CN102657212B - 一种杀虫组合物及其制剂 - Google Patents
一种杀虫组合物及其制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102657212B CN102657212B CN201210114486.2A CN201210114486A CN102657212B CN 102657212 B CN102657212 B CN 102657212B CN 201210114486 A CN201210114486 A CN 201210114486A CN 102657212 B CN102657212 B CN 102657212B
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- hexaflumuron
- insecticidal composition
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药制剂领域,公开了一种杀虫组合物及其制剂。本发明所述杀虫组合物由呋虫胺和氟铃脲组成,所述呋虫胺和氟铃脲的重量比为1∶2-9。本发明还公开了该杀虫组合物制剂,由本发明所述杀虫组合物和农药制剂上可以接受的辅料组成,所述杀虫组合物占所述杀虫剂的重量百分比为1%-90%。本发明所述杀虫组合物及其制剂的杀虫效果显著提高,并能够同时防治鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和缨翅目害虫,并对刺吸式口器害虫的防治有特效,同时减缓了害虫抗药性的产生,大幅度降低了用药成本,并且对人、畜、环境有极高的安全性,可广泛应用于水稻、棉花、蔬菜、果树等多种作物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药制剂领域,具体的说是一种杀虫组合物及其制剂。
背景技术
刺吸式口器的害虫如蚜虫、蓟马、粉虱、叶螨、蚧等,因其体型小、繁殖快,比较难以防治,但这些害虫发生频繁。如蓟马是一种吸食植物汁液的昆虫,为昆虫纲缨翅目害虫。幼虫呈白色,黄色,或橘色,成虫则呈棕色或黑色。蓟马以成虫和若虫移动性大,繁殖力强,一年四季均可发生。春、夏、秋三季主要发生在大田作物上为害,冬季主要为害温室大棚作物。蓟马的成虫、若虫都能锉吸植株幼嫩组织(枝梢、叶片、花、果实等)汁液,喜栖息于花瓣与萼片重叠处,取食花瓣与萼片之边缘,使被害花失色。常使花瓣造成白色斑点,花瓣扭曲,皱缩;嫩叶嫩梢受害,组织变硬缩小,新叶无法正常伸展,节间缩短,植株生长缓慢。幼嫩果实(如辣椒、茄子、黄瓜、西瓜等)被害后会硬化,果实畸形、果皮粗糙有斑痕布满“锈皮”,严重时造成落果,严重影响产量和品质。
农作物在发生虫害时往往是多种虫害同时发生,杀虫剂单独使用防治范围有限,无法为农作物提供全面的保护,并且害虫容易产生抗药性。因此,提供一种杀虫谱广,并对刺吸式口器害虫效果比较好的杀虫剂具有重要意义。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明目的是提供一种杀虫组合物及其制剂,使其能够同时防治鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和缨翅目害虫,并对刺吸式口器害虫有特效。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种杀虫组合物,由呋虫胺和氟铃脲组成,所述呋虫胺和氟铃脲的重量比为1∶2-9。
呋虫胺(dinotefuran)为日本三井化学公司开发的第三代烟碱类杀虫剂,其与现有的烟碱类杀虫剂的化学结构不同,它以四氢呋喃基取代了以前的氯代吡啶基、氯代噻唑基,并不含卤族元素。同时,在性能方面呋虫胺也与烟碱有所不同,故而,目前人们将其称为“呋喃烟碱”。呋虫胺作用于AchR,能阻断昆虫正常的神经传递,而显示杀虫效果。但从与受体的结合活性看,其比其它新型烟碱弱2位数以上,但从其高的杀虫活性分析,可能有其他结合点。呋虫胺具有触杀、胃毒和根部内吸性强、速效、持效期长、杀虫谱广等特点,且对刺吸口器害虫有优异防效,并在很低的剂量即显示了很高的杀虫活性。主要用于防治小麦、水稻、棉花、蔬菜、果树、烟叶等多种作物上的蚜虫、叶蝉、飞虱、蓟马、粉虱及其抗性品系,同时对鞘翅目、同翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目和缨翅目害虫高效,并对蜚蠊、白蚁、家蝇等卫生害虫有效。呋虫胺对哺乳动物十分安全,大鼠急性经皮和经口毒性均为低毒;对鱼和水蚤低毒;对蜜蜂安全;无致畸、致癌和致突变。
氟铃脲属苯甲酰脲杀虫剂,是几丁质合成抑制剂,具有很高的杀虫和杀卵活性,而且速效。田间试验表明,氟铃脲在通过抑制蜕皮而杀死害虫的同时,还能抑制害虫吃食速度,故有较快的击倒力。氟铃脲可防治棉花和果树上的鞘翅目、双翅目、同翅目和鳞翅目昆虫,尤其防治棉铃虫,用于棉花、马铃薯及果树防治多种鞘翅目、双翅目、同翅目昆虫。
呋虫胺和氟铃脲结构不同,作用机理不同,由呋虫胺和氟铃脲组成的杀虫组合物扩大了杀虫谱,能同时防除鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和缨翅目害虫,并对刺吸式口器害虫特效,同时减缓了害虫抗药性,大幅度降低了用药成本,并且对人、畜、环境有极高的安全性。
不同杀虫剂活性组分混合后各活性成分由于组成、结构、理化性质的差异,使得各活性成分之间的联合作用通常表示为增效作用、相加作用或拮抗作用。所谓增效作用就是不同物质间的相互协作作用,其产生的效果大于各个成分效果的总合;而相加作用就是其产生的效果等于各个成分效果的总合;拮抗作用是指两种物质作用于生物机体时,一种物质干扰另一种物质的效果,或彼此互相干扰对方的效果,使总体效果下降的现象。
本发明参照孙云沛(Sun YP)法评价本发明所述两种不同活性组分混合后的相互作用,其中,共毒系数明显大于100为增效作用,共毒系数明显小于100为拮抗作用,共毒系数等于100为相加作用。本发明通过计算呋虫胺和氟铃脲混用后的共毒系数,评价两者混用后效果,结果显示,所述呋虫胺与氟铃脲的重量比为1∶2-9的共毒系数均大于100。通过室外生物活性测定试验发现,所述呋虫胺与氟铃脲的重量比为1∶2-9的比例混合使用具有明显增效作用。
优选的,所述呋虫胺与氟铃脲的重量比为1∶3-7。
农药原药不能直接使用,必须加工配制成各种农药制剂,才能使用。因此本发明还提供一种杀虫剂,由本发明所述杀虫组合物与助剂和载体/溶剂制成。
其中,作为优选所述杀虫组合物占所述杀虫剂的重量百分比为1%-90%,更优选为20%-50%。
本发明所述杀虫剂可以根据需要按照本领域技术人员所公知的方法,由本发明所述杀虫组合物与助剂制成农药制剂,以应用于农业生产。如可按照本领域技术人员已知的方法配制成可湿性粉剂、乳油和水分散粒剂。
其中可湿性粉剂中,本发明所述杀虫组合物占所述可湿性粉剂的重量百分比为1%-90%、湿润剂占所述可湿性粉剂的重量百分比为1%-10%,分散剂占所述可湿性粉剂的重量百分比为1%-10%,余量为载体。
其中乳油剂型中,本发明所述杀虫组合物占所述乳油的重量百分比为20%-90%、乳化剂占所述乳油的重量百分比为1%-20%,余量为溶剂。
其中水分散粒剂中,本发明所述杀虫组合物占所述水分散粒剂的重量百分比为1%-90%,湿润剂占所述水分散粒剂的重量百分比为1%-10%,分散剂占所述水分散粒剂的重量百分比为1%-10%,崩解剂占所述水分散粒剂的重量百分比为0.1%-5%,黏结剂占所述水分散粒剂的重量百分比为0.1%-5%,余量为载体。
制备以上各种制剂所用的乳化剂、溶剂、湿润剂、分散剂、崩解剂、黏结剂、载体等助剂均为本领域技术人员公知的。
优选的,本发明所述的乳化剂为农乳500、农乳600、农乳700、NP系列、0201B、0203B、2201、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、乙氧基蓖麻油、聚丙烯酸甲酯、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、甘油三月桂酸酯聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或多种。
优选的,本发明所述溶剂包括芳烃溶剂油、磷酸三丁酯、四氢糖醇、四氢呋喃、植物油、石蜡油、润滑油或溶剂油100号、150号、180号、200号中的一种或多种。
优选的,本发明所述的载体为高岭土、硅藻土、轻质碳酸钙、凹凸棒、可溶性淀粉、尿素、硫酸铵、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、柠檬酸、无水碳酸钾、无水碳酸氢钾、无水硫酸钠、无水碳酸氢钠、无水碳酸钠和无水碳酸氢钠的混合物中的一种或多种。
优选的,本发明所述的湿润剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、烷基萘磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚硫酸盐、脂肪醇聚乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯聚氧乙烯醚、烷基萘甲醛缩合物、烷基萘磺酸盐和阴离子湿润剂的混合物中的一种或多种。
优选的,本发明所述的分散剂为NNO、木质素磺酸钠、木质素磺酸钙、聚丙烯酸钠、亚甲基双萘磺酸盐、烷基胺基牛磺酸盐、亚甲基双萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、三聚磷酸钠、烷基萘磺酸盐缩聚物中的一种或多种。
优选的,本发明所述的崩解剂为膨润土、尿素、羧甲基纤维素钠、硫酸铵、变性淀粉、无机盐、白炭黑、硅胶、PEG、SF-04中的一种或多种。
优选的,本发明所述的黏结剂为蔗糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、可溶性淀粉、聚丙烯酸钠、糊精、黄原胶、CMC、SF-04中的一种或多种。
由以上技术方案可知,本发明所述杀虫组合物由呋虫胺和氟铃脲组成,所述呋虫胺和氟铃脲的重量比为1∶2-9,杀虫效果显著提高,能够同时防治鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和缨翅目害虫,并对刺吸式口器害虫有特效,同时减缓了害虫抗药性,大幅度降低了用药成本,并且对人、畜、环境有极高的安全性,可广泛应用于水稻、棉花、蔬菜、果树等多种作物。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种杀虫组合物及其制剂。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。本发明的产品已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的产品进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种杀虫组合物及其制剂进行详细说明。
实施例1:害虫防效试验
杀虫组合物以呋虫胺和氟铃脲为有效成分,以小菜蛾、棉铃虫、蚜虫和蓟马为试验对象,试验前统计各害虫数量,药后7天统计结果,试验环境均相同,药效按以下公式计算:
虫口减退率=[(药前活虫量-药后活虫量)÷药前活虫量]×100%
防效=[(施药区虫口减退率-对照区虫口减退率)÷(1-对照区虫口减退率)]×100%
试验处理及施药量见表1,防治效果见表2。
表1试验处理及施药量
处理 | 供试药剂 | 施用量(g(a.i.)/hm2) |
1 | 呋虫胺 | 18 |
2 | 氟铃脲 | 60 |
3 | 呋虫胺+氟铃脲 | 10+30 |
4 | 呋虫胺+氟铃脲 | 10+50 |
5 | 呋虫胺+氟铃脲 | 12+40 |
6 | 呋虫胺+氟铃脲 | 12+45 |
7 | 呋虫胺+氟铃脲 | 15+35 |
8 | 呋虫胺+氟铃脲 | 15+45 |
9 | 呋虫胺+氟铃脲 | 18+35 |
10 | 清水 |
表2害虫防治效果(%)
由表2结果可知,本发明所述杀虫组合物中各有效成分在小于各单剂用量的前提下,药效高于各单剂药效。同时,从处理1和2的试验结果可知,呋虫胺与氟铃脲复配后防效得到提高,表明这种增效结果不是由于所加入的另一活性成分直接作用于害虫得到的,而是由于两种活性成分复配后互相作用,增强了彼此防治虫害的效果。试验结果表明本发明所述杀虫组合物中两种活性成分无拮抗作用,并对刺吸式口器害虫的防治效果大大增强。实施例2:20%呋虫胺·氟铃脲可湿性粉剂
呋虫胺5%、氟铃脲15%、十二烷基硫酸钠7%、NNO 5%、高岭土补足至100%,充分混合,经粉碎后,即得到20%呋虫胺·氟铃脲可湿性粉剂。
将本实施例制备的杀虫剂与单一活性成分制成的单剂对比,以各活性成分用量为标准计算,在本发明所述杀虫剂中的各活性成分用量小于各单剂活性成分用量的前提下,本发明所述杀虫剂的防效高于单剂的防效,且无交叉抗性,并对刺吸式口器害虫的防治效果大大增强。
实施例3:25%呋虫胺·氟铃脲可湿性粉剂
呋虫胺5%、氟铃脲20%、十二烷基硫酸钠6%、木质素磺酸钠4%、高岭土补足至100%,充分混合,粉碎后,即得到25%呋虫胺·氟铃脲可湿性粉剂。
将本实施例制备的杀虫剂与单一活性成分制成的单剂对比,以各活性成分用量为标准计算,在本发明所述杀虫剂中的各活性成分用量小于各单剂活性成分用量的前提下,本发明所述杀虫剂的防效高于单剂的防效,且无交叉抗性,并对刺吸式口器害虫的防治效果大大增强。
实施例4:10%呋虫胺·氟铃脲乳油
呋虫胺2%、氟铃脲8%、农乳500#2%、OP-10%、溶剂油100号补足100%,经充分混合溶解,即得到10%呋虫胺·氟铃脲乳油。
将本实施例制备的杀虫剂与单一活性成分制成的单剂对比,以各活性成分用量为标准计算,在本发明所述杀虫剂中的各活性成分用量小于各单剂活性成分用量的前提下,本发明所述杀虫剂的防效高于单剂的防效,且无交叉抗性,并对刺吸式口器害虫的防治效果大大增强。
实施例5:40%呋虫胺·氟铃脲水分散粒剂
呋虫胺10%、氟铃脲30%、脂肪醇聚乙烯醚6%、烷基胺基牛磺酸盐6%、黄原胶0.3%、高龄土补足至100%,通过混合、加水捏合、挤压造粒,即得到40%呋虫胺·氟铃脲水分散粒剂。
将本实施例制备的杀虫剂与单一活性成分制成的单剂对比,以各活性成分用量为标准计算,在本发明所述杀虫剂中的各活性成分用量小于各单剂活性成分用量的前提下,本发明所述杀虫剂的防效高于单剂的防效,且无交叉抗性,并对刺吸式口器害虫的防治效果大大增强。
实施例6:50%呋虫胺·氟铃脲水分散粒剂
呋虫胺15%、氟啶虫酰胺35%、烷基萘磺酸钠4%、木质素磺酸钠5%、硫酸铵0.6%、黄原胶0.5%、硅藻土补足至100%,通过混合、加水捏合、挤压造粒,即得到50%呋虫胺·氟铃脲水分散粒剂。
将本实施例制备的杀虫剂与单一活性成分制成的单剂对比,以各活性成分用量为标准计算,在本发明所述杀虫剂中的各活性成分用量小于各单剂活性成分用量的前提下,本发明所述杀虫剂的防效高于单剂的防效,且无交叉抗性,并对刺吸式口器害虫的防治效果大大增强。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种杀虫组合物,其特征在于,由呋虫胺和氟铃脲组成,所述呋虫胺和氟铃脲的重量比为1:2-9。
2.根据权利要求1所述杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述呋虫胺和氟铃脲的重量比为1:3-7。
3.一种杀虫剂,其特征在于,由权利要求1所述杀虫组合物与助剂和载体/溶剂制成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述杀虫组合物占所述杀虫剂总重量的1%-90%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的杀虫剂,其特征在于,其剂型可为湿性粉剂、乳油和水分散粒剂。
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