CN102678402A - Air intake manifold with integrated air track - Google Patents
Air intake manifold with integrated air track Download PDFInfo
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- CN102678402A CN102678402A CN2012101674074A CN201210167407A CN102678402A CN 102678402 A CN102678402 A CN 102678402A CN 2012101674074 A CN2012101674074 A CN 2012101674074A CN 201210167407 A CN201210167407 A CN 201210167407A CN 102678402 A CN102678402 A CN 102678402A
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- intake manifold
- gas rail
- air
- engine
- operating mode
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an air intake manifold with an integrated air track, which comprises an air throttle (1) of an air inlet of an engine, a resonant cavity (2) of the air intake manifold, a plurality of branch pipes (3) of the air intake manifold, and a connecting flange (4), wherein the air throttle (1) at the upper end of each branch pipe (3) of the air intake manifold is communicated with the resonant cavity (2) of the air intake manifold; and air outlets at the lower parts of the branch pipes (3) of the air intake manifold are respectively connected with cylinder covers through the connecting flange (4). The air intake manifold is characterized in that the air intake manifold further comprises the air track (5) and a plurality of air track connecting branch pipes (6), wherein the air track connecting branch pipes (6) are corresponding to the branch pipes (3) of the air intake manifold one to one; and the air track (5) is communicated with the lower end of each branch pipe (3) of the air intake manifold through the corresponding air track connecting branch pipe (6). When the air intake manifold is fully loaded, resonance effects achieved at low rotating speeds and trough rotating speeds can be optimized, so that the air intake quantity is increased; when the air intake manifold is partially loaded, pumping loss of the engine is decreased, the fuel consumption rate is reduced, and the requirements for buses in different working conditions can be satisfied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the air intake manifold of automotive engine technical field, be specifically related to a kind of intake manifold of integrated gas rail.
Background technique
Present stage, passenger car was about the design of the intake manifold of gasoline naturally aspirated engine; Mainly utilize the intake manifold of certain-length and diameter to form the resonant intake system system, make the air inlet periodic resonance of its natural frequency of vibration and valve, under specific rotating speed with the resonant chamber of certain volume; Before IC Intake Valve Closes; Produce significantly pressure wave in the intake manifold, make the increased pressure of intake manifold, thereby increase air inflow.
This intake manifold design method when full load, is utilized the resonance effect of intake manifold, and engine performance may produce the dual waves phenomenon, if later stage car load adjustment is bad, can produces when quickening gearshift and quicken unable sensation, influences driving comfortability; Simultaneously, in sub load,, can influence the Economy of motor because the raising of the degree of vacuum of suction tude can cause pumping loss increase in the intake stroke.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has designed a kind of intake manifold of integrated gas rail, the big problem of pumping loss when it has solved the unable and sub load work of acceleration that motor that existing intake manifold design method causes possibly exist when full-load operation.
In order to solve the technical problem of above-mentioned existence, the present invention has adopted following scheme:
A kind of intake manifold of integrated gas rail; Comprise engine intake manifold; It is characterized in that: also comprise gas rail (5); All there is a gas rail connecting branch (6) to be communicated with between each intake manifold arm (3) of said gas rail (5) and motor; The cylinder backflow waste gas of exhaust operating mode is collected by said gas rail (5) through one or more gas rail connecting branches (6), and the said backflow waste gas that said gas rail (5) is collected directly gets in the cylinder of air inlet operating mode through other one or more gas rail connecting branches (6) mixing fresh air, causes fresh air minimizing in the cylinder of said air inlet operating mode; Gather in the engine exhaust concentration of oxygen numerical value and feed back to ECU through the lambda sensor on the outlet pipe, thus the aperture of decision engine intake throttle valve (1).
Further, said engine intake manifold comprises intake manifold resonant cavity (2), and said gas rail (5) is as the secondary resonant cavity of said intake manifold resonant cavity (2).
Further, an end of said gas rail connecting branch (6) is arranged on said intake manifold arm (3) air outlet end.
Further, between said gas rail connecting branch (6) and the said intake manifold arm (3), said gas rail connecting branch (6) with Placement between the said gas rail (5) is: flange is connected, adopts that interference fit press-fits, welding or one-step casting are integral part.
Further; Said engine intake manifold comprises said engine intake air throttle (1), said a plurality of intake manifold arms (3) and adpting flange (4); The suction port of said each intake manifold arm (3) one ends is communicated with said intake manifold resonant cavity (2), and the air outlet of said each intake manifold arm (3) the other end is connected with each cylinder head respectively through said adpting flange (4).
A kind of backflow waste gas detecting method, the intake manifold of any one described integrated gas rail in the use claim 1 to 5 may further comprise the steps:
Engine operation is when sub load; When a certain cylinder during in the air inlet operating mode; One cylinder must be arranged in the exhaust operating mode, and because the existence of engine valve overlapping angle, exhaust operating mode cylinder has the phenomenon generation that waste gas flows backwards; Because this gas rail is near the engine air flue position, the waste gas that the gas rail will directly flow backwards exhaust operating mode cylinder is transported in the cylinder of air inlet operating mode.
Certain cylinder of air inlet operating mode can suck the waste gas that flows backwards from the gas rail, and this part waste gas is not participate in engine operation, and the fresh air that has just caused sucking in this operating mode reduces, lambda sensor detect the work oxygen-supplying amount inadequately after, will send information to ECU;
Like this, through the closed loop control of electrical control system for engine, ECU can send instruction, lets the engine intake throttle valve open a bigger angle, thereby sucks more fresh air, reaches the working load of this operating mode.
The intake manifold of this integrated gas rail has following beneficial effect:
(1) compact structure: the present invention directly carries out the gas rail integratedly on intake manifold, and integrated back does not change for engine body, and not additional other any accessories need not passenger car is transformed, and can on car load, arrange.
(2) method is simple: the present invention is various with the integration mode of the gentle rail of intake manifold; Can adopt that flange connects, interference fit press-fits, is welded to connect, all Placements that one-step casting moulding and other can be safe, reliable, airtight when intake manifold is cast.No matter material is the intake manifold of plastics, cast aluminium, all can use.
(3) Maintenance free: the present invention has no the moving element of transmissions such as electricity, machinery, does not have wearing and tearing, only if having hard object height speed to clash in normal the use, can not damage, and does not need to be serviced maintenance.
(4) easy design: the present invention only need consider diameter, the length of the volume and the connecting branch of gas rail when designing, and need not carry out complicated calculating, check.
(5) effect is obvious: the present invention optimizes the resonance effect of the slow-speed of revolution and trough rotating speed when full load, increases air inflow; Reduce the motor pumping loss during sub load, reduce fuel consumption rate, can satisfy under the different operating modes needs passenger car.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the front status architecture schematic representation of the intake manifold of the integrated gas rail of the present invention on certain four-cylinder gasoline naturally aspirated engine;
Fig. 2: the back side status architecture schematic representation of the intake manifold of the integrated gas rail of the present invention on certain four-cylinder gasoline naturally aspirated engine;
Fig. 3: the gas rail structure of the intake manifold of the integrated gas rail of the present invention on certain four-cylinder gasoline naturally aspirated engine dissected schematic representation;
Fig. 4: adopt the intake manifold rear engine external characteristic curve of the integrated gas rail of the present invention and the comparison schematic representation of existing technology engine test bench characteristic curve;
Fig. 5: cylinder acting schematic representation.
Description of reference numerals:
1-engine intake throttle valve; 2-intake manifold resonant cavity; 3-intake manifold arm; 4-adpting flange; 5-gas rail; 6-gas rail connecting branch; 7-existing technology engine test bench characteristic curve synoptic diagram; 8-employing rear engine external characteristic curve of the present invention; D-gas rail connecting branch diameter; V-gas rail volume;
V
a-cylinder total volume; V
s-displacement; V
c-combustion chamber volume; P
0-atmospheric pressure; P
dSuction pressure in the-cylinder; P
eExhaust pressure in the-cylinder; W
2-exhaust loss merit; W
3-inlet loss merit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further specified:
The intake manifold that Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 shows a kind of integrated gas rail on certain four-cylinder gasoline naturally aspirated engine structural representation and arrange situation, comprise engine intake throttle valve 1, intake manifold resonant cavity 2, four intake manifold arms 3, adpting flange 4, gas rail 5 and four gas rail connecting branches 6; Each intake manifold arm 3 upper end suction ports are communicated with intake manifold resonant cavity 2, and each air outlet, intake manifold arm 3 bottom is connected with each cylinder head respectively through adpting flange 4; Gas rail connecting branch 6 is corresponding one by one with intake manifold arm 3, and gas rail connecting branch 6 one ends are connected in the lower end of intake manifold arm 3 near place, air outlet, bottom, and the other end is connected with gas rail 5; Gas rail 5 is airtight cavitys, and gas rail 5 is communicated with each intake manifold arm 3 through gas rail connecting branch 6.Gas rail connecting branch 6 can use flange to be connected with the Placement of intake manifold arm 3 gentle rails 5 or the mode that directly adopts interference fit to press-fit connects or be welded to connect or when intake manifold is cast one-step casting moulding and other modes, and guarantee to connect reliable, airtight.
This inlet manifold system designs diameter, the length of the volume and the intake manifold arm 3 of intake manifold resonant cavity 2 according to the needs of engine operating condition; After the completion, mate the volume V of gas rail 5 and the diameter D and the length of gas rail connecting branch 6 according to the bimodal state of engine operating condition.
During engine running, fresh air gets into intake manifold resonant cavity 2 through engine intake 1, again according to engine operating condition, is assigned to uniformly in each intake manifold arm 3, gets in the cylinder through the adpting flange 4 that is connected with cylinder cap.At this moment, gas rail 5 integrated among the present invention connects together with each intake manifold arm 3 of intake manifold through gas rail connecting branch 6, plays a role in full engine load or partial load condition, satisfies under the different operating modes needs to passenger car.In the design matching process, main according to the different demands of motor to power character or Economy, reasonably select gas rail connecting branch diameter D, these two sizes of gas rail volume V, to satisfy the demand of different operating modes.
Engine operation is still utilized the resonance effect of motor when full load, but owing on the basis of resonant cavity, increased a gas rail again; It is equivalent to a secondary resonant cavity, and this gas rail is in the position near engine air flue, and this will change the resonance effect of motor; Through calculating and the test coupling, select the gas rail of appropriate volume, can reach the reduction dual waves; Improve the purpose of trough between the dual waves, as shown in Figure 4.
Working principle: engine operation when a certain cylinder during in the air inlet operating mode, must have a cylinder in the exhaust operating mode when sub load, and because the existence of engine valve overlapping angle, has the phenomenon that waste gas flows backwards and takes place.Because this gas rail is near the engine air flue position, certain cylinder of air inlet operating mode can suck the waste gas that flows backwards easily from the gas rail, and this part waste gas is not participate in engine operation, and the fresh air that has just caused sucking in this operating mode reduces.This moment lambda sensor detect the work oxygen-supplying amount inadequately after, will send information to ECU.Like this, through the closed loop control of electrical control system for engine, ECU can send instruction, lets the engine intake throttle valve open a bigger angle, thereby sucks more fresh air, reaches the working load of this operating mode.
And the raising of engine intake throttle valve open angle has sucked more fresh air, has improved the performance of motor, and simultaneously, the intake depression of motor reduces, i.e. suction pressure P in the cylinder among Fig. 5
dDescend (is suction pressure P in the cylinder
dWith atmospheric pressure P
0Pressure reduction reduce), W
3Reduce, thereby reduced the pumping loss of motor, reach the purpose that reduces engine consumption.Among Fig. 5, W
3It is the inlet loss merit.
Combine accompanying drawing that the present invention has been carried out exemplary description above; Obvious realization of the present invention does not receive the restriction of aforesaid way; As long as the various improvement of having adopted method design of the present invention and technological scheme to carry out; Or design of the present invention and technological scheme are directly applied to other occasion without improving, all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the intake manifold of an integrated gas rail; Comprise engine intake manifold; It is characterized in that: also comprise gas rail (5); All there is a gas rail connecting branch (6) to be communicated with between each intake manifold arm (3) of said gas rail (5) and motor; The cylinder backflow waste gas of exhaust operating mode is collected by said gas rail (5) through one or more gas rail connecting branches (6), and the said backflow waste gas that said gas rail (5) is collected mixes the back through other one or more gas rail connecting branches (6) with fresh air and directly gets in the cylinder of air inlet operating mode, causes fresh air minimizing in the cylinder of said air inlet operating mode; Gather in the engine exhaust concentration of oxygen numerical value and feed back to ECU through the lambda sensor on the outlet pipe, thereby regulate the aperture of engine intake throttle valve (1).
2. the intake manifold of integrated gas rail according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said engine intake manifold comprises intake manifold resonant cavity (2), and said gas rail (5) is as the secondary resonant cavity of said intake manifold resonant cavity (2).
3. the intake manifold of integrated gas rail according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: an end of said gas rail connecting branch (6) is arranged on said intake manifold arm (3) air outlet end.
4. the intake manifold of integrated gas rail according to claim 3 is characterized in that: between said gas rail connecting branch (6) and the said intake manifold arm (3), said gas rail connecting branch (6) with Placement between the said gas rail (5) is: flange is connected, adopts that interference fit press-fits, welding or one-step casting are integral part.
5. according to the intake manifold of the arbitrary described integrated gas rail of claim 1 to 4; It is characterized in that: said engine intake manifold comprises said engine intake throttle valve (1), said a plurality of intake manifold arms (3) and adpting flange (4); The suction port of said each intake manifold arm (3) one ends is communicated with said intake manifold resonant cavity (2), and the air outlet of said each intake manifold arm (3) the other end is connected with each cylinder head respectively through said adpting flange (4).
6. backflow waste gas detecting method is used the intake manifold of any one described integrated gas rail in the claim 1 to 5, may further comprise the steps:
Engine operation is when sub load; When a certain cylinder during in the air inlet operating mode; One cylinder must be arranged in the exhaust operating mode, and because the existence of engine valve overlapping angle, the cylinder of exhaust operating mode has the phenomenon generation that waste gas flows backwards; Because this gas rail is near the engine air flue position, the waste gas that the gas rail will directly flow backwards exhaust operating mode cylinder is transported in the cylinder of air inlet operating mode;
Certain cylinder of air inlet operating mode can suck the waste gas that flows backwards from the gas rail, and this part waste gas is not participate in engine operation, and the fresh air that has just caused sucking in this operating mode reduces, lambda sensor detect the work oxygen-supplying amount inadequately after, will send information to ECU;
Like this, through the closed loop control of electrical control system for engine, ECU can send instruction, lets the engine intake air throttle open a bigger angle, thereby sucks more fresh air, reaches the working load of this operating mode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101674074A CN102678402A (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2012-05-28 | Air intake manifold with integrated air track |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101674074A CN102678402A (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2012-05-28 | Air intake manifold with integrated air track |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102678402A true CN102678402A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
Family
ID=46810844
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101674074A Pending CN102678402A (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2012-05-28 | Air intake manifold with integrated air track |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103321796B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-08-05 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | The two pressure stabilizing cavity gas handling system of a kind of boosting type petrol engine |
| CN103321796A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Air intake system of supercharged gasoline engine with double pressure-stabilizing cavities |
| CN105443280A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛盛嘉信息科技有限公司 | Anti-aging intake manifold |
| CN105443277A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛盛嘉信息科技有限公司 | Low-temperature-resistant intake manifold |
| CN105508095A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛盛嘉信息科技有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant gas inlet manifold |
| CN105443279A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛盛嘉信息科技有限公司 | Oil-resistant intake manifold |
| CN105443278A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛盛嘉信息科技有限公司 | High-stability engine intake manifold |
| CN105545540A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Anti-ageing intake manifold branch pipe |
| CN105482374A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-13 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | High-stability engine intake manifold branch pipe with multi-layer structure |
| CN105545541A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | High-stability engine intake manifold branch pipe |
| CN105508097A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Sulfur-resistant gas inlet manifold branch with multi-layer structure |
| CN105545542A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Multilayer-structure high-temperature-resistant intake manifold branch pipe |
| CN105484910A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-13 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Low-temperature-resistant inlet manifold branch pipe of multilayer structure |
| CN105484907A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-13 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Engine intake manifold made from flame-retardant rubber |
| CN105464858A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-06 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Anti-aging intake manifold branch pipe of multilayered structure |
| CN105484911A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-13 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Sulfur-tolerant flame-retardant engine intake manifold |
| CN105545544A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Inlet manifold branch pipe resistant to high temperature |
| CN105545543A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛讯达捷电子科技有限公司 | Sulfur tolerant inlet manifold branch |
| CN105440247A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | High elasticity intake manifold resonant cavity |
| CN105440509A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | Ageing-resistant intake manifold resonant cavity |
| CN105440369A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | Intake manifold resonant cavity adopting flame retardant rubber |
| CN105440508A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | Engine intake manifold adopting oil resistant rubber |
| CN105443282A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | Engine intake manifold with oil-resisting pipeline |
| CN105443283A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | High-stability intake manifold resonant cavity |
| CN105462117A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-06 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | Sulphur-resisting oil resistance engine intake manifold |
| CN105440510A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | Inlet manifold of engine |
| CN105464859A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-06 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | Intake manifold with modified carbon nano tubes |
| CN105464860A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-06 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | Sulfur-resisting intake manifold resonant cavity |
| CN105569888A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-11 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | Engine gas intake manifold adopting modified carbon nanotube |
| CN105569889A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-11 | 青岛玻莱莫斯新材料技术有限公司 | Oil-resistant gas intake manifold resonant cavity |
| CN105440248A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | High-elasticity engine air intake throttle valve |
| CN105462171A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-06 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | High-stability engine air inlet air throttle |
| CN105462118A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-06 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | High sulfur-resistant engine intake manifold |
| CN105462119A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-06 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | Oil-resistance engine air inlet air throttle |
| CN105440513A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | High temperature-resistant air intake throttle valve |
| CN105440514A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-30 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | Sulfur-resistant engine air intake throttle valve |
| CN105504603A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛海特新蓝生物科技有限公司 | Anti-ageing throttle valve of gas inlet of engine |
| CN105587435A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-05-18 | 沈阳航天新光汽车零部件有限公司 | Gasoline engine intake manifold with variable loads |
| CN116641041A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-08-25 | 拓荆科技(上海)有限公司 | Gas distribution device |
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Application publication date: 20120919 |