CN102678345A - Method and device for braking engine by using valve bridge - Google Patents
Method and device for braking engine by using valve bridge Download PDFInfo
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- CN102678345A CN102678345A CN2011100627974A CN201110062797A CN102678345A CN 102678345 A CN102678345 A CN 102678345A CN 2011100627974 A CN2011100627974 A CN 2011100627974A CN 201110062797 A CN201110062797 A CN 201110062797A CN 102678345 A CN102678345 A CN 102678345A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for braking an engine by using a valve bridge. The device comprises a braking driving mechanism, a braking cam, a valve lift resetting mechanism, an anti-impact mechanism and an overload pressure relief mechanism, wherein the braking driving mechanism comprises at least one braking piston slidably arranged in a piston hole of the valve bridge; the braking cam is integrated with the conventional cam of the engine and comprises the expanded conventional boss and at least one braking boss; the valve lift resetting mechanism resets an expanded main valve lift curve to the conventional valve lift curve on the top of the expanded conventional boss; the anti-impact mechanism prevents a valve driving chain from being unfollowed or impacted; and the overload pressure relief mechanism ensures that a load applied to the valve bridge braking device does not exceed a predetermined value. Multiple functions are integrated into the conventional valve driving chain of the engine, so that the device has a compact structure, the weight and height of the engine are reduced, the engine braking device is simplified, and the operation safety and reliability of the engine are increased.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to mechanical field, relate in particular to the valve actuation field of vehicle motor, particularly a kind of method and apparatus that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking.
Background technique:
In the prior art, the engine braking technology is widely known by the people.Temporarily convert motor into compressor and just can realize engine braking.In transfer process, cut off fuel oil; When the approaching end of engine piston compression stroke, open exhaust valve; Allowing to be compressed gas (being air during braking) discharges; The motor energy that pressurized gas absorbed in compression stroke can not turn back to engine piston at expansion stroke subsequently, but dissipate through the exhaust and the radiation system of motor.Final result is effective engine braking, slows down the speed of vehicle.
A precedent of engine braking apparatus be by comings (Cummins) in nineteen sixty-five at U.S. Patent number 3,220, the 392 hydraulic compressed release breaks that disclose.Engine brake in this technology is delivered to the exhaust valve that will open through oil hydraulic circuit with the machinery input.Be usually included in reciprocating main piston in the master piston bore on the oil hydraulic circuit, this to-and-fro motion comes from the Engine Mechanical input, such as the motion of the motion of motor injection cam or adjacent exhaust cam.The hydraulic fluid that moves through of main piston is delivered to the sub-piston on the oil hydraulic circuit, makes its to-and-fro motion in slave piston bore, and sub-piston acts on the exhaust valve directly or indirectly, produces the valve motion of engine braking running.
A precedent of valve bridge braking device be by Calvi (Calvin) in 1970 at U.S. Patent number 3,520,287 disclose.Whole valve bridge is enclosed within on the central guide rod.There are braking oil duct and control valve in guide rod inside.Guide rod top is as a brake piston, and the valve bridge slides along brake piston through its inner piston hole.The shortcoming of this device is bigger relative movement to be arranged all the time, reliability and poor durability between the piston hole of brake piston and valve bridge.
Valve bridge arrestment mechanism that has improved by this cola (Sickler) in 1986 at U.S. Patent number 4,572,114 disclose.The brake piston of a special use is placed in the piston hole of opening on the valve bridge mediad, and the relative movement between brake piston and the valve bridge is reduced greatly.This valve bridge arrestment mechanism is used for four stroke engine, discharges braking but each cycle period produces twice compression.This valve bridge braking device does not show that valve rises replacement mechanism and overload pressure relief means thereon.
The U.S. all can win company (JVS) and rise replacement mechanism for Korea S's modern (Hyundai) truck company design and the valve bridge braking device (referring to U.S. Patent Publication US 20050211206 and US 20070175441) made have increased valve on the basis of this laughable valve bridge arrestment mechanism recently.But this valve rises the part of replacement mechanism in the valve bridge, and another part is installed, transports and debug all inconvenient on motor.In addition, the protecting against shock spring of this valve bridge braking device places between motor and the rocking arm, and rocking arm is biased on the brake piston, presses to the valve bridge.Make and between the overhead cam of motor and cam follower wheel, produce a gap.This gap is more much bigger than normal valve clearance, has increased the trend of not following or impacting between the valve train parts.This protecting against shock spring must satisfy two conflicting requirements simultaneously.The first, the strength of spring must be enough greatly, makes when braking system is closed, though motor under the maximum speed state, the valve actuation chain does not have does not yet follow or impacts; The second, the strength of spring must be enough little, makes that when braking system was opened, oil pressure can overcome this spring force, and brake piston and even rocking arm are lifted in the lump, eliminates the gap between cam and the cam follower wheel, makes that break is able to open.Because the spring force that acts on the brake piston is very big, and delivery rate is slowed down, and causes braking system when the high-engine rotating speed, to start and can not start slowly even fully.Therefore, the selection of spring size must be done a compromise.The rotary inertia that is when engine valve is too big, and such as push rod engine, this compromise is often undesirable, even maybe.Also has the valve bridge braking device pressure relief means thereon that also do not overload.It is worthy of note that the load of hydraulic compressed release engine brake when opening the bivalve braking is very high.The pressure relief means thereon that do not overload is not a safety design, may influence the reliability and the durability of motor.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the valve bridge to produce engine braking, the described this method of utilizing the valve bridge to produce engine braking will solve integrated engine braking device exists in the existing technology safety inadequately, shipment and inconvenient debugging and complex structure, engine braking starts the difficult technologies problem.
This method of utilizing the valve bridge to produce engine braking of the present invention comprises a process of utilizing the exhaust valve chain unlatching exhaust valve of motor, and described exhaust valve chain comprises cam, rocking arm and valve bridge; Be integrated with the conventional cam of brake cam and motor on the described cam, contain the conventional boss and at least one braking boss of increasing on the cam, be provided with the hydraulic pressure runner in described rocking arm and the valve bridge; Be provided with brake piston in the valve bridge, described brake piston is connected with described hydraulic pressure runner, wherein; Open in the process of exhaust valve at the described exhaust valve chain of motor that utilizes,, brake piston is placed extended position through to the voltage supply of hydraulic pressure runner; Between brake piston and valve bridge, forming hydraulic pressure links; Move through rocking arm, brake piston, hydraulic pressure link and the valve bridge of cam are passed at least one exhaust valve, simultaneously, a replacement valve is set in the valve bridge; Described replacement valve is connected with a replacement runner in being arranged on the valve bridge; Described replacement runner is connected with described hydraulic pressure runner, utilizes the variation of distance between rocking arm and the valve bridge to come opening and closing replacement valve, when the valve of engine exhaust port rises the entering tip position; Open the replacement valve; Discharge the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure runner through the replacement runner, make the extended position of brake piston in the valve bridge return a gap, remove a part of transmission of movement between cam and the engine exhaust port to retracted position; Dwindle the valve liter of the exhaust valve that the conventional boss by described increasing generates; And in the valve of engine exhaust port rises through the process of returning behind the maximum position, utilize resetting of replacement valve to keep voltage supply in the hydraulic pressure runner, make brake piston place extended position again; Recover the transmission of movement between cam and the engine exhaust port; Between rocking arm and the valve bridge or between valve bridge and the exhaust valve or between valve bridge and the brake piston spring is being set, is utilizing described spring to keep the gap that retracted position and extended position by brake piston cause in exhaust valve chain inside, eliminating the exhaust valve chain and produce and do not follow and impact.
Further; The conventional valve of the increasing that the conventional boss of described increasing generates rises curve and is made up of bottom and top; It is high near together that the brake valve that described bottom and described braking boss generate rises curve, and described top rises near identical with the conventional valve that the conventional boss of motor generates.
Further, the described exhaust valve chain that utilizes motor is opened in the process of exhaust valve and may further comprise the steps:
1) open a braking control mechanism that is connected with the hydraulic pressure runner, to hydraulic pressure runner fuel feeding,
2) described brake piston is built in extended position at the piston hole of valve bridge,
3) described replacement valve closing replacement oil duct,
4) machine oil forms hydraulic pressure and links between brake piston and valve bridge,
5) cam move through rocking arm, brake piston, hydraulic pressure link and valve bridge, pass at least one exhaust valve,
6) increasing of cam the motion at conventional boss top make replacement valve open replacement oil duct emptying; Brake piston is got back to retracted position from extended position in the valve bridge; The increasing that generates by the conventional boss that has strengthened main valve rises the conventional valve that curve is reset the conventional boss generation that narrows down to motor and rises curve
7) cam rotates back into the bottom of the conventional boss that has strengthened, and the replacement valve breaks away from action of cam, closes the replacement oil duct again,
8) machine oil forms hydraulic pressure again and links between brake piston and valve bridge,
9) the braking boss of cam move through rocking arm, brake piston, hydraulic pressure link and valve bridge, pass at least one exhaust valve, produce engine braking,
10) get back to step 6, begin new cycle period, stop to hydraulic pressure runner fuel feeding up to the braking control mechanism.
Further, the described exhaust valve chain that utilizes motor is opened in the process of exhaust valve and may further comprise the steps:
1) close the braking control mechanism that is connected with the hydraulic pressure runner, stop to hydraulic pressure runner fuel feeding,
2) increasing of cam the motion at conventional boss top open the replacement valve, through replacement oil duct emptying, eliminate the hydraulic pressure that machine oil forms and link between brake piston and valve bridge, the gap of formation exhaust valve chain inside,
3) its bottom is got back at the cam top that turns over the conventional boss that has strengthened; The motion of conventional boss bottom is deflated the inner gap of a chain and absorbs, and can not be delivered to exhaust valve, and described spring is kept described gap; Eliminate inner not the following and impact of exhaust valve chain
4) cam braking in a turn boss, the motion of braking boss are deflated the inner gap of chain and absorb, and can not be delivered to exhaust valve, and described spring is kept described gap, eliminate inner not the following and impact of exhaust valve chain,
5) cam turns to the bottom of the conventional boss that has strengthened, and the motion of conventional boss bottom is deflated the inner gap of a chain and absorbs, and can not be delivered to exhaust valve, and described spring keeps described gap, eliminates inner not the following and impact of exhaust valve chain,
6) increasing of cam the motion at conventional boss top, pass to exhaust valve through rocking arm and valve bridge, the conventional valve that produces exhaust valve rises curve,
7) get back to step 3), begin new cycle period, open up to the braking control mechanism.
The present invention also provides a kind of device that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking; The described this device that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking comprises the valve actuation chain that is used to produce the conventional running of motor, and described valve actuation chain comprises cam, rocking arm, valve bridge and two exhaust valves, is integrated with the conventional cam of brake cam and motor on the described cam; The conventional boss and at least one braking boss that contain increasing on the cam; Be provided with the hydraulic pressure runner in described rocking arm and the valve bridge, comprise that also braking control mechanism, braking drive organ, protecting against shock mechanism and valve rise replacement mechanism, wherein; Described braking control mechanism is connected with described hydraulic pressure runner; Described braking drive organ comprises the brake piston that is arranged in the valve bridge, and described brake piston is connected with described hydraulic pressure runner, slides between a described brake piston off position and operating position in the piston hole of valve bridge; Described off position and operating position have a gap in described valve actuation chain inside; Described protecting against shock mechanism by be arranged between rocking arm and the valve bridge or between valve bridge and the exhaust valve or the spring between valve bridge and the brake piston constitute, described valve rises replacement mechanism and is arranged between described rocking arm and the valve bridge, described valve rise replacement mechanism comprise one be arranged in the valve bridge the replacement valve be arranged on the replacement oil duct in the valve bridge; Described replacement valve contains fuel feeding position and oil extraction position; In described fuel feeding position, replacement valve closing replacement oil duct is in described oil extraction position; Replacement valve open replacement oil duct, the distance interlock between described replacement valve and rocking arm and the valve bridge.
Further; The main valve of the increasing that the conventional boss of described increasing generates rises curve and is made up of bottom and top; The main valve of described increasing rises brake valve that bottom and the described braking boss of curve generate and rises curve near with high, and it is approaching identical that the top that the main valve of increasing rises curve and the conventional valve of the conventional boss generation of motor rise curve.
Further, be provided with an one-way valve in the described hydraulic pressure runner, described one-way valve is between braking control mechanism and brake piston.
Further, be provided with an overload pressure relief means thereon in the described valve bridge, described overload pressure relief means thereon comprises the overload pressure-relief valve, and the overload pressure relief means thereon is communicated with the hydraulic pressure runner.
Working principle of the present invention is: when the needs engine braking; Just need motor when normal working is converted to the engine braking state; The braking control mechanism of motor is open-minded, to braking drive organ low-pressure oil (lubricant oil of motor) is provided.Machine oil flows to brake piston through fluid networking and one-way valve, and oil body forms the hydraulic pressure link between brake piston and valve bridge.Brake cam move through rocking arm, brake piston, hydraulic pressure link and valve bridge, pass at least two exhaust valves, produce the compression-release engine braking.When the valve of braking exhaust valve rises the entering tip position; Open the replacement valve, discharge the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure runner, make the extended position of brake piston in the valve bridge return a gap to retracted position through the replacement runner; Remove a part of transmission of movement between cam and the engine exhaust port; Dwindle the valve liter of the exhaust valve that generates by the conventional boss that strengthens, and in the valve of engine exhaust port rises through the process of returning behind the maximum position, utilize resetting of replacement valve to keep voltage supply in the hydraulic pressure runner; Make brake piston place extended position again, recover the transmission of movement between cam and the engine exhaust port.When not needing engine braking, the braking control mechanism of motor cuts out, and stops to the braking drive organ fuel feeding.Valve rises replacement mechanism and in the cycle period of each engine braking, all can the replacement oil duct be opened; Oil body between brake piston and the valve bridge is laid down; Form the inner gap of valve actuation chain; Make the motion of brake cam can't be delivered to exhaust valve, the braking running of motor is disengaged, and gets back to conventional running.Described protecting against shock mechanism keeps the inner gap of valve actuation chain, prevents that the valve actuation chain from producing not follow and impact.One-way valve only allows to brake machine oil folk prescription that control mechanism provides to flowing to brake piston.The load of overload pressure-relief valve guarantee effect on brake piston is no more than predetermined value.
The present invention compares with prior art, and its effect is actively with tangible.It is inner that the present invention is integrated in the existing valve actuation chain of motor with multiple function, and compact structure has reduced the weight and the height of motor, has simplified engine braking apparatus, has increased the safety and the reliability of engine operation.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is first embodiment who utilizes the valve bridge to produce the device of engine braking among the present invention is in the off-position at engine brake a schematic representation.
Fig. 2 is first embodiment who utilizes the valve bridge to produce the device of engine braking among the present invention is in " opening " position at engine brake a schematic representation.
Fig. 3 is the schematic representation that the braking control mechanism among the present invention is in " opening " position.
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation that the braking control mechanism among the present invention is in the off-position.
Fig. 5 is the conventional valve motion curve of the engine exhaust port among the present invention and the schematic representation of engine braking valve motion curve.
Fig. 6 is second embodiment who utilizes the valve bridge to produce the device of engine braking among the present invention is in the off-position at engine brake a schematic representation.
Fig. 7 is second embodiment who utilizes the valve bridge to produce the device of engine braking among the present invention is in " opening " position at engine brake a schematic representation.
Fig. 8 is the 3rd embodiment's of the device that utilizes valve bridge generation engine braking among the present invention a schematic representation.
Fig. 9 is the 4th embodiment who utilizes the valve bridge to produce the device of engine braking among the present invention is in the off-position at engine brake a schematic representation.
Figure 10 is the 4th embodiment who utilizes the valve bridge to produce the device of engine braking among the present invention is in " opening " position at engine brake a schematic representation.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, first embodiment who utilizes the device that the valve bridge produces engine braking of the present invention is respectively in its " pass " and " opening " position.The driving mechanism 100, exhaust valve actuator 200 and the exhaust valve 300 that comprise engine braking among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have comprised exhaust valve 3001 and exhaust valve 3002 in the exhaust valve 300.Owing to adopt a rocking arm 210 to drive bivalve or exhaust valve 300 among the embodiment, need to add valve bridge or air valve bridge 400.Exhaust valve actuator 200, exhaust valve 300 and valve bridge 400 threes add and are commonly referred to as the exhaust valve chain together.
The device that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking of the present invention also comprises protecting against shock mechanism.The preloading spring 198 of protecting against shock mechanism acts between valve bridge 400 and the valve 300, valve bridge 400 upwards is biased in resemble on the foot pad 114.The centre of preloading spring 198 is positioned on the valve bridge 400 by screw 179, and two is positioned on the valve spring back-up ring 3021 and valve spring back-up ring 3022 that is fixed on the two valve valve rods.
The brake piston that proposes among U.S. Patent Application Publication US 20050211206 and the US 20070175441 bears the active force of the preloading spring of protecting against shock mechanism, needs higher oil pressure to overcome the active force of preloading spring, and ato unit is braked.And the brake piston 160 among the present invention does not bear any active force of preloading spring 198.The design of preloading spring 198 only needs to consider the rotary inertia of valve actuation chain or do not follow that initial tension of spring does not receive the restriction of the startup oil pressure of brake piston 160.So protecting against shock of the present invention mechanism both can keep the inner gap 234 of valve actuation chain, prevent that the valve actuation chain from producing not follow and impact, do not hinder the startup of braking drive organ 100 again.The brake response speed of utilizing the device that the valve bridge produces engine braking of the present invention is fast (reduce starting time) more, application area wider (overhead-cam and push rod engine can).
As shown in Figure 3, when the needs engine braking, the braking control mechanism is opened, and solenoid valve 51 provides low-pressure oil (lubricant oil of motor) through the braking drive organ 100 of brake fluid networking in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.The brake fluid networking is contained groove or otch 213 and the oil duct 214 in oil duct 211 and radial hole 212, the rocking arm 210 in the pitman arm shaft 205 and is led to the oil duct 115 in the pressure ball bar 113 that resembles foot pad 114.172 on one-way valve in the valve bridge 400 allows the machine oil folk prescription to flowing to brake piston 160 through high-pressure oil duct 412.Oil pressure has moved on to the operating position among Fig. 2 with the off position of brake piston 160 from Fig. 1, has shifted the oil extraction position of replacement piston 170 from Fig. 1 onto among Fig. 2 fuel feeding position simultaneously.Oil stream has formed hydraulic pressure and has linked between brake piston 160 and valve bridge 400.When cam 230 rotations; The whole motion of cam; The motion that comprises small boss 232 and small boss 233 can both pass to exhaust valve 300 through the hydraulic pressure link; Because brake piston 160 is risen replacement mechanism 150 hydraulic pressure by one-way valve 172 and valve and is locked at " opening " position shown in Figure 2, just the braking operating state of motor.
The device that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking of the present invention also comprises and is installed in the valve bridge 400 and the overload pressure relief means thereon that communicates with hole 412.The overload pressure-relief valve 1721 of overload pressure relief means thereon is a kind of pressure control valve, is in closed condition usually.When having only hydraulic pressure on acting on brake piston 160 to be higher than a certain predetermined value, overload pressure-relief valve 1721 just can be opened, in case overload.Said hydraulic pressure pwc definite value is mainly determined by the load limitation of valve actuation chain and braking drive organ 100.
Valve among the present invention rises replacement mechanism 150 and is used for when engine braking operates, revise by strengthen increasing that boss 220 produces main valve rise curve.Valve rises replacement mechanism 150 and comprises the replacement piston 170 and replacement oil duct 415 that is positioned at valve bridge 400.The area of passage of replacement oil duct 415 is much smaller than the area of passage of oil-feed.Replacement piston 170 can move between oil extraction position and fuel feeding position.In the oil extraction position (Fig. 1), replacement piston 170 moves down, and replacement oil duct 415 is opened, and oil stream is discharged in high-pressure oil duct 412, and brake piston 160 moves on to off position from operating position; In the fuel feeding position (Fig. 2), replacement piston 170 moves under the oil pressure effect, closes replacement oil duct 415.Machine oil by braking control mechanism 50 provides through brake fluid networking, one-way valve 172 and high-pressure oil duct 412, flows to brake piston 160, makes it move on to operating position from off position.
Valve rises replacement mechanism 150 and also comprises by nut 1052 and be fixed on the adjusting screw 1102 on the extension 2102 of rocking arm 210.Extension 2102 also can be an independent part that is fastened on the rocking arm 210.Adjusting screw 1102 is positioned on the replacement piston 170, in order to regulate replacement distance 1312 between the two.Replacement piston 170 is because its deadweight (can add shock mount if desired) down is biased in oil extraction position (Fig. 1) when the conventional running of motor.When cam 230 rotations, replacement piston 170 is along with down translation of valve bridge 400, and adjusting screw 1102 is then rotated with rocking arm 210, and replacement distance 1312 between the two diminishes.The design of the distance 1312 of resetting makes when replacement piston 170 is in the oil extraction position (Fig. 1), in whole cam 230 period of rotation, can not contact adjusting screw 1102.When motor is in the braking running (Fig. 2), oil pressure up pushes over the fuel feeding position with replacement piston 170 from the oil extraction position, and the distance 1312 of resetting diminishes.When the increasing boss of cam 230 220 promotes valve bridges 400 with exhaust valve 300 during downwards near extreme lower position when maximum (valve rise near); Adjusting screw 1102 pushes away replacement piston 170 downwards; Push the oil extraction position to from the fuel feeding position; Open 415 oil extractions of replacement oil duct, eliminate brake piston 160 and link with hydraulic pressure between the valve bridge 400, the main valve that has made by the increasing of the conventional boss generation that has strengthened rises the conventional valve that curve is reset the conventional boss generation that narrows down to motor and rises curve.
In case cam 230 turns over the peak that strengthens boss 220, rocking arm 210 inhour rotations, adjusting screw 1102 with on move, valve bridge 400 also translation gos up, the distance of resetting 1312 becomes big.Replacement piston 170 in the valve bridge 400 rises under the oil pressure effect, becomes the fuel feeding position from the oil extraction position.Brake piston 160 is retracted operating position from off position, forms brake piston 160 again and links with hydraulic pressure between the valve bridge 400, and the motion of braking small boss 232 and small boss 233 is passed to exhaust valve 300 perfectly.So braking period, circulation repeatedly is till braking control mechanism 50 cuts out (Fig. 4).At this moment, braking control mechanism 50 emptyings (three-way magnetic valve 51) or fuel cut-off (two-way electromagnetic valve); Valve rise replacement mechanism 150 in each engine cycle emptying once, the oil that sheds can not get replenishing, brake piston 160 links with hydraulic pressure between the valve bridge 400 and is eliminated; The inner gap 234 of valve actuation chain forms again; Brake the motion of small boss 232 and 233 and skipped, can not be delivered to exhaust valve 300, the braking running of motor is disengaged; Get back to off-position shown in Figure 1, just the conventional operating state of motor.
Therefore, because the present invention has adopted valve to rise replacement mechanism 150, the two-position three way magnetic valve 51 in the braking control mechanism 50 among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 can be reduced to two-way electromagnetic valve.That is to say, only need oil inlet hole 111, need not unload oilhole 222.
Fig. 5 is conventional valve motion curve and the schematic representation of engine braking valve motion curve among the present invention.Exhaust valve lift curve among the figure further describes embodiment 1.One has three kinds of main valves and rises curve among the figure:
1. the conventional valve that is used for routine (igniting) running of motor rises curve 220m.The starting point that conventional valve rises curve 220m is 225a, and terminal point is 225b, and its top lift is approximately 220b.
2. be used for the braking running of motor, but the increasing that obtains when not having valve to rise replacement mechanism main valve rise curve 220v (comprising that brake valve rises curve 232v and 233v).The starting point that the main valve that has strengthened rises curve 220v is 225d, and terminal point is 225c, and its top lift is 220a and 220b sum.Valve rises curve and between 0～720 °, circulates, and 0 ° and 720 ° is same point.
3. be used for the braking running of motor, and have the replacement formula valve that obtains when valve rises replacement mechanism and rise curve (heavy line among the figure).The starting point that replacement formula valve rises curve is 225d, and terminal point is 225b, and its top lift is 220b.So replacement formula valve rises main valve that curve ratio strengthened and rises curve 220v and cut out more early, lift is lower.
When the conventional running of motor; Because the gap 234 (Fig. 1 and 2) that the exhaust valve chain is inner; The bottom of cam 230 (comprising braking small boss 232 and 233) is skipped; Have only the top of strengthening boss 220 (being higher than braking small boss 232 and 233 part) to be delivered to air valve 300, the generation main valve rises curve 220m (Fig. 5), and to rise curve identical with routine (the not being with engine brake) valve of motor.Strengthen increasing that boss 220 produces main valve rise the bottom 220a of curve 220v and the transition point of top 220b is 220t.The height 232p of bottom 220a rises 232v with valve that the small boss 232 and 233 of cam is produced and 233v is identical or big slightly, and that its top 220b and main valve rise curve 220m is roughly the same.
When engine braking operated, the mechanical motion that the small boss 232 of cam and small boss 233 and big boss 220 are produced can pass to exhaust valve 300.But, the valve of engine braking running rises curve and depends on that valve rises having or not of replacement mechanism 150.If contain engine braking replacement mechanism 150 (Fig. 1 and 2); So before the some 220r that resets; When the engine braking valve rises curve and do not reset mechanism identical (Fig. 5), afterwards, valve will rise replacement point 220r on the curve 220v from the main valve that has strengthened and reduce to conventional valve and rise the some 220s on the curve 220m; Get back to valve seat (zero terminal point) at terminal point 225b at last, the terminal point 225c when not having valve to rise replacement mechanism is leading greatly.So valve rises replacement mechanism 150 during the main valve that has strengthened rises the top of curve, the main valve that has strengthened is risen curve 220v be reduced to conventional valve and rise curve 220m.So just reduced the lift of valve, avoided the collision of valve and piston, also increased braking force, reduced the temperature of cylinder internal at the top dead center position of engine piston during at 360 °.
Embodiment 2:
Like Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7, second embodiment who utilizes the device that the valve bridge produces engine braking of the present invention is respectively in its " pass " and " opening " position.The motor here is an overhead-cam, does not therefore have push rod or ejector sleeve, and the adjusting screw 110 of exhaust valve clearance is contained in the one side by valve bridge 400.Braking drive organ 100 is also different with first embodiment, has only a brake piston 160, is positioned at the piston hole 190 of valve bridge 400 mediad upper sheds.The preloading spring 198 of protecting against shock mechanism acts between brake piston 160 and the valve bridge 400, with brake piston 160 biasings upwards, directly leans and is resembling sufficient the pad on 114.One-way valve 172 is positioned at the inside of brake piston 160, be biased in by spring 156 brake piston oil inlet hole 197 below.
When the needs engine braking, the braking control mechanism is opened (Fig. 3), and solenoid valve 51 passes through the brake fluid networking to braking drive organ 100 (Fig. 6 and 7) fuel feeding.Oil pressure overcomes the pretightening force of spring 156, and one-way valve 172 is opened, and oil flows between brake piston 160 and the valve bridge 400.Simultaneously, (Fig. 6) up pushes over fuel feeding position (Fig. 7) to oil pressure from the oil extraction position with replacement piston 170, closes replacement oil duct 415, and machine oil forms hydraulic pressure and links between brake piston 160 and valve bridge 400.When cam 230 rotations, the whole motion of cam 230 comprises that the motion of small boss 232 and small boss 233 can both pass to exhaust valve 300 through the hydraulic pressure link, produces engine braking.
It is identical with embodiment 1 with the overload pressure relief means thereon that the valve of present embodiment rises replacement mechanism 150, to its structure and working principle, for for simplicity, no longer carefully states at this.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 8, protecting against shock mechanism, valve are risen replacement mechanism 150 to the 3rd embodiment who utilizes the device that the valve bridge produces engine braking of the present invention and the pressure relief means thereon that overloads integrates.The preloading spring 198 of protecting against shock mechanism (demonstration be leaf spring; Also can be spiral or other spring) act between rocking arm 210 and the valve bridge 400; The one of which end is fixed on the rocking arm 210 by screw 179, and the other end is pressed on the release valve ball 170 of pressure relief means thereon.The effect of preloading spring 198 is to keep the inner gap 234 of valve actuation chain, prevents that the valve actuation chain from producing not follow and impact.Here the preloading spring 198 of protecting against shock mechanism is again simultaneously the back lash spring of overload pressure relief means thereon, and the release valve ball 170 of overload pressure relief means thereon is the replacement valve ball that valve rises replacement mechanism 150 simultaneously.
When the needs engine braking, the braking control mechanism is opened (Fig. 3), and solenoid valve 51 passes through the brake fluid networking to braking drive organ 100 (Fig. 8) fuel feeding.Oil pressure overcomes the pretightening force of spring 156, and one-way valve 172 is opened, and oil flows in the brake piston hole 190, and machine oil forms hydraulic pressure and links between brake piston 160 and valve bridge 400.When cam 230 rotations, the whole motion of cam 230 comprises that the motion of braking small boss 232 and small boss 233 can both pass to exhaust valve 300 through the hydraulic pressure link, produces engine braking.
When the load that acts on the brake piston 160; When just braking oil pressure surpasses the predetermined value of setting; Oil pressure active force on the release valve ball (replacement valve ball) 170 will upwards push away release valve ball 170 above the pretightening force of back lash spring (preloading spring) 198, lifts off a seat; Open the decompression of release oil duct (replacement oil duct) 415 emptyings, thereby the load of guarantee effect on brake piston is no more than predetermined value.
It is also different that the valve of present embodiment rises the working procedure of replacement mechanism 150.When cam 230 rotations, replacement valve ball (release valve ball) 170 then rotates with rocking arm 210 with the preloading spring 198 that fixes on the rocking arm 210 along with down translation of valve bridge 400, and distance between the two becomes big.(valve rises when maximum with exhaust valve 300 during downwards near extreme lower position when the increasing boss of cam 230 220 promotes valve bridges 400; The replacement point 220r of Fig. 5); Preloading spring 198 will leave replacement valve ball 170; Move away valve seat on the replacement valve ball 170, open 415 oil extractions of replacement oil duct, brake piston 160 changes to retracted position from extended position in valve bridge 400; Eliminate brake piston 160 and link with hydraulic pressure between the valve bridge 400, the main valve that has made by the increasing of the conventional boss generation that has strengthened rises the conventional valve that curve 220v is reset the conventional boss generation that narrows down to motor and rises curve 220m (Fig. 5).
In case cam 230 turns over the peak that strengthens boss 220, rocking arm 210 beginning inhour rotations, preloading spring 198 with on move, valve bridge 400 also translation gos up, distance between the two diminishes.Preloading spring 198 pushes back valve seat with replacement valve ball 170, closes replacement oil duct 415.Oil stream gets in the brake piston hole 190 from one-way valve 172; Brake piston 160 is got back to extended position from retracted position in valve bridge 400; Between brake piston 160 and valve bridge 400, form hydraulic pressure and link, the motion of braking small boss 232 and 233 is with pass to exhaust valve 300 perfectly.So braking period, circulation repeatedly is till braking control mechanism 50 cuts out (Fig. 4).
Embodiment 4:
Like Fig. 9 and shown in Figure 10, the 4th embodiment who utilizes the device that the valve bridge produces engine braking of the present invention is respectively in its " pass " and " opening " position.Present embodiment is when engine braking, and the motion of brake cam only passes to an exhaust valve 3001 near pitman arm shaft 205 1 sides.The brake piston 160 of braking drive organ 100 is positioned at the piston hole of valve bridge 400 left ends, between off position (Fig. 9) and operating position (Figure 10), slides.Off position and operating position form a gap 2342 (Figure 10) between brake piston 160 and valve bridge 400, require simultaneously in the inner gap 234 that forms of valve actuation chain.Brake piston 160 is usually by being fixed on brake spring 177 biased downward on the valve bridge 400 at the inner off position (Fig. 9) of valve bridge.The stroke of brake piston 160 is by snap ring 176 restrictions.The valve clearance 132 (Fig. 9) of braking exhaust valve 3001 is by 1103 controls of braking valve clearance adjusting screw.Braking valve clearance adjusting screw 1103 is fixed tightly on the rocking arm 210 by nut 1053.There is braking to resemble foot pad 1142 below the adjusting screw, acts on above the brake piston 160.One-way valve 172 is positioned at the oil duct 410 of valve bridge 400.
The preloading spring 198 of protecting against shock mechanism acts between rocking arm 210 and the valve bridge 400, and the upper end of spring leans rocking arm 210, and the lower end is positioned on the spring seat 176 that is placed on the valve bridge 400.Spring seat 176 also serves as the stroke positive stop of replacement piston 170 simultaneously.The effect of preloading spring 198 is to keep the inner gap 234 of valve actuation chain, prevents that the valve actuation chain from producing not follow and impact.Here the preloading spring 198 of protecting against shock mechanism is again simultaneously the back lash spring of overload pressure relief means thereon, and the release piston 170 of overload pressure relief means thereon is the replacement piston that valve rises replacement mechanism 150 simultaneously.
When the needs engine braking, the braking control mechanism is opened (Fig. 3), and solenoid valve 51 passes through the brake fluid networking to braking drive organ 100 (Fig. 8) fuel feeding.Oil stream gets into high-pressure oil duct 412 through one-way valve 172.(Fig. 9) up shifts fuel feeding position (Figure 10) onto to oil pressure from the oil extraction position with replacement piston (release piston) 170, and cut-off valve rises replacement oil duct 415.Meanwhile, oil pressure overcomes the active force of brake spring 177, up shifts brake piston 160 onto operating position (Figure 10) from off position (Fig. 9), and machine oil forms hydraulic pressure and links between brake piston 160 and valve bridge 400.When cam 230 rotations, the whole motion of cam 230 comprises that the motion of braking small boss 232 and small boss 233 can both pass to exhaust valve 3001 through the hydraulic pressure link, produces engine braking.
When the load that acts on the brake piston 160; When just braking oil pressure surpasses the predetermined value of setting; Oil pressure active force on the release piston (replacement piston) 170 will be above the pretightening force of back lash spring (preloading spring) 198; Release piston 170 is further upwards pushed away (spring seat 176 is also up pushed away), open the decompression of release oil duct (replacement oil duct) 415 emptyings, thereby the load of guarantee effect on brake piston is no more than predetermined value.
It is similar with embodiment 2 with embodiment 1 that the valve of present embodiment rises the structure of replacement mechanism 150, but working principle is different.When cam 230 rotations, rocking arm 210 clockwise rotates, down translation of valve bridge 400.At the end near pitman arm shaft 205, like the position of braking adjusting screw 1103, the distance between rocking arm 210 and the valve bridge 400 becomes big; And at the end away from pitman arm shaft 205, like the position of replacement adjusting screw 1102, the distance between rocking arm 210 and the valve bridge 400 diminishes.
After the increasing boss 220 promotion valve bridges 400 of cam 230 rose the top (220b of Fig. 5) of curve with exhaust valve 300 downward its valves of entering, pressure ball bar 112 was upwards mobile in exhaust valve clearance adjusting screw 110, eliminates gap 234, and closes oil supply gallery 113.That strengthens boss 220 moves through rocking arm 210, pressure ball bar 112 and valve bridge 400, passes to two valves 300 simultaneously.Meanwhile, the replacement distance 1312 between replacement adjusting screw 1102 and the replacement piston 170 reduces.Adjusting screw 1102 will promote replacement piston 170 downwards, open 415 oil extractions of replacement oil duct.Brake piston 160 does not have oil pressure, under the effect of brake spring 177 from operating position to moving down into off position.Temporarily having eliminated brake piston 160 links with hydraulic pressure between the valve bridge 400.The link of this hydraulic pressure will just can rebulid (seeing following detailed description) when exhaust valve 300 is got back to the bottom (220a of Fig. 5) that its valve rises curve.Therefore; Braking valve exhaust valve 3001 can not receive the effect of braking drive organ 100 (brake piston 160) descending in the process of taking a seat, and its valve rises curve and is reset to conventional valve from 220v and rises curve 220m; Shut-in time (220b of Fig. 5) in advance, and is low in the valve up-down of top dead center.
When cam 230 turns over the peak that strengthens boss 220, rocking arm 210 beginning inhour rotations, replacement adjusting screw 1102 with on move, valve bridge 400 also translation gos up.Replacement distance 1312 between replacement adjusting screw 1102 and the replacement piston 170 increases.When exhaust valve 300 upwards gets into bottom (220a of Fig. 5) that its valve rises curve near valve seat; Pressure ball bar 112 is (because oil pressure in exhaust valve clearance adjusting screw 110; Also can increase spring like needs) move down, produce gap 234, and open oil supply gallery 113 again.Oil stream gets into high-pressure oil duct 412 through one-way valve 172.(Fig. 9) up back into fuel feeding position (Figure 10) to oil pressure from the oil extraction position with replacement piston 170, and cut-off valve rises replacement oil duct 415.Meanwhile, oil pressure overcomes the active force of brake spring 177, and brake piston 160 is up back into operating position (Figure 10) from off position (Fig. 9), and machine oil forms hydraulic pressure again and links between brake piston 160 and valve bridge 400.225b and time period 225d between of whole recovery process in Fig. 5 accomplishes.So the motion of braking small boss 232 and small boss 233 can pass to exhaust valve 3001 perfectly.So braking period, circulation repeatedly is till braking control mechanism 50 cuts out (Fig. 4).
Above-mentioned explanation has comprised many concrete mode of executions, and this should not be regarded as limitation of the scope of the invention, but as representative concrete illustrations more of the present invention, many other differentiation all might therefrom produce.For instance, the preloading spring 198 of the protecting against shock that shows here can adopt different forms with brake spring 177 grades, like leaf spring, and helical spring, ripple spring and dish spring etc.; The mounting point of spring also can with show here different.。
Also have; The replacement valve that valve rises replacement mechanism 150 can adopt different forms; Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the lifting type plunger valve that forms by replacement piston 170 among Fig. 6 and Fig. 7; The lifting type ball valve that forms by replacement valve ball 170 among Fig. 8 (also can be the lifting type column valve), and the sliding type plunger valve that forms by replacement piston 170 among Fig. 9 and Figure 10 etc.If desired, these replacement valves can exchange use.
In addition, braking drive organ also can be solid chain type load bearing mechanism except the hydraulic type load bearing mechanism that shows here.
Therefore, scope of the present invention should not decided by above-mentioned concrete illustration, but is decided by claim.
Claims (8)
1. a method of utilizing the valve bridge to produce engine braking comprises a process of utilizing the exhaust valve chain unlatching exhaust valve of motor, and described exhaust valve chain comprises cam, rocking arm and valve bridge; Be integrated with the conventional cam of brake cam and motor on the described cam, contain the conventional boss and at least one braking boss of increasing on the cam, be provided with the hydraulic pressure runner in described rocking arm and the valve bridge; Be provided with brake piston in the valve bridge, described brake piston is connected with described hydraulic pressure runner, it is characterized in that: open in the process of exhaust valve at the described exhaust valve chain of motor that utilizes; Through to the voltage supply of hydraulic pressure runner; Brake piston is placed extended position, between brake piston and valve bridge, forms hydraulic pressure and link, with cam move through rocking arm, brake piston, hydraulic pressure links and the valve bridge passes at least one exhaust valve; Simultaneously; A replacement valve is set in the valve bridge, described replacement valve is connected with a replacement runner in being arranged on the valve bridge, described replacement runner is connected with described hydraulic pressure runner; Utilize the variation of distance between rocking arm and the valve bridge to come opening and closing replacement valve; When the valve of engine exhaust port rises the entering tip position, open the replacement valve, discharge the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic pressure runner through the replacement runner; Make the extended position of brake piston in the valve bridge return a gap to retracted position; Remove a part of transmission of movement between cam and the engine exhaust port, dwindle the valve liter of the exhaust valve that the conventional boss by described increasing generates, and in the valve of engine exhaust port rises through the process of returning behind the maximum position; Utilize resetting of replacement valve to keep voltage supply in the hydraulic pressure runner; Make brake piston place extended position again, recover the transmission of movement between cam and the engine exhaust port, a spring is being set between rocking arm and the valve bridge or between valve bridge and the exhaust valve or between valve bridge and the brake piston; Utilize described spring to keep the gap that retracted position and extended position by brake piston cause in exhaust valve chain inside, eliminate inner not the following and impact of exhaust valve chain.
2. the method for utilizing the valve bridge to produce engine braking as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the conventional valve of the increasing that the conventional boss of described increasing generates rises curve and is made up of bottom and top; It is high near together that the brake valve that described bottom and described braking boss generate rises curve, and described top rises near identical with the conventional valve that the conventional boss of motor generates.
3. utilize the valve bridge to produce the method for engine braking like claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described exhaust valve chain that utilizes motor is opened in the process of exhaust valve and may further comprise the steps:
1) open a braking control mechanism that is connected with the hydraulic pressure runner, to hydraulic pressure runner fuel feeding,
2) described brake piston is built in extended position at the piston hole of valve bridge,
3) described replacement valve closing replacement oil duct,
4) machine oil forms hydraulic pressure and links between brake piston and valve bridge,
5) cam move through rocking arm, brake piston, hydraulic pressure link and valve bridge, pass at least one exhaust valve,
6) increasing of cam the motion at conventional boss top make replacement valve open replacement oil duct emptying; Brake piston moves on to retracted position from extended position in the valve bridge; The increasing that generates by the conventional boss that has strengthened main valve rises the conventional valve that curve is reset the conventional boss generation that narrows down to motor and rises curve
7) cam rotates back into the bottom of the conventional boss that has strengthened, and the replacement valve breaks away from action of cam, closes the replacement oil duct again,
8) machine oil forms hydraulic pressure again and links between brake piston and valve bridge,
9) the braking boss of cam move through rocking arm, brake piston, hydraulic pressure link and valve bridge, pass at least one exhaust valve, produce engine braking,
10) get back to step 6, begin new cycle period, stop to hydraulic pressure runner fuel feeding up to the braking control mechanism.
4. utilize the valve bridge to produce the method for engine braking like claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described exhaust valve chain that utilizes motor is opened in the process of exhaust valve and may further comprise the steps:
1) close the braking control mechanism that is connected with the hydraulic pressure runner, stop to hydraulic pressure runner fuel feeding,
2) increasing of cam the motion at conventional boss top open the replacement valve, through replacement oil duct emptying, eliminate the hydraulic pressure that machine oil forms and link between brake piston and valve bridge, the gap of formation exhaust valve chain inside,
3) its bottom is got back at the cam top that turns over the conventional boss that has strengthened; Utilize the inner gap of exhaust valve chain to absorb the motion of conventional boss bottom; Break off the transmission of movement between cam and the exhaust valve; Utilize described spring to keep the inner gap of exhaust valve chain, eliminate inner not the following and impact of exhaust valve chain
4) cam braking in a turn boss; Utilize the inner gap of exhaust valve chain to absorb the motion of braking boss, break off the transmission of movement between cam and the exhaust valve, utilize described spring to keep the inner gap of exhaust valve chain; Eliminate inner not the following and impact of exhaust valve chain
5) cam turns to the bottom of the conventional boss that has strengthened; Utilize the inner gap of exhaust valve chain to absorb the motion of conventional boss bottom; Break off the transmission of movement between cam and the exhaust valve; Utilize described spring to keep the inner gap of exhaust valve chain, eliminate inner not the following and impact of exhaust valve chain
6) increasing of cam the motion at conventional boss top, pass to exhaust valve through rocking arm and valve bridge, the conventional valve that produces exhaust valve rises curve,
7) get back to step 3), begin new cycle period, open up to the braking control mechanism.
5. device that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking; Comprise the valve actuation chain that is used to produce the conventional running of motor; Described valve actuation chain comprises cam, rocking arm, valve bridge and two exhaust valves, is integrated with the conventional cam of brake cam and motor on the described cam, contains the conventional boss and at least one braking boss of increasing on the cam; Be provided with the hydraulic pressure runner in described rocking arm and the valve bridge; Comprise that also braking control mechanism, braking drive organ, protecting against shock mechanism and valve rise replacement mechanism, it is characterized in that: described braking control mechanism is connected with described hydraulic pressure runner, and described braking drive organ comprises the brake piston that is arranged in the valve bridge; Described brake piston is connected with described hydraulic pressure runner; Slide between a described brake piston off position and operating position in the piston hole of valve bridge, described off position and operating position have a gap in described valve actuation chain inside, described protecting against shock mechanism by be arranged between rocking arm and the valve bridge or between valve bridge and the exhaust valve or the spring between valve bridge and the brake piston constitute; Described valve rises replacement mechanism and is arranged between described rocking arm and the valve bridge; Described valve rises replacement mechanism and comprises that one is arranged on the replacement valve in the valve bridge and is arranged on the replacement oil duct in the valve bridge, and described replacement valve contains fuel feeding position and oil extraction position, in described fuel feeding position; Replacement valve closing replacement oil duct; In described oil extraction position, replacement valve open replacement oil duct, the distance interlock between described replacement valve and rocking arm and the valve bridge.
6. the device that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that: the main valve of the increasing that the conventional boss of described increasing generates rises curve and is made up of bottom and top; The main valve of described increasing rises brake valve that bottom and the described braking boss of curve generate and rises curve near with high, and it is approaching identical that the top that the main valve of increasing rises curve and the conventional valve of the conventional boss generation of motor rise curve.
7. the device that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: be provided with an one-way valve in the described hydraulic pressure runner, described one-way valve is between braking control mechanism and brake piston.
8. the device that utilizes the valve bridge to produce engine braking as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: be provided with an overload pressure relief means thereon in the described valve bridge, described overload pressure relief means thereon comprises the overload pressure-relief valve, and the overload pressure relief means thereon is communicated with the hydraulic pressure runner.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100627974A CN102678345A (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2011-03-16 | Method and device for braking engine by using valve bridge |
| US13/985,554 US9376941B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2011-09-05 | Method and apparatus for resetting valve lift for use in engine brake |
| EP11858763.3A EP2677127B1 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2011-09-05 | Method and apparatus for resetting valve lift for use in engine brake |
| PCT/CN2011/001505 WO2012109780A1 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2011-09-05 | Method and apparatus for resetting valve lift for use in engine brake |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100627974A CN102678345A (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2011-03-16 | Method and device for braking engine by using valve bridge |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102678345A true CN102678345A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2011100627974A Pending CN102678345A (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2011-03-16 | Method and device for braking engine by using valve bridge |
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| CN (1) | CN102678345A (en) |
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| CN106368754A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Intake valve device, air distribution system and air distribution phase switching method |
| CN106703922A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-05-24 | 光阳工业股份有限公司 | Rocker arm structure for cylinder head of engine |
| CN110173314A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-27 | 浙江大学 | A kind of air valve bridge and its exhaust brake method of achievable compression-release type engine braking |
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| CN110173314B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2023-07-18 | 浙江大学 | Valve bridge capable of realizing compression release type engine braking and exhaust braking method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120919 |