mark as the checkpoint for the evaluation procedure four InSAR measurement data imaging precision that obtains simultaneously.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, method step simple, use easy and simple to handle and input cost is low, mainly comprise the links such as line of flight design, a calibration laying, control points layout, flight scanning.
2, result of use is good, and the 3D product draught smanship of the system of surveying is high, and mapping precision is high.
3, scaling point and mapping control chart are laid conveniently.
4, practical value is high, form a set of effectively based on InSAR technology control survey method, promoted I nSAR technology to carry out the businessization operation of topographic mapping, the technical manual that has made up existing conventional optical systems cannot instruct the deficiency of airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar topographic mapping control survey, fully demonstrate the advantage of airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar system, and be beneficial to promotion and application and the large-scale production of INSAR new technology, save production cost and time.Meanwhile, this method can significantly reduce reference mark, field, reduces production costs, and accelerates into figure speed.The application of the method has advanced airborne INSAR new technology to the conversion of actual productivity, made full use of and brought into play the advantage of airborne INSAR system, solved the mapping problem of conventional optical systems difficult region simultaneously, therefore aspect the emergency guarantee of preventing and reducing natural disasters, the monitoring of geographical national conditions and national defense safety, will play a significant role.
In sum, the inventive method step is reasonable in design, use easy and simple to handle and result of use good, can significantly reduce reference mark, field, reduce production costs and accelerate into figure speed, the technical manual that has made up existing conventional optical systems cannot instruct the deficiency of airborne Interference synthetic aperture radar topographic mapping control survey.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the image shift contrast schematic diagram that traditional optical frame width formula photography photo and diameter radar image cause because of topographic relief.
Fig. 2 is method flow block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is scaling point and the installation position schematic diagram of surveying and drawing reference mark in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is scaling point and the installation position schematic diagram of surveying and drawing reference mark in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 is the mapping control points layout mode schematic diagram that Ce of the present invention district adopts while being regular domain.
Fig. 6 is the mapping control points layout mode schematic diagram that Ce of the present invention district adopts while being irregular region.
Description of reference numerals:
1-scaling point; 2-mapping reference mark; 3-mapping band;
4-peripheral raised zones.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR as shown in Figure 2, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, line of flight design: first, according to collecting in advance Ce district topographic(al) data, determine the scope in region to be surveyed and drawn; Afterwards, in conjunction with the scope in determine region to be surveyed and drawn and the flight parameter in mapping process, the line of flight of the sortie quantity N of required flight in airborne InSAR system mapping process and the flight of each sortie is designed.
Described flight parameter comprises the Duplication that beam angle that mapping that heading, mapping strip length, mapping bandwidth, the flight of each sortie cover makes progress in distance with the beam center visual angle of quantity, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used and airborne InSAR system are obtained InSAR image.Wherein, distance is to being side-looking direction for the wave beam direction of illumination of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used, distance to orientation to perpendicular, and orientation is to being the heading of aircraft for platform direction of motion.
During actual mapping, preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000～1 ︰ 50000; And when the line of flight of sortie quantity N and the flight of each sortie is designed, heading is East and West direction or north-south, mapping strip length is determined according to the flying power of aircraft and the size of region to be surveyed and drawn on heading, the sweep length that described mapping bandwidth is airborne InSAR system in flight course and its are 2km～8km, the mapping band quantity that each sortie flight covers is 5～10, and all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 30 °～60 °, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 26 ° at the beam angle that makes progress of distance, and the Duplication that airborne InSAR system is obtained InSAR image is not less than 40% joining quality during with assurance image joint.
In the present embodiment, collect in advance Ce district topographic(al) data and comprise the data such as topomap data, digital elevation model of surveying district.The actual Ce of mapping district is the coverage of survey area that In Mian-yang Area, Sichuan Province area is about the 10 width 1:10000 of 274 square kilometres, refers to Fig. 3.
When the actual line of flight to sortie quantity N and the flight of each sortie designs, first according to the flying power of aircraft and the size of region to be surveyed and drawn on heading, mapping strip length is estimated.After surveying and drawing strip length and determining, the flight parameters such as Duplication that the beam angle that the mapping covering in conjunction with mapping bandwidth, each sortie flight again makes progress in distance with the beam center visual angle of quantity, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used and airborne InSAR system are obtained InSAR image, determine effective mapping region of each sortie flight; Afterwards, in conjunction with the scope in determine region to be surveyed and drawn, just can determine sortie quantity N.When the line of flight of each sortie flight is designed, need design in conjunction with described flight parameter, and need all mappings region that guarantees N sortie flight to cover region whole to be surveyed and drawn.
Before actual mapping, according to the flying power of aircraft with wait surveying and drawing the size of region on heading to mapping strip length while determining, during each sortie flight, effective mapping time of aircraft is 2h ± 0.2h, and speed per hour is 500km/h ± 50km/h, each mapping respectively adds turning round the flight time of 25km with 3 head and the tail.In the present embodiment, during the flight of each sortie, effective mapping time of aircraft is 2h, and speed per hour is 500km/h, and each mapping band head and the tail respectively adds turning round the flight time of 25km.When reality is determined mapping strip length, also can, according to the actual flying power of adopted aircraft, to effective mapping time of aircraft, speed per hour, each mapping, be with the added parameters such as flight time of turning round of 3 head and the tail to adjust accordingly.
During actual mapping, all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn, and all extends out 1km～2.5km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of described airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 45 ° ± 5 °.
When preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000, mapping strip length is 100km ± 5km, and described mapping bandwidth is 2926m ± 50m, and the mapping band quantity that each sortie flight covers is 10.In the present embodiment, described mapping strip length is 100km, and described mapping bandwidth is 2926m, and all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn and all extends out 1km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 45 °, and the Duplication that airborne InSAR system is obtained InSAR image is 40%.
In the present embodiment, Sortie is for once, and carries out East and West direction flight.During practical flight, platform sea level elevation 3600m, landform reference altitude is 600m.
A described calibration interior edge distance is no less than 5 scaling point 1(to meet resolving of calibration parameter to being laid with), and on each scaling point 1, be provided with a scaler, the spacing between adjacent two described scaling points 1 is 200m～1000m.
In the present embodiment, preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000, and the spacing between described calibration interior adjacent two described scaling points 1 is 200m～300m.Described scaler is trihedral corner reflector.
In the present embodiment, calibration of the northern laying in Ce district, this calibration field is positioned to be surveyed outside district, and in this calibration Chang Yuce district, the distance between institute's distributing GPS base station is not more than 50 kilometers, and described calibration is laid with 20 scaling points 1 in field.
In the present embodiment, the specification of selected trihedral corner reflector is that the right-angle side length of side is the trihedral corner reflector of 30cm.And the root-mean-square error of the flatness on trihedral corner reflector used surface should be less than 1mm; The verticality of every two panels of corner reflector is less than 0.5 °.
In addition, before trihedral corner reflector is laid, the parameters such as beam angle that should make progress in distance according to the beam center visual angle of the design course line in step 1, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used, calculate the design attitude of trihedral corner reflector, determine the position angle of trihedral corner reflector.In the present embodiment, when scaling point 1 position is determined, first on the 1:10000 topomap of collecting, carry out reconnaissance, then carry out reconnaissance on the spot, piling, during reconnaissance, require to meet GPS observation and clear two conditions of radar imagery of facilitating simultaneously.
Before operation, trihedral corner reflector is cleaned, guarantee that each reflecting surface is without covertures such as dust, rainwater, ice and snow.While settling trihedral corner reflector, visual bottom surface hypotenuse level (being less than ± 3 °); Adopt the geologic compass angle that fixes the position, guarantee that trihedral corner reflector actinal surface points to radar line of sight direction, relatively radar bearing angular displacement be less than ± 5 °; Guarantee that the three-dimensional coordinate deviation that anchor point is departed from three (interior) summits of corner reflector is less than 1cm, records actual deviation value in the time of can not meeting the demands as far as possible.
When mapping reference mark 2 is laid, according to surveying the line of flight designing in district's shape and step 1, lay.During concrete laying, mapping reference mark 2 is laid in each mapping with on 3 ground.
When described survey district is regular domain, in conjunction with Fig. 5, actual laying while surveying and drawing reference mark 2, described in each, mapping is with all along orientation to laying multiple row mapping reference mark 2.When preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000, described in each, mapping is all not more than 25km with the column pitch between the adjacent two row described mapping reference mark of laying on 3; When preset scale is 1 ︰ 50000, described in each, mapping is all not more than 30km with the column pitch between the adjacent two row described mapping reference mark of laying on 3.
In the present embodiment, preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000, and described in each, mapping is all not more than 25km with the column pitch between the adjacent two row described mapping reference mark of laying on 3.
When Dang Ce district is irregular area, in conjunction with Fig. 6, except mapping described in each is with all along orientation to laying multiple row mapping reference mark 2, in also need the peripheral raised zones 4 in described survey district (specifically described survey district Inner Front End portion or rearward end are protruded other mapping with 3 region to be surveyed and drawn), along distance to setting up the described mapping of row reference mark 2.Wherein, the laying mode that described in each, mapping is regular domain with the laying mode Yu Ce district at upper mapping reference mark 2 is identical, and this that set up is listed as described mapping reference mark 2 and along distance to laying, is no less than three mapping reference mark 2.
In addition, each be listed as described mapping reference mark 2 all should be full of mapping of living in 3 distance to, cover whole coverage of survey area, adjacent two mappings should be public as far as possible with 3 mapping reference mark 2; In the time of can not be public, adjacent two mappings be with 3 should lay respectively mapping reference mark 2.In Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, between two neighbouring solid lines, be that a mapping is with 3, and 3 public row mapping reference mark 2 are with in adjacent two mappings, a row mapping reference mark 2 of for example laying in the region between each dotted line solid line adjacent with its downside in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is for adjacent two mappings are with 3 public row mapping reference mark 2.
In the present embodiment, in step 3, mapping is listed as described mapping reference mark 2 with each that lay on 3 and all along distance to laying, is no less than three and surveys and draws reference mark 2 described in each, also need in described survey district, lay 2 conducts of 3～6 equally distributed mapping reference mark for the checkpoint of the evaluation procedure four InSAR measurement data imaging precision that obtains simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, on described mapping reference mark 2, the specification of institute's laying corner reflector is that the right-angle side length of side is the trihedral corner reflector of 0.3m.
In the present embodiment, along thing heading, lay 3 row mapping reference mark 2, amount to 42 mapping reference mark 2, the spacing between adjacent two row mapping reference mark 2 is not more than 25 kilometers.
Step 4, flight scanning: according to the line of flight designing in step 1, carry out the calibration field flight He Ce district flight of N sortie, and all first once calibrate a flight before each sortie survey district's flight; In flight He Ce district, the calibration field flight course of N sortie, all adopt described airborne InSAR system and airborne Position Fixing Navigation System to carry out synchro measure, and all corresponding acquisitions InSAR measurement data, Airborne GPS data, GPS ground base station data, calibration field measurement data and mapping control point survey data after the flight of each sortie, N sortie calibration flown and after flying in He Ce district, just obtained the InSAR measurement data in region to be surveyed and drawn.
In the present embodiment, before flight scanning, should first complete the laying of GPS base station.
In Ce district, lay 2 above GPS base stations of D level, adopt Novatel type double-frequency GPS receiver.
Each sortie survey district's flight all must be calibrated a flight, and the flying height in the flying height Yu Ce district of calibration field is identical.
In this step, while calibrating the flight of a flight He Ce district, field, aircraft all carries out unaccelerated flight with the speed per hour of 500km/h ± 50km/h.In the present embodiment, while calibrating the flight of a flight He Ce district, field, aircraft all carries out unaccelerated flight with the speed per hour of 500km/h.
In the present embodiment, in step 2, in institute's laying scaling point 1 and step 3, lay under the prerequisite at mapping reference mark 2, along East and West direction, carry out a sortie flight, obtain the INSAR measurement data in Liao Ce district, and according to obtained INSAR measurement data, and in the application for a patent for invention file that is 201010287251.4 according to application number, disclosed 3D production method is produced 3D product, specifically comprise that digital line draws map (be called for short DLG), digital elevation model (vehicle economy M) and digital orthophoto map (being called for short DOM), produced 3D product is detected simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, the testing result of produced digital elevation model DEM is in Table 1:
The testing result of table 1 digital elevation model DEM
In the present embodiment, the testing result of produced digital orthophoto map DOM is in Table 2:
The testing result of table 2 digital orthophoto map DOM
| Test site | Mistake in plane after excluding gross error | Least error | Maximum error |
| Poor (rice) | (rice) | (rice) | |
| Test site 1 | 1.56 | 0.19 | 3.79 |
| |
2.50 | 0 | 5.75 |
| |
2.664 | 0.161 | 9.004 |
In the present embodiment, produced digital line is drawn the testing result of map DLG in Table 3:
Table 3 digital line is drawn the testing result of map DLG
| Error in planimetric position (rice) | Least error (rice) | Maximum error (rice) | Rough error rate |
| 3.109 | 0.371 | 23.350 | 2.8% |
In the present embodiment, the mapping after surveying and drawing in district according to method Dui Ce described in Fig. 2 the results are shown in Table 4:
Mapping the results list of table 41:10000 preset scale
And the precision index of DEM, DOM, DLG plane and the elevation of national regulation regulation, respectively in Table 5 to table 7:
Table 5 DEM precision index unit is rice
Table 6DOM precision index unit is rice
Table 7DLG precision index unit is rice
From testing result, in the present embodiment, during 1:10000 preset scale, DEM, the DOM of the system of surveying and the plane precision of DLG product and vertical accuracy can meet the requirement of knob.
In the present embodiment, as different from Example 1: the preset scale in step 1 is 1 ︰ 50000, survey of living in district is that In Mian-yang Area, Sichuan Province area is about 81 ︰ 50000 coverage of survey area of 3504.48 square kilometres, refers to Fig. 4; In step 1, surveying and drawing strip length is 175km ± 5km, described mapping bandwidth is 5072m ± 50m, the mapping band quantity that the flight of each sortie covers is 5～7, and the covering region whole to be surveyed and drawn, all mappings region of N sortie flight also all extends out 2.5km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 45 °, and the Duplication that airborne InSAR system is obtained InSAR image is 40%; The quantity of calibration described in step 2 is two, and two calibration fields are all laid in and survey in district, and the spacing between adjacent two described scaling points 1 is 400m～1000m; In step 3, mapping is all not more than 30km with the column pitch between the adjacent two row described mapping reference mark 2 of laying on 3 described in each, and on described mapping reference mark 2, the specification of institute's laying corner reflector is that the right-angle side length of side is the trihedral corner reflector of 0.4m.In the present embodiment, all the other method steps are all identical with embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment, actual while specifically surveying and drawing, described in step 1, surveying and drawing strip length is 175km, and described mapping bandwidth is 5072m.A calibration is respectively laid in the south in Ce district, the north, and in two calibration Chang Yuce districts, the distance between institute's distributing GPS base station is all not more than 50 kilometers, amounts to 34 scaling points 1.Along thing heading, lay 4 row described mapping reference mark 2, amount to 87 described mapping reference mark 2.In addition, Sortie is six times, and carries out East and West direction flight.During practical flight, platform sea level elevation 6000m, landform reference altitude is 800m.
Equally, in the present embodiment, in the application for a patent for invention file that the INSAR measurement data that six sortie flights are obtained to survey district is 201010287251.4 according to application number, disclosed 3D production method is made 3D product, specifically comprise that digital line draws map (be called for short DLG), digital elevation model (vehicle economy M) and digital orthophoto map (abbreviation DOM), produced 3D product is detected simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, the testing result of produced digital elevation model DEM is in Table 8:
The testing result of table 8 digital elevation model DEM
In the present embodiment, the testing result of produced digital orthophoto map DOM is in Table 9:
Table 9: the testing result of digital orthophoto map DOM
In the present embodiment, produced digital line is drawn the testing result of map DLG in Table 10:
Table 10 digital line is drawn the testing result of map DLG
From testing result, in the present embodiment, during 1:50000 preset scale, DEM, the DOM of the system of surveying and the plane precision of DLG product and vertical accuracy can meet the requirement of knob.
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every any simple modification of above embodiment being done according to the technology of the present invention essence, change and equivalent structure change, and all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, line of flight design: first, according to collecting in advance Ce district topographic(al) data, determine the scope in region to be surveyed and drawn; Afterwards, in conjunction with the scope in determine region to be surveyed and drawn and the flight parameter in mapping process, the line of flight of the sortie quantity N of required flight in airborne InSAR system mapping process and the flight of each sortie is designed;
Described flight parameter comprises the Duplication that beam angle that mapping that heading, mapping strip length, mapping bandwidth, the flight of each sortie cover makes progress in distance with the beam center visual angle of quantity, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used and airborne InSAR system are obtained InSAR image;
During actual mapping, preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000～1 ︰ 50000; And when the line of flight of sortie quantity N and the flight of each sortie is designed, heading is East and West direction or north-south, mapping strip length is determined according to the flying power of aircraft and the size of region to be surveyed and drawn on heading, the sweep length that described mapping bandwidth is airborne InSAR system in flight course and its are 2km～8km, the mapping band quantity that each sortie flight covers is 5～10, and all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 30 °～60 °, airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 26 ° at the beam angle that makes progress of distance, and the Duplication that airborne InSAR system is obtained InSAR image is not less than 40% joining quality during with assurance image joint;
Step 2, calibration are laid: outside Nei Huoce district, the district of Ce described in step 1, lay one or two and described airborne InSAR system is carried out to the calibration field of radiation calibration and geometric calibration; While laying calibration field outside Dang Ce district, the distance in described calibration Chang Yuce district between institute's distributing GPS base station is not more than 50 kilometers;
A described calibration interior edge distance is no less than 5 scaling points (1) to being laid with, and is provided with a scaler on each scaling point (1), and the spacing between adjacent two described scaling points (1) is 200m～1000m;
Step 3, mapping control points layout: on all mapping bands (3) in region to be surveyed and drawn described in step 1, lay respectively mapping reference mark (2), and described in each, mapping is with on (3) all along orientation to laying multiple row mapping reference mark (2); Each that lay on mapping band (3) described in each is listed as described mapping reference mark (2) all along distance to laying a plurality of mappings reference mark (2), and described in each, surveys and draws to be with and survey and draw reference mark (2) described in the multiple row of laying on (3) and should cover whole mapping band (3); Described in each, survey and draw and on reference mark (2), be laid with a corner reflector;
Step 4, flight scanning: according to the line of flight designing in step 1, carry out the calibration field flight He Ce district flight of N sortie, and all first once calibrate a flight before each sortie survey district's flight; In flight He Ce district, the calibration field flight course of N sortie, all adopt described airborne InSAR system and airborne Position Fixing Navigation System to carry out synchro measure, and all corresponding acquisitions InSAR measurement data, Airborne GPS data, GPS ground base station data, calibration field measurement data and mapping control point survey data after the flight of each sortie, N sortie calibration flown and after flying in He Ce district, just obtained the InSAR measurement data in region to be surveyed and drawn.
2. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1 according to the flying power of aircraft with wait surveying and drawing the size of region on heading to mapping strip length while determining, during each sortie flight, effective mapping time of aircraft is 2h ± 0.2h, and speed per hour is 500km/h ± 50km/h, each mapping band (3) head and the tail respectively adds turning round the flight time of 25km; While calibrating the flight of a flight He Ce district, field in step 4, aircraft all carries out unaccelerated flight with the speed per hour of 500km/h ± 50km/h.
3. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the preset scale described in step 1 is 1 ︰ 10000 or 1 ︰ 50000; When preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000, the spacing in step 2 between adjacent two described scaling points (1) is 200m～300m; When preset scale is 1 ︰ 50000, the spacing in step 2 between adjacent two described scaling points (1) is 400m～1000m.
4. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the preset scale described in step 1 is 1 ︰ 10000 or 1 ︰ 50000; When preset scale is 1 ︰ 10000, the column pitch between the adjacent two row described mapping reference mark (2) of laying on mapping band (3) described in each in step 3 are all not more than 25km; When preset scale is 1 ︰ 50000, the column pitch between the adjacent two row described mapping reference mark (2) of laying on mapping band (3) described in each in step 3 are all not more than 30km.
5. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in step 1, all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn, and all extends out 1km～2.5km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of the radar antenna used of airborne InSAR system described in step 1 is 45 ° ± 5 °; Preset scale described in step 1 is 1 ︰ 10000; Mapping strip length is 100km ± 5km, and described mapping bandwidth is 2926m ± 50m, and the mapping band quantity that each sortie flight covers is 10.
6. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described in step 1, surveying and drawing strip length is 100km, described mapping bandwidth is 2926m, and all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn and all extends out 1km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 45 °, and the Duplication that airborne InSAR system is obtained InSAR image is 40%.
7. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in step 1, all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn, and all extends out 1km～2.5km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of the radar antenna used of airborne InSAR system described in step 1 is 45 ° ± 5 °; Preset scale described in step 1 is 1 ︰ 50000; Described mapping strip length is 175km ± 5km, and described mapping bandwidth is 5072m ± 50m, and the mapping band quantity that each sortie flight covers is 5～7.
8. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: described in step 1, surveying and drawing strip length is 175km, described mapping bandwidth is 5072m, and all mappings region of N sortie flight covers region whole to be surveyed and drawn and all extends out 2.5km to the surrounding in region described to be surveyed and drawn; The beam center visual angle of airborne InSAR system radar antenna used is 45 °, and the Duplication that airborne InSAR system is obtained InSAR image is 40%.
9. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described in step 1, surveying district is irregular area, and in the peripheral raised zones (4) in step 3 in described survey district, along distance to setting up the described mapping of row reference mark (2).
10. according to a kind of ground control survey points distributing method based on airborne InSAR described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: each that lay on mapping band (3) described in each in step 3 is listed as described mapping reference mark (2) and all along distance to laying, is no less than three mapping reference mark (2), also need in described survey district, lay the checkpoint that 3～6 equally distributed mapping reference mark (2) conduct is used for the evaluation procedure four InSAR measurement data imaging precision that obtains simultaneously.
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| CN111596272B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2022-11-29 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Airborne multi-polarization SAR system external calibration method based on corner reflector |
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