CN102684074A - Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102684074A CN102684074A CN2012100670822A CN201210067082A CN102684074A CN 102684074 A CN102684074 A CN 102684074A CN 2012100670822 A CN2012100670822 A CN 2012100670822A CN 201210067082 A CN201210067082 A CN 201210067082A CN 102684074 A CN102684074 A CN 102684074A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a spark plug and a manufacturing method thereof. In the spark plug obtained by laser welding in the case that a line body acting as a precious metal end is contained in a recess arranged at a front end of a central electrode, stripping of the central electrode and the precious metal end can be suppressed, and durability can be raised. The welding is performed in the state that the precious metal end is contained in the recess arranged at the front end of the central electrode, when a fused part in which composition of the central electrode and composition of the precious metal end are mixed is formed, the front end of the central electrode is arranged at a front end side in an axis direction compared with a front end of the fused part on the axis, a bottom surface of the recess is arranged at a rear end side in the axis direction compared with a rear end of the fused part on the axis. On a cross section through the axis, the fused part is continuous along a radial direction, so that a part A of the fused part having the thickness more than 0.1mm in the axial direction is formed by pervading areas having widths more than 0.05mm in the radial direction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spark plug, in more detail, relate to and possess the central electrode that is provided with the noble metal termination spark plug as the sparkover parts.In addition, the present invention relates to the manufacturing approach of said spark plug.
Background technology
Generally speaking the employed spark plug of internal combustion engine, is engaged with the main body accessory and the relative grounding electrode that disposes of the leading section of the other end and central electrode constitutes by the central electrode, the end that embed the cylindrical main body accessory via insulator.In addition, also use following spark plug, it is in order to improve ignition quality, has engaged by noble metals such as good Pt such as thermal endurance and resistance to sudden heating, Pd, Ir or the noble metal termination that constitutes with the alloy that they are the main body at the leading section of central electrode.
The method that has the central electrode of this noble metal termination as manufacturing; Following scheme has been proposed: schematically illustrated like Fig. 4 (A); Front end at central electrode 50 is provided with along the recessed recess 51 of axis direction, imbeds columned noble metal termination 60 to recess 51, with respect to the wall 52 that forms recess 51 from direction irradiating laser perpendicular to axis C; Shown in Fig. 4 (B), make a part of fusion of wall 52 and noble metal termination 60 and form puddle 70 (for example with reference to patent documentation 1).
Possess in the spark plug of noble metal termination at central electrode, the installation site of noble metal termination for and grounding electrode between discharge considerable influence is arranged, so the noble metal termination be positioned to be important condition.If the front end at central electrode 50 does not form recess 51; Then must when laser welding, cause quite strict position limit placing the position of regulation and utilization to keep anchor clamps noble metal termination 60 to be remained irradiating laser under the state that does not move in 60 years the noble metal termination on the smooth face to noble metal termination 60.With respect to this, put down in writing like patent documentation 1, to imbed noble metal termination 60 and carry out in the mode of laser welding at recess 51, the position limit of this noble metal termination 60 becomes easy.Recess 51 can form by the front end at central electrode 50 through perforate processing, but the machining accuracy of this moment is high, inserts noble metal termination 60 to the recess that forms with high accuracy 51 to get final product, so the positioning operation of noble metal termination 60 becomes very easy.
[prior art document]
[patent documentation]
[patent documentation 1] japanese kokai publication sho 59-191281 communique
The noble metal termination is being welded in the spark plug of central electrode, the leading section temperature that is soldered of noble metal termination uprises, and the temperature height then consumes soon, and therefore expectation makes the heat of noble metal termination be easy to transmit (heat conduction) to the central electrode side.But puddle 70 is to form the precious metal alloys of noble metal termination 60 and the alloy of the electrode material that forms central electrode 50, and therefore to compare heat conductivity separately lower with precious metal alloys.Therefore, shown in Fig. 4 (B), can't make noble metal termination 60 inside axis C peripheral fusion but left behind (below be called residual 75), form from noble metal termination 60 passage to the heat of central electrode 50.But, because residual 75 are precious metal alloys, the oxidation that therefore can not avoid following the heat of discharge to cause, oxidation sometimes causes noble metal termination 60 to be peeled off from residual 75 development.
In addition, if weld, then be easy to generate deviation in the alloy composition of puddle 70 with the mode that forms residual 75.Particularly, there is periphery, forms the more tendencies of ratio of the electrode material of recess 51 the closer to noble metal termination 60.And the inside owing to the deviation of this alloy composition at puddle 70 produces stress difference, in puddle 70, also produces the crack.
And; If improve heat conduction and make residual 75 chap; Then puddle 70 attenuation relatively, can not through thin puddle 70 absorb residual 75 with puddle 70 between hot exapnsion poor, on the interface of residual 75 and puddle 70, produce the crack sometimes.
Summary of the invention
Therefore the objective of the invention is to, in the recess of being located at the central electrode front end, hold as the filament of noble metal termination and carry out laser welding and in the spark plug that obtains, suppress peeling off of central electrode and noble metal termination, thus the raising durability.
The inventor finds; In the recess of being located at the central electrode front end, hold as the filament of noble metal termination and when carrying out laser welding; Through so that puddle connects residual the mode of radially and not leaving of noble metal termination welds, can suppress the generation in above-mentioned residual oxidation that causes or crack.The present invention makes with regard to being based on this technological thought.
That is, the present invention provides spark plug and the manufacturing approach thereof shown in following.
(1) a kind of spark plug possesses: insulator has the axis hole that extends along axis direction; Central electrode remains in said axis hole; The main body accessory is located at the periphery of said insulator; Grounding electrode, an end engages with said main body accessory and the other end is relative with said central electrode; And noble metal termination; Be disposed at the recess that is provided with at the front end of said central electrode and in the engagement position relative with said grounding electrode; Between the leading section of said noble metal termination and said grounding electrode, form the gap; Said spark plug is characterised in that, possesses the composition of said central electrode and the puddle that becomes phase-splitting to mix of said noble metal termination, and the front end that the front end of said central electrode is compared on the said axis of said puddle is positioned at said axis direction front; And the rear end that the bottom surface of said recess is compared on the said axis of said puddle is positioned at said axis direction rear end side; Through on the cross section of said axis, said puddle is radially continuous, and the thickness of the said axis direction of said puddle is that the above part A of 0.1mm spreads all over the footpath and upwards forms in the above zone of 0.05mm.
(2) according to the spark plug of above-mentioned (1) record, it is characterized in that the diameter of establishing said noble metal termination is R, the length of establishing with the overlapping said part A of said axis is L
1, on this axis to be in L
1/ 2 some O is an initial point, and (x y)=(0,0), establishes and be that the length of the overlapping said puddle of the point of x=3R/8 and the straight line M that is parallel to said axis is L through the x coordinate to establish its coordinate
2, establish and be in L
2The y coordinate of/2 point is y
2, establish and be that the length of the overlapping said puddle of the point of x=-3R/8 and the straight line N that is parallel to said axis is L through the x coordinate
3, establish and be in L
3The y coordinate of/2 point is y
3, establish O (0,0), a (0, L
1/ 2), b (0 ,-L
1/ 2), c (3R/8, y
2), d (3R/8, y
2+ L
2/ 4), e (3R/8, y
2-L
2/ 4), f (3R/8, y
3), g (3R/8, y
3+ L
3/ 4), h (3R/8, y
3-L
3/ 4) maximum of the ratio X of the principal component of the material of the said noble metal of this formation of 9 termination is X
MAX, minimum value is X
MINThe time, (X
MAX-X
MIN)≤30%.
(3) according to the spark plug of above-mentioned (2) record, it is characterized in that said (X
MAX-X
MIN)≤15%.
According to the spark plug of each record in above-mentioned (1)～(3), it is characterized in that (4) minimum value of the length of the said axis direction till the front end end face of border to this noble metal termination of said part A and said noble metal termination is more than the 0.2mm.
(5) a kind of manufacturing approach of spark plug, this spark plug possesses: insulator has the axis hole that extends along axis direction; Central electrode remains in said axis hole; The main body accessory is located at the periphery of said insulator; And grounding electrode; One end engages with said main body accessory and is being formed with the gap on the other end and between the said central electrode; The manufacturing approach of said spark plug is characterised in that; Possesses following welding sequence: in the recess of the leading section that is formed at said central electrode, hold the noble metal termination and to the side-irradiation laser of said recess; With said recess and the welding of said noble metal termination; And in said welding sequence; Welding as follows: the part of the said axis direction front of residual said recess and the part of the said recess side of said noble metal termination, and form the puddle that radially connects along said noble metal termination in the bonding part of said recess and said noble metal termination, and the thickness of the said axis direction of the said puddle on the cross section of the axis direction at the center of the front end face through said noble metal termination is that part more than the 0.1mm spreads all over the zone that the footpath makes progress more than the 0.05mm and forms.
[invention effect]
Spark plug of the present invention; Because so it is good in grounding electrode, to have noble metal termination ignition quality; And in the recess of the front end of being located at central electrode, hold the noble metal termination and when carrying out laser welding; Not residual and weld, suppressed the generation in residual oxidation that causes or crack thus, durability is good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of spark plug of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is used to explain the cutaway view along axis that central electrode and noble metal termination is carried out laser welding method according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the figure of distribution that is used to explain the alloy composition of puddle.
Fig. 4 is used to explain the figure that existing central electrode and noble metal termination is carried out laser welding method.
Embodiment
Below, describe with reference to the preferred implementation of accompanying drawing spark plug of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of spark plug of the present invention, and spark plug 100 mainly comprises: cylindrical main body accessory 11; Embed this main body accessory 11 and the insulator 12 of the tubular that the leading section 12a of self exposes from the leading section 11a of this main body accessory 11; The mode of exposing from the leading section 12a of this insulator 12 with self leading section 13a is disposed at the central electrode 13 in this insulator 12; One end engages with the leading section 11a of main body accessory 11 and the leading section 13a of the other end and central electrode 13 grounding electrode 14 etc. of configuration relatively.
In addition, the pars intermedia in through hole 16 between terminal fittings 17 and central electrode 13 disposes resistive element 18, and disposes conductive glass sealant 19,20 at the axial both ends of this resistive element 18.That is, central electrode 13 and terminal fittings 17 are electrically connected via this resistive element 18 and conductive glass sealant 19,20.These conductive glass sealants 19,20 and resistive element 18 form the conductivity knitting layer.In addition, also can omit resistive element 18, terminal fittings 17 and central electrode 13 engaged through single conductive glass sealant.
On the grounding electrode 14, the position relative with central electrode 13 at grounding electrode main part 14A is provided with noble metal termination 22 via pedestal 23.Grounding electrode main part 14A is the prismatic parts that the Ni alloy by thermal endurance and excellent corrosion resistance constitutes; Base portion 14a is through being fixedly welded on main body accessory 11; Pars intermedia at grounding electrode 14 has pars convoluta 14c and shows the bending of L font greatly, so that leading section 14b is relative with central electrode 13.
To noble metal termination 22 use as with Ir as principal component and contain Pt, Rh, Ru, Ni, Y
2O
3Be principal component Deng at least a alloy in the additive or with Pt and contain the high and fire-resistant expense consumption excellent material of the such oxidative resistance of at least a alloy in the additives such as Ir, Rh, Ru, Pd, Ni.Wherein, preferred Pt alloy.
In addition, irradiating laser and with pedestal 23 and 22 welding of noble metal termination.
And, among the present invention, irradiating laser as shown in Figure 2 and with central electrode 13 and 21 welding of noble metal termination.
Fig. 2 is a near cutaway view of representing the recess 30 of central electrode 13 along axis C; At first; Shown in Fig. 2 (A); Be provided with along the recess 30 of axis C depression at the front end of central electrode 13, in recess 30, hold noble metal termination 21, from perpendicular to the direction of axis C to wall 31 irradiating lasers that form recess 30.
Through this laser radiation, shown in Fig. 2 (B), the composition melting mixing of the composition of central electrode 13 and noble metal termination 21 and the puddle 40 that forms form and radially connect noble metal termination 21.In addition, 31a left behind to the part of the bottom surface side of recess 30 as the upper surface 31a of the axis direction front end of the wall 31 of recess 30 with from the upper surface.And the part of the bottom surface side of the recess 30 of noble metal termination 21 left behind.
Puddle 40 forms more that then the thickness of axis direction is thin more towards axis C; But as stated; The part of the upper surface side of the wall 31 through residual recess 30 and fusion, the upper surface 31a of wall 31 compares that upper end 40a is arranged in axis direction front (figure top) on the axis of puddle 40.In addition, the part of the bottom surface side of the recess 30 through residual noble metal termination 21 and fusion, the bottom surface 31b of recess 30 compares that rear end 40b is arranged in axis direction rear end side (figure below) on the axis of puddle 40.
In addition, shown in Fig. 2 (B), puddle 40 forms for the zone more than the 0.05mm for part 41 0.1mm more than (below be called " breakthrough part ") spreads all over the footpath width (W) that makes progress at the thickness on the axis (T).Laser radiation connects the wall 31 of recess 30 and carries out, and puddle 40 is partly dissolved in the laser radiation of wall 31.Therefore; If not so that the mode that noble metal termination 21 radially connects forms puddle 40; Then the principal component of wall 31 is that the Ni amount is excessive with respect to the noble metal amount of the noble metal termination 21 of fusion in puddle 40; Because the noble metal termination 21 of fusion and the difference of the hot exapnsion between the puddle 40 might not produce peeling off of noble metal termination 21.Therefore, need make the thinnest part (the being breakthrough part 41) thickness of puddle 40 is more than the 0.1mm, and width radially is more than the 0.05mm.
And the difference of alloy composition is more little between the each several part of puddle 40, and then the deviation of mechanical strength is more little, can suppress the generation in crack etc. more.Particularly, as shown in Figure 3, the diameter of establishing noble metal termination 21 is R, and the length with the overlapping part of axis C of breakthrough part 41 is L
1, on axis C, to be in L
1/ 2 some O is an initial point, and (x y)=(0,0), and establishes and is that the length of the overlapping puddle 40 of the straight line M of the point of x=3R/8 and the C that parallels to the axis is L through the x coordinate to establish its coordinate
2, establish and be in L
2The y coordinate of/2 point is y
2, establish with the length that through the x coordinate is the overlapping puddle 40 of the straight line N of the point of x=-3R/8 and the C that parallels to the axis be L
3, establish and be in L
3The y coordinate of/2 point is y
3The time, be preferably formed the maximum X of ratio X of the principal component (for example Pt) of the material of the noble metal termination 41 on following 9
MAXWith minimum value X
MINDifference be below 30%, more preferably below 15%.
O point (0,0): initial point
The a point (0, L
1/ 2): on axis C and compare initial point O with L
1/ 2 amount relies on the point of noble metal termination side
The b point (0 ,-L
1/ 2): on axis C and compare initial point O with L
1/ 2 amount relies on the point of central electrode side
C point (3R/8, y
2): on straight line M and be positioned at y
2The point
D point (3R/8, y
2+ L
2/ 4): on straight line M and compare y
2With L
2/ 4 amount relies on the point of noble metal termination side
E point (3R/8, y
2-L
2/ 4): on straight line M and compare y
2With L
2/ 4 amount relies on the point of central electrode side
F point (3R/8, y
3) on straight line N and be positioned at y
3The point
G point (3R/8, y
3+ L
3/ 4): on straight line N and compare y
3With L
3/ 4 amount relies on the point of noble metal termination side
H point (3R/8, y
3-L
3/ 4): on straight line N and compare y
3With L
2/ 4 amount relies on the point of central electrode side
When irradiating laser, adjustment irradiation position and exposure intensity are to form above-mentioned puddle 40 and breakthrough part 41.
In addition, connect noble metal termination 21 and the puddle that is formed with puddle 40 consumes than noble metal termination more easily,, need guarantee the necessarily not puddle of above noble metal termination at fore-end therefore in order to ensure the durability of spark plug.Particularly, shown in Fig. 2 (B), preferably make from the axis of breakthrough part 41 upper end 40a up to the distance (H) of the upper surface of noble metal termination 21 21a for more than the 0.2mm.
[embodiment]
Below enumerate Test Example and further specify the present invention, but the present invention is not limited.
(test-1)
Upper face center at the base station of selected Ni alloy system as central electrode forms recess; Hold as the diameter 0.6mm of the Pt alloy system of noble metal termination, the column of length 0.8mm, base station and noble metal termination are welded with the mode irradiating laser vertical with the wall of recess.Change the illuminate condition of laser and weld thickness of control breakthrough part as shown in table 1 (T) and width (W).
And, the base station that has welded the noble metal termination being installed on the caloric test machine, will carry out repeatedly 3000 times in the thermal cycles that heating under 1000 ℃ was cooled off 1 minute after 2 minutes gradually, the axis along the noble metal termination after finishing cuts off and the observation puddle.Test is carried out respectively 10 times; The situation in a crack more than 1/4 of finding the termination diameter or a gap between noble metal termination and the puddle is marked " * " as unallowed situation, mark in table 1 as situation about allowing in addition " zero " in table 1.
[table 1]
Table 1
As shown in table 1, can know through thickness (T) to be that 0.1mm is above, width (W) is that the above mode of 0.05mm forms puddle with breakthrough part, then can not produce crack or gap, the weld strength between noble metal termination and the central electrode is improved.
(test-2)
Use base station and the column identical with test-1, the thickness (T) that is controlled to breakthrough part for more than the 0.1mm, width is irradiating laser and welding more than the 0.05mm.
And ,-1 carry out caloric test equally with test, finish the back and cut off and puddle is sampled and carried out composition analysis along the axis of noble metal termination.Sampling is that 9 shown in Figure 3 are sampled and carry out composition analysis at each measuring point, and the principal component of obtaining the noble metal termination is a Pt content.In addition, the point at the each point place of sampling directly is 10 μ m.In addition, carry out 10 tests, establish and consist of its mean value.
Then, calculate the maximum (X of 9 Pt content of locating
MAX) and minimum value (X
MIN) poor (X
MAX-X
MIN).Then, obtain this (X
MAX-X
MIN) with caloric test result's relation.Result shown in the table 2.In addition; " * " in the table 2 expression has produced the crack more than five or has produced the situation in crack of the length more than 1/4 of the diameter of column; " zero " expression produced 1/4 situation of the diameter of crack and the not enough column of fracture length below four, and " ◎ " expression has produced 1/4 situation of the diameter of crack and the not enough column of fracture length below.
[table 2]
Table 2
As shown in table 2, we can say (X
MAX-X
MIN) more little, the fusion in heterogeneity more of noble metal termination in the puddle and central electrode, the generation in crack or gap is few more, is preferably below 30%, more preferably below 15%.
(test-3)
Through spark long duration test on the machine, checking from the upper end of breakthrough part until the distance (H) (with reference to Fig. 2 (B)) of the upper surface of noble metal termination and the relation between the recruitment of gap.That is, through simulation obtain with the noble metal termination be that the Pt alloy of diameter 0.6mm, thickness (T) that the recess material is Ni alloy and breakthrough part are that 0.1mm is above, width is the gap recruitment of 0.05mm mode above, that distance (H) is the value shown in the table 3 when welding.Experimental condition is made as 0.4MPa, 250 hours, 100Hz.
Because fusing department is the mixture of Ni alloy of Pt alloy and the base station of noble metal termination, therefore consumes soon than noble metal termination.Therefore, we can say that the gap recruitment increases more that then durability is poor more.Consider practicality, it is qualified that determinating reference is made as with not enough 0.3mm.Result shown in the table 3.
[table 3]
Table 3
As shown in table 3, can know, be more than the 0.2mm through setpoint distance (H), can keep the durability of noble metal termination.
Claims (5)
1. spark plug possesses:
Insulator has the axis hole that extends along axis direction;
Central electrode remains in said axis hole;
The main body accessory is located at the periphery of said insulator;
Grounding electrode, an end engages with said main body accessory and the other end is relative with said central electrode; And
The noble metal termination is disposed at the recess that is provided with at the front end of said central electrode and in the engagement position relative with said grounding electrode,
Between the leading section of said noble metal termination and said grounding electrode, form the gap, said spark plug is characterised in that,
Possess the composition of said central electrode and the puddle that becomes phase-splitting to mix of said noble metal termination; And the front end that the front end of said central electrode is compared on the said axis of said puddle is positioned at said axis direction front; And the rear end that the bottom surface of said recess is compared on the said axis of said puddle is positioned at said axis direction rear end side
Passing through on the cross section of said axis, said puddle is radially continuous,
The thickness of the said axis direction of said puddle is that the above part A of 0.1mm spreads all over the footpath and upwards forms in the above zone of 0.05mm.
2. spark plug according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
If the diameter of said noble metal termination is R,
If with the length of the overlapping said part A of said axis be L
1, on this axis, to be in L
1/ 2 some O is an initial point, establish its coordinate (x, y)=(0,0),
If the length of overlapping said puddle is L with through the x coordinate being the point of x=3R/8 and the straight line M that is parallel to said axis
2, establish and be in L
2The y coordinate of/2 point is y
2,
If the length of overlapping said puddle is L with through the x coordinate being the point of x=-3R/8 and the straight line N that is parallel to said axis
3, establish and be in L
3The y coordinate of/2 point is y
3,
If O (0,0), a (0, L
1/ 2), b (0 ,-L
1/ 2), c (3R/8, y
2), d (3R/8, y
2+ L
2/ 4), e (3R/8, y
2-L
2/ 4), f (3R/8, y
3), g (3R/8, y
3+ L
3/ 4), h (3R/8, y
3-L
3/ 4) maximum of the ratio X of the principal component of the material of the said noble metal of this formation of 9 termination is X
MAX, minimum value is X
MINThe time, (X
MAX-X
MIN)≤30%.
3. spark plug according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Said (X
MAX-X
MIN)≤15%.
4. according to each described spark plug in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that,
The minimum value of the length of the said axis direction till the front end end face of border to this noble metal termination of said part A and said noble metal termination is more than the 0.2mm.
5. the manufacturing approach of a spark plug, this spark plug possesses:
Insulator has the axis hole that extends along axis direction;
Central electrode remains in said axis hole;
The main body accessory is located at the periphery of said insulator; And
Grounding electrode, an end engages with said main body accessory and is being formed with the gap on the other end and between the said central electrode, and the manufacturing approach of said spark plug is characterised in that,
Possess following welding sequence: in the recess of the leading section that is formed at said central electrode, hold the noble metal termination and to the side-irradiation laser of said recess, with said recess and the welding of said noble metal termination,
And welding as follows in said welding sequence: the part of the part of the said axis direction front of residual said recess and the said recess side of said noble metal termination; And form the puddle that radially connects along said noble metal termination in the bonding part of said recess and said noble metal termination, and the thickness of the said axis direction of the said puddle on the cross section of the axis direction at the center of the front end face through said noble metal termination is that part more than the 0.1mm spreads all over the footpath and upwards forms in the zone more than the 0.05mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011-055092 | 2011-03-14 | ||
| JP2011055092A JP2012190737A (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2011-03-14 | Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN102684074A true CN102684074A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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ID=46815630
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104682202A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-03 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug and method for manufacturing the same |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5938392B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2016-06-22 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug |
| JP6205006B2 (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-09-27 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug |
| US9716370B2 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2017-07-25 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug |
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| US20040189169A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-09-30 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a spark plug, and spark plug |
| CN101861686A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2010-10-13 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
| CN101861687A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2010-10-13 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104682202A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-03 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN104682202B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2017-04-12 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Spark plug and method for manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012190737A (en) | 2012-10-04 |
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