CN102687309A

CN102687309A - Energy control

Info

Publication number: CN102687309A
Application number: CN2010800566014A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A·F·阿特金斯; 乔纳森·查尔斯·威尔斯; S·蒂莫西·D·谢佛德; J·J·多尔比; B·G·科珀; 约翰·斯托克斯
Original assignee: Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd
Current assignee: Ricardo UK Ltd; Ricardo PLC
Priority date: 2009-10-20
Filing date: 2010-10-20
Publication date: 2012-09-19
Also published as: US20130042617A1; EP2491606A1; WO2011048141A1; KR20120107468A

Abstract

An energy storage apparatus is provided comprising a flywheel (12) having at least one input. According to an aspect, the flywheel input is arranged, in use, to supply energy to the flywheel, wherein that energy has been recovered from engine exhaust gas. According to another aspect, an apparatus is provided comprising a charge boosting device arranged, in use, to provide inlet pressure boost to an engine. The apparatus further comprises a flywheel wherein said flywheel is arranged to supply energy to drive operation of the charge boosting device.

Description

Energy control

Technical field

The application relates to energy control.Especially, the application relates to and uses flywheel to carry out supply, storage and the recovery of energy.

Background technology

The conservation of energy and energy be best to be used is to make and problem that operation modern vehicle and machine are mainly considered.The user is for efficient and to obtain the demand of maximum possible output with minimum possible cost increasingly high.Consideration aspect cost/output balance comprises financial considerations and environmental factor.In addition, people need improve the power and the speed of vehicle and machine, and comfortable and user-friendly sensation need be provided simultaneously.Further, engine, engine and other equipment are tending towards becoming more compact and streamlined.

There have a lot of known methods to handle to be discussed above level and smooth.For example, along with increasing for the user's request of environmental friendliness vehicle and more and more stricter in the regulation aspect the carbon emission, motor vehicle driven by mixed power becomes and becomes more and more popular.As well known to a person skilled in the art that motor vehicle driven by mixed power uses the combination in two or more different dynamic source to come powered vehicle or other power machines.In field of motor vehicles, modal mixing is hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and it combines internal combustion engine (ICE) with one or more motor.Depend on the power demand of any given time, can adopt one or two the output in ICE and the motor that power is provided to vehicle.Together with motor, the chemical energy storage system is provided, therefore during not using motor to come power to be provided as vehicle output, its can be operating as generator with in the chemical energy storage system, produce and stored charge for using afterwards.Known chemical energy storage system can be made up of the chemical unit of single type, perhaps can comprise the combination in any with unit that the different chemical formula representes.All such chemical energy storage systems are refered in particular at this paper and are chemistry " battery ".

Have problems in the known hybrid system; This is because by for example using the regenerative braking of link and high cycle frequency that reclaims the hybrid battery system charging level that is caused and the high power flux that is associated with these operations to quicken the deterioration of battery condition at typical vehicle, limited lifetime of system thus.Therefore, the battery of conventional hybrid dynamical system is restricted usually.Typically, at the life period of known hybrid electric vehicle, chemical cell possibly have to change twice.Further, the battery circulation possibly be protected the restriction of control system, and this protection control system is controlled power distribution in the hybrid system and/or charging.The effect of this protection restriction is the CO that weakens corresponding hybrid system ₂Reduce discharging effect.

Be used for optimizing the energy supply and be the use of turbocharger and booster from another known method that the chemical energy of being stored converts torque (being the motor vehicles of power with ICE particularly) into.Will know that like those skilled in the art turbocharger reclaims exhaust energy with Driven Compressor and increase the import the blowing pressure and give engine.Booster equipment uses the engine torque transmitted to come Driven Compressor, to improve the import the blowing pressure.Yet in reality was utilized, these two kinds of equipment all had the shortcoming that is associated.Only when driving booster system, just can operate enough extraction flows having as the turbocharger of passive equipment.By contrast, booster is an active devices, because its crank gearing normally, and therefore receive these performance constraints unlike the turbocharger that kind.Yet booster has been introduced the parasitic drain of engine energy really, thus, from reducing the fuel consumption aspect, has reduced its overall efficacy.

As the target of vehicle applications, an aspect of users'comfort and impression is " torque interruption " sensation that is caused by the speed change incident on the auto-manual transmission vehicle.This transmission types is very efficient simultaneously, and this torque during the speed change interrupts feeling to comprise user's gearshift comfort level and cornering ability.According to known method, at the gearshift intercourse of auto-manual transmission, motor can be used to satisfy torque request, to improve user's driving smoothness.Yet,, in vehicle, need extra energy supply, and further, in the power conversion stage between electric energy and kinetic energy, energy loss is inevitable in order power to be provided to such motor.The torque that double clutch and automatic transmission have limited during the speed change is interrupted, yet owing in the loss that when drive system provides power, is associated, compare with auto-manual transmission, these transmission types are comparatively expensive and/or efficient is lower in essence.

As discussed above, for the cost and the output of balancing vehicle or machine best, expectation utilizes available energy as much as possible, and stops energy for example to dissipate as heat energy.

Flywheel is well-known because of coming stored energy with the kinetic energy form, for example is used for vehicle and uses.It is known utilizing flywheel to come stored energy, and these energy originally are converted into the heat in the motor vehicle braking system when vehicle deceleration, and the energy of being stored is used to quicken when needed this vehicle subsequently.Yet there is such problem in the implementation of known flywheel: how at initial phase with at its low-yield some place, be the flywheel charging.Might use motor flywheel charging system.Yet, should be understood that this is not desirable settling mode, because it has introduced the additional energy demand on the electric energy storage system in the vehicle, but can not reduce exhaust energy loss simultaneously from vehicle.

Therefore, currently need use the apparatus and method be optimized, not damage key factor simultaneously, such as comfort level, cost efficiency and environment friendly as far as the user to the energy in vehicle and the other machines.

The application lists in claims.

Because, a kind of energy storing device is provided according to an aspect; It comprises flywheel; Wherein, said flywheel is arranged has the energy that has reclaimed from the engine exhaust that is input to it, thereby realizes a kind of effective and self-contained storage and recuperated energy method.That is to say that energy storing device utilizes the energy in Already in conventional engine, vehicle or the machine, and the extra energy need be provided.

Through providing waste gas to reclaim, waste gas can fast and effeciently be guided to flywheel so that store from the engine output.Advantageously, tesla's turbine (Tesla turbine) or turbocharger can be used for the waste gas recovery.Many conventional truck have comprised turbocharger, make according to the energy storing device needs of this aspect engine configuration to be made minimum layout again to achieve the goal.

Through in the exhaust path between waste gas recovery and flywheel clutch being provided, the method that the waste gas that is input to flywheel is controlled is provided.In addition, through flywheel is provided in the vacuum plant, flywheel can not move under situation about not hindered by the frictional force that air drag caused, this device and then obtained optimization.

Because flywheel can mechanically be linked to variable rate system and/or be couple to the energy output of engine, so flywheel can drive so that hybrid vehicle for example to be provided as the energy that combines with engine.In addition, through flywheel is arranged,, thereby make the efficiency benefit of flywheel be optimized so that flywheel can be operating as the mechanical battery of other equipment that are used for engine, vehicle, machine or device.That is to say that flywheel need to be not limited to periodicity to its simple function that uses, but; During operation; Use flywheel that can be more frequent, so as energy be available and/or engine, vehicle or machine in when needing energy, reclaim and/or supplying energy.

Because; According on the other hand, a kind of device is provided, it comprises that boost equipment and flywheel of inflation provides energy; To drive this inflation operation of equipment of boosting, therefore provide a kind of high energy efficiency, effectively and simply increase the method for the inlet pressure in the engine.This device is flexibly and has several kinds of different application, comprises and uses known booster and/or use known turbocharger to operate.

Through the input supplying energy is provided to flywheel, flywheel can initial charge and is full of electricity, therefore in engine, boosts a kind of reliable and lasting mechanical battery is provided for driving inflation.Because flywheel can be by (for example, the power drive system power of the existing energy in engine, vehicle or the machine; The engine exhaust energy, accessory machinery, chemical cell or motor) drive; Thereby the efficiency that strengthens is provided, and this is because do not need the extra energy to move this device.This characteristic has further advantage, and this advantage is, this device only need be made quite simply known automotive engine system and revising, and just can make these known engines realizations that wherein energy is carried out intelligently huge profit and storage.

Because, can be placed in the turbocharger waste gas ring according to the flywheel of this aspect, therefore a kind of self and self-contained energy recuperation and storage means are provided.In addition, because flywheel can perhaps as the additional energy that combines with engine, be considered the flywheel size that is used for application-specific as unique energy of inflating the equipment that boosts, flexibility is provided.In addition, extra selection about the flywheel controlling schemes is provided.Flywheel can be operated separately or combine with engine and operate, and driving the inflation equipment that boosts, thereby makes the boost pressure in the engine be able to optimize, and therefore strengthens engine output and whole efficiency.

Description of drawings

To combine accompanying drawing to describe embodiment below according to the application, wherein:

Embodiment according to this device will describe with reference to following accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 shows known flywheel and arranges;

Fig. 2 shows the possible configuration that is used for providing to flywheel exhaust energy;

Fig. 3 shows the relation between boosting of conventional turbine booster equipment and the engine load;

Fig. 4 shows the possible layout of the chemical cell dual mode operation parallelly connected with flying wheel battery;

Fig. 5 shows the exemplary control flows of the layout of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 a shows during load balancing or regenerative braking, the energy of the layout of Fig. 4 stream;

Fig. 6 b shows during the power from the motor to ICE is auxiliary, the energy of the layout of Fig. 4 stream;

Fig. 6 c shows between the plug-in type charge period, the energy of the layout of Fig. 4 stream;

Fig. 6 d shows during charging battery is kept, the energy stream of the layout of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 e shows at low-power flywheel power and keeps and heavy-duty motor operating period, the energy stream of the layout of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 a show car speed and the chemical cell charged state of the chemical cell that in motor vehicle driven by mixed power, uses separately between relation;

Fig. 7 b shows the relation between the chemical cell charged state in the layout of car speed and Fig. 4;

Fig. 8 a shows the possible engine configuration that flywheel torque is filled;

Fig. 8 b shows another similar configuration that flywheel torque is filled;

Fig. 8 c shows the another similar configuration that flywheel torque is filled;

Fig. 8 d shows the possible controlling schemes that flywheel torque is filled;

Fig. 9 a shows the possible configuration of the secondary flywheel equipment that is coupled to ICE;

Fig. 9 b shows the possible configuration of using splitpath IVT secondary flywheel equipment layout, that be coupled to ICE;

Figure 10 a shows the layout that flywheel equipment wherein is coupled to the ICE upper reaches of main vehicular clutch and speed changer;

Figure 10 b shows flywheel equipment wherein is coupled to ICE at the speed changer input end layout;

Figure 10 c shows flywheel wherein is couple to ICE at the speed changer output layout; And

Figure 10 d shows wherein, and flywheel is coupled to the layout of axle system afterwards.

General introduction

Generally, according to an aspect, provide a kind of and be used at the device of flywheel with kinetic energy stored in form energy.Said device is included at least one input of flywheel, and wherein, the energy that said input will reclaim from engine exhaust guides to flywheel.Therefore, the energy that when waste gas is released in the air, dissipates usually is recovered and is stored in the flywheel for using in the future.Therefore, flywheel is arranged to serve as mechanical battery, and this mechanical battery was charged by engine exhaust in initial and operating period.

Suitable waste gas recovering device arbitrarily can be provided, so that waste gas is guided to flywheel from the engine output point.For example, can use tesla's turbine and turbocharger.Preferably, between waste gas recovery and flywheel, clutch is provided, is input to the energy of flywheel with control.Flywheel and/or clutch can be mechanically connected to variable rate system, and from variable rate system, mechanically are coupled to the energy output of engine.Because flywheel serves as mechanical battery,, realize the mixing control of other devices of any appropriate combination of vehicle or engine and/or flywheel thus, to satisfy the energy output requirement of any given time so flywheel can provide energy to the mechanical couplings point.

The engine that flywheel is not limited to its supply waste gas serves as mechanical battery, but can to other equipment energy be provided extraly or selectively, includes but not limited to booster, turbocharger, chemical cell and motor.Can suitably control flywheel and the energy recuperation that is associated and supply equipment, always can charge to flywheel with the mode of optimum guaranteeing, and when the needs energy, flywheel can be with mode supplying energy efficiently and fast.

Therefore, a kind of method of arranging and being associated and controlling schemes are provided, it recognizes the existing energy that uses in engine, vehicle or the device, stores these energy for this possibility of energy of using in the future and storing at optimal time reuse thereafter.Related equipment is that machinery can obtain and depend on that user's needs or other restrictive conditions can arrange through any appropriate configurations simply, at any time.

Generally, according on the other hand, a kind of device, method and controlling schemes are provided so that use flywheel that energy is provided, and therefore the operation of equipment of boosting is inflated in driving.The inflation equipment of boosting by the flywheel energy drives can be the booster or the turbocharger of arbitrarily suitable known type.Because serving as, flywheel can not consider that instantaneous engine speed or power drive the equipment that boosts of inflating with the mechanical battery of kinetic energy form longer-term storage energy.In addition, because flywheel is self-contained energy storage, use flywheel to come to provide energy can not cause from engine or other local power parasitic drains to the inflation equipment of boosting.

During operation, can use any suitable energy flywheel to be charged in incipient stage and other times.Preferably, flywheel is to use that in engine, vehicle or the machine that flywheel is placed in one available energy drives, but in these systems, these available energy are dissipated usually and do not reuse.For example, flywheel can and/or use the power from vehicle driveline or PWTN to drive by the engine exhaust energy.According to an embodiment, therefore flywheel even can be driven by the waste gate exhaust gas discharged energy from turbocharger produces closed loop energy storage and recovery system voluntarily.

Can implement flywheel and inflate the equipment that boosts, rather than use conventional apparatus to move such equipment with operation, for example, engine power or exhaust energy, perhaps flywheel can be used as supplementary energy, thereby produces hybrid energy system.

Can carry out suitable control to flywheel, so that according to transient conditions, air quality and the pressure requirement of engine, at any given time, an amount of energy is provided for the inflation equipment that boosts.Therefore, flywheel strengthens the inflation operation of equipment of boosting, and makes the inflation operation of equipment of boosting convenient more, yet so that in the scope of engine load, realizes best boosting with the mode of simple intelligent and high-efficiency.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows typical existing flywheel and arranges.Circular substantially central metal cradle portion 1 can axially be installed on the center bearing bracket (for example, axle 3).At least one complex loop 2 is installed in the center bearing bracket portion 1.In flywheel shown in Figure 1, complex loop 2 is to twine from the carbon fiber fiber.Will know like those skilled in the art, and as discussed above, and flywheel equipment shown in Fig. 1 can be stored kinetic energy as mechanical battery, for for example in motor vehicles, using.

The exhaust flywheel

Fig. 2 shows that the flywheel that is used for to vehicle provides energy so that possibly arranging of storing.For through eliminating the operation by air drag caused friction optimization flywheel 12, system 10 comprises and preferably is arranged in flywheel 12 in the vacuum plant 14.In vacuum plant 14 outsides, what be connected with flywheel 12 is clutch 16.The clutch 16 that is adopted can be the simple clutch of any suitable type, or even electromagnetic clutch.

For energy and initial driving flywheel 12 are provided to flywheel 12, and/or in the flying wheel battery system, be full of electricity, input 18 offers flywheel 12 via clutch 16.This input guides to flywheel 12 with exhaust energy from the internal combustion engine of vehicle that fly wheel system 10 is provided, and makes exhaust energy be stored in the flywheel 12.This layout also comprises the suitable output 20 that is used for waste gas, and the supply of the exhaust energy that obtains flywheel 12 can be handled and control.

Should be understood that the major part of the waste gas that in vehicle, is produced is released in the air usually.From vehicle, discharge waste gas, rather than reuse waste gas, this has wasted the energy in the waste gas.Therefore, vehicle must be worked so that produce more utilisable energy within it, therefore causes the further toxic emission from vehicle, produces potential environmental problem thus.Comparatively speaking, present embodiment utilizes the energy of waste gas and allows the energy of waste gas is stored, for using in the future.

Can be provided for reclaiming exhaust energy and with directly the lead any suitable equipment of flywheel 12 of exhaust energy.For example, can adopt tesla's turbine equipment (not shown) with waste gas with being used as power agency and reclaim exhaust energy from it.

As well known to a person skilled in the art that tesla's turbine (perhaps disc turbine) upward and through packing ring or other appropriate device is formed along two or more disk elements that this axially separates each other by being fixed on axle.In use, gas stream in tesla's turbine or flow of liquid are radial, with annular or spirality path operation.In the present embodiment, go to the axially spaced-apart of the disk that the exhaust flow of clutch 16 and flywheel 12 can be through changing tesla's turbine and control, to increase or to reduce the gas volume that time per unit passed wherein and be input to clutch 16.

In layout shown in Figure 2, there is not tesla's turbine.Alternatively, waste gas is to be directed to clutch 16 and flywheel 12 via variable turbine geometry booster (VGT) (17).VGT and other turbocharger apparatus be widely used in from vehicle reclaim waste gas and utilize its in the engine porch adherence pressure.Yet because the character of the direct driving of turbocharger, the energy from the waste gas that offers it can not utilized or store to turbocharger.According to present embodiment; As to engine substituting through the common function of the air of supercharging being provided to carrying out it; Perhaps provide through the common function of the air of supercharging to engine except carrying out it; Can advantageously adopt VGT, utilizing excessive exhaust energy, thereby make energy wherein can be stored for using in the future via flywheel 12.

As shown in Figure 2, between flywheel 12 and variable rate system 22, clutch 16 is provided.As hereinafter further discuss, variable rate system can comprise gear arrangement, such as continuous variable transmission (CVT) or unlimited variable transmission (IVT) or suitable electric machine.Variable rate system 22 among Fig. 2 is led to the power drive system of vehicle, so that flywheel gear 12 mechanically is coupled to the internal combustion engine (ICE) of vehicle, thereby the mechanical mixture drive system is provided.Yet; As substituting perhaps in addition, flywheel 12 can be used to comprise other purposes, comprises direct driving, is other battery types chargings; And/or power is provided for the vehicle output except power drive system, still be arranged to charge simultaneously by the exhaust flow of vehicle.

In the layout as shown in Figure 2, clutch should can be used in synchronous flywheel (12) input and Turbo-element.Therefore, it should participate in sliding mode and a spot of energy that therefore dissipates.

Low inertia dry type single-deck of lightweight or cone clutch can be used as direct solution.More compact solutions comprise dynamo-electric powder coupling; Dynamo-electric powder coupling is used for a/c compressor and booster; But have quite low velocity interval usually or embrace spring clutch equipment; Embrace spring clutch equipment (it is a unidirectional device) and will be merely flywheel distortion is provided, when being in non-" boosting " state, prevent any drag losses of turbine with convenient engine.

When by variable rate system (22) synchronously the time; Turbine will be rotated with flywheel speed, and therefore the variable inlet geometry can be used for optimizing turbine efficiency based on service conditions (comprising flywheel speed, exhaust quality flow rate and exhaust branch pipe pressure).

Therefore and a kind of mechanism is provided, so that reclaim internal combustion engine waste gas energy and internal combustion engine waste gas energy is stored for using in the future.In order to initiate charging or it to be full of; According to the flywheel 12 of the present embodiment any additional energy source of needs such as motor not; But alternatively,, the continuous auxiliary charging of fly wheel system is provided through being utilized in the existing exhaust energy that slatterns in the conventional truck system.Different with turbocharger, the flywheel performance does not receive the restriction of turbo.Further, the energy in the flywheel 12 does not need to use immediately, but can store so that be used in the future the various application of vehicle, like what will be appreciated that in the further description according to hereinafter.Yet, wherein have the exhaust flow of kinetic energy because the mechanism shown in Fig. 2 is used, and this kinetic energy be provided, therefore owing to the caused loss of conversion between the kind of energy is minimized so that also be stored in the flywheel as kinetic energy.

The turbocharging of flywheel auxiliary type

According to an embodiment of above-mentioned aspect, flywheel 12 can be positioned in the waste gas knocker (wastegate loop) of turbocharger.Like what those skilled in the art were familiar with, turbocharger is a kind of passive equipment that is placed in vehicle or the engine efflux, its objective is the exhaust energy compressor that leads, to increase pressure wherein.Yet, if excessive mass flow is arranged, will produce back pressure (back pressure) so through turbine self, the exhaust branch pipe pressure that this back pressure has increased engine surpasses optimum level, makes engine efficiency reduce thus.For fear of this point, turbocharger has waste gate, so that discharge excess air from it, therefore on different system works points, helps to optimize engine and boosts and exhaust branch pipe pressure.

In conventional arrangements, the energy from the waste gas that turbocharger wastegate discharges is not utilized, but along with being lost from vehicular discharge waste gas.According to this aspect, solved the waste problem of exhaust energy.Energy in the excess exhaust gas of the waste gate of turbocharger discharging is directed to flywheel, so that to it input is provided.Immediately or after a while, flywheel 12 can be used for the compressor of auxiliary drive turbine booster.Therefore, use turbocharger and flywheel 12 through combination, exhaust energy is obtained and is utilized the operation with hydraulic booster intelligently.This makes that the work of booster is more effective, as accessible according to Fig. 3 institute.

Referring to Fig. 3, it shows the relation of boosting-load of traditional booster.Can find out that turbocharger only produces to the best ideal of the internal combustion engine that is associated and boosts in less engine load range.Yet, use flywheel 12 to drive the compressor of turbocharger, and combine turbocharger turbine, in bigger load range, being optimized, and therefore make curve shown in Figure 3 become smooth to boosting.Thus, realize the turbocharger efficiency of improvement.

The supercharging of flywheel auxiliary type

Except operating, can use according to the flywheel of present embodiment booster equipment with powered vehicle with turbocharger is used.As preceding text simple the discussion, known supercharging equipment comes work through using engine power, with the compressor that drives booster and promote the blowing pressure in the vehicle.This direct use of engine power causes parasitic drain, so the potential efficient of the vehicle in the infringement work.

According to this aspect; Have realized that; Flywheel equipment can be used to drive inflation such as booster the equipment that boosts, so that under not needing directly from engine, to obtain the situation of power, promote the engine the blowing pressure, thereby avoids the parasitic drain that is associated with booster usually.As discussed above, can use exhaust energy to come flywheel is charged.Perhaps, can be from the power drive system recuperated energy (for example, during regenerative braking or engine load balancing) of vehicle, and be stored in the secondary flywheel equipment to be used to drive booster.Through any suitable mechanical linkage such as speed changer, can be from PWTN recuperated energy, also discussed at preceding text.

In operation, booster is coupled to the power drive system of vehicle.Flywheel serves as the torque supply of booster, and the energy that therefore allows to be stored in the flywheel offers power drive system indirectly via ICE.The mechanical linkage of using between flywheel and the booster can comprise the clutch of being discussed about exhaust gas drive flywheel aspect like preceding text.Alternatively, can use overrunning cluth, when needs quicken, on traditional sense, directly use the turbine energy to come Driven Compressor, and in flywheel energy (promptly low engine speed) time of only dallying at turbine, use.This needs freewheel clutch (overrun clutch), and freewheel clutch only drives in one direction, for example embraces spring clutch.This is effective especially for electromagnetism flywheel configuration, and in the configuration of electromagnetism flywheel, speed need not mated, subsequently, when turbine when high engine speed descended to boost, flywheel charges from turbine via electrical path.Flywheel also comes Driven Compressor via electrical path with low engine speed.

Because according to this aspect, flywheel is to use power drive system energy and/or waste gas to charge, the energy of originally in legacy system, wasting is utilized.Through utilizing the energy of waste originally, the overall performance of vehicle is improved.Especially, the benefit on the performance is being provided aspect fuel consumption and the vehicular discharge.

Secondary flywheel equipment according to this aspect can perhaps can have the expansion of the booster energy with opposing now as unique energy of booster.For example, it can provide power ascension to booster under low engine speed, and in this, using direct engine power is not to be preferred.Therefore; Because flywheel can be operated to strengthen the power supply to booster; Booster can provide desirable inlet pressure and mass flow in ICE, and does not consider the work engine speed of vehicle, and consistent with any mass flow that is provided by turbine system (if existence) at that time.In other words, the booster that drives of flywheel can provide best charging to boost in the arbitrfary point of the engine work sheet of vehicle.This is for having superiority for the driver behavior leaving especially, and these driver behaviors have benefited from instantaneous short-term energy surge (surge) lower when the engine exhaust mass flow and when power is also lower (particularly in the high pressure charging engine).

Another advantage of the booster that flywheel drives is that its permission is carried out miniaturization to engine, and this is because the engine power density during the low exhaust mass flow incident (for example, preceding text are described leaves) is enhanced.The reducing of size makes frictional force and pumping loss be able to reduce, and improved its efficient thus.Can be contemplated that be controlled to be on one's own initiative through the mass flow that under all conditions, will get into engine cylinder best, with in addition the engine that do not carry out miniaturization Comparatively speaking, the booster that flywheel drives can cause reducing the fuel consumption up to 30%.Therefore engine is carried out miniaturization will strengthen this potential fuel consumption advantage, and also satisfied from as far as possible little, compact and cheaply ICE realize a kind of so growing propensity to consume of maximum performance.

The advantage of the booster that the described flywheel of preceding text drives is particularly outstanding in diesel motor, for diesel motor, with gasoline engine Comparatively speaking, in chamber (chamber), have the more air mass that needs compression and expand usually.As it will be understood to those of skill in the art that, for different engine and engine type, desirable inlet pressure is different, and for example, desirable inlet pressure can draw from the design load figure of such vehicle.

The bimodulus battery

Fig. 4 shows the possible layout according to another flywheel of the application's further aspect.Show the configuration of mechanical flywheel energy storage and the parallelly connected use of plug-in type chemical cell system.The mechanical battery 40 that comprises flywheel can be used for for example handling the regenerating braking energy recovery, to carry out substituting of this function as use chemical cell 42.As discussed above, typical vehicle uses the regenerative braking during the link need to tend to high power and the high frequency circulation to the battery system charging level of motor vehicle driven by mixed power or machine with reclaiming.This high frequency circulation has significant negative influence to chemical cell, has damaged the life-span of the healthy of chemical cell and restriction whole system.

According to the exemplary embodiment of this aspect, mechanical flywheel battery 40 and chemical cell 42 parallel operations, to power electronic 44 feeds of motor 46, the hybrid power transmission system that motor 46 is arranged as to vehicle conversely provides power.

Layout shown in Figure 4 is not limited to use the main battery of flywheel as regenerative braking.Flying wheel battery 40 is advantageously used for the main battery of arbitrarily quick or short-term energy supply and/or the recovery of vehicle between the operating period, and chemical cell 42 is more suitable in low charge rate, promptly slower, long-term energy supply and recovery.The extra accompanying drawing of discussing from hereinafter will be understood that, should the basis consideration identical with any other battery arrangement arrange and operate with mechanical battery 40 according to the parallelly connected chemical cell 42 of this aspect.That is to say, must separately and take all factors into consideration two kinds of battery utilisable energies, power and life-spans.Should be noted in the discussion above that Fig. 4 shows wherein the embodiment that two kinds of battery parallel connections are arranged simultaneously, but these two kinds of batteries also can arranged in tandem, wherein, mechanical flywheel battery 40 is between the speed changer of chemical cell 42 and engine.

Through common use mechanical flywheel battery 40 and chemical cell 42; Might reduce the whole cost of the battery supply of motor; This is because do not have mechanical battery backed situation to compare with only using chemical cell; For given power demand, need less chemical cell to use with mechanical battery.Perhaps, the peak power requirements through reducing cycle frequency and/or the chemical cell peak power of chemical cell (or offer) increases the life-span of existing battery, thereby reduces the life-span cost of electric power system.

Referring to Fig. 5, be appreciated that exemplary controlling schemes.At first step 510 places, in particular moment, consideration of power is chemistry and the mechanical battery system that gets into or flow out combination, goes out as shown in Figure 4.If according to vehicle user demand and operating condition at that time, power is to flow out 512 battery systems to motor 46 power to be provided, and so subsequently at step 514 place, considers the charged state of flying wheel battery.If find that the charged state of flying wheel battery is high by 516, will from flying wheel battery 40, use energy to come power to be provided so to motor 46.If on the other hand, the charged state of flying wheel battery alternatively, will be used the energy from chemical cell 42 for low by 518.If like the situation of frequent appearance, in the time need exporting from the power of battery system, the charged state of flying wheel battery is medium, will consider that so desired power is a height or low at that time at step 522 place.If desired power is high, will from flying wheel battery, take the energy 524 that satisfies the demands away so.Yet if desired power is low, after this make does not need to recharge significantly circulation, will from chemical cell, take the energy 526 that satisfies the power demand energy away so.

Turn back to controlled step 510; If confirm that at step 528 place power will get into battery system; What so next will consider is that this input power is under low circulating power, (for example to take place; During plug-in type charging or charging battery are kept) still in generation 530 (for example, during regenerative braking or engine load balancings) high circulating load or power under.Flow into for low circulating power, energy will be stored in the chemical cell 42.Yet for high circulating load or power, energy will be stored in the mechanical flywheel battery 40.In this way, control system is provided, this control system has been optimized the energy storage of every kind of battery types and has been reclaimed cycle characteristics, guarantees that simultaneously each battery is able to charge fully to handle the engine and the vehicle needs of dynamic change.

Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 e further shows above-mentioned exemplary control logic.Fig. 6 a shows the energy stream during load balancing or the regenerative braking, and during this period, energy was recovered and reuses in the short time interval.Shown in Fig. 6 a; The energy that before is present in the vehicle with the kinetic energy form is recovered to flying wheel battery through power transmission; Avoiding the cycle frequency of chemical cell charging, and advantageously avoid between two types energy, changing and the energy loss that causes.

In Fig. 6 b, motor is used for promoting the power supply from the ICE of motor vehicle driven by mixed power.Chemical cell 42 is to be used for energy being provided so that satisfy vehicle output needs at that time to motor with flying wheel battery 40.Therefore, will be appreciated that depend on the energy demand and other control considerations of given time, these two kinds of battery types can be operated or separate operation together.

In Fig. 6 c, chemical cell charges via inserted mode.The chemical cell storage is from the long-term charge of plug-in type mains supply electric power, so that used afterwards.

In Fig. 6 d, can find out that energy can offer chemical cell 42 from mechanical battery 40.Fig. 6 d shows charging battery and keeps; Wherein, The high-power energy that reclaims from vehicle tyre and power drive system is directed to flying wheel battery 40, and thereafter, is provided for chemical cell 42 so that with the chemical species longer-term storage from the low-power electric charge of the flywheel energy that is reclaimed.In this way, the electric current that flows in the chemical cell 42 is minimized, then the power loss that in chemical cell 42, changes into heat also minimizes.The minimizing of the power loss in the chemical cell improved system effectiveness and reduced the influence to the harmful heat ageing effect of battery structure, discusses as hereinafter is further.

At last, Fig. 6 e shows the energy stream of the high power operation of motor 46.Chemical cell 42 (it is used for chemical species longer-term storage energy) charges to flywheel 40, so that flywheel 40 can provide energy for high-power applications in a short time.As indicated above; With chemical cell Comparatively speaking, higher from the efficient of the energy supply that is used for high-power applications of flying wheel battery so that need be the time from the high power output of flying wheel battery; Preferably, use flying wheel battery to come energy to be provided separately to motor.

Fig. 7 a and 7b show respectively to the traditional chemical battery that works independently with the chemical cell of flying wheel battery dual-mode of operation, with car speed Comparatively speaking, the representative cells charge cycle of chemical cell.From these figure, can find out; Through during some periods (for example; Quick acceleration or deceleration fast) use energy from flying wheel battery, can avoid the high cycle frequency that high power flows and charges in the chemical cell thus, thereby in chemical cell, realize better charge stability.

Mode through further example; According to independent use chemical cell (for example; According to configuration shown in Figure 4) driven vehicle; During the regenerative braking of chemical cell, energy " comes and goes (round trip) ", and the efficient of (wheel to battery to wheel) is expected between 50% and 63% via motor/generator.By contrast, use mechanical flywheel battery rather than chemical cell to reach about 84% as the efficient expection of the same regeneration braking routine of backup energy source.Therefore, dual mode configuration (for example, shown in Figure 4) makes that the long-term benefit of chemical cell is able to keep, and simultaneously, uses flywheel machinery battery through parallel connection, has introduced new and effects and efficiency that have superiority.The mechanical flywheel energy storage device is fit to the storage of short-term energy in essence, and not basic restriction on its power that can transmit or receive.Therefore, through preferably only mechanical system being used for the storage of short-term energy, this aspect has utilized the strong point of mechanical system.Although can be contemplated that under special circumstances, flying wheel battery can help chemical cell to realize the purpose of longer-term storage energy.

In another advantage, the use with the flywheel in the bimodulus of chemical cell avoids flowing into and flowing out the high power stream of chemical cell, has stoped thus to occur excessive temperature in the chemical cell and raise.As it will be understood to those of skill in the art that, the temperature in a period of time in the chemical cell raises and will cause chemical cell to damage.In addition, the rising of the internal temperature of chemical cell will cause system effectiveness to descend, and this is because the ohmic loss (Ohmic losses) in the sub-component increases along with the increase of impedance, and the rising of the increase of impedance and battery temperature is corresponding.

Compare with traditional chemical cell layout that only has, whole mechanical battery/chemical cell bimodulus arranges to have the life expectancy of prolongation.Here the bimodulus machinery of being discussed/chemical cell operation is not limited in conventional hybrid power engine or motor vehicle, use.But the application's principle can be widely used in other vehicle mechanicals and equipment (comprising elevator and crane) more.

The flywheel torque fill system

According on the other hand, during " the torque interruption " that causes by the speed change incident on the auto-manual transmission vehicle, can be used for " filling " (fill-in) outputting power driveline torque on the vehicle according to the flywheel of present embodiment.Will be understood that like description the filling layout of this paper and the control method that is associated solve " torque interruption " sensation (this is for problem of some user Lai Shuoshi) in the following manner: during the speed change incident, use the flywheel energy to drive or brake speed changer output and interrupt sensation with the torque that reduces at least or eliminate the user potentially from hereinafter.

Fig. 8 a shows the possible layout that flywheel energy that use stores provides torque to fill.Flywheel motor 80 is connected to speed changer 82 through suitable isolation coupling 81.Next, speed changer 82 mechanical couplings are to the output of the internal combustion engine 84 in the downstream of its speed changer 86, so flywheel 80 can provide energy for the final transmission 88 of vehicle with engine 84.

Suppose that flywheel has constant inertia, by flywheel provide or the angular acceleration (being the rate of change of flywheel speed) of the power that takes in of flywheel and flywheel proportional.Therefore,,, be inversely proportional to the angular speed of flywheel via speed changer 82 by the rate of change of flywheel 80 torque transmitted, and therefore with speed changer 82 on the ratio rate of change be inversely proportional to.Yet, can be contemplated that the control ratio on the independent speed changer 82 can not provide enough control resolutions, fill according to the needed effective flywheel torque in this aspect so that realize.

Will be seen that like those skilled in the art most speed changers are designed to control the velocity rate on it, and be not to be designed for torque control in essence.For the speed changer that only speed can be controlled, independent at short notice practical speed changer comes controlling torque to produce potential problem, and this is because skid in the inside of transmission element and the response delay of the conventional mechanism of possible speed changer.Therefore, in order to provide passing to power drive system through flywheel 80 or take from the enough control of the torque of power drive system, between the final mechanical couplings point 87 of speed changer 82 and itself and power drive system 88, to provide and regulate coupling device 89.

Comprise the use of the adjusting coupling 89 of the ratio chain (ratio train) that suitably places shown in Fig. 8 a, realized the torque control of enhancing, and this can not realize through independent use speed changer 82.Configuration shown in Fig. 8 a can use speed changer 82 speed control to keep the consistent still limited slip on the clutch, so that the slip loss is minimized, but guarantees that the torque direction between flywheel 80 and the final power drive system 88 is consistent.This makes the torque control resolution for example 0 in the scope of 100Nm, but in a compactness and encapsulation high performance-price ratio.Comprise speed changer 82 and the torque control unit of regulating coupling 89 according to this aspect provide less than the quick response in 100 milliseconds of scopes; Therefore realized when needed (particularly; During the speed change incident), to power drive system 88 provide flywheel 80 that torque fills immediate reaction.Layout shown in Fig. 8 a makes minimize energy losses, and therefore guarantees according to the needs of vehicle along with the time, and most energy of being stored in the flywheel 80 finally convert effective torque into and fill.

In operation, be included in the clutch of regulating in the coupling 89 and can guide and control brake torque and accelerating torque from flywheel 80.That is to say that if flywheel side component speeds is lower than power drive system side component speeds, brake torque will be produced by clutch operating so.On the contrary, if flywheel side component speeds greater than power drive system side component speeds, accelerating torque will be produced by clutch operating so.

Should be understood that the amplitude of the slip on the clutch will increase the degree that energy dissipates in clutch.Yet, according to present embodiment,, in clutch apparatus, bear minimum energy loss, thereby slide restriction and speed changer control be provided in the operating period of clutch apparatus.Compare with the typical start clutch (launch clutch) on the independent ratio transmission vehicle, this allows the clutch units of regulating in the coupling 89 are carried out miniaturization.According to employed clutch in the adjusting coupling 89 of present embodiment can be any suitably type; Comprise: electromagnetic clutch, passive cooling dry type clutch unit, have mechanical actuation device passive coolant seal wet type clutch unit, have the wet type clutch disk of inner passive pumping unit, perhaps multiple-disk clutch.

About the layout of Fig. 8 a and further about Fig. 8 b and 8c, be appreciated that the control strategy that flywheel torque is filled, Fig. 8 a-8c also shows the suitable configuration according to this aspect.Control logic is included in the consideration that engine power is opened or closed during the given variable speed operation, need consider that also this gearshift is gear up or gear down.

For " powering on " gear up, flywheel 80 need be to power drive system 88 accelerating torques.This makes the torque at the wheel of vehicle place during the speed change change to spread all over whole gearshift, and compromise gearshift time or car speed.Therefore, the advantage that is provided is superior to the traditional power manual transmission, and the traditional power manual transmission must during first torque phase, realize at the wheel place that torque changed before rapid change, therefore cause user's interruption sensation.

Through the mode of illustrative examples, Fig. 8 d shows the possible control flows according to the flywheel torque fill system of this aspect.Employed flywheel can be any suitable capacity.For example, flywheel motor 80 can have the capacity of 400KJ, and employed speed changer 82 can be the CVT with 120KW capacity.In such layout, flywheel can provide 100KW to power drive system in 4 second time.Yet, as it will be understood to those of skill in the art that, typical speed change only spends about 1/4th seconds.Therefore, be not that all energy in the flywheel all need be dissipated and/or begin and/or speed change when finishing in speed change during arbitrarily given speed change, can be overlapping between flywheel torque supply and the engine torque supply.

Shown in Fig. 8 d, in exemplary control flows, at step 810 place, the user is the starter receiver speed change at first, uses clutch pedal or other car internal clutch control device usually.At step 820 place, during gear graduation, CVT produces stream and comes from flywheel to the power drive system transmitted power then.In case this power transmission puts in place, at step 820 place, gear graduation takes place in engine.In case gear graduation is accomplished, at step 840 place, engine continues the responsibility that power transmits, and perhaps thereafter simultaneously, at step 850 place, interrupts the power transmission from flywheel and

CVT.At step

840 and 850 places, turn back to transition period of engine in NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER from flywheel, engine can overspeed (overrun), so that on flywheel, be full of electricity, in order to follow-up use.

Change for powering on for the bottom gear, the problem of consideration and control flows are similar.Wherein, the traditional power manual transmission must in torque phase, realize that at the wheel place torque changes after speed changes.Yet through using flywheel 80 to come to contribute to brake torque during changing bottom gear powering on, the torque at wheel place changes and can intersperse among whole gearshift during the gearshift, and gearshift time or speed is not traded off.In addition, braking energy is collected in the flywheel, so that the situation of discussing according to preceding text of upshifting was returned afterwards.

Use change bottom gear like Fig. 8 a to the outage of the configuration shown in Fig. 8 c or upshift during, the torque at vehicle tyre place changes the whole downslide period of can interspersing among, so guarantees level and smooth downslide behavior, and does not have shift feel.Advantageously, can reclaim kinetic energy because fill flywheel equipment, depend on the drive pattern of vehicle, the leading engine speed changer can be waited for positive torque before further operating.

Therefore, a kind of method of during the speed change incident, controlling institute's torque transmitted is provided, so that the gearshift comfort level of improvement is provided for the user during speed change according to configuration of the flywheel of this aspect and control method.The flywheel fill system provides storage of a kind of energy and the effective means that reclaims because the energy between flywheel and power drive system remains the kinetic energy form, therefore stop usually with vehicle and machine in the energy loss that is associated of power conversion.

Because, according to this aspect, need between kind of energy, not change, therefore improved efficient.Therefore, in whole system, have more energy to use, make potentially, need not fill for torque provides extra energy source.Because; Flywheel is arranged to power drive system energy is provided when needed; And use other some place recuperated energies from power drive system of cycle period at vehicle, therefore the energy that it uses in the vehicle does not Already in need the energy to fill function so that its torque to be provided.With such as needing additional energy source or need the power conversion stage Comparatively speaking at least with motor fill system that torque is provided to power drive system, this provides significant advantage.

The automatically controlled auto-manual speed changer that can be contemplated that the secondary flywheel equipment with sufficient size will be realized torque filling that this paper discusses and the extra efficiency benefit that is associated with mixed-arrangement.For similar vehicle and engine-operated condition, and use double-clutch speed changer Comparatively speaking, this will reduce the fuel consumption about 20%.In addition, use the auto-manual transmission that combines with the flywheel torque filling high unlike the cost that uses double-clutch speed changer.

Can reequip to adapt to existing auto-manual transmission flywheel and the speed changer that is associated and coupling (if necessary), improve its efficient thus and the users'comfort of improvement is provided during the speed change incident with the mode of simple and relatively low cost.Here the entire effect that the repacking flywheel of purpose is filled in the described torque that is used for existing system is low-down, and this is because do not do and need carry out great design again to system like this.Therefore, this aspect can be potential is used for existing vehicle and following vehicle design.

Speed changer and equipment disposition are selected

Should be understood that, the selection of transmission types and to the wiring of the equipment of above-mentioned flywheel aspect or selection of configuration be not limited to this paper describe especially or illustrate.But for specific vehicle, engine, machine or other devices, the requirement that reaches as required can be implemented suitable choice of equipment and layout arbitrarily.

The function of transmission device is that the speed with the speed of flywheel and mechanical couplings point is complementary, and at this mechanical couplings point, flywheel is coupled to the output of ICE or other output devices.Effectively, speed changer is a power inverter.That is to say that the power in above-mentioned flywheel embodiment is proportional to angular speed and multiply by torque.The function of employed speed changer or other power inverters for little torque that big torque and the low velocity of one of which side is transformed into the power inverter opposite side with at a high speed.

The selection of mechanical couplings point and transmission design both are to influential according to the function of the auxiliary system of the flywheel of this paper institute description aspect.Select to comprise belt continuously variable transmission (CVT), trailed model CVT, the unlimited variable transmission in mechanical disintegration path (IVT) to the speed changer in those aspects of wherein using speed changer; Electricity splitpath IVT, hydrostatic CVT/IVT and one or more motor.Certainly, system or even air operated.

Fig. 9 a shows for example can be used for torque filling purpose possibility flywheel and speed changer layout.Preferably, flywheel 90 is arranged in the vacuum plant 92.Flywheel 90 is connected to coupled clutch 94 through any suitable coupled modes.Coupled clutch 94 provides connection between flywheel 90 and transmission device 96.Transmission device 96 mechanically is coupled to the speed changer input of the vehicle between internal combustion engine 97 and the speed changer 99 then.

Fig. 9 b shows the alternative arrangement that comprises splitpath IVT.Once more, preferably, flywheel 90 is provided in the vacuum plant 92, and is connected with coupled clutch 94, coupled clutch 94 then be connected to speed changer.Employed transmission device comprises epicycle level 96 and traction speed changer 98 in upright arrangement in this layout.Through comprising the IVT transmission system, improved the potential function of the auxiliary engine of flywheel, thereby the recovery scope of increase is provided under low speed and realizes that starting quickens.

Can find out that the layout of output that mechanically is coupled to ICE 97 with the transmission device shown in Fig. 9 a is different, in Fig. 9 b, transmission device is coupling in the output of speed changer 99.As mentioned above, this selection of mechanical couplings point can influence the function of the auxiliary system of flywheel and the advantage that is associated.

Figure 10 a further shows according to the auxiliary potential coupled configuration of flywheel that is used for of present institute description aspect to Figure 10 b and selects.

In Figure 10 a, secondary flywheel equipment 100 is coupled to ICE 102, the upper reaches of main vehicular clutch 104 and transmission 106.This coupled configuration provides an advantage, and this advantage is, for the speed with the Coupling point place of flywheel speed and itself and ICE 102 is complementary needed ratio ranges relative narrower on the transmission device between ICE102 and the flywheel 100.That is to say that because for wheel, engine is with higher speed rotation, the ratio rate variance between flywheel and the engine is less than the ratio rate variance between flywheel and the wheel.In addition, required big, the strong gear of the transformation between flywheel and the ICE is Already in the speed changer, but is not present in lower downstream.

Layout among Figure 10 a has further reduced transmission torque through the torque advantage of using speed changer.Yet, because flywheel is coupling in the upper reaches of clutch 104, so must could in vehicle driveline 108, reclaim and reuse energy by closed clutch 104 from flywheel 100.Therefore, can be interrupted by speed change from flywheel 100 recuperated energies.In addition, in this is arranged, need power-shift transmission, realize Continuous Drive and regenerative braking so that be used for the flywheel equipment 100 of mechanical energy storage.

Figure 10 b shows and is similar to the alternative coupled configuration shown in Fig. 9 a, and wherein, flywheel 100 is coupled to the speed changer input between clutch 104 and the speed changer 106.The same with the layout among Figure 10 a, the configuration among the 10b provides the usable range that improves, and this is because the compatible variator ratio between ICE 102 and the flywheel 100.And it also realizes the reduction of gearbox torque.Yet, during speed change, still need decoupling zero, so as during the variable speed operation from flywheel 100 energy recuperations and/or reuse.

Figure 10 c shows another kind of possible coupled configuration, and wherein, flywheel 100 is coupling in the speed changer output.This layout is useful, because can not interrupted by speed change from the energy recuperation of flywheel 100.In addition, only the flywheel pattern is possible, and wherein, flywheel 100 is unique energy, and energy do not come from ICE 102, as long as main clutch 104 is opened, it is possible that Here it is.Yet, with the configuration of Figure 10 a and 10b Comparatively speaking, the configuration among Figure 10 c has reduced the integrated operation scope, and it also need increase coupling torque at the speed changer output.

Figure 10 d illustrates a kind of back axle system, and wherein, flywheel 100 is provided between the engine 102 and rear wheel 109 of vehicle.The same with the shown layout of Figure 10 c, this configuration is useful, because can not interrupted by speed change from the energy recuperation of flywheel, and as long as main clutch is opened, only the flywheel pattern is exactly possible.In addition, flywheel 100 can be used for the auxiliary or part-time four-wheel drive function of four-wheel drive.Therefore, flywheel 100 can provide auxiliary in variation aspect the adaptability of the vehicle under the different driving conditions.Yet, the same with the configuration shown in Figure 10 c, with the configuration shown in Figure 10 a and the 10b Comparatively speaking, the configuration among Figure 10 d has reduced the integrated operation scope and need increase coupling torque at the speed changer output.

The further use of the flywheel in the suitable configuration as discussed above is starting support.Depend on type of vehicle and engine load figure, flywheel can be the unique torque supply that is used to start to walk, and perhaps can use with the engine torque supply.For example, for such as the less relatively vehicle in the traffic queue situation, slowly move ahead with fixed intervals, flywheel is enough to for vehicle start provides moment of torsion, so that slowly move ahead at every turn.Perhaps, for moving than long distance or fair speed of bigger vehicle or less vehicle, flywheel can use with the part of engine ability, for example uses two engine cylinders in 4 available cylinders.Can implement a kind of suitable control strategy, make and consider vehicle factor and potential environmental factor (for example, emission limit set in the specific region),, use the best of breed of flywheel and engine torque supply at any given time.

Another factor according to the adaptability of the certain variator of present institute description aspect and coupled configuration is a run duration flywheel self speed.At any given time, the kinetic energy of being stored in the flywheel and square direct proportional (the E α ω of its speed ²).Therefore, for example, if the energy of being stored half the extracts from high speed flywheel, compare with from low-speed flywheel, taking out half energy so, this percentage that will cause the speed of high speed flywheel to descend is less.The result is that flywheel helps to reduce the needed ratio ranges that is used for flywheel is coupled to the transmission device of ICE faster.

Modification

It will be appreciated that flywheel described herein aspect is not mutual exclusion, but can realize through any suitable being combined in vehicle, machine or other devices.For example; The engine layout can comprise that less relatively flywheel is to be used for following any or all: drive booster, be that chemical cell charges and auxiliary energy supply or recovery are provided, provide at vehicle launch or during stopping incident except by auxiliary energy supply or recovery main power source provided.Same engine configuration can also comprise relatively large flywheel, to be used for the direct and/or combination drive of vehicle tyre.

For any aspect in the above-mentioned aspect, might be configured flywheel, so that when closing vehicle or equipment, flywheel shuts down, and, chemistry or other long-term battery storage devices are charged through doing like this.

Depend on the maybe needs restrictive condition of observing of particular requirement that needs satisfy, flywheel can be included in engine or the machine during manufacture, perhaps through various different configurations, after manufacturing, flywheel is reequiped to adapt to existing engine or machine.

Therefore, this paper provides many aspects, in aspect each, in engine, vehicle, machine or device, realizes flywheel, so that advantageously use utilisable energy wherein, and uses it to improve overall performance and output.Do not need the extra energy to move flywheel or flywheel is charged, but, have realized that according to this aspect, can use suitable flywheel to arrange valuably and obtain, store and reuse the energy that dissipates in the legacy system.In addition, can arrange the flywheel of this paper and suitably operate and control, so that satisfy service conditions and the user's request that changes along with the time through the mode of direct and high efficiency of energy.

In the practice, can move and control operation through suitably hardware or software mode according to other devices of the flywheel of above-mentioned aspect and its cooperation.The instruction that is used for control operation can be recorded in numeral or analog record carrier or computer-readable medium.Record carrier can comprise the optical storage such as CD, perhaps can be with the signal form such as focussed laser beam.Magnetic recording medium such as the computer hardware driver also can be used for instruction storage, arranges so that control flywheel described herein.Perhaps, can adopt the storage of solid-state storage or any appropriate signals.

Computer or other proper process devices, engine control unit (ECU) for example can be programmed so that carry out the instruction of the operation that is used to control described layout.Processing unit can also be used to control the flywheel layout and be included in operation wherein or that flywheel is arranged other elements in relative engine, machine vehicle or the device.Processing unit also can be used to write down and/or storage and flywheel is arranged and/or other elements are associated data.

Can be provided in the computer program that uses in ECU or other processing unit, to realize the control of layout described herein.Such Computer realizing way can be used to provide the automatic control of flywheel layout.Alternatively or additionally, can use a computer any appropriate combination of the step carried out with the user of the operation of configuration described herein or control is carried out.Therefore, in operation, automation to a certain extent can be provided; Operation so that the control flywheel is arranged still also can provide selection for user (for example, the driver of vehicle); So that send instruction or carry out other actions, control the control operation that flywheel described herein is arranged.

This aspect recognizes that in vehicle or machine, energy reclaims with the form of kinetic energy usually, and therefore, through using flywheel, because the energy loss that the power conversion stage brings is able to reduce or avoid with kinetic energy stored in form energy.Flywheel can be with kinetic energy stored in form energy in the time period of expansion, and in addition, according to the condition (for example, during engine-off) along with the time, flywheel can be used for to other energy storage devices energy being provided with kinetic energy form or other forms.

Flywheel described herein aspect has realized the efficient and the performance that strengthen through user-friendly, high performance-price ratio, small-sized and eco-friendly mode, thereby compares with existing the layout, and substantial advantage is provided.They can be implemented in suitable arbitrarily vehicle, engine, machine or the device, so that to improve its output performance and to meet consumers' demand through the mode of using the prior art layout not realize before a kind of.

Claims

1. an energy storing device (10); Said device comprises flywheel (12), and said flywheel (12) has at least one input (18), and said input (18) is arranged to said flywheel (12) energy is provided in use; Wherein, said energy reclaims from engine exhaust.

2. energy storing device according to claim 1 (10) further comprises: waste gas recovering device, said waste gas recovering device are arranged to will lead from the waste gas of engine output in use said flywheel (12).

3. energy storing device according to claim 2 (10), wherein, said waste gas recovering device comprises tesla's turbine.

4. energy storing device according to claim 2 (10), wherein, said waste gas recovering device comprises turbocharger.

5. energy storing device according to claim 4 (10), wherein, said turbocharger is variable turbine geometry booster (VGT).

6. according to each described energy storing device (10) in the claim 1 to 5, further comprise: clutch (16), it is arranged in the energy path between said waste gas recovering device and the said flywheel (12).

7. according to each described energy storing device (10) in the claim 1 to 6, further comprise: output, it is used for leaving said flywheel (12) through the excess exhaust gas energy guiding of reclaiming.

8. according to each described energy storing device (10) in the claim 1 to 7, further comprise: controller, it is used to control the energy stream through said energy storing device.

9. according to each described energy storing device (10) in the claim 1 to 8, wherein, said flywheel is mechanically connected to variable rate system (22).

10. according to each described energy storing device (10) in the claim 1 to 9, wherein, the output of said flywheel (12) mechanically is coupled to the output of engine, so that the mixed tensor that is input to vehicle, machine or device is provided.

11. energy storing device according to claim 10 (10), wherein, the said engine that said flywheel (12) mechanically is coupled on it further is arranged to, and exports waste gas in use to be used as the energy that is input to said flywheel (12).

12. according to each described energy storing device (10) in the claim 1 to 11; Wherein, said flywheel (12) is operable as the mechanical battery supply of one or more equipment of the vehicle, engine, machine or the device that are used for being equipped with said energy storing device (10).

13. a vehicle, engine, machine or device, it comprises according to each described energy storing device (10) in the claim 1 to 12.

14. a method that is used for energy recuperation comprises:

Obtain the energy that exists in the engine exhaust, said energy is guided to said flywheel (12) equipment, and said energy is stored in the said flywheel (12) for using in the future.

15. method according to claim 14 further may further comprise the steps: energy is offered the one or more equipment engine, vehicle, machine or the device that is equipped with said flywheel (10) from said flywheel (12).

16. the method for the energy stream of energy storing device (10) is passed through in a control, said method comprises: reclaim exhaust energy from exhaust flow, said exhaust energy is offered flywheel (12); And, export the energy that is stored in the said flywheel (12) according to the dynamic operation condition.

17. method according to claim 16 further comprises: said flywheel is left in excessive exhaust energy guiding.

18., further comprise:, repeat exhaust energy is offered the step of said flywheel in use according to flywheel charging needs according to claim 16 or 17 described methods.

19. a device, it comprises the inflation equipment that boosts, and the said in use inflation equipment that boosts provides inlet plenum to engine, and said device further comprises: flywheel, wherein, said flywheel is arranged to provide energy to drive the said inflation operation of equipment of boosting.

20. device according to claim 19, wherein, the said inflation equipment of boosting is booster.

21. device according to claim 19, wherein, the said inflation equipment of boosting is turbocharger.

22. according to each described device of claim 19 to 21, further comprise: input, said input are arranged in use to said flywheel supplying energy.

23. device according to claim 22; Wherein, said input is arranged to the energy channeling conduct to any one recovery from following: power transmission system of vehicle, engine exhaust, plant equipment; Chemical cell or motor, and the energy that is reclaimed is supplied to said flywheel.

24. according to each described device in the claim 19 to 23, further comprise: controller, it is used to control the energy stream through said device.

25. device according to claim 19; Wherein, the said inflation equipment of boosting is turbocharger, and said turbocharger comprises waste gate; And wherein; Said flywheel is disposed in the waste gas knocker of said turbocharger, so that said flywheel is arranged to both for driving said turbocharger energy was provided, stores the energy that from the gas that the waste gate of said turbocharger discharges, reclaims again.

26. according to each described device in the claim 19 to 25, wherein, the said inflation equipment that boosts further is arranged to from said engine received energy input, wherein, the said inflation equipment of boosting provides to boost and is input in the said engine.

27. a vehicle, engine or machine, it comprises according to each described device in the claim 19 to 26.

28. a method that is used to increase engine power, it comprises: utilize flywheel to provide energy driving the inflation operation of equipment of boosting, and operate said inflation and boost equipment to improve the import the blowing pressure in the said engine.

29. method according to claim 28 further may further comprise the steps: the vehicle or the interior existing energy of machine that use said engine to be provided in wherein come to said flywheel supplying energy.

30. method that is used for the inlet pressure of Control Engine; Comprise: the operation inflation is boosted equipment so that said inlet pressure is increased on the atmospheric pressure; And further comprise and use flywheel to provide energy to drive the said inflation operation of equipment of boosting; Wherein, to controlling, so that best boosting is provided according to instantaneous engine-operated condition by the size of the energy of said flywheel supply.

31. a processing unit, it is programmed with operating with execution and is used for realizing the instruction according to claim 14-18 or each said method of 28-30.

32. an engine control unit (ECU), it comprises the said processing unit of claim 31.

33. a record carrier, it has the instruction of storing on it, and said instruction is carried out by processing unit, so that realize according to each described method among claim 14-18 or the 28-30.

34. record carrier according to claim 33, wherein, said record carrier comprises light storage device, magnetic storage device or solid-state storage device or readable signal.

35. a computer program, it comprises instruction, and said instruction can be carried out by processing unit, to realize according to each described method among claim 14-18 or the 28-30.

36. a device, method or controlling schemes, it in fact as described herein or shown in accompanying drawing.