CN102680808A - Digitized gapless phase noise measurement method based on group phase characteristic processing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digitized gapless phase noise measurement method based on group phase characteristic processing. The method comprises the following steps of: shaping a reference signal provided by a reference source into a rectangular pulse signal, carrying out frequency conversion on a signal to be measured and the rectangular pulse signal under the action of a controller, feeding the two signals which are subjected to the frequency conversion into a coincident point detection circuit together, and carrying out phase coincidence detection, wherein the phase shift processing is carried out on the rectangular pulse signal so as to accelerate a phase detection speed and accurately capture phase coincidence points; meanwhile, taking the phase coincidence points between the two signals as a measurement gate, and simultaneously starting up a counter to carry out gapless counting measurement on gate time, and reflecting the amplitude of phase noise by using the change of count values among the phase coincidence points; and finally, carrying out digital signal processing on time domain data which are measured when no gap gates exist, and displaying the single-sideband phase noise curve of the signal to be measured under the cooperation of a fast Fourier transform algorithm. The digitized gapless phase noise measurement method has the characteristics of simple circuit, high accuracy, capability of directly carrying out phase coincidence point detection on different-frequency signals, and the like.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is that a kind of digitizing based on faciation position characteristic processing does not have gap phase noise measurement method.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of Aero-Space, navigator fix, survey of deep space, atomic frequency standard and other high-tech area; To the high-accuracy frequency source that standard signal (like time reference, communication carrier wave etc.) uses, especially the phase noise index to frequency source has proposed requirements at the higher level.No matter be the emission pumping signal, or receiver local oscillation signal and various frequency reference, phase noise all can equally with useful signal appear at the demodulation terminal in demodulating process, the base band signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is descended; The bit error rate is increased; In radar system, influence target resolution.Therefore along with the widespread use of contemporary electronic systems such as communication, radar, navigation, low phase noise all generally comes into one's own in fields such as physics, astronomy, delicate metering, instrument and meters.Phase noise is that crystal oscillator also is the important performance indexes of the more high-end devices-atomic clock of frequency source simultaneously, in characteristic, frequency base, Study on standards, application and the performance test in basic frequency source, has vital role.Phase Processing is the core of making an uproar mutually and measuring, and in the measurement of making an uproar mutually, adopts which kind of Phase Processing method not only to determine frequency transformation, the lock phase precision of phaselocked loop and the complexity of system, but also has influence on the feasibility and the cost of the whole measuring equipment of making an uproar mutually.Along with the continuous increase of crystal oscillator market demand, China has become the crystal oscillator big producing country that occupies prostatitis, the world, and the crystal oscillator production technology level is higher, and development potentiality is very big.Phase noise as an important performance indexes of frequency source, will become and weigh atomic clock quality quality and the good and bad major criterion of crystal oscillator quality.However; Because a little less than the domestic basic research relatively based on phase noise measurement; The technology of this respect and equipment are also relatively backward, and annual aggregate value from external this kind equipment of import is near 100,000,000 yuans, and most user also is reluctant to invest this type price and surpasses 1,000,000 yuan equipment; Therefore research and development, the production to domestic a large amount of enterprises and institutions has caused very big restriction, has seriously restricted the development of China in this field.
At present, Phase Processing be mainly used in phase noise measurement communicate by letter, fields such as metering, electronic engineering, navigator, instrument and meter to be to accomplish the measurement to the monolateral band phase noise of frequency source high precision.Wherein, the Phase Processing method still adopts traditional Phase Processing method, and phase noise measurement equipment is basically from external import.China has successively introduced the phase noise measurement system of models such as a large amount of HP3047/3048A, E5500 series, PN9000 over nearly 20 years, concentrates the departments such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, electronics, weapons, naval, post and telecommunications, general assembly that are distributed in.These equipment not only cost an arm and a leg, and use also inconvenient.To China in Phase Processing and the field of measurement situation backward in technique of making an uproar mutually; The present invention proposes a kind of digitizing based on faciation position characteristic processing does not have gap phase noise measurement method; Utilize the equivalent phase demodulation frequency between the alien frequencies signal, solve the optional frequency signal and just can accomplish mutual phase place comparison problem without frequency synthesis and conversion.Not only measuring especially makes an uproar to the monolateral band of signal source mutually is with a wide range of applications aspect the measurement this method making an uproar mutually, but also provides the technical support of its crucial Phase Processing with the measurement aspect of making an uproar mutually for Aero-Space, navigator fix, defence and military, instrument and meter, accurate time-frequency observing and controlling, radar, astronomy and other high-tech area of using various oscillators and atomic frequency standard.The development level of phase noise measurement instrument is to weigh the important symbol of a national testing level and power of test, and it can drive and the technical development that promotes relevant therewith a plurality of fields.Therefore; Do not have gap phase noise measurement method based on the digitizing of faciation position characteristic processing and not only can upgrade the existing measuring technique of making an uproar mutually from principle; Fetter some important difficult problems that this field further develops in the world but also can solve, this has crucial strategic importance to improving and promoting China in the overall technology level and the international status of time-frequency measurement and control area.
The measurement of making an uproar mutually mainly is to the generally measurement of the monolateral band phase noise of phaselocked loop, Phase Processing device and the high precision oscillator of use such as instrument and meter, electronic engineering, navigator fix, communication, metering.High precision phase noise measurement method commonly used at present mainly contains phase-detecting method, frequency-discrimination method, beat method, direct Spectral Analysis Method, lock phase facture and ultra high speed A method etc.
1. phase-detecting method.The phase-detecting method is claimed zero-beat method again, and it is to be transformed to voltage fluctuation to the phase fluctuation of signal with phase detector, by frequency spectrograph Measurement Phase fluctuating spectral density, again by the phase fluctuation spectral density under the low-angle condition, calculate monolateral band phase noise.Owing to adopted quadrature phase-detecting technology, AM noise had bigger inhibition.Phase noise that not only can the survey frequency source also can be surveyed the phase noise of crystal oscillator and the additive phase noise of two-port frequency device.The advantage of this method is highly sensitive to phase noise measurement; Frequency resolution is high and reference frequency output is wide; Amplitude fluctuation had bigger inhibition ability.Shortcoming is the phase noise that reference signal frequency that must select equate according to measured signal and phase noise must be far smaller than measured source; Measurement mechanism is huge, is unfavorable for engineering test; The restriction of reference source makes the phase noise measurement system can't give full play to its effectiveness.
2. frequency-discrimination method.Frequency-discrimination method is claimed passive method again; It is with frequency discriminator the frequency fluctuation of measured source to be transformed to voltage fluctuation; By spectrum analyzer survey frequency fluctuating spectral density; Be converted into the phase fluctuation spectral density by the frequency fluctuation spectral density again, then by the phase fluctuation spectral density under the low-angle condition, calculate monolateral band phase noise.The characteristics of this method are that low broadband noise background is arranged; Simple in structure, have amplitude modulation and suppress ability; With respect to the phase-detecting method, it does not need reference source, but nearly carrier frequency sensitivity is lower, is applicable to the test of frequency source that frequency stability is relatively poor and VCXO etc.
3. direct Spectral Analysis Method.Directly Spectral Analysis Method is a kind of easy, effectively and the measuring method of in engineering test, often using, and particularly high-grade now spectrum analyzer generally all has the function of the monolateral band phase noise of direct measurement, and a button can be dealt with problems.But owing to receive the restriction of noise bottom surface, the dynamic range of spectrum analyzer self, the form-factor of wave filter etc.; Its measurement range is limited; Generally be used for the Measurement Phase noise objective and be not the phase noise of very high frequency source; Under the situation more than the offset carrier 1kHz, the confidence level of its measurement result is than higher, and 1kHz is relatively poor with interior confidence level.This method generally can not be used for surveying the phase noise of crystal oscillator, and can not separate AM noise and phase noise in the measurement result.Therefore, though directly the frequency spectrograph mensuration is simple to operation, measuring error is very big, and the only suitable less and relative higher signal of the phase noise source of drift of measuring, and can not be used for the pure source of frequency spectrum.
4. lock the phase facture.Lock phase facture is exactly to utilize measured source the high-accuracy reference source phase locking of a same frequency, under the situation that suppresses carrier frequency, from the lock phase voltage, extracts the phase noise information that measured source has amplified.Because the phase noise index of high-precision crystal oscillator is very high, be very difficult if it is directly measured, to a certain degree could realize measuring so need be amplified to The noise.Therefore, in present all simulated phase noise measurement methods, the researchist tends to the method that the higher lock of employing level is handled mutually most both at home and abroad.
The method that lock is handled mutually has the high advantage of measuring accuracy; But tangible deficiency is also arranged simultaneously; That is exactly that its measuring system must guarantee that reference source and measured source have identical frequency, and this just must be used in combination high-precision frequency synthesizer, and this part circuit not only costs an arm and a leg, complex structure; But also easily in the additive error of each transform part introducing synthetic line, the noise of itself also can impact the precision of phase noise measurement simultaneously.In order to reduce the influence that frequency synthesizer brings to measurement mechanism, external is to improve from circuit on the one hand, is to be optimized from algorithm on the other hand, and having occurred recently with the high-speed AD sampling method is the digitizing phase noise measurement method of representative.
5. high-speed AD sampling method.The high-speed AD sampling method is a kind of Direct Digital phase noise measurement method; In measuring system, adopt high speed, high-precision AD converter; Through directly measured signal being sampled; Measure the phase noise of measured signal through advanced Digital Signal Processing again, then measurement result is carried out spectrum analysis, directly generate the phase noise curve through adding related algorithm.
The key link of digitizing phase noise measurement method is exactly the application of high speed, high-precision AD converter, and its advantage is that system does not need phaselocked loop, does not need complicated loop correction; The digital filter that adopts can have quite high flatness, does not need independent calibration; Can pass through cross correlation process, reduce the restriction of AD sampling precision.But also there are many shortcomings, receive the restriction of AD sampling rate like the phase noise measurement system; The bandwidth of measuring incoming frequency is narrower; When measuring high stability crystal oscillator, receive the restriction of bottom etc.
Say that on the whole domestic mainly is to follow the tracks of and continue to use external technology in the development aspect Phase Processing and the phase noise measurement.
Through analysis to domestic and international phase noise measurement present Research; Can find out adopt method that lock handles mutually still afterwards on the line improvement or all be to be based upon on the basis of homogenous frequency signal in the optimization on the algorithm, have the signal of frequency difference just can handle through the method for frequency transformation.Necessary Phase Processing just must be used in combination high-precision frequency synthesizer in the measurement if want in wide frequency ranges, to accomplish.Although Study on Technology has obtained many achievements in this respect both at home and abroad, say on the whole still to have problems:
(1) with frequency phase demodulation problem.Phase Processing just can be carried out on the basis with this bottom principle of frequency with making an uproar mutually only to measure at present; Like the abnormality detection of phase coincidence detection, phase place comparison, phase-locking, phase differential adjustment and measurement, phaselocked loop, Navsat 1pps signal and the seamless switching of processing and navigation atomic clock etc., therefore studying and improve the Phase Processing, comparison, measurement and the control that need not frequency normalization between the arbitrary signal is problem demanding prompt solution.
(2) contradictory problems between fast-response time and the high-resolution.No matter together whether frequency, all adopted high-resolution phase coincidence detection method in the phase noise measurement at present, and the resolution of measurement is high more, and the coincidence information error of recovery is big more, and the detection of phase coincidence point is more difficult, and gate opening speed is slow more.
(3) the limited problem of measuring accuracy.The digitizing phase noise measurement receives the restriction of AD sampling rate, and the phase noise measurement index is lower, the measurement of inapplicable high stability crystal oscillator.
(4) curve of making an uproar mutually generates problem.The phase noise measurement result need carry out spectrum analysis with digital signal processing and combine complicated algorithm could generate monolateral band phase noise curve again, rather than through a kind of transfer algorithm of time-frequency simply and easily, by time domain to the direct generation of the frequency domain curve of making an uproar mutually.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is that the deficiency that is directed against prior art provides a kind of digitizing based on faciation position characteristic processing not have gap phase noise measurement method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
There is not gap phase noise measurement method based on the digitizing of faciation position characteristic processing; The reference signal that at first reference source is provided is shaped as rectangular pulse signal, under controller action, frequency transformation is carried out in measured signal and rectangular pulse signal then; Then the signal after the frequency transformation is sent into the coincide point testing circuit together; Carry out phase coincidence and detect,, need carry out phase shift to rectangular pulse signal and handle in order to accelerate phase-detection speed and accurately to catch the phase coincidence point.While as measuring gate, is opened counter to there not being the gap count measurement gate time with the phase coincidence point between two signals simultaneously, reflects the size of phase noise with the variation of count value between the phase coincidence point; The time domain data of measuring when will not have the gap door at last carries out digital signal processing, under the fast fourier transform algorithm cooperation, demonstrates the monolateral band phase noise curve of measured signal.
The digitizing of no gap is made an uproar mutually, and to have a circuit simple for more traditional lock phase disposal route such as measuring method, and precision is high, can directly carry out characteristics such as phase coincidence point detection to the alien frequencies signal.And then measure when realizing the no gap door with alien frequencies signal phase coincide point replace the conventional analogue processing with phase demodulation, lock frequently mutually.Obviously the phase noise measurement method than external traditional is simpler on principle based on the phase noise measurement method of faciation position characteristic processing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the phase noise measurement method based on faciation position characteristic processing;
Fig. 2 is the phase shifting part theory diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
The problem of making an uproar mutually and existing in measuring to alien frequencies; Basic theories in conjunction with equivalent phase demodulation frequency, crowd's cycle and faciation position quantum; On alien frequencies is made an uproar the basis of measuring principle mutually, a kind of no gap digitizing phase noise measurement method based on faciation position characteristic processing has been proposed.
Measure two parts when this method mainly comprises the detection of phase coincidence point and do not have the gap door, its cardinal principle is based on the periodic feature of the phase differential variation that shows with the lowest common multiple cycle that is changing between the alien frequencies signal and realizes making an uproar mutually measurement.
With reference to shown in Figure 1; The reference signal that at first reference source is provided is shaped as rectangular pulse signal, under controller action, frequency transformation is carried out in measured signal and rectangular pulse signal then; Then the signal after the frequency transformation is sent into the coincide point testing circuit together; Carry out phase coincidence and detect,, need carry out phase shift to rectangular pulse signal and handle in order to accelerate phase-detection speed and accurately to catch the phase coincidence point.While as measuring gate, is opened counter to there not being gap (uninterruptedly) count measurement gate time with the phase coincidence point between two signals simultaneously, reflects the size of phase noise with the variation of count value between the phase coincidence point; The time domain data of measuring when will not have the gap door at last carries out digital signal processing, under the fast fourier transform algorithm cooperation, demonstrates the monolateral band phase noise curve of measured signal.
Measure portion when system mainly comprises signal transformation circuit part, the detection of phase coincidence point, no gap door.
(1) signal transformation circuit
The major function of signal transformation circuit is that completion is amplified shaping to the simulating signal of the wide frequency ranges of input; It is one of important circuit in the system; Its performance quality will restrict the index of follow-up each several part circuit; Have only outstanding with signal conditioning circuit design, finally just can obtain high accuracy of measurement.Wherein the inhibition of trigger error influence must be considered.Prime as instrument; Because the signal of input all is a frequency signal at a high speed, it must have high input voltage sensitivity, wide conditioning voltage range and high input impedance; To be able to adapt to the conditioning requirement of the cyclical signal of various waveforms simultaneously, also must have good antijamming capability;
(2) phase coincidence point detects and measure portion when not having the gap door
The quality of this partial properties and the order of accuarcy that faciation position coincide point is detected thereof directly have influence on the final accuracy of measurement of instrument.In order to realize the detection of faciation position coincide point, need to pass through the square-wave signal that obtains behind the signal condition usually and convert into it with pulse signal frequently.In order to improve accuracy of measurement, should make the narrowed width of the same frequency pulse signal of generation, but also not be infinitely narrow, this relates to the driving problems of subsequent device.Detect the problem that there is the response time in part at phase coincidence point; In order to improve the response time of measurement, adopt ultra-high stable degree crystal oscillator frequency marking group source as a reference, simultaneously reference source is carried out phase modulation, phase shift; Dynamically multinomial coincidence detects the method for measuring, and theory diagram is seen Fig. 2.It is 5 * 10 that ultra-high stable degree crystal oscillator adopts a second level degree of stability
-135MHz or 10MHz crystal oscillator.At this, because the phase shift of reference source has realized new phase-locking, wherein include difference gate time, obtain the information of higher time response in the time of can be from door the different information.Therefore, to the measurement of monolateral band phase noise, adopt parallel, use method into battle array, the supersensitive phase-detection and the treatment technology that utilize phase coincidence to detect, thus be applicable to this more application scenario of complicacy.General measuring method is being to have higher sensitivity near carrier frequency, if f at carrier frequency far away, because power spectrum density reduces with the increase of f rapidly, is a difficult point of test at this moment, is called far-end noise.Phase shift can record multi-group data later at short notice, can satisfy the far-end noise of signal is carried out Testing requirement, also can improve the speed of measuring noise greatly.
The feasibility study of technical scheme
The key of phase noise measurement system is a phaselocked loop, to the core of phase noise measurement system---and the phaselocked loop based on equivalent phase demodulation frequency is tested.This programme uses 5MHz, 12.8MHz, 16.384MHz and the 38.88MHz signal of high stability; Respectively as the reference signal of alien frequencies phaselocked loop in the equipment of making an uproar mutually; To benchmark in the equipment is that the voltage-controlled OCXO of 10MHz locks, and level degree of stability second of the voltage-controlled OCXO of 10MHz is 3.7 * 10 before the locking
-11Level degree of stability second of the voltage-controlled OCXO of locking back 10MHz sees the following form.
| The reference signal of input | 5MHz | 12.8MHz | 16.384MHz | 38.88MHz |
| Level degree of stability second of output | 5.1×10 -12 | 5.3×10 -12 | 6.0×10 -12 | 5.6×10 -12 |
Data in the table show that level degree of stability second of the crystal oscillator of this 10MHz has all got into 10 after the locking
-12Magnitude.Can find out, the index of blocked oscillator all is greatly improved based on the phaselocked loop of equivalent phase demodulation frequency.If further reduce the noise of electronic circuit again; And select more device at a high speed for use; And allow two signals under higher equivalent frequency discrimination rate, to carry out coincide point to detect, can obtain higher index, the index that makes the output signal is more near the index of input reference signal.
The technical indicator that mainly reaches is following:
1. carrier-frequency range: 1MHz-2GHz.
2. frequency range: survey frequency f
0: 1MHz-95MHz, analysis frequency (f): 0.01Hz-2MHz;
Survey frequency f
0: 95MHz-2GHz, analysis frequency (f): 0.01Hz-20MHz.
3. phase noise measurement accuracy:
0.01Hz-1MHz：±2dB 1-20MHz：±4dB
4. phase noise background: minimum-170dBc/Hz
| f/Hz | 0.01 | 0.1 | 1 | 10 | 104 |
| (dBc/Hz) | -70 | -100 | -130 | -140 | -150 |
| f/Hz | 10 4 | 10 4 | 10 5 | 10 6 | 10 7 |
| (dBc/Hz) | -160 | -170 | -170 | -170 | -170 |
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.
Claims (1)
1. the digitizing based on faciation position characteristic processing does not have gap phase noise measurement method; It is characterized in that; The reference signal that at first reference source is provided is shaped as rectangular pulse signal, under controller action, frequency transformation is carried out in measured signal and rectangular pulse signal then; Then the signal after the frequency transformation is sent into the coincide point testing circuit together; Carry out phase coincidence and detect,, need carry out phase shift to rectangular pulse signal and handle in order to accelerate phase-detection speed and accurately to catch the phase coincidence point; While as measuring gate, is opened counter to there not being the gap count measurement gate time with the phase coincidence point between two signals simultaneously, reflects the size of phase noise with the variation of count value between the phase coincidence point; The time domain data of measuring when will not have the gap door at last carries out digital signal processing, under the fast fourier transform algorithm cooperation, demonstrates the monolateral band phase noise curve of measured signal.
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| CN104808077A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-07-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Highly sensitive phase noise measuring method and device |
| CN110187197A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of additional phase noise automatic measurement mechanism |
| CN110716092A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-21 | 上海交通大学 | Phase noise measuring device and measuring method based on laser frequency discrimination and cross-correlation processing |
| CN113325234A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南师范大学 | Pilot frequency phase coincidence detection system and method based on pi-type delay chain |
| CN113556201A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-10-26 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Multi-reference clock switching device and method based on beat digital frequency measurement |
| CN113933612A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-14 | 湖南师范大学 | Phase noise measurement system and measurement method based on Beidou navigation satellite payload |
| CN114265017A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-04-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Phase noise measurement method based on digital signal processing |
| CN115051703A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-13 | 中山大学 | Time signal performance optimization method and device based on second-order digital phase-locked loop |
| CN118444038A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-08-06 | 深圳市鼎阳科技股份有限公司 | Phase noise measuring method, apparatus, spectrum analyzer, and storage medium |
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| CN104808077B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2018-03-20 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | A kind of highly sensitive phase noise measurement method and device |
| CN104808077A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-07-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Highly sensitive phase noise measuring method and device |
| CN110187197B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2021-07-27 | 东南大学 | Automatic additional phase noise measuring device |
| CN110187197A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of additional phase noise automatic measurement mechanism |
| CN110716092B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-09-07 | 上海交通大学 | Phase noise measuring device and measuring method based on laser frequency discrimination and cross-correlation processing |
| CN110716092A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-21 | 上海交通大学 | Phase noise measuring device and measuring method based on laser frequency discrimination and cross-correlation processing |
| CN113325234A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南师范大学 | Pilot frequency phase coincidence detection system and method based on pi-type delay chain |
| CN113556201A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-10-26 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Multi-reference clock switching device and method based on beat digital frequency measurement |
| CN113556201B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Multi-reference clock switching device and method based on beat digital frequency measurement |
| CN113933612A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-14 | 湖南师范大学 | Phase noise measurement system and measurement method based on Beidou navigation satellite payload |
| CN114265017A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-04-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Phase noise measurement method based on digital signal processing |
| CN114265017B (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2024-04-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Phase noise measuring method based on digital signal processing |
| CN115051703A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-13 | 中山大学 | Time signal performance optimization method and device based on second-order digital phase-locked loop |
| CN118444038A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-08-06 | 深圳市鼎阳科技股份有限公司 | Phase noise measuring method, apparatus, spectrum analyzer, and storage medium |
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Application publication date: 20120919 |