CN102676785A - Induction hardening process capable of hardening hard-alloy cast iron camshaft - Google Patents
Induction hardening process capable of hardening hard-alloy cast iron camshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN102676785A CN102676785A CN2012101896991A CN201210189699A CN102676785A CN 102676785 A CN102676785 A CN 102676785A CN 2012101896991 A CN2012101896991 A CN 2012101896991A CN 201210189699 A CN201210189699 A CN 201210189699A CN 102676785 A CN102676785 A CN 102676785A
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Abstract
The invention provides an induction hardening process capable of hardening a hard-alloy cast iron camshaft. The induction hardening process comprises the following steps of: firstly, preheating the camshaft and inductively heating the preheated camshaft to 810-850DEG C at the heating speed of 60-70DEG C/second; secondly, inductively heating the preheated camshaft to 900-940DEG C at the heating speed of 60-70DEG C/second; hardening the camshaft by adopting compressed air for 35-50 seconds; cooling the camshaft to 240-310DEG C, wherein the pressure of the compressed air is 0.38-0.52MPa; and finally, standing the hardened camshaft at room temperature for 50-60 minutes and finishing tempering by using residual temperature after hardening. According to the induction hardening process, the defects in the prior art are overcome and the cracking rate after process hardening can be greatly reduced on the premise that the requirement on the quenching technology is met, so that the production cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of induction hardening process of metallic substance, but particularly a kind of induction hardening process of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft belongs to mechanical manufacturing field.
Background technology
But the hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft is a moving parts important in the oil engine, and market demand is bigger, and this cast alloy iron camshaft is behind induction quenching, and its wear resistance obviously is superior to the steel part product, and therefore it being carried out induction quenching is indispensable one procedure.But answer in the quenching heat treatment process in heritage, unavoidably crackle must occur, crackle divides two kinds, and a kind of is to add thermal crack, and another kind is a quenching crack.Two kinds of crackles mainly all concentrate on the lift position of nose both sides.According to statistics; When adopting traditional technology that this camshaft is carried out induction quenching, the camshaft lift place rate of cracking is 35～40% during heating, no matter is to quench with quenching oil or with water-soluble quenching agent during quench cooled; All owing to quenching stress in process of cooling is too big; The US that has surpassed workpiece, workpiece therefore in enormous quantities quenching crack occurs and causes scrapping, and has caused very big financial loss to enterprise.According to statistics; The crackle rate 100% that produces during with shrend, the crackle rate was 30～35% when the water-soluble quenching agent of use concentration 10～15% quenched, and 10～15% quenching crack rate is also arranged with the water based quenching agent spray cooling; Though the heating back adopts air can not ftracture, and does not reach technical requirements.Therefore the scrap rate of heritage induction quenching process generation is high, has increased production cost greatly.For solving above-mentioned technical barrier, be badly in need of a kind of thermal treatment process technology targetedly.
Summary of the invention
But the invention provides a kind of induction hardening process of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft; Solved the deficiency in the above-mentioned background technology; Therefore this technology can reduce production cost greatly in the cracking rate that reduces greatly under the prerequisite that satisfies the quenching technology requirement after workpiece quenches.
Realize that the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention adopted is:
But a kind of induction hardening process of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft the steps include:
(1), camshaft is carried out preheating, with its induction heating to 810～850 ℃, heating rate is 60～70 ℃/second;
(2), with camshaft induction heating to 900～940 after the preheating ℃, heating rate is 60～70 ℃/second;
(3), adopt pressurized gas that camshaft is quenched, the cool time is 35～50 seconds, and camshaft is cooled to 240～310 ℃, the pressure of pressurized gas is 0.38～0.52MPa;
(4), the camshaft after will quenching left standstill 50～60 minutes at room temperature, the surplus temperature completion tempering after utilizing it to quench.
The middle preheating of step (1) is divided into three sections heats, and between the two neighboring sections heating interval of time-out is arranged.The concrete steps of preheating are: first section: at first with camshaft induction heating to 180～210 ℃, suspend heating 2 seconds; Second section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 550～600 ℃; The 3rd section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 810～850 ℃.
Pressurized gas is pressurized air or nitrogen in the step (3).
But the principle of work of the induction hardening process of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft provided by the invention is following: heating power is high in traditional induction hardening process, the workpiece heat-up rate is fast; But and in the hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft because the content of carbon and alloying element is high; In when casting because the asynchronism of crystallisation process; Thereby having formed with the perlite is the structure of matrix, and distributing on the matrix a large amount of flake graphites and massfraction are about 15～20% alloy carbide.Because the flake graphite stress concentration is serious; And the hardness of alloy carbide is high, fragility is big; Therefore but the graphite in this hardenable alloys cast iron, higher alloy content and non-metallic inclusion all can make the heat conductivility variation; The changes of section of adding the cam rise position is bigger, causes stress concentration easily, when thermal stresses certainly leads to crackle greater than its tensile strength.In traditional technology, in 500 ℃ of left and right sides heat-processedes, can both hear rimose sound sometimes.In order to address this problem, aspect heating, change one section of tradition and be heated to be multistage heating, heating changes four sections into, first three section heating stage casing with section between time-out is arranged, let the abundant preheating of workpiece, the 4th section is heated to quenching temperature.Adopt the heating process among the present invention, owing to delayed heat-up rate, reduced induction heating power, increased the total time of heating, none crackle in heat-processed of the cam after heating is accomplished occurs.
Adopt water or quenching oil or water-soluble quenching agent to quench in traditional induction hardening process, the cracking rate of workpiece is very high.Its former because this foundry goods heat conductivility is poor, and more, the bad plasticity of undissolved carbide wherein is when cooling off with aqueous medium; Because of cooling rate excessive; The austenite on surface cools to M s point very soon, and martensitic transformation takes place, thus volumetric expansion; And this moment, subsurface also was in the austenite plastic state, can not crack.Subsurface generation martensitic transformation when continuing cooling, volumetric expansion, the structural stress of generation begins to occur crackle greater than the tensile strength of surface martensite.Its reason still because the heat-eliminating medium cooling rate is excessive, causes the asynchronism of the cast alloy iron camshaft structural transformation of poor thermal conductivity eventually.The pressurized gas of in technology provided by the present invention, using pressure 0.4～0.5MP instead cooled off 40 seconds, and the pressurized gas cooling rate is suitable, can reach technical indicator fully, and it is not hard to have eliminated air cooling, the liquid medium quenching crack.Simultaneously because the back workpiece temperature of quenching is higher, at 250～300 ℃, so this cast alloy iron camshaft can accomplish self-tempering when air cooling, thereby reduces the low-temperaturetempering operation.
But the induction hardening process of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft provided by the invention has following advantage:
1, but the present invention has successfully solved prior art, equipment to a hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft induction quenching crackle difficult problem.
2, on original equipment, only need simple refit, practical, convenient, improved plant factor.
But 3, guaranteed the quality of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft, eliminated waste product, reduced the low-temperaturetempering operation, reduced production costs, significantly improved economic benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention is done bright in detail specifically below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
But the material composition of the hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft of being selected for use among the used embodiment provided by the present invention is as shown in the table:
Whether the workpiece after thermal treatment is accomplished ftractures and is as the criterion with magnetic-particle inspection.
According to standard, but the requirement of the heat treatment technics of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft is:
(1), peach point, lift position: 58HRC MIN; Basic circle position: 55HRC MIN.
(2), to Yao Qiu ≧ 5.5mm-50HRC be the line of delimitation to effective case depth.
(3), martensite is 4～5 grades
Embodiment 1
But the steps include: of the induction hardening process of the hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft that provides in the present embodiment
(1), preheating: preheating is divided into three sections and carries out first section: at first with camshaft induction heating to 185 ℃, suspend heating 2 seconds; Second section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 560 ℃; The 3rd section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 815 ℃.Temperature rise rate is 60 ℃/second in the warm.
(2), with the camshaft induction heating to 910 after the preheating ℃, heating rate is 60 ℃/second;
(3), adopt pressurized air that camshaft is quenched, the cool time is 40 seconds, and camshaft is cooled to 275 ℃, compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.52MPa;
(4), the camshaft after will quenching left standstill 51 minutes at room temperature, the surplus temperature completion tempering after utilizing it to quench.
Through detecting, in the batch workpiece in the present embodiment after quenching, do not have cracking, and all workpiece all can satisfy the heat treatment technics requirement.
Embodiment 2
But the steps include: of the induction hardening process of the hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft that provides in the present embodiment
(1), preheating: preheating is divided into three sections and carries out first section: at first with camshaft induction heating to 195 ℃, suspend heating 2 seconds; Second section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 580 ℃; The 3rd section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 830 ℃.Temperature rise rate is 65 ℃/second in the warm.
(2), with the camshaft induction heating to 925 after the preheating ℃, heating rate is 65 ℃/second;
(3), adopt pressurized air that camshaft is quenched, the cool time is 36 seconds, and camshaft is cooled to 240 ℃, compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.45MPa;
(4), the camshaft after will quenching left standstill 55 minutes at room temperature, the surplus temperature completion tempering after utilizing it to quench.
Through detecting, in the batch workpiece in the present embodiment after quenching, workpiece cracking rate is 4.8%,, and all workpiece all can satisfy the heat treatment technics requirement.
Embodiment 3
But the steps include: of the induction hardening process of the hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft that provides in the present embodiment
(1), preheating: preheating is divided into three sections and carries out first section: at first with camshaft induction heating to 205 ℃, suspend heating 2 seconds; Second section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 600 ℃; The 3rd section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 845 ℃.Temperature rise rate is 70 ℃/second in the warm.
(2), with the camshaft induction heating to 935 after the preheating ℃, heating rate is 70 ℃/second;
(3), adopt pressurized air that camshaft is quenched, the cool time is 46 seconds, and camshaft is cooled to 310 ℃, compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.38MPa;
(4), the camshaft after will quenching left standstill 60 minutes at room temperature, the surplus temperature completion tempering after utilizing it to quench.
Through detecting, in the batch workpiece in the present embodiment after quenching, do not have cracking, but cam base circle 53-54HRC hardness disqualification rate on the low side is: 1.3%.
Embodiment 4
But the steps include: of the induction hardening process of the hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft that provides in the present embodiment
(1), preheating: preheating is divided into three sections and carries out first section: at first with camshaft induction heating to 195 ℃, suspend heating 2 seconds; Second section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 575 ℃; The 3rd section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 830 ℃.Temperature rise rate is 65 ℃/second in the warm.
(2), with the camshaft induction heating to 920 after the preheating ℃, heating rate is 65 ℃/second;
(3), adopt pressurized air that camshaft is quenched, the cool time is 42 seconds, and camshaft is cooled to 275 ℃, compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.45MPa;
(4), the camshaft after will quenching left standstill 55 minutes at room temperature, the surplus temperature completion tempering after utilizing it to quench.
Through detecting, in the batch workpiece in the present embodiment after quenching, do not have cracking, and all workpiece all can satisfy the heat treatment technics requirement.
Claims (3)
1. but the induction hardening process of a hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft the steps include:
(1), camshaft is carried out preheating, with its induction heating to 810～850 ℃, heating rate is 60～70 ℃/second;
(2), with camshaft induction heating to 900～940 after the preheating ℃, heating rate is 60～70 ℃/second;
(3), adopt pressurized gas that camshaft is quenched, the cool time is 35～50 seconds, and camshaft is cooled to 240～310 ℃, the pressure of pressurized gas is 0.38～0.52MPa;
(4), the camshaft after will quenching left standstill 50～60 minutes at room temperature, the surplus temperature completion tempering after utilizing it to quench.
2. but the induction hardening process of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the middle preheating of step (1) is divided into three sections heats, and between the two neighboring sections heating interval of time-out is arranged.The concrete steps of preheating are: first section: at first with camshaft induction heating to 180～210 ℃, suspend heating 2 seconds; Second section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 550～600 ℃; The 3rd section:, suspend heating 3 seconds with camshaft induction heating to 810～850 ℃.
3. but the induction hardening process of hardenable alloys cast iron cam shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: pressurized gas is pressurized air or nitrogen in the step (3).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012101896991A CN102676785A (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | Induction hardening process capable of hardening hard-alloy cast iron camshaft |
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| CN2012101896991A CN102676785A (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | Induction hardening process capable of hardening hard-alloy cast iron camshaft |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102925655A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-13 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Thermal treatment method of cam shaft |
| CN106381366A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-02-08 | 江苏华威机械制造有限公司 | Cooling technology and device for special alloy steel high-frequency quenching |
| CN106399642A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏华威机械制造有限公司 | Special high-frequency quench cooling process for alloy steel |
| CN108251604A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-06 | 绵阳华晨瑞安汽车零部件有限公司 | The cam bit induction hardening process of casting camshaft |
| CN108486316A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-04 | 燕山大学 | A kind of device and method of reducing type coil to heavily loaded camshaft sensing heating |
| CN108823390A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-16 | 上海上大热处理有限公司 | A kind of induction heat processing method of camshaft extremity piece |
| CN110964898A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-07 | 荆州环球汽车零部件制造有限公司 | Induction quenching process for hardening alloy cast iron camshaft by using compressed air |
| CN111270049A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-06-12 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | High-frequency heat treatment protection method for thin-wall hole shaft parts |
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| CN101886164A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-17 | 天津市天瑞硬化工程有限公司 | Induction heating controlled quenching technology for gear and machine tool |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102925655A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-13 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Thermal treatment method of cam shaft |
| CN102925655B (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-06-18 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Thermal treatment method of cam shaft |
| CN106381366A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-02-08 | 江苏华威机械制造有限公司 | Cooling technology and device for special alloy steel high-frequency quenching |
| CN106399642A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏华威机械制造有限公司 | Special high-frequency quench cooling process for alloy steel |
| CN108251604A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-06 | 绵阳华晨瑞安汽车零部件有限公司 | The cam bit induction hardening process of casting camshaft |
| CN108486316A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-04 | 燕山大学 | A kind of device and method of reducing type coil to heavily loaded camshaft sensing heating |
| CN108486316B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-07-26 | 燕山大学 | A kind of device and method of reducing type coil to heavily loaded camshaft induction heating |
| CN108823390A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-16 | 上海上大热处理有限公司 | A kind of induction heat processing method of camshaft extremity piece |
| CN110964898A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-07 | 荆州环球汽车零部件制造有限公司 | Induction quenching process for hardening alloy cast iron camshaft by using compressed air |
| CN111270049A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-06-12 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | High-frequency heat treatment protection method for thin-wall hole shaft parts |
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Application publication date: 20120919 |