CN102658137A - Cerium-zirconium-palladium nanopowder catalyst and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Cerium-zirconium-palladium nanopowder catalyst and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method for a cerium-zirconium-palladium nanopowder catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving a cerium source and a zirconium source in absolute ethanol, and adding P123 template agent to obtain sol; adding palladium nitrate; keeping constant temperature of 35DEG C and constant relative humidity of 40 percent, and performing evaporation induction to form gel; drying at the temperature of 100DEG C; calcining at the temperature of 400DEG C for 4 hours at the temperature rise rate of 1DEG C per minute; and ensuring that the atomic mole ration of cerium to zirconium is 8:2, the palladium loading quantity is 0.1 to 5 weight percent, and a ratio of the cerium source and the zirconium source to the absolute ethanol to the P123 is 10mmol:20ml:1g. The catalyst is suitable for catalytic elimination of CO in flue gas discharged by a catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration device and Co in tail gas of motor vehicles and has the advantages of large specific surface area, uniform distribution of noble metal active ingredients, high catalytic activity and thermal stability, and simple synthesis method; the temperature for complete catalytic conversion of CO can be greatly reduced; the consumption of noble metals is reduced; and the cost of the catalyst is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nano-powder pattern cerium zirconium palladium catalyst and preparation thereof, and this catalyst system reduces the purposes of the complete catalytic oxidation temperature of CO aspect in industrial smoke and the motor-vehicle tail-gas.
Background technology
Commercial production is discharged and is had a large amount of CO in the flue gas.FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) is one of main method of oil plant production light-end products.In the regenerative process of FCC catalyst, owing to the imperfect combustion of coke, contain the carbon monoxide (CO) of 6-10v% in the regenerated flue gas, be one of primary pollution source of oil plant.Simultaneously, CO further burns and becomes CO
2The time can emit great amount of heat, if do not make full use of with causing a large amount of thermal waste.The use of combustion adjuvant not only can make the CO content in the flue gas reduce, and reduces atmosphere pollution, and temperature that can the stable regeneration device, avoids regenerator to damage and catalyst failure, saves equipment investment, improves the regeneration quality and the fume afterheat utilization ratio of catalyst.At present, it is main CO combustion adjuvant that the FCC regenerated flue gas of most of oil plant adopts with the precious metals platinum catalyst, has obtained remarkable result.But platinum catalyst not only costs an arm and a leg, and can sulfide in the flue gas and nitride catalyst be converted into oxysulfide (SOx) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), thereby causes the corrosion of regenerator and produce the new source of atmospheric pollution.Therefore, develop a kind of new non-catalytic material, not only can make CO completing combustion effectively, and can impel the transfer of sulphur and the reduction of nitrogen oxide, thereby eliminate the pollution of regenerated flue gas, have important Research Significance and application prospect environment.
No matter be to contain a large amount of CO in motor-vehicle tail-gas or the refinery device institute discharged flue gas, environment and common people's health are caused very big harm, the exploitation effective catalyst is to eliminate the strongest approach that CO reduces its discharging.Noble metals such as Pt, Rh, Pd have good catalytic oxidation elimination activity to CO and volatile hydrocarbon, yet Pt, Rh source is rare relatively, price is relatively costly.Therefore, the Pd catalyst receives researcher's extensive concern in recent years.CeO
2Because of Ce
4+/ Ce
3+There is reversible preferably conversion and has good redox property and store oxygen ability (OSC), but at high temperature be prone to reunite Zr
4+Part is mixed can to a certain degree improve its heat endurance and redox property.The preparation method has fundamental influence to catalyst performance in addition.Therefore the good oxidation reducing property of cerium sill and the excellent activity of Pd can combine effectively, adopt specific preparation technology then to be expected to synthesize active good catalyst in view of the above.
As everyone knows, the Preparation of catalysts method has fundamental influence to its performance.All there is bigger difference at valence state, structure, pattern etc. in the catalyst that different preparation is synthesized aspect many, thereby causes the difference of physicochemical properties aspect, and then causes the variation of catalytic performance.The metal active constituent loading method that extensively adopts at present mainly contains infusion process, coprecipitation, deposition-precipitation method, ion-exchange etc.
A kind of preparation method of cerium zirconium compound oxide loaded palladium catalyst is disclosed among the Chinese patent CN1695799; The preparation method of this cerium zirconium compound oxide loaded palladium catalyst; Cerium and zirconium and citric acid are made into mixed solution; With the fibrous matter is template and combustion carrier, the dipping mixed solution, and wherein fibrous matter comprises analytical paper, printing paper, paper pulp, cotton, absorbent cotton and cellulose etc.; The fibrous matter oven dry that to soak, logical oxygen roasting makes cerium zirconium compound oxide; Preparation palladium solution is distributed to the cerium zirconium compound oxide that makes in the palladium solution; With alkali is precipitating reagent, and precipitating reagent is joined in the soluble metal salting liquid that has mixed cerium zirconium compound oxide, and making this pH value of solution is 9～12, ageing, suction filtration, deionized water washing; Oven dry, roasting in the air; Hydrogen atmosphere is reduction down, makes the cerium zirconium compound oxide loaded palladium catalyst.The present invention is simple, and the product surface area is big, has that initiation temperature is low, catalytic efficiency is high, high temperature resistant aging characteristics.But it is complicated to invent the operation process, and wherein influence factor is a lot of, and carrier and active component also realize organically combining.
Chinese patent CN1548368 has reported carbon monoxide selective oxidizing catalyst under rich hydrogen condition.This invention provides a kind of carbon monoxide selective oxidizing catalyst under the rich hydrogen condition that is used for, and uses more a spot of noble metal, obtains the oxidation activity and the selectivity of higher low temperature carbon monoxide.This catalyst is made up of with other metal components the noble metal component that is supported on the porous inorganic thing carrier.It is characterized in that aforementioned noble metal component can be at least a among the following noble metal crowd, aforementioned other metal components can be at least a in following other metal groups.Noble metal crowd: platinum, ruthenium, gold, rhodium, palladium; Other metal groups: iron, titanium, zirconium, barium, tin, tungsten, zinc, molybdenum, cerium, lanthanum.Catalyst bullion content of the present invention is low, and can effectively be applied to the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide under the hydrogen rich gas atmosphere.Activity of such catalysts initial temperature of the present invention is low, and the serviceability temperature wide ranges can effectively be worked between 80 ℃-180 ℃.The selectivity of catalyst of the present invention oxygen in effective operating temperature interval can be up to 80-90%, and promptly when effectively removing carbon monoxide, the consumption of hydrogen is few.But this invention depends on the use of hydrogen, has certain complexity on the process.Therefore, the research and development of new catalyst system still are very important.
The object of the invention concentrates on the low temperature elimination to CO.The employing original position supports and the method for structure confinement can well realize the even distribution of metal component and stability at high temperature.What adopt among the present invention is that collosol and gel-evaporation induces self assembly (EISA)-original position to support synthetic x wt%Pd/Ce of one step of method
XZr
1-XO
2Catalyst.This synthetic thinking has himself unique advantage, has realized the combination of carrier part and active component part, and stronger interaction is arranged, and has formed solid solution structure.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cerium zirconium palladium nano powder catalyst.This catalyst is high to the CO catalysis elimination activity in the industrial smoke, significantly reduces the complete catalyzed conversion temperature of CO, has simultaneously that reference area is big, the high and low noble metal dosage of heat endurance, active component is evenly distributed and advantage such as simple synthetic method.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of cerium zirconium palladium nano powder catalyst; Through optimum organization design to synthetic method; Obtain the granule-morphology homogeneous, the simple relatively inexpensive noble metal catalyst of high activity, synthetic method with special solid solution composite oxides structure.
The present invention also provides and has utilized the application aspect the complete catalytic oxidation elimination of the CO temperature in reducing motor-vehicle tail-gas and industrial smoke of said catalyst.
The present invention at first provides cerium zirconium palladium nano powder catalyst, is to be synthetic solid solution catalyst of precursor one step with cerium source, zirconium source, palladium source.The cerium Zirconium oxide that wherein forms serves as carrier part, and palladium oxide serves as active component.The atomic molar ratio of cerium zirconium is 8: 2 in this noble metal catalyst, the loading of palladium be 0.1～5wt% (0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 5.0wt%).
According to nano-powder pattern solid solution composite oxide catalysts provided by the invention, wherein, carrier and active component are not significantly distinguished, and the cerium Zirconium oxide serves as carrier, and palladium oxide serves as active component.In a step building-up process, adopting cerous nitrate, zirconium oxychloride, palladium nitrate respectively is precursor solution, and P123 (polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer) is a template, is the system of solvent with the absolute ethyl alcohol.Presoma is assembled on the template that forms attached to inducing through pervaporation through hydrolysis.System has collosol state originally to transfer gel state to after through a solvent evaporating course, again through super-dry, roasting obtains having the nano-powder solid solution cerium zirconium palladium catalyst of the nano-powder pattern of homogeneous particle diameter in air.
Used cerium source, zirconium source, palladium source are respectively Ce (NO among the present invention
3) 6H
2O, ZrOCl
28H
2O, Pd (NO
3) 2H
2O.Said catalyst can be expressed as x wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2, x=0.1 wherein, 0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0.
Catalyst provided by the invention is a kind of solid solution composite oxide catalysts, and metal oxide containing precious metals is an active component.Whole caltalyst architecture homogeneous has high chemical stability.Experimental result shows, the promotion that cerium Zirconium oxide and the nanometer solid solution of palladium formation are favourable the even dispersion of palladium, and it is existed with oxide form, prevented its sintering at high temperature, thereby improved CO oxidation activity and stability greatly.Make the complete catalytic oxidation temperature of CO be reduced in 50～150 ℃ of scopes, the elimination requirement that causes a large amount of CO to pollute when meeting motor vehicle cold start-up (＜200 ℃).
The present invention also provides the preparation method of cerium zirconium palladium nano powder catalyst, and it comprises:
Cerium source, zirconium source are dissolved in a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol by certain mole proportioning, add a certain amount of P123 template simultaneously, in 35 ℃ of water-baths, the powerful stirring 2 hours obtains the little yellow sol of transparent and homogeneous.Press certain mass than palladium source, continue powerful the stirring 8 hours, be transferred in the constant temperature and humidity drying case with culture dish; The control temperature is 35 ℃, and relative humidity is 40%, the self assembly of in this environment, carrying out the solvent evaporation and inducing P123; The evaporation induction time continues to form gel after 48 hours; And then on 100 ℃ of conditions dry 24 hours, finally roasting 4 hours under 400 ℃ of conditions, heating rate is 1 ℃ of a per minute.
Among the present invention, the temperature conditions that dissolving is stirred and evaporation is induced and the self assembly of template are very crucial.P123 is a kind of organic polymer surfactant, in solvent, surpasses critical micelle concentration (cmc) when concentration after the dissolving, and the beginning self assembly forms the micella of certain pattern, and along with the variation of concentration, the micella pattern can change.In this course, strict temperature conditions is most important, because it is directly connected to the whole process of macromolecular dissolving and self assembly.The micella of the certain pattern that forms plays the effect of template after solidifying to form gel, form certain space supporting construction, after calcination process, obtains to have the catalyst of dispersing nanometer morphology microstructure.
The atomic molar proportioning in cerium source and zirconium source is 8: 2 in this case, and the typical synthetic ratio that the cerium source adds zirconium source, absolute ethyl alcohol and P123 three is 10mmol: 20ml: 1g.
Induce self-assembling method organically to combine traditional sol-gal process and evaporation comparatively advanced in nanometer is synthetic in this case, and realized that a step of noble metal catalyst is synthetic, and be different from the synthetic thinking of most catalyst.
The catalyst for preparing among the present invention is used for CO catalysis elimination demonstrates excellent catalytic activity, the complete conversion temperature of CO significantly reduces, and is many in 50～150 ℃ scope.Experimental result shows that also this caltalyst ties up to through behind 800 ℃ the high temperature ageing, and catalytic activity remains unchanged basically and has superior high temperature resistance stability.
The invention provides a kind of cerium zirconium palladium catalyst in a word.Said catalyst is to combine evaporation to induce the method for self assembly to follow the synthetic noble metal composite oxide catalyst of one step of thought that original position supports through collosol and gel.This catalyst is applicable to that motor-vehicle tail-gas and chemical production device discharge the catalysis elimination of CO in the flue gas; Have advantages such as specific area is big, the free of losses of noble metal active uniform component distribution, catalytic activity is high, heat endurance is high, simple synthetic method; Can significantly reduce the complete catalyzed conversion temperature of CO; Save noble metal dosage, reduce the catalyst cost.The present invention has good effect to the low temperature elimination of CO in motor-vehicle tail-gas and the industrial discharge flue gas, and this has significant meaning for atmospheric environment protection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is 0.1% 0.1wt%Pd/Ce for the Pd loading
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The TEM photo of catalyst.
Fig. 1 b is 0.2% 0.1wt%Pd/Ce for the Pd loading
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The TEM photo of catalyst.
Fig. 1 c is 0.5% 0.1wt%Pd/Ce for the Pd loading
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The TEM photo of catalyst.
Fig. 1 d is 1.0% 0.1wt%Pd/Ce for the Pd loading
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The TEM photo of catalyst.
Fig. 1 e is 2.0% 0.1wt%Pd/Ce for the Pd loading
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The TEM photo of catalyst.
Fig. 1 f is 5.0% 0.1wt%Pd/Ce for the Pd loading
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The TEM photo of catalyst.
Fig. 2 a is different Pd loading x wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0) catalyst series XRD spectra.
Fig. 2 b is the different Pd loading x wt%Pd/Ce after amplifying
0.8Zr
0.2O
2(x=0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0)
The catalyst series XRD spectra.
Fig. 3 a is different Pd loading x wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The CO oxidation activity of catalyst.
Fig. 3 b is 800 ℃ of aging back xwt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The CO oxidation activity of catalyst.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Take by weighing Ce (NO respectively
3) 6H
2O 3.4740g, ZrOCl
28H
2O 0.6445g is dissolved in the 20ml absolute ethyl alcohol, adds 1g P123 template simultaneously, places 35 ℃ of water-baths, and powerful the stirring 2 hours obtains the little yellow sol of transparent and homogeneous.Add 0.0041g Pd (NO then
3) 2H
2O (supporting according to 0.1wt%Pd) continues powerful the stirring 8 hours, is transferred in the constant temperature and humidity drying case with culture dish; The control temperature is 35 ℃, and relative humidity is 40, the self assembly of in this environment, carrying out the solvent evaporation and inducing P123; The evaporation induction time continues to form gel after 48 hours; And then on 100 ℃ of conditions dry 24 hours, finally roasting 4 hours under 400 ℃ of conditions, heating rate is 1 ℃ of a per minute.Obtain the cerium zirconium palladium solid solution of nano-powder pattern, Fig. 1 a～f provides the TEM photo of this catalyst, and catalyst has all formed nano-powder; Can not distinguish tangible difference carrier and active component on the photo, show to have formed solid solution.X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that this catalyst is really for having the fluorite solid solution of cube phase structure mutually; Even if because after amplifying the Y axle, the characteristic diffraction peak of Pd do not occur belonging in PdO yet; And support at Pd that 2 θ angles of rear catalyst squint to the high angle direction on carrier; Show that Pd has got into the lattice of carrier, further proof has formed solid solution structure.Fig. 2 a, b provide the XRD spectra of this catalyst.
Embodiment 2:
Preparation condition and preparation procedure are with example 1, just with Pd (NO
3) 2H
2The addition of O changes 0.0081,0.0203,0.0406,0.0813 respectively into, 0.2032g, makes the loading of Pd be respectively 0.2wt%, 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 5.0wt%.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe prepared catalyst (a) 0.1wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2, (b) 0.2wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2, (c) 0.5wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2, (d) 1.0wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2(e) 2.0wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2, (f) 5.0wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2Pattern.Adopt the crystal phase structure of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of catalyst, and adopt to thank and rein in crystallite dimension and the cell parameter that formula calculates catalyst.
TEM result through sample among Fig. 1 a～f can find out that prepared catalyst granules particle diameter is all at 5～10nm, and particle diameter is even, has the nano-powder pattern, has big gap between particle, can be the bigger interface of providing of catalytic reaction.
The half-peak breadth β of the corresponding diffraction maximum of sample thief (111) crystal face adopts Scherrer formula: D=0.89 λ/(β cos θ) to calculate x wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The crystallite dimension of catalyst series, wherein λ=0.15406nm.Table 1 is a crystallite dimension result of calculation.Data show,
The computational methods of cell parameter are following, calculate interplanar distance d through Bragg equation 2dsin θ=λ, then cell parameter a=d*N (N is the quadratic sum of the indices of crystallographic plane).This method is applicable to the calculating of cubic structure structure cell.
The different Pd loading of table 1 x wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The crystallite dimension of (x=0,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0) catalyst series
Result of calculation to crystallite dimension and lattice parameter from table 1 can be found out Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2Lattice parameter changes to some extent after the load P d, and along with the increase lattice parameter of Pd load capacity reduce gradually all less than
Corresponding to standard cube type CeO
2Lattice parameter a), show that lattice has certain shrink.Therefore in the system be because the doping of Zr, Pd has caused the polycondensation (Zr of lattice
4+Ionic radius is 0.084nm, Pd
2+Ionic radius is 0.086nm, all less than Ce
4+Ionic radius 0.097nm) formed cerium zirconium palladium solid solution.
Embodiment 4:
Catalyst performance evaluation:
Adopt atmospheric fixed bed microreactor laboratory evaluation device, the catalyst that evaluation the present invention synthesizes is to the catalytic activity of CO oxidation reaction in the FCC regenerated flue gas.Reactor adopts the quartz ampoule of internal diameter 6mm, the temperature reaction of automatic temperature control instrument control program, and programming rate is 5 ℃/min.Take by weighing the catalyst of 100mg, be filled in the constant temperature zone of reaction tube, prepare reacting gas on request in advance, gas composition is: CO:10000ppm, O
2: 10v%, Ar are balanced gas; Gas flow is 50ml/min.Experimental result detects through the SP-3420 gas chromatograph that Beijing Analytical Instrument Factory produces, the FID hydrogen flame ionization detector, and FID connects with methanator, and chromatographic column adopting 5A molecular sieve packed column (separates O
2, N
2, CO) and Porapak N packed column (separation of C O, CO
2And C
2H
2), the methanator operating temperature is 380 ℃.
The catalyst for preparing in this case is carried out the evaluation of CO oxidation activity, experimental result such as table 2, table 3.
The different Pd loading of table 2 x wt%Pd/Ce
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The activity of such catalysts data
The table 3800 ℃ aging different Pd loading x wt%Pd/Ce in back
0.8Zr
0.2O
2The activity of such catalysts data
Can find out that through the experimental result of table 2, table 3 this catalyst series has good CO oxidation activity; Wherein active best for loading be the catalyst of 1wt% and 2wt%; And after 800 ℃ of roastings are aging; Catalyst activity still is maintained even obtains certain raising, shows that the catalyst among the present invention not only has high activity and has good heat endurance, has solved the problem of noble metal catalyst poor heat stability well.
Claims (4)
1. the preparation method of a cerium zirconium palladium nano powder catalyst is characterized in that:
(1) cerium source, zirconium source are dissolved in the absolute ethyl alcohol, add the P123 template, place water-bath, powerful stirring and dissolving is 2 hours under 35 ℃, obtains transparent and homogeneous colloidal sol;
(2) add palladium nitrate, continue powerful the stirring 8 hours;
(3) be transferred in the constant temperature and humidity drying case with culture dish, solvent evaporation and the self assembly of inducing P123, process keeps constant temperature and humidity, 35 ℃ of temperature, relative humidity 40%, the evaporation induction time continues 48 hours; Evaporation induces the back to form gel, drying, and baking temperature is 100 ℃, continues 24 hours; Roasting obtains catalyst, and the catalyst roasting condition is 400 ℃ and stopped 4 hours that heating rate is 1 ℃ of a per minute;
Cerium is 8: 2 with the atomic molar ratio of zirconium; The loading of palladium is 0.1～5wt%;
The proportioning that the cerium source adds zirconium source, absolute ethyl alcohol and P123 three is 10mmol: 20ml: 1g.
2. the preparation method of cerium zirconium palladium nano powder catalyst as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: precursor cerium source, zirconium source, the palladium source of being adopted is respectively six nitric hydrate ceriums, eight hydration zirconium oxychlorides, two nitric hydrate palladiums.
3. a cerium zirconium palladium nano powder catalyst is characterized in that: be that preparation method according to claim 1 prepares.
4. the application of the described cerium zirconium of claim 3 a palladium nano powder catalyst is characterized in that: be used for reducing the complete catalyzed conversion temperature of motor-vehicle tail-gas and industrial smoke CO, CO is oxidized to CO under its effect
2Eliminate.
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| CN109201066A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-15 | 上海交通大学 | The palladium cerium zirconium O composite metallic oxide catalyst of removal methane is cooperateed with for electrostatic field |
| CN109201066B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2022-06-24 | 上海交通大学 | Palladium-cerium-zirconium composite metal oxide catalyst for removing methane by electrostatic field synergy |
| CN109847737A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of preparation method of carrier nanometer catalyst |
| CN108529596A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-09-14 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of dimensional thinlayer carbon |
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