CN102692364A - Blurring image processing-based dynamic grain measuring device and method - Google Patents
Blurring image processing-based dynamic grain measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102692364A CN102692364A CN2012102084604A CN201210208460A CN102692364A CN 102692364 A CN102692364 A CN 102692364A CN 2012102084604 A CN2012102084604 A CN 2012102084604A CN 201210208460 A CN201210208460 A CN 201210208460A CN 102692364 A CN102692364 A CN 102692364A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blurring image processing-based dynamic grain measuring device and a method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: lighting grains to be measured by adopting a light source or through a visual window, dividing light coming from a camera lens into two paths by a beam splitter prism, imaging by adopting two CCDs (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) image sensors with optical distance unequal to that of two corresponding emergent surfaces of the beam splitter prisms, judging whether the grains are positioned in front or behind a focusing plane according to different optical distances and different obtained grain image blurring extent, and calculating the positions of grains and the distance of the focusing plane according to defocusing amount of grains in one picture, thus determining a three-dimensional position of the grains; and further obtaining the three-dimensional movement speed information of the grains by combining motion blurring parameter of the grains, thus being capable of accurately determining the grain size of the grains. The invention has the benefits of being capable of realizing three-dimensional measurement on dynamic grains only by one camera lens, simplifying a measuring system and the data processing course and lowering the system cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dynamic particle measurement mechanism and method, particularly a kind of device and method that obtains grain diameter size, three-dimensional position and motion velocity information based on blurred picture processing, camera lens of employing.
Background technology
Along with digital camera and development of computer, the particle that adopts digital camera to take in particle or the two-phase flow is used widely with the particle image measuring instrument that obtains relevant information in recent years.For obtaining of dynamic particle three-dimensional position and velocity information, adopt two covers usually or overlap camera system more, be carried out to picture from two or more visual angles.Two covers or overlap more and exist synchronous problem between the camera system, adjustment is difficulty very, data processing complex; And for shooting particle transient images or interference image clearly, require the time shutter extremely short usually, need configuration high-speed photographic apparatus and high energy pulse LASER Light Source etc., system cost is high.And existing one camera moves or the parameter regulation distance-finding method need move forward and backward or regulate camera parameter with camera and same object is clapped got two different photos, can't accurately measure dynamic particle.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of apparatus and method, have device advantage simple, easy and simple to handle, with low cost based on blurred picture processing, use single-lens measurement dynamic particle size, three-dimensional position and movement velocity.
Ultimate principle of the present invention: in image method moving particle measuring process commonly used at present; On the one hand; For preventing that out of focus is fuzzy measurement result is caused interference; The routine measurement method all adopts very thin laser light sheet that the field depth inner region is thrown light on, make illuminated particle can both be on the focal plane of camera blur-free imaging; But from another angle; In fact the out of focus phenomenon of image has comprised the information of particle with the focusing plane distance; Further trace particle is positioned at before or after the focal plane and judges,, then can obtain particle three dimensional local information accurately in conjunction with the planimetric coordinates of two dimensional image.On the other hand, image blurring for fear of causing because of movement of particles, all require the time shutter extremely short; But from another angle, if the proper extension time shutter, at this moment between endocorpuscular athletic meeting form fuzzy movement locus image, this blurring trajectorie image has then comprised the movable information of particle, i.e. velocity field information.
Based on above-mentioned inventive principle; Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind ofly adopt single-lens image method particle measurer; Be characterized in that device is made up of light source, camera lens, Amici prism, first imageing sensor, second imageing sensor and computing machine, said light source is direct or through the form particle to be measured that throws light on; After said Amici prism places camera lens; A branch of incident light is divided into two bundles, and the incident surface A and the camera lens of said Amici prism are relative, and the side of the Amici prism first exit facet B and the second exit facet C is provided with first imageing sensor and second imageing sensor by the distance of aplanatism not respectively.Amici prism can be the Amici prism of semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism, five jiaos of Amici prisms or other form, or can be replaced by 1 semi-transparent semi-reflecting plane beam splitter.
Described camera lens is telecentric mirror head or non-telecentric mirror head, and said first imageing sensor, second imageing sensor are selected CCD or cmos device for use.
Described light source can be lighting sources such as white light source or monochromatic source.
A kind of particle sizing method that adopts the above-mentioned particle measurer of handling based on blurred picture is characterized in that the measuring method step is:
1. at first adopt the transparent calibrated thing to demarcate before measuring, the physical size of pixel representative under the experiment condition of acquisition system to measurement mechanism;
2. adopt light illumination flow field to be measured, regulate the position and the intensity size of light source, make bias light even;
3. after Amici prism places camera lens; Received light source is divided into two-way; And adopt first imageing sensor of CCD or CMOS and second imageing sensor to form images respectively, because two imageing sensors are different with the distance of Amici prism, the fog-level of the particle image that photographs is different;
4. regulate the camera exposure time, reduce particle trajectories in the imageing sensor imaging and overlap the situation with adhesion, and particle to be measured is taken, the image that obtains is imported computing machine;
5. on computers, the image that is obtained carried out denoising after, judge the fuzzy yardstick of image through the image edge graded
δ, and fuzzy yardstick
δWith defocusing amount
Δ WThere is corresponding relation:
In the formula,
R 'Be the fuzzy image radius of out of focus particle,
Δ WFor actual object plane departs from the distance to the focal plane, obtain by camera parameter
WObject distance during for accurate focusing,
δFuzzy image radius for the out of focus particle
R 'With
Blurred picture is the particle radius that calculates of 2 edge gradient maximum amplitudes poor radially;
The blurred picture gradient magnitude can obtain from computes:
（2）
In the formula
F (x, y)It is the coordinate function of particle image pixel;
Because the optical path length of first imageing sensor and the Amici prism first exit facet B is different with the optical path length of second imageing sensor and the Amici prism second exit facet C; The fuzzy yardstick of the particle image that then photographs is different; Can judge that through the above-mentioned optical path length size and the comparison of the fuzzy scale size of particle image particle is positioned at before the focal plane or to behind the focal plane, three-dimensional position that thus can unique definite particle; In the time shutter; When particle when the camera lens optical axis direction has displacement; Can judge along the defocusing amount of direction of motion through the image blur yardstick by said method to change,, obtain particle three-dimensional motion direction and actual motion course length in conjunction with movement of particles blurring trajectorie image on the imaging plane
L, the known camera exposure time
t, can obtain the three-dimensional motion speed of trace particle through following formula
V:
Promptly the processing through blurred picture has obtained three-dimensional flow field information thus.
Only the invention has the beneficial effects as follows and just can realize that with a camera lens three-dimensional information of moving particle obtains; Rather than two or more cameras are taken particle to be measured from different perspectives; Or a camera fast moving is to take particle to be measured; Not only avoided two cover or the synchronous problems of many cover systems, and simplified measuring system and data handling procedure, reduced system cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention 1 synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention 2 synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention 3 synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
A kind of dynamic particle measurement mechanism embodiment 1 that handles based on blurred picture; As shown in Figure 1; Be characterized in; Device is made up of light source 1, camera lens 2, Amici prism 3, first imageing sensor 4, second imageing sensor 5 and computing machine 6, and described light source 1 is directly or through the form particle to be measured that throws light on, after said Amici prism 3 places camera lens 2; The incident surface A of said Amici prism 3 is relative with camera lens 2, first an exit facet B of said Amici prism 3 and the side of the second exit facet C respectively not aplanatism distance first imageing sensor 4 and second imageing sensor 5 are set.
A kind of step of dynamic particle measuring method of the dynamic particle measurement mechanism of handling based on above-mentioned blurred picture is:
1. at first measurement mechanism is demarcated before measuring; As measuring object, obtain the physical size of first imageing sensor 4 and second imageing sensor, 5 unit picture element representatives under the measuring system experiment condition with transparent calibrated thing such as little scale;
2. adopt light source 1 illumination flow field to be measured, regulate the position and the intensity size of light source 1, make bias light even;
3. after Amici prism 3 places camera lens 2; Amici prism 3 is divided into two-way with received light source; And respectively by first imageing sensor 4 that adopts CCD or CMOS and 5 imagings of second imageing sensor; Because these two imageing sensors are different with the light path of lens 2, the fuzzy yardstick of the particle image that photographs is different;
4. regulate the camera exposure time, reduce particle trajectories in the imageing sensor imaging and overlap the situation with adhesion, and particle to be measured is taken, the image that obtains is imported computing machine;
5. on computing machine 6, the image that is obtained carried out denoising after, judge the fuzzy yardstick of image through the image edge graded
δ, and fuzzy yardstick
δWith defocusing amount
Δ WThere is corresponding relation:
In the formula,
R 'Be the fuzzy image radius of out of focus particle,
Δ WFor actual object plane departs from the distance to the focal plane, obtain by camera parameter
WObject distance during for accurate focusing,
δFuzzy image radius for the out of focus particle
R 'With
Blurred picture is the particle radius that calculates of 2 edge gradient maximum amplitudes poor radially;
The blurred picture gradient magnitude can obtain from computes:
In the formula
F (x, y)It is the coordinate function of particle image pixel;
Because first imageing sensor 4 is different with the optical path length of Amici prism 3 second exit facet C with second imageing sensor 5 with the optical path length of Amici prism 3 first exit facet B; The fuzzy yardstick of the particle image that then photographs is different; Can judge that through the above-mentioned optical path length size and the comparison of the fuzzy scale size of particle image particle is positioned at before the focal plane or to behind the focal plane, three-dimensional position that thus can unique definite particle.In the time shutter; When particle when the camera lens optical axis direction has displacement; Can judge along the defocusing amount of direction of motion through the image blur yardstick by said method to change,, obtain particle three-dimensional motion direction and actual motion course length in conjunction with movement of particles blurring trajectorie image on the imaging plane
L, the known camera exposure time
t, can obtain the three-dimensional motion speed of particle through following formula
V:
(3)
Promptly the processing through blurred picture has obtained three-dimensional flow field information thus.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 2, camera lens (2) adopts telecentric mirror head (7), and in the field depth of telecentric mirror head, the object image size does not change with the variation of position, can obtain the size of particle like this.Measuring process is identical with embodiment 1 operating process.
Embodiment 3:
Shown in Fig. 3, also can the Amici prism among the embodiment 1 (3) be replaced with plane beam splitter (8), this plane beam splitter (8) is that the plating spectro-film constitutes on the optics plain film.Measuring process is identical with embodiment 1 operating process.
First imageing sensor, second imageing sensor are all selected CCD or cmos device for use among above-mentioned three embodiment.
Claims (4)
1. dynamic particle measurement mechanism of handling based on blurred picture; It is characterized in that; Device is made up of light source (1), camera lens (2), Amici prism (3), first imageing sensor (4), second imageing sensor (5) and computing machine (6); Described light source (1) is directly or through the form particle to be measured that throws light on; After said Amici prism (3) placed camera lens (2), the incident surface A of said Amici prism (3) and camera lens (2) were relative, first an exit facet B of said Amici prism (3) and the side of the second exit facet C respectively not the aplanatism distance first imageing sensor (4) and second imageing sensor (5) are set.
2. a kind of dynamic particle measurement mechanism of handling based on blurred picture according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described camera lens (2) is telecentric mirror head or non-telecentric mirror head, and said first imageing sensor (4), second imageing sensor (5) are selected CCD or cmos device for use.
3. a kind of dynamic particle measurement mechanism of handling based on blurred picture according to claim 1 is characterized in that described Amici prism (3) can be replaced by spectroscope (8).
4. particle sizing method that adopts claim 1,2, the 3 described dynamic particle measurement mechanisms of handling based on blurred picture is characterized in that the measuring method step is:
1) at first adopt the transparent calibrated thing to demarcate before the measurement, the physical size of pixel representative under the experiment condition of acquisition system to measurement mechanism;
2) adopt light illumination flow field to be measured, the position and the intensity size of regulating light source make bias light even;
3) after Amici prism places camera lens; Received light source is divided into two-way; And adopt first imageing sensor of CCD or CMOS and second imageing sensor to form images respectively, because two imageing sensors are different with the distance of Amici prism, the fog-level of the particle image that photographs is different;
4) regulate the camera exposure time, reduce particle trajectories in the imageing sensor imaging and overlap the situation with adhesion, and particle to be measured is taken, the image that obtains is imported computing machine;
5) on computing machine (6), the image that is obtained carried out denoising after, judge the fuzzy yardstick of image through the image edge graded
δ, and fuzzy yardstick
δWith defocusing amount
Δ WThere is corresponding relation:
In the formula,
R 'Be the fuzzy image radius of out of focus particle,
Δ WFor actual object plane departs from the distance to the focal plane, obtain by camera parameter
WObject distance during for accurate focusing,
δFuzzy image radius for the out of focus particle
R 'With
Blurred picture is the particle radius that calculates of 2 edge gradient maximum amplitudes poor radially;
The blurred picture gradient magnitude can obtain from computes:
In the formula
F (x, y)It is the coordinate function of particle image pixel;
Because first imageing sensor (4) is different with the optical path length of Amici prism (3) second exit facet C with optical path length and second imageing sensor (5) of Amici prism (3) first exit facet B; The fuzzy yardstick of the particle image that then photographs is different; Can judge that through the above-mentioned optical path length size and the comparison of the fuzzy scale size of particle image particle is positioned at before the focal plane or to behind the focal plane, three-dimensional position that thus can unique definite particle; In the time shutter; When particle when the camera lens optical axis direction has displacement; Can judge along the defocusing amount of direction of motion through the image blur yardstick by said method to change,, obtain particle three-dimensional motion direction and actual motion course length in conjunction with movement of particles blurring trajectorie image on the imaging plane
L, the known camera exposure time
t, can obtain the three-dimensional motion speed of trace particle through following formula
V:
Promptly the processing through blurred picture has obtained three-dimensional flow field information thus.
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| CN103226088A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-07-31 | 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司 | Particulate counting method and device thereof |
| CN105403170A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-16 | 华侨大学 | Microscopic 3D morphology measurement method and apparatus |
| CN105424558A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-03-23 | 上海理工大学 | Combustion particle multi-parameter measurement device and method adopting blue-ray back lighting |
| CN105651661A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-08 | 上海理工大学 | Online measuring device and method of concentration and granularity of emitted soot |
| CN107356200A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-17 | 浙江大学 | Slag measuring method and system in pulverized-coal fired boiler stove based on clinker track |
| JP2019501411A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2019-01-17 | クオリティー ヴィジョン インターナショナル インコーポレイテッドＱｕａｌｉｔｙ Ｖｉｓｉｏｎ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ， Ｉｎｃ． | Focusing system for telecentric optical measuring machine |
| CN110446035A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-12 | 深圳飞马机器人科技有限公司 | A kind of camera dynamic shoots the test macro of fuzziness |
| CN110850109A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-28 | 中科智云科技有限公司 | Method for measuring vehicle speed based on fuzzy image |
| CN111289408A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-16 | 天津大学 | Device and method for identifying particle distribution in Hell-Shore sheet by aid of laser |
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| CN103226088A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-07-31 | 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司 | Particulate counting method and device thereof |
| CN105424558B (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2018-05-22 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of burning particles multiparameter measuring device and method using blue light back lighting |
| CN105424558A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-03-23 | 上海理工大学 | Combustion particle multi-parameter measurement device and method adopting blue-ray back lighting |
| JP2019501411A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2019-01-17 | クオリティー ヴィジョン インターナショナル インコーポレイテッドＱｕａｌｉｔｙ Ｖｉｓｉｏｎ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ， Ｉｎｃ． | Focusing system for telecentric optical measuring machine |
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| CN105651661A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-08 | 上海理工大学 | Online measuring device and method of concentration and granularity of emitted soot |
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| CN111323360A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-23 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Image acquisition equipment and detection device for particles in liquid |
| CN110446035A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-12 | 深圳飞马机器人科技有限公司 | A kind of camera dynamic shoots the test macro of fuzziness |
| CN110850109A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-28 | 中科智云科技有限公司 | Method for measuring vehicle speed based on fuzzy image |
| CN111289408A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-16 | 天津大学 | Device and method for identifying particle distribution in Hell-Shore sheet by aid of laser |
| CN111457836A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-28 | 中山易美杰智能科技有限公司 | Structure of instant surface three-dimensional camera |
| CN112577859A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-30 | 苏州海狸生物医学工程有限公司 | Experimental device and method for measuring basic physical parameters of magnetic microspheres |
| CN113351354A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-07 | 江苏邦鼎科技有限公司 | Crushing method and system based on movement locus of material particles |
| CN113351354B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-02-08 | 江苏邦鼎科技有限公司 | Crushing method and system based on movement locus of material particles |
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