CN102705108B - Periodic alternating current drive low-temperature plasma ignition method and system - Google Patents
Periodic alternating current drive low-temperature plasma ignition method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102705108B CN102705108B CN201210210842.0A CN201210210842A CN102705108B CN 102705108 B CN102705108 B CN 102705108B CN 201210210842 A CN201210210842 A CN 201210210842A CN 102705108 B CN102705108 B CN 102705108B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a periodic alternating current system low-temperature plasma ignition method and a periodic alternating current drive low-temperature plasma ignition device, an relates to the technical field of aerospace engine ignition, combustion and propulsion. The method comprises the following steps of: arranging an ignitor at a proper position of a combustion chamber, wherein a high voltage electrode and a low voltage electrode of the ignitor are connected with a high voltage end and a low voltage end of a low-temperature plasma power source, and a frequency controller is connected with the low-temperature plasma power source; triggering the low-temperature plasma power source and a frequency controller switch and adjusting power output parameters; adjusting control discharge frequency of the frequency controller and discharge time of each period; and providing a trigger signal to the low-temperature plasma power source by the frequency controller, discharging by the power source, and discharging to ignite according to certain frequency by the ignitor. The invention also discloses the corresponding periodic alternating current drive low-temperature plasma ignition device. The method and the device have the advantages of large-size ignition, capabilities of shortening ignition delay time, realizing high-efficiency reliable ignition in the aspects of high-altitude low-voltage supersonic speed combustion, lean burn and the like and improving the performance of an engine, industrial energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Aero-Space engine ignition burning Push Technology field, relate in particular to a kind of periodicity and exchange low temperature plasma ignition method and the system of driving.
Background technique
The development of arms race, the aircraft that aeroengine and pressed engine be power of take progressively strides forward near space, and object is to improve counterreconnaissance, the anti-interdiction capability of aircraft.In high-altitude, at a high speed, the motor of low pressure, low temperature regime of flight, firing chamber operating mode is very severe, is prone to degradation problem under low tension ignition difficulty, poor combustion stability, combustion efficiency.For improve retrofire reliability, widen stable operation range, wherein reliably firing mode is most important, thereby in the urgent need to researching and developing a kind of novel high-efficiency point ignition technique.
Common firing mode has hot surface, flame on duty, induced with laser spark, spark plug and plasma jet, and they are all not fire mixed gas by heating, and its temperature is raise, and produce initial free radicals, then cause chain reaction by these initial free radicalss.To hot surface ignitor, its ignition delay time is longer, and the life-span is shorter; The flame on duty deficiency that existence value spot flame may be blown out of lighting a fire; Induced with laser spark ignition needs focused high-energy laser pulse; Plug ignition is a kind of extensive use, reliable firing mode.All there is the problem that ignition zone is little in above-mentioned these firing mode, when combustion condition very severe, as problems such as upper low igniting, supersonic combustion, fuel-seans, just there is defect in the applicability of existing firing mode and reliability, thereby can cause ignition difficulties or light a fire unsuccessful.And pyrotechnics spark ignition can only once be used on motor, can not realize repeatedly igniting, the catalyzer of catalytic ignition easily lost efficacy and corrosion, and ignition delay time is very long.
The inlet pressure of aeroengine thrust augmentation firing chamber and scramjet combustor is low, particularly under upper low, pressure can be low to moderate 0.04-0.05MPa, speed-the pressure boundary not only catching fire sharply dwindles, and the Air/Fuel Ratio border catching fire also sharply dwindles, thereby cause ignition difficulties, combustion instability.For making upper low igniting, at extensively flying height and flight M, count and in scope, there is reliability, carry out regnition, general high-altitude ignition all carries out under richer oil condition, though and adopt fuel oil to heat can to improve ignitability with oxygenation, increase the complexity of system.For guaranteeing the reliable ignition of motor under various extreme conditions, must overcome spark plug and under upper low, have this defect of ignition difficulties, wish a kind of advanced person's of development firing technique.
Pulse-knocking engine (Pulse Detonation Engine is called for short PDE) is a kind of novel power plant of following aerospace field.It is by intake duct, valve, detonation tube, jet pipe, ignition system and composition of the control system.Research to PDE is passed by half a century, and a lot of developed countries have all formulated detailed research and development plan, drops into huge fund research and development PDE.China mainly contains the units such as Northwestern Polytechnical University, Nanjing Aero-Space University, Institutes Of Technology Of Nanjing, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics PDE is studied to work.Based on also having a lot of difficulties aspect the researchs such as pinking theory, key technology, prototype design at present, achievement in research does not also reach desirable expection and engineering level of application, therefore, must carry out the pinking mechanism of PDE and the research of key technology in a deep going way, wherein ignition and detonation mode is one of important key technology.
PDE utilizes periodic detonation wave to produce the power plant of thrust, has comprised the processes such as mixed gas filling, ignition and detonation, detonation wave generation and propagation and exhaust.PDE mainly by shorten that deflagration twists to detonation apart from discrete time, to form detonation wave be the most real and effective means of PDE, be one of important key technology of PDE.Success is firing mode effectively, adopt low temperature plasma firing mode, can in detonation tube head certain length, in whole cross section, realize large volume igniting and burning simultaneously, improve ignition performance, shorten ignition delay time, increase chemical reaction rate, accelerate the formation of detonation wave, thereby shorten deflagration to pinking apart from discrete time, improve PDE performance and frequency of okperation.
Low temperature plasma is used widely in biomedicine, surface treatment, waste gas treatment, the fields such as control, burning of flowing, but main employing interchange drives low temperature plasma at present, and nanosecond produces low temperature plasma, is subject to the restriction of power supply Development Level.Low temperature plasma ignition and combustion strengthening is a kind of new application approach of plasma technique, its have realize weak mixture reliably, the efficient potentiality of igniting and rapid combustion, this technology has caused the extensive concern of countries in the world.Exchanging the dielectric barrier discharge driving is the major way that produces low-temperature plasma, can under certain pressure, produce the low temperature plasma that volume is large, energy density is high, and due to the existence of insulating medium between electrode, the partial discharge or the arc discharge that in discharge process, are prone to have been avoided.Low temperature plasma igniting mainly by discharging in ignition mixture, the high-energy electron utilize producing and the collision of fuel molecule cause molecule dissociation, excite even and ionize, produce a large amount of materials such as active atomic, molecule and ion, thereby improve ignitability and combustion stability.Chemical reaction is carried out at multiple spot, accelerate igniting process, thereby successfully realized large volume igniting, flame is full of whole air-flow path cross section, has greatly shortened ignition delay time and has improved inflammability limit.
Overseas utilization exchanges and drives, and when flammable mixed gas passes through discharge space, will produce low temperature plasma, has successfully realized large volume igniting, and flame is full of whole discharge space, has greatly shortened ignition delay time and has improved inflammability limit.Inventor herein has carried out the experimental research of low temperature plasma igniting at home first, experiment has confirmed under flammable initial pressure scope 0.02-0.1Mpa and flow velocity 5-70m/s condition, adopt one-sided dielectric barrier discharge, take methane, ethene, Fuel Petroleum is fuel, in there is no the air-flow path of flame stabilizer, realized the large volume igniting of whole mixed gas channel cross-section.The Chinese Academy of Sciences, air force engineering university, the Central China University of Science and Technology etc. have carried out the research work that exchanges driving Plasma Assisted Combustion in succession.These tests all realize discharge igniting and burning under manual tune mode above, can't carry out correlation test by engine ignition requirement, more do not have the technical specifications that adopt low temperature plasma igniting in engine air.
Igniting is the starting point of combustion process, different firing mode, and its physical and chemical process is different.Plug ignition is mainly that electrical discharge arc directly punctures flammable mixed gas in the moment of igniting, produces thermal plasma, by the fuel gas temperature of the local zonule that raises, makes flammable mixed gas molecule be heated, decompose, and forms active group, realizes the process of lighting mixed gas.If heat plasma flow point owner of the house where a fire started high-pressure gas medium is when flowing through high-voltage pulse Arc Discharge district, generate a high-temperature plasma jet, its degree centigrade can reach several thousand degree, when spraying into flammable mixed gas at a high speed, heat plasma stream will light flammable mixed gas, and produce chemistry and pneumatic double effect, accelerate igniting process.Exchanging the low temperature plasma igniting driving is mainly to carry out dielectric barrier discharge in flammable mixed gas, rely on the interaction of high-energy electron and fuel and combustion-supporting gas molecule, there is a series of reaction (dissociation, excite, ionization etc.) and generate little molecule fuel, free radicals and ion isoreactivity material, reach the object of ignition and combustion.In discharge volume, produce large scale, a plurality of discharge channel, each discharge channel is equivalent to an incendiary source, can realize the even volume of discharge space and catch fire, and greatly improves the reliability of igniting, and ignition effectiveness is high, saves ignition energy.
Plug ignition and heat plasma flow point fire are to puncture medium by electrical discharge arc, although thermal plasma is plugged with certain advantage than spark, have the little defect of igniting volume, and thermal plasma firing technique at aviation field without successful Application case.In motor, in high velocity air, light a fire, flame stabilizer need to be installed in spark plug the place ahead, thereby produce certain low velocity zone and recirculating zone at spark plug near zone, by small and weak ignition energy, produce small flame micelle like this, progressively development, flame develops into stable combustion regime.The electron energy of spark plug discharge generation approaches 1eV, exchanges the electron energy of driven medium barrier discharge generation between 1-10eV, improves ignition and combustion performance.The volume of plasma of discharge generation is larger, concentration is higher, activity is stronger, and its ignitability is better.Heat plasma stream improves ignitability than spark plug, shortens retard time, but belongs to small volume igniting, and heat plasma flow point fire need to consume a large amount of energy, and ignition effectiveness is low, and igniting polar is perishable, and system equipment is complicated.Compare with plug ignition, low temperature plasma can catch fire at whole region of discharge simultaneously, improves igniting reliability, improves engine performance.Exchange and drive generation low temperature plasma can test large volume igniting, its specific heat plasma jet and spark plug improve ignitability, its advantage is: 1) can in firing chamber, produce a plurality of large scale discharge channels simultaneously, each discharge channel is equivalent to an incendiary source, the multiple spot that can realize mixed gas catches fire, and greatly improves the reliability of igniting; 2) most of energy of pulse discharge directly acts on flammable mixed gas, and ignition effectiveness is high, saves energy; 3) energy of pulse discharge can produce more chemical reactivity base, thereby accelerates igniting and combustion process.
Aircraft strides forward near space, and reliable ignition and smooth combustion become the important technology of motor.Spark plug is the ripe firing technique of application, but is prone to ignition difficulties under upper low, and heat plasma stream improves ignitability than spark plug, but system equipment is complicated, both belongs to small volume igniting.Low temperature plasma igniting specific heat plasma jet improves igniting reliability and combustion stability under the conditions such as upper low, super combustion, fuel-sean, can realize large volume igniting.
Existing interchange drives low-temperature plasma electrical source, it is all regulating voltage progressively manually, implement electric discharge, produce low temperature plasma, therefore, existing power supply equipment and using method, can not meet aeroengine igniting requirement, particularly can not meet the requirement of PDE ignition and detonation and test DDT process, this has just limited low temperature plasma for igniting and application prospect.And in industrial production and daily life, according to actual needs, if drive the low temperature plasma producing continuously to make periodic discharge into by exchanging, intermittently produce low temperature plasma, can reach the object of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to periodically exchange and drive low temperature plasma ignition method and device, realize large volume igniting, shorten ignition delay time, at aspects such as upper low, supersonic combustion, fuel-seans, realize high efficient and reliable igniting, improve engine performance, and industrial energy saving reduces discharging.
In order to reach above object, the invention discloses a kind of periodicity and exchange driving low temperature plasma ignition method, comprise the following steps:
Igniter is arranged on the appropriate location of firing chamber, and its high-field electrode is connected with low voltage terminal with the high voltage terminal of low-temperature plasma electrical source with low-field electrode, and frequency controller is connected with low-temperature plasma electrical source;
Trigger low-temperature plasma electrical source and frequency controller switch, adjust power supply output parameter;
The controlled discharge frequency of controller of adjusting frequency and the discharge time in each cycle;
Frequency controller is to low-temperature plasma electrical source trigger signal, and power supply discharges, and igniter is by certain frequency discharge igniting.
Further, as a kind of preferred, power supply output parameter is for comprising voltage, electric current and a-c cycle.
Further, as a kind of preferred, supply voltage, electric current and a-c cycle are respectively: 0-70kV, 0.1-10A and 10-100kHz.
Further, as a kind of preferred, be respectively the discharge time in discharge frequency and each cycle: 0.1-200Hz and 0.1-1000ms.
The invention also discloses a kind of periodicity and exchange driving low temperature plasma ignition mechanism, comprising:
Frequency controller, has and can control low-temperature plasma electrical source by certain frequency electric discharge, and can change the size of discharge time;
Low-temperature plasma electrical source, the high voltage low current can output AC driving, can produce low temperature plasma by plasma generator;
Igniter can produce the ion generator of low temperature plasma in flammable mixed gas.
Frequency controller and power supply integration design, power parameter and controlled discharge parameter are setting value.
Further, as a kind of preferred, igniter, adopts coaxial configuration, needle plate structure or slab construction, discharging gap 2-50mm, gas pressure 0.01-3.0MPa.
Further, as a kind of preferred, frequency controller and power supply integration design, power parameter and controlled discharge parameter are setting value.
Owing to adopting periodically to exchange, drive low temperature plasma igniting, there is the igniting of the large volume of realization, shorten ignition delay time, at aspects such as upper low, supersonic combustion, fuel-seans, realize high efficient and reliable igniting, improve engine performance, and industrial energy saving reduces discharging advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by the detailed description with reference to below, can more completely understand better the present invention and easily learn wherein many advantages of following, but accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, form a part of the present invention, schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 periodically exchanges to drive low temperature plasma ignition method embodiment flow chart;
Fig. 2 periodically exchanges to drive low temperature plasma ignition mechanism embodiment block diagram.
Embodiment
Referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 2, embodiments of the invention are described.
For above-mentioned purpose, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of periodicity exchanges and drives low temperature plasma ignition method, comprises the following steps:
S1, igniter are arranged on the appropriate location of firing chamber, and its high-field electrode is connected with low voltage terminal with the high voltage terminal of low-temperature plasma electrical source with low-field electrode, and frequency controller is connected with low-temperature plasma electrical source;
S2, triggering low-temperature plasma electrical source and frequency controller switch, adjust power supply output parameter;
The controlled discharge frequency of S3, the controller of adjusting frequency and the discharge time in each cycle;
S4, frequency controller are to low-temperature plasma electrical source trigger signal, and power supply discharges, and igniter is by certain frequency discharge igniting.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of periodicity of the embodiment of the present invention exchanges and drives low temperature plasma ignition mechanism, comprising: frequency controller 3, has and can control low-temperature plasma electrical source by certain frequency electric discharge, and can change the size of discharge time; Low-temperature plasma electrical source 2, the high voltage low current can output AC driving, can produce low temperature plasma by plasma generator; Igniter 1 can produce the ion generator of low temperature plasma in flammable mixed gas.Each parts can have different structures and implementation route, but regardless of which kind of mode, is finally to drive generation low temperature plasma to realize FREQUENCY CONTROL to the very ripe continuous interchange of current use, and is used widely in association area.
Low-temperature plasma electrical source 2 parameter a-c cycle 10-100kHz, output voltage 0-70kV, electric current 0.1-10A, the also plasma electrical source 2 of other model and parameter.Frequency controller 3 major functions are by trigger signal generator and pulse-width adjustment, to power supply, electric discharge is controlled, and it is discharged with certain frequency, and controls the size of each discharge time, controlled discharge frequency 0.1-200Hz, be 0.1-1000ms discharge time.Igniter 1 also just says ion generator (having various types in industrial production), can adopt the multiple patterns such as coaxial configuration, needle plate structure, slab construction, discharging gap 2-50mm, gas pressure 0.01-3.0MPa, flammable mixed gas velocity 1-2000m/s, when flammable mixed gas passes through discharging gap, will be lighted.
Aspect experimental study, FREQUENCY CONTROL low temperature plasma step: (1) is arranged on igniter the appropriate location of firing chamber, high-field electrode is connected with low voltage terminal with the high voltage terminal of low-temperature plasma electrical source with low-field electrode, frequency controller is connected with low-temperature plasma electrical source, and igniter, low-temperature plasma electrical source, frequency controller are all wanted ground connection; (2) open low-temperature plasma electrical source and frequency controller switch, adjust power supply output parameter (voltage and a-c cycle); (3) adjust frequency the control cycle discharge frequency of controller and the discharge time in each cycle; (4) frequency controller is to low-temperature plasma electrical source trigger signal, and power supply discharges, and igniter is by certain frequency discharge igniting.
Aspect airborne, FREQUENCY CONTROL low temperature plasma step: (1) igniter is arranged on the appropriate location of firing chamber, high-field electrode is connected with low voltage terminal with the high voltage terminal of low-temperature plasma electrical source with low-field electrode, and frequency controller is connected with low-temperature plasma electrical source is integrated; (2) the power supply output parameter of specific occasion (voltage and a-c cycle) is setting value, and frequency and discharge time that frequency controller is controlled are setting value; (3) frequency controller is to low-temperature plasma electrical source trigger signal, and power connection also discharges, and igniter is by certain frequency discharge igniting.
FREQUENCY CONTROL produces low temperature plasma, for power supply and control field personnel, and in the control system of the power supply transformation of the way and variety of way, and power supply and FREQUENCY CONTROL integration, be all easy to realize.
Maximum feature of the present invention be will be in industry the ripe continuous interchange of application drive and produce low temperature plasma mode, by FREQUENCY CONTROL, reach and periodically produce low temperature plasma, successful Application is in the igniting of Aero-Space motor and combustion-supporting.It overcomes the defect of spark plug, cartridge ignition, catalytic ignition, improves the reliability of igniting, widens ignition border, improves ignition effectiveness, saves energy, on Asia combustion and super combustion combustion field, will be widely used.If frequency produces low temperature plasma and applies in industrial production, can reach saving power, reach the object of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Such as plasma discharge firing time is 0.3ms, frequency is 10Hz, and the cycle is 100ms, so in discharge igniting process, only has time of 3/1000ths in electric discharge, and all the other times do not discharge, and just do not consume electric energy yet, thereby reach the object of airborne economize on electricity.Compare with spark plug, spark plug is low voltage, high electric current, and low temperature plasma is high voltage, low current, and correlation computations shows, under identical discharge frequency and discharge time condition, the power consumption of low temperature plasma is lower than spark plug.
The core of invention is exactly to drive by exchanging continuously the low temperature plasma producing, the transformation of the way becomes the low temperature plasma of frequency electric discharge, meet Aero-Space engine ignition and combustion-supporting requirement, such as pulse-knocking engine must be frequency igniting, spark rate is between 10-100Hz, if continuous ignition, motor cannot be worked.Other motor is also frequency igniting, is to be mainly economize on electricity.
At aspects such as industry, medical science, pulse frequency discharge generation low temperature plasma may more have purposes, if adopt suitable FREQUENCY CONTROL, can reach with continuous discharge and produce the same texts of low temperature plasma, and obviously FREQUENCY CONTROL can reduce discharging energy.Such as FREQUENCY CONTROL intermittent discharge can reduce the heating to object, particularly human body, with frequently controlling gently perception of low temperature plasma.Also has other tera incognita.
The embodiment of the present invention has been passed through frequency control system, realized frequency 0.1-100Hz, discharge time 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5ms, also can be set other discharge time, successfully realize the igniting of pulse-knocking engine, proved that with certain frequency, producing low temperature plasma can realize igniting, and improved ignition range than spark plug, shorten DDT time 3-6ms, improved pinking performance.
As mentioned above, core of the present invention is to make FREQUENCY CONTROL into and periodically produce low temperature plasma exchange to drive producing continuously low temperature plasma, embodiments of the invention are explained, but as long as not departing from fact inventive point of the present invention and effect can have a lot of distortion, this will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art.Therefore, within such variation is also all included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. periodically exchange and drive a low temperature plasma ignition method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Igniter is arranged on the appropriate location of firing chamber, and its high-field electrode is connected with low voltage terminal with the high voltage terminal of low-temperature plasma electrical source with low-field electrode, and frequency controller is connected with low-temperature plasma electrical source;
Trigger low-temperature plasma electrical source and frequency controller switch, adjust power supply output parameter, described power supply output parameter comprises voltage, electric current and frequency, and described supply voltage, electric current and a-c cycle are respectively: 0-70kV, 0.1-10A and 10-100kHz;
The controlled discharge frequency of controller of adjusting frequency and the discharge time in each cycle, be respectively the discharge time in described discharge frequency and each cycle: 0.1-200Hz and 0.1-1000ms; Frequency controller is to low-temperature plasma electrical source trigger signal, and power supply discharges, and igniter is by certain frequency discharge igniting.
2. one kind periodically exchanges driving low temperature plasma ignition mechanism, it is characterized in that: comprising: frequency controller, have and can control low-temperature plasma electrical source by certain frequency electric discharge, and can change the size of discharge time, described discharge frequency and discharge time are respectively: 0.1-200Hz and 0.1-1000ms;
Low-temperature plasma electrical source, the high voltage low current can output AC driving, by plasma generator, can produce low temperature plasma, the supply voltage of described low-temperature plasma electrical source, electric current and a-c cycle are respectively: 0-70kV, 0.1-10A and 10-100kHz;
Igniter can produce the ion generator of low temperature plasma in flammable mixed gas.
3. a kind of periodicity according to claim 2 exchanges and drives low temperature plasma ignition mechanism, it is characterized in that described igniter adopts coaxial configuration, needle plate structure or slab construction, discharging gap 2-50mm, gas pressure 0.01-3.0MPa.
4. a kind of periodicity according to claim 2 exchanges and drives low temperature plasma ignition mechanism, it is characterized in that, and described frequency controller and power supply integration design, power parameter and controlled discharge parameter are setting value.
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| CN104879780B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2018-10-19 | 北京大学 | A kind of multichannel heating region ignition burning device |
| CN105201657B (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2017-09-29 | 北京大学 | A kind of low temperature plasma priming supply and ignition system |
| CN108005791B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2023-10-27 | 中国航空发动机研究院 | Low-temperature plasma ignition system of internal combustion wave rotor |
| CN112761820B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-07-29 | 北京动力机械研究所 | Plasma igniter for ramjet engine |
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| CN101622441A (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2010-01-06 | 雷诺股份公司 | The optimum of radio frequency ignition spark produces |
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| JPS56118565A (en) * | 1980-02-26 | 1981-09-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Plasma ignition device for internal combustion engine |
| KR101137692B1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2012-04-25 | 주성엔지니어링(주) | Plasma generation apparatus and plasma ignition method using the same |
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| GB1131042A (en) * | 1965-01-21 | 1968-10-16 | Ass Elect Ind | Improvements in or relating to ignition torches |
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