CN102656100A - Impact resistant freight container - Google Patents

Impact resistant freight container Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102656100A
CN102656100A CN2010800563980A CN201080056398A CN102656100A CN 102656100 A CN102656100 A CN 102656100A CN 2010800563980 A CN2010800563980 A CN 2010800563980A CN 201080056398 A CN201080056398 A CN 201080056398A CN 102656100 A CN102656100 A CN 102656100A
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China
Prior art keywords
shock
freight container
resistant
plate
resistant part
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CN2010800563980A
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Inventor
鲁道夫·马希尔·维塞尔
布拉姆·菲廷
鲁卡·阿玛托
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DSM IP Assets BV
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DSM IP Assets BV
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Publication of CN102656100A publication Critical patent/CN102656100A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • B65D88/12—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport
    • B65D88/121—ISO containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/022—Laminated structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/023—Modular panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/08—Interconnections of wall parts; Sealing means therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a freight container comprising a frame (10); an attachment point (20, 21, 22, 23) for a lifting device to attach to the container; and a wall, roof or floor comprising: an impact resistant portion (30, 30') proximal to the attachment point; and a portion (100,100'), distal from the attachment point. The impact resistant portion (30, 30') has an impact energy resistance of at least 1.0 kilojoules and the modulus of elasticity of the distal portion (100,100') is at least 20% greater than the modulus of elasticity of the impact resistant portion.

Description

Shock-resistant cargo-type container
Technical field
The present invention relates to cargo-type container.The present invention relates to the Dent resistance of cargo-type container particularly, relates to the impact from handling equipment particularly.
Background technology
In order to realize the actv. supply chain system, cargo-type container is preferably standard-sized, such as cargo-type container of the iso standard that meets freight container etc.ISO (International Standardization Organization) freight container is the shipping or the shipping container of observing such as the one or more relevant ISO container standard of ISO1496 series etc.
The type of cargo-type container can change according to its application scenario; But comprise nominal 20 and 40 feet ISO freight container and 10,25,30 and 45 feet freight container, and be used for SWAP body (commutative body) through the goods transport of highway, railway and/or sea-freight.Freight container of the present invention comprises like general, the insulation of in ISO1496 series, describing (for example, heat insulation, refrigeration, heating) freight container or bulk container, and comprises non-ISO freight container and SWAP body.
The ISO container standard provides the MIN structural property relevant with the intensity of wall, base plate and top board.Also be provided with rigidity and anti-water quality standard.This standard guarantees that freight container is suitable for shipping, shipping or warehouse freight container.
Up to now, shipping or shipping container generally use metal framework, with composite panel (normally steel or aluminium encapsulation) or other composite panels through bolt, rivet or be solder-connected to framework.Then corner fittings is installed to each bight of shipping container according to iso standard.Corner fittings is used for during loading, unloading and the processing at freight container steel rope and other assemblies being fixed to shipping container, and with container fixing to another freight container be fixed to transport vehicle.
Because often be applied to the huge load on the corner fittings, these assemblies are bearing a large amount of wear damage.The ISO corner fittings of damaging and/or damaging is brought the security risk that can have catastrophic effect.For example, needs shipping container is risen or the skyborne application of slinging in, the corner fittings of damaging and/or damaging can cause freight container to fall.Also possibly collide the zone contiguous such as processing such as butt hook, top loader, suspender equipment, thereby damage top board and/or wall with corner fittings.
Therefore, regularly and frequently corner assembly parts (or other point of connection) and peripheral region safeguard that to repair or to change the corner fittings and the panel that damage and/or damage definitely be vital.Periodical maintenance helps corner fittings and peripheral region are maintained good serviceability with repairing, and can prolong the service life of changing to get up to want much expensive and much more difficult shipping container.
At US7, solved the problems referred to above in 059,488, wherein the composite material shipping container is installed removable bight.The dismantled and assembled of corner fittings makes it possible to the actv. maintenance and repair, thereby saves time, energy and cost.Yet, panel, those panels that particularly are close to corner fittings or fork truck point of connection are still impaired easily.This repairing consuming time that need relate to welding operation to be guaranteeing structure integrity and water-proofness, and keeps the safety of freight container.
As at US7, advised in 334,697, on the top board of contiguous each ISO corner fittings, arrange the form of aluminium or shock-resistant plate and the composite container that increased protection has solved this problem.For the container made of steel of current application, thick steel plate or steel bar are placed on the top board on every side of each point of connection in practice.Yet, use shock-resistant plate with through making the impact polarization comprise corner fittings top panel area on every side, only impact is transferred to the adjacent domain of shock-resistant plate usually.In addition, because shock-resistant plate can not extend from the arbitrary end of freight container more than 750mm to meet the requirement of ISO1496-1, therefore protection can not extend to the impact that receives after the deflection and/or from the zone of the influence of the craneman's of operation lack of standardization impact.
Therefore, still need further improve the Dent resistance of freight container.Particularly, strengthen cargo-type container to be applied to the opposing that perhaps is applied to the impact on the point of connection zone on every side on the freight container via point of connection.
Summary of the invention
Proposed the solution of this problem in the present invention, in the present invention, first aspect provides a kind of cargo-type container, and this cargo-type container comprises:
Framework; Top board, base plate and wall,
Be used for weight-lifting equipment is connected to the point of connection of said freight container; And
At least wall, top board or base plate, it comprises:
(a) near the shock-resistant part of point of connection; And
(b) away from the part (distal portions) of point of connection;
Wherein the modulus of elasticity of the shock-resistant part of modular ratio of distal portions greatly at least 20%.
Term " shock-resistant part " and " proximal part " can exchange use.
Like what this paper was suitable for, the point of connection that is used for weight-lifting equipment comprises and contains the connecting device corner fittings of (for example, being used to receive the hole from the hook of treatment facility), and also comprises fork pockets (fork pocket) (be used to utilize fork truck go up and down freight container).Especially.Point of connection refers to and comprises the connecting device corner fittings of (for example, being used to receive the hole from the hook of treatment facility).
Preferably, freight container has passed through test of in the part 6 of ISO1496-1 (the 5th edition), describing and/or the test of in the part 8 of ISO1496-2 (the 5th edition), describing.The overall dimension of freight container and plate wherein is the general size of in cargo-type container, using, and also preferably meets the requirement of ISO.
In a preferred embodiment, cargo-type container comprises framework, and its mesospore, top board and base plate are through for example bolt, rivet or be solder-connected to this framework.
Preferably, point of connection is the corner fittings that is connected to top board or is connected to framework in the top board side.More preferably, point of connection is the corner fittings that is connected to framework in the top board side.
Absorb the shock-resistant part or the zone of impact energy at least in part; And the energy dissipation adjacent with shock-resistant part part or zone are (promptly; Distal portions) combination, make top board, base plate or the wall energy comprise so shock-resistant partial sum distal portions enough more effectively absorb and be dissipated in processing during impact.Surprisingly, consider traditional technology (the shock-resistant plate of rigidity), this is through making the part near point of connection of wall, base plate or top board more have flexibility (lower modulus of elasticity) to realize with respect to the part away from point of connection.
For easy, unless otherwise indicated, modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity during bending) will be indicated in term " modulus ".
Preferably, the modulus of elasticity of the shock-resistant part of modular ratio of distal portions greatly at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%; More preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 100%, more preferably at least 200%; More preferably at least 300%; More preferably at least 500%, more preferably at least 700%, and most preferably at least 900%.As used herein, the modulus of elasticity when modulus of elasticity refers to bending.According to the material and the structure of this part, those skilled in the art will know that the model that select to be suitable for measures modulus of elasticity.For example, for sandwich construction, measure modulus of elasticity according to ASTM D7249; For unidirectional fibre reinforced composite individual layer, measure modulus of elasticity according to ISO527; For the poly-urethane rubber individual layer, measure modulus of elasticity according to ASTM D412.
Shock-resistant part need have enough mechanical characteristicss to bear the impact from shaft clevis or hook, and this impacts heavily about in some cases 1500kg.This weight maybe be with for example about 1000mm 2(0.001m 2) area of contact, fall, drop to or be rocked on the part or zone that tightly is trapped among point of connection.Therefore, if hook falls from the height of 0.1m only, the impact energy that then should the zone must absorb or dissipate is about 1.5kJ (1500kg (weight) * 9.81m/s 2(acceleration due to gravity) * highly (0.1m)).
Preferably, the shock-resistant energy of shock-resistant part is 0.2kJ at least, 0.5kJ at least more preferably, 1.0kJ at least more preferably, 2.0kJ at least more preferably, more preferably 5kJ and most preferably 10kJ at least at least.The size of shock-resistant part and material can be chosen for feasible, and shock-resistant part has shock-resistant part and has preferably at least 0.2kJ, more preferably 0.5kJ, more preferably 1.0kJ, more preferably 2.0kJ, more preferably 5kJ and the most preferably shock-resistant energy of 10kJ at least at least at least at least at least.The shock-resistant energy of shock-resistant partial sum distal portions uses husky ratio to impact experiment (Charpy impact test) according to ISO179-1 and measures.If can receive the impact energy of the 0.7kJ at least on the zone that is applied to via point of connection on the freight container or is applied to the area of contact of about 1000mm2 around the point of connection in shock-resistant part and not cause that shock-resistant part shows indicating it to be inappropriate for the permanent deformation or the deformity of use, then shock-resistant part for example has the shock-resistant energy of 0.7kJ at least.
The shock-resistant energy experiment of freight container execution is preferably used the sphere or the semisphere object (for example, steel ball or boomerang (dart)) of the minimum weight of butt hook, shaft clevis (that is, from fork truck), minimum contact radius and about 5kg with about 5mm.The impact testing apparatus that is fit to comprises the serial shock test machine of Instron
Figure BPA00001564294500041
; Comprise 9200 and 8100 series (8120 models that for example, have the 100kg impacted object).According to the standard of passing through of ISO1496-1, after Success in Experiment was accomplished, freight container should be unable to show causing its permanent deformation that is inappropriate for use or deformity.The particular energy of shock-resistant part absorbs (SEA) preferably 10J/kg/m at least 2, more preferably be 50J/kg/m at least 2, more preferably be 80J/kg/m at least 2, more preferably be 100J/kg/m at least 2, and most preferably be 120J/kg/m at least 2For identical shock-resistant energy, energy absorbing is higher than more, and shock-resistant part is light more.
The functional characteristic of shock-resistant part
Modulus of elasticity
For the shock-resistant energy of realizing needing, shock-resistant part preferably has 1MPa at least, more preferably 3MPa, more preferably 5MPa and the most preferably modulus of elasticity of 10MPa at least at least at least.Preferably, modulus of elasticity is not more than 1000MPa, more preferably is not more than 500MPa, more preferably is not more than 200MPa and most preferably is not more than 100MPa.The higher modulus of elasticity value possibly cause more weak damping effect (that is, the probability that is caused losing efficacy by brittle fracture increases), and lower elastic mould value may not prevent excessive deformation fully, thereby possibly cause damage to goods.
Analyze the damping property of (angle tangent) via DRMA
Use storage modulus (E ') (the perhaps elastic energy of storage) with the ratio of loss modulus (E "), also be called the ability that angle tangent (E "/E ') is measured the damping effect or the material dissipation energy of material.The angle tangent is high more, and the ability of material dissipation energy is big more.
The amount of the energy that known, the angle tangent can be used to infer during foam deformation and plastic deformation, dissipate as heat.Preferably, shock-resistant part has the angle tangent value of going up variation little (for example,＜35%) at operating temperature range (for example ,-30 ℃ to 70 ℃).When shock-resistant part forms such as the dispersant system of energy widely that limits in the present invention, especially true.
The plate of freight container can use ball bounce-back test (DIN EN ISO8307) to quantize through the endergonic ability of material deformation.
As under related heading, the 28th to 31 page of WO90/05633 described, other measurements of rigidity comprise bending modulus and rigidity index.
In specific embodiment, first aspect of the present invention is modified to (unless otherwise indicated, it is identical that other characteristics keep), provides to comprise shock-resistant part (P i) freight container, wherein shock-resistant part (P i) and distal portions (P d) compare and have higher relatively energy absorption properties, freight container is characterised in that, P iAt least a and P of following character dCompare (that is (P, i-P d)/P i* 100)) have the difference of a%, wherein a% is at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%; More preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 100%; More preferably at least 200%, more preferably at least 300%, more preferably at least 500%; More preferably at least 700%, and most preferably at least 900%, wherein each item character is:
Ball bounce-back test (positive % difference);
Angle tangent (positive % difference);
Modulus of elasticity (negative % difference);
Bending modulus (negative % difference); And
Rigidity index (negative % difference).
Preferably, freight container has at least two, more preferably at least three of above-mentioned characteristic, more preferably at least four and most preferably have whole above-mentioned characteristics.Preferably, the EAC of these improvement is gone up at operating temperature range (30 ℃ to 70 ℃) and is existed.
Near the ability that the shock-resistant part of point of connection disperses also not have absorbed energy, depend on the energy disperse properties away from the part of point of connection and in fact whole freight container of plate.With preferably the shock-resistant part through bending, compression and other impermanencies elastic deformation force dissipation energy is opposite, distal portions preferably comes dissipation energy through vibration.This assigns to realize through the distal portion with higher elasticity modulus or higher stiffness.The vibration of distal portions causes energy through motion and alternatively through transferring to sealing member and fastener dissipates, wherein at sealing member and fastener place, energy also dissipates through the impermanency material deformation.
Shock-resistant partial sum distal portions can form the part of identical continuous plate, and perhaps they can be the plates that separates through such as securing device bonded assemblys such as pincers, riveting, bolt, glue and/or adhesivess.Preferably adopt adhesives, wherein adhesives preferably has the compound that comprises elastomeric polymer.
In the embodiment of two function blockes (that is, shock-resistant partial sum distal portions) in identical continuous plate, two function blockes are preferably through connections such as heat fusion or poly-mer welding technique.
In a preferred embodiment, shock-resistant part is that shock-resistant plate and distal portions are distal plate, and distal plate and shock-resistant plate are discrete plates.
Shock-resistant part preferably is installed to framework through elastic fixing device, and wherein elastic fixing device preferably includes spring-loaded bolt and/or adhesives.
According to the present invention the shock-resistant partial sum distal portions of example may reside in freight container sidewall, end wall, antetheca (door), base plate wall and/or top board wall a part or whole in the middle of.Preferably, because top board is the place of impacting generation from the great majority of treatment facility, therefore shock-resistant partial sum distal portions according to the present invention is present in the top board of freight container.The wall that except as otherwise noted, will mean freight container, top board, base plate or its part to quoting of term " plate ".
Shock-resistant part for example can be single-skin panel or can be laminate structure.Preferably, ply wood comprises skin, sandwich layer and internal layer (for example, sandwich construction).
In one embodiment, shock-resistant part is an individual layer.The expectation rigidity of soleplate will greatly influence material chosen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, shock-resistant individual layer comprises the low modulus polymers that the group that constitutes from elastomer vulcanizate and thermoplastic elastomer by low density polyethylene (LDPE), poly-urethane rubber, elastic epoxy resin, filling is chosen.In preferred embodiment of the present invention, shock-resistant single-layer portions comprises poly-urethane rubber.In preferred embodiment of the present invention, shock-resistant individual layer is processed by poly-urethane rubber.Single layer thickness is preferably between 10 to 30mm.
In another embodiment, shock-resistant part is a laminate structure.Below, be described under the situation that shock-resistant part processed by laminate structure, the preferred embodiment of shock-resistant part.The thickness of laminate structure is preferably between 20 to 30mm.
The skin of shock-resistant part
Skin preferably forms by having high tensile strength materials sheet material.
The expectation rigidity of outer and/or soleplate will greatly influence material chosen; In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the skin of shock-resistant plate comprises the low modulus polymers of from the group that elastomer vulcanizate and thermoplastic elastomer by low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyurethane, elastic epoxy resin, filling constitute, choosing.Outer field modulus is preferably lower than 50MPa.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the skin of shock-resistant part comprises poly-urethane rubber.In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the skin of shock-resistant part is processed by poly-urethane rubber.
The skin of shock-resistant part preferably has in the scope between 2% to 700%, the elongation rate of tensile failure in 500% to 700% scope (according to ISO527, confirm at 23 ℃ and 5mm/min place) in 30% to 700% scope and more preferably more preferably.
The sandwich layer of shock-resistant part
Sandwich layer preferably includes polymeric material, and it provides provides the elastomeric relatively mode of light (aspect weight) to wall.Polymeric material is foam of polymers preferably, and this is because it provides low-density structural materials.The foamed materials that is fit to comprises plastic foam, for example can use isocyanurate foam, polyethylene, polypropylene foam, ethylene-propylene copolymer foam, phenol formaldehyde foam or any other plastic foam known to those skilled in the art.The foam of polymers that is fit to exists as closed pore, synthesizing porous component of polymer, and in a preferred embodiment, it has about 20kg/m 3To 300kg/m 3Density.The density of foam can be progressive, and the zone of next-door neighbour's point of connection has the highest density.
Be used for foamed materials of the present invention and comprise such material, this material comprises poly-mer or ceramic hollow beads or hollow microsphere.
Preferably, foam of polymers is a closed-cell polyethylene foam, and this is because such foam has good energy dissipation performance.Preferably, foam is at the glass transition temperature (T that is equal to or less than 0 ℃ g), and the variation from the ratio of about-20 ℃ of that measure to about 50 ℃ range of temperatures, loss moduluses and storage modulus from intermediate value is not more than 50%.This has guaranteed that foam has good Dent resistance on its whole operation temperature.
Preferably, T gLess than-10 ℃ and more preferably less than-20 ℃.The angle tangent is in the variation preferably no more than 40% and more preferably no more than 30% between-20 ℃ to about 50 ℃ approximately.
Glass transition temperature (T g) preferably, measures modulus of elasticity T when taking place to descend according to being applicable to gASTM D4065-93 confirm by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA).
The internal layer of shock-resistant part
Internal layer can be identical with the structure of cladding material, thereby form common so-called battenboard.The internal layer of shock-resistant part preferably includes poly-urethane rubber.In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the internal layer of shock-resistant part is processed by poly-urethane rubber.
Distal portions can be processed by metals such as for example aluminium, can by metal alloy, preferably steel, more preferably be that corrosion-resistant steel or weathering steel (also being become the smooth steel of dagger-axe) are processed, but also can be laminate structure (laminate construction).Preferably, ply wood comprises skin, sandwich layer and internal layer (for example, sandwich construction).The thickness of laminate structure is preferably between 20mm and 30mm.
Hereinafter, be described under the situation that distal portions processed by laminate structure, the preferred embodiment of distal portions.
The skin of distal portions
The skin of distal portions preferably includes reinforced composite.Composite material preferably strengthens with fiber or line.The line that is fit to comprises aramid fiber, E fibrous glass or S fibrous glass, high-tenacity polyester fiber and the line that comprises superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers.The line of these types or fiber have the good combination of high strength and modulus of elasticity, and this can make them be particularly suitable for withstanding shocks.
The line that is fit to is for example with trade mark Kevlar TMAnd Twaron TMThe aramid fiber of selling.The yarn that comprises the high-tenacity polyester fiber is for example with trade mark Vectran TMSell, the yarn that comprises superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers is for example with trade mark Dyneema TMAnd Spectra TMSell.Fiber or yarn can form adhesive-bonded fabric or non-woven.
Fiber or line preferably have at least 0.5GPa, more preferably 1.2GPa, more preferably 2.5GPa and the more preferably pulling strengrth of 3.0GPa at least at least at least.
Fiber or line preferably are arranged in a plurality of layers, more preferably are arranged at least 3 layers.Preferably, the adjacent layer that has fiber or line is arranged with at least 30 ° angle.More preferably, the adjacent layer that has fiber or line is arranged with about 90 ° angle.Each layer preferably is embedded in themoplasticity or the thermoset resin substrate.As used herein; " thermoplastic base resin " is repeatedly and not can stand the basic resin that changes being heated with deliquescing, cooling and hardening, and " thermosetting resin " be obtain new, irreversible character in moulding, extruding and casting and after being set at for the very crucial temperature of various resins after, the deliquescing and the resin of processing again again.
Distal portions outer and/or soleplate preferably include at least the 50MPa and the fibre-reinforced composites of the modulus of 80MPa at least preferably.The rigidity of this matrix is particularly useful for such as rigid fibers such as fiberglass reinforcementes.The amount of the fiber in the skin, especially fibrous glass preferably is 40% by volume at least.
Skin preferably strengthens composite panel, but also can use such as metal sheets such as aluminium sheets.Can use such as polymer liner plates such as PP or PE as independent laminate structure, or as the part of laminate structure.
The sandwich layer of distal portions
Sandwich layer preferably includes polymeric material, and it provides the relative lighter mode that wall is provided rigidity.Polymeric material is foam of polymers preferably, and this is because it provides the low density structures material.The foamed materials that is fit to comprises metal foam, for example aluminum foam, glass foam or plastic foam, for example polyethylene terephthalate foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, isocyanurate foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene, polypropylene foam, ethylene-propylene copolymer foam, phenol formaldehyde foam, any other plastic foam known to those of skill in the art.Sandwich layer also can be processed by the following:
The metal-plastic foam that mixes;
Phenolic aldehyde/aramid fiber compound is such as the NOMEX that can be used for forming cellular sandwich layer
Figure BPA00001564294500101
paper etc.;
The polypropylene honeycomb;
Glass foam;
The Parabeam fabric;
Three-dimensional glass matrix; And
Cork wood matter core (is generally 100-240kg/m 3).
Preferably, the sandwich layer of distal portions comprises such as polyester forms such as polyethylene terephthalate foam, perhaps polyvinyl chloride foam.
Sandwich layer can be by a slice and a kind of basically material are processed basically.Sandwich layer also can be processed by reinforcing fiber materials.Yet, also can use the sandwich layer that comprises two or more superimposed layers.Two or more superimposed layers can be processed by identical or different material.The two-layer system that is fit to has been described in US4101704.One or more layers can be processed by reinforcing fiber materials.
Reinforcing fiber materials can be and the identical or different material of employed material in skin.
Sandwich layer can comprise that the support structure insert is to strengthen the Dent resistance of wall.Insert can be cellular or wave structure.At EP1596024, particularly in Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 and related text thereof, described preferred insert.
The internal layer of distal portions
Internal layer can be identical with the structure of cladding material, thereby form common so-called battenboard.The internal layer of distal portions preferably strengthens composite panel.
In one embodiment, internal layer is as the skeleton that proximal part and distal portions are linked together.In aspect of present embodiment, skeleton forms the part as the same plate of far-end and proximal part.In one aspect of the method, skeleton can receive the plate more than, and wherein each plate comprises foregoing skin and sandwich layer.In aspect this, skeleton can directly be transferred to energy the sandwich layer of distal portions, can reduce vibration thereby compare with the plate in the whole cross section that forms wall, top board or base plate.
Plate/part
The modulus of elasticity of distal portions is 1GPa at least preferably, more preferably is 10GPa at least, more preferably is 15GPa at least, most preferably is 20GPa at least.High bending property makes distal portions have enough rigidity structurally to support shock-resistant part, makes freight container satisfy on the whole in the test described in the part 6 of ISO1496-1 (the 5th edition) and/or in the test described in the part 8 of ISO1496-2 (the 5th edition).
Preferably, the geometry part with HI high impact probability of shock-resistant plate wrapper plate.For example, shock-resistant plate preferably extend greater than 300mm, more preferably greater than 500mm, more preferably greater than 700mm and more preferably greater than the scope of 1000mm.In order to make freight container can meet needed ISO structural requirement, shock-resistant part preferably is not more than 2500mm and more preferably is not more than 2000mm.
Preferably, the face area of shock-resistant part covering wall, top board or base plate less than 50%, more preferably less than 30% and more preferably less than 10% and more preferably less than 5% of the area of wall, base plate or the top board of freight container.
In one embodiment, shock-resistant plate is from comprising the connecting device connection corner fittings of (for example, being used to receive the hole from the hook of treatment facility), extending towards hithermost abutting end corner fittings.Plate preferably has the rectangle that is preferably more than 1.5 to 1 aspect ratio, and wherein length is measured on the direction of hithermost adjacent connection corner fittings.
Preferably, distal portions comprises and is connected the discrete one or more plates of proximal part that corner fittings is close to each.Preferably, distal plate take freight container wall at least, base plate or top board area at least 50%, more preferably at least 70% and more preferably at least 90% and more preferably at least 95%.
Shock-resistant plate and distal plate preferably can be connected to framework and can dismantle from framework, to enable the more efficient and more effective repairing to plate (one or more).
Preferably, at least wall, top board or base plate comprise at least four, more preferably be at least six, more preferably be at least eight and more preferably be at least ten plates.Preferably, wall, top board or base plate comprise less than 20 and more preferably less than 15 plates at least.
More plate then needs more connecting device so that shock-resistant partial sum distal portions is linked together.Each connecting device is the energy dissipation source, so the quantity of connecting device is many more, and is just more effective from the dissipation of energy of shock zone.
Energy dissipation unit also preferably is integrated into plate in the connecting device of framework.Preferably, plate is connected and/or the device that is sealed to framework comprises having less than 50MPa and preferably less than the polymer composites or the resilient coil (for example, elasticity loading bolt) of the modulus of 25MPa.
Being used for " detachably " of the present invention is meant that the plate that is directed against can separate, and can not demonstrate the permanent deformation or the deformity (that is, layer can separate repeated usage then) that cause it to be not suitable for to use (according to the standard of using among the ISO1496-1 of passing through).
Freight container of the present invention is standard 10,20,30,40 or 45 forty equivalent unit 40s preferably.In preferred embodiment, freight container is standard 45 forty equivalent unit 40s, and this is because these freight containers are used for road transport especially, the common Transportation Model greater than other of the frequency of wherein handling (probability that therefore damages).
Unless otherwise indicated, whole lists of references of this paper are incorporated into this by reference.
In the whole specification sheets and claims of this specification sheets, only if point out in addition in the literary composition, otherwise odd number also comprises the situation of plural number.Especially, when using indefinite article, only if point out in addition in the literary composition, otherwise this specification sheets is interpreted as and comprises a plurality of and odd number.
Characteristic, integer, characteristic and the cmpd described in conjunction with concrete aspect of the present invention, embodiment or example are appreciated that for being applicable to any other aspect as herein described, embodiment or example, only if incompatible with it.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the longitdinal cross-section diagram of container roof plate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 comprises the birds-eye view of the shock-resistant partial sum adjacent with point of connection away from the top board of the part of point of connection.
Fig. 3 is the birds-eye view that comprises the top board of the shock-resistant part adjacent with point of connection.
The specific embodiment
Now, further describe the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment particularly.
With reference to figure 1,2 and 3 (not to scale (NTS)), illustrate vertical frame support 10, it comprises ISO corner fittings 20 (Fig. 1); 20,21,22,23 and 24 (Fig. 2); 21 ', 22 ', 23 ', 24 ', 25 ', 26 ', 27 ' (Fig. 3).Framework is preferably by processing such as suitable materials such as steel.Preferably, the ISO corner fittings is like US7, in 059,488, particularly wherein Fig. 2 is to dismantled and assembled corner fittings shown in Figure 5.
Framework preferably is connected to shock-resistant plate 30, its next-door neighbour and preferably against framework.Preferably, shock-resistant plate is connected to framework through spring-loaded bolt 40, and spring-loaded bolt 40 is from the top and/or the fastening shock-resistant plate in below.Other point of connection can directly enter into sandwich layer from framework.
In Fig. 1, shock-resistant plate is a battenboard, comprises skin 50, sandwich layer 60 and internal layer 70.
(see figure 2) in an embodiment, top board preferably comprise shock-resistant plate 30 at each end of top board.Shock-resistant plate is connected to intermediate plate 100.Connection between the plate preferably through use the elastic caoutchouc sealing member and/or such as the spring-loaded fastener of spring-loaded bolt etc., make plate can carry out vertical shake in a way.Sandwich layer can be connected to adjacent sandwich layer through tongue and groove joint 130, and this helps to reduce the degree of vertical motion in the adjacent plate, and improves the damping of whole top board.Other are fit to is bonded on US5, describes in 030,488.
(see figure 3) in another embodiment, shock-resistant plate (30 ') be present in each point of connection (20 ', 21 ', 22 ', 23 ', 24 ', 25 ', 26 ', 27 ') on every side the zone.Shock-resistant plate be connected to intermediate plate 100 '.Preferably, the size of shock-resistant plate for point of connection 20 ', 21 ', 22 ', 23 ' on every side zone is 572mm * 600mm, for point of connection 24 ', 25 ', 26 ', 27 ' on every side zone is 590mm * 600mm.
Away from the intermediate plate 100/100 of point of connection ' preferably include outer 50 ', sandwich layer 60 ' and internal layer 70 '.Intermediate plate 100/100 ' also can be metallo-or metal alloy, such as steel etc.The modulus of elasticity of the shock-resistant plate of modular ratio of distal portions greatly at least 20%.
Freight container of the present invention also goes for and/or is revised as and is used for other application, such as building structure etc.
Experimental section
Make and tested rigidity battenboard (being used for distal portions) and flexible clip central layer (being used for shock-resistant part).
The material of rigidity battenboard
The top of rigidity battenboard and bottom composite skin are by two-layer three (45/90/+45) fibrous glass (can obtain from the Saertex of Germany the is commercial) supports of having flooded vinyl ester resin (ATLAC 430, can obtain from the DSM Composite Resin of Switzerland).The gross thickness that fibrous glass strengthens covering is 1.8mm.
Two groups of rigidity battenboards have been made; A series is through using 80kg/m 3, polyvinylchloride (PVC) foam core material that 25mm is thick (trade name C70.75 can obtain from the Airex of Switzerland is commercial) is made and another series through using 100kg/m 3The thick foam core material of poly terephthalic acid (PET) 25mm (brand name T90.100 can obtain from the Airex of Switzerland is commercial) make.For these two series, composite skin is same as described above.The gross thickness of the rigidity battenboard of being processed by PVC and PET foam core material is about 28mm.
The rigidity battenboard of two series is through manual range upon range of the manufacturing, and wherein glass fiber mats is through the manual vinyl ester resin that floods; Foam core material is placed between two " wetting " fibrous glass coverings, makes the upper and lower surfaces of core all be impregnated with vinyl ester resin.
Keep at room temperature 24h so that resin solidification plate then; Place them in the baking oven after 60 ℃, to solidify 24h thereafter.
In large-scale industrial production, rigidity battenboard (is foam core material with PVC and PET) is preferably with two step process manufacturings; At first preferably make composite skin, wherein make three glass fiber mats dipping vinyl ester resins in a continuous manner through continuous lamination.Cured resin is attached to composite skin through using polyurethane binder with the rigid foams core then, and wherein the final strength of polyurethane binder can reach after several days.
The material of flexible clip central layer
The covering up and down of flexible clip central layer is processed by pourable polyurethane (PU) (Bolipur 160, can obtain from the Bolidt of Holland is commercial); The PU covering is produced through part A and part B are mixed with 86: 14 blending ratio by weight.The PU covering all is that 2mm is thick up and down.
The sandwich layer of flexible clip central layer is processed by the thick closed-cell polyethylene of 20mm (PE) foam.
Mono-component liquid priming paint is coated on the upper and lower surfaces of PE foam and at room temperature keeps 24h to solidify; The PU compound of such part A and part B is infused on the foam surface and finally and spreads apart.This system at room temperature keeps 24h to solidify.
The gross thickness of flexible clip central layer is about 24mm.
The test of rigidity and flexible clip central layer
Crooked experiment according to ASTM D7429
With 4 crooked tests the rigidity battenboard (employed device is the 20kN load transducer of Zwick) that utilizes PVC and PET foam core material to process.Sample length is that 1200mm and width are about 62mm; The distance of test between the strut member is 1000mm and distance between two loaded members is 180mm.
With 3 crooked test elastic clip central layers (employed device is the 20kN LOAD CELLS of Zwick).Sample length is about 600mm and width is 65mm, and the distance between the test strut member is 300mm.
According to the result of crooked experiment, the modulus of elasticity when the rigidity battenboard of being processed by the PVC foam core material is crooked is 5,35kN/mm 2, the modulus of elasticity when the rigidity battenboard of being processed by the PET foam core material is crooked is 5,28kN/mm 2, and the modulus of elasticity during flexible clip central layer crooked is 0,00278kN/mm 2
Sand according to ISO179-1 is tested than impacting
Rigidity battenboard and elastic clip central layer that utilization is processed by PVC and PET foam core material carry out sand than impacting experiment (Charpy impact test).Specimen width is about 15mm; And sample thickness is about 28mm.
The impact energy of the rigidity battenboard of processing by the PVC foam core material than (Specific impact energy, impact energy than=be the impact energy (measuring)/(specimen width * sample thickness) of unit with J by the experiment machine) be 101kJ/m 2The impact energy ratio of the rigidity battenboard of being processed by the PET foam core material is 45kJ/m 2And the impact energy of flexible clip central layer is 126kJ/m than at least 2, this is because of in impact, not losing efficacy at this value place elastic clip central layer but after by bump, is being reduced to its original shape with no damage.
Elastic mould value between rigidity battenboard and the flexible clip central layer than big difference explained when flexible clip central layer rather than rigidity battenboard are used in the position of being clashed at freight container, the improvement of the Dent resistance of the freight container that obtains.
By when bump, the elastic clip central layer can stand elastic deformation greater than 40mm, and (this value is confirmed by 3 crooked experiments, wherein applies bending load and writes down elastic deformation; Obtain after the deformation values of 40mm, remove load and the behavior of record hysteresis: plate almost reverts to the original shape that does not have distortion for how much immediately, therefore because this is not permanent deformation, so the distortion of 40mm is " elastomeric " at least; After removing load, plate reverts to damage-free original shape).
On the other hand, rigid plate can not be born big like this elastic deformation and they rupture under much lower distortion situation.

Claims (15)

1. cargo-type container, it comprises:
Framework (10);
Point of connection (20,21,22,23-Fig. 2; 20 ', 21 ', 22 ', 23 ', 24 ', 25 ', 26 ', 27 '-Fig. 3), it is used for weight-lifting equipment is connected to said freight container; And
At least wall, top board or base plate comprise:
(a) near shock-resistant part (30-Fig. 2 of said point of connection; 30 '-Fig. 3); And
(b) away from distal portions (100-Fig. 2 of said point of connection; 100 '-Fig. 3);
Said wall at least, top board or base plate be characterised in that, the modulus of elasticity of the said shock-resistant part of modular ratio of said distal portions greatly at least 20%.
2. freight container according to claim 1, wherein said point of connection are the corner fittings that is connected to said framework in the top board side.
3. freight container according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said shock-resistant part has the modulus of elasticity of 1MPa at least.
4. according to each described freight container in the claim 1 to 3, wherein said shock-resistant part has the shock-resistant energy of at least 1.0 kilojoules.
5. according to each described freight container in the claim 1 to 4, wherein said shock-resistant part is extended greater than 750mm from the end of said freight container or from the end of said point of connection.
6. according to each described freight container in the claim 1 to 5, wherein said shock-resistant part is shock-resistant plate, and said distal portions is distal plate, and said distal plate and said shock-resistant plate are discrete plates.
7. freight container according to claim 6, wherein said plate separates through adhesives, and said adhesives has the compound that comprises elastomeric polymer.
8. according to each described freight container in the claim 1 to 7, wherein said shock-resistant part is installed to said framework through the elasticity securing device.
9. freight container according to claim 8, wherein said elasticity securing device comprises spring-loaded bolt and/or adhesives.
10. according to each described freight container in the claim 1 to 9, wherein said shock-resistant part comprises poly-urethane rubber.
11. according to each described freight container in the claim 1 to 10, the said distal portions of wherein said shock-resistant partial sum comprises skin, sandwich layer and internal layer.
12. freight container according to claim 11, at least one of each of wherein said distal portions layer comprises fiber reinforced composite.
13. comprising, freight container according to claim 12, wherein said fiber reinforced composite have the fiber or the line of the pulling strengrth of 0.5GPa at least.
14. according to each described freight container in the claim 1 to 13, wherein said shock-resistant part can be installed to said framework and can dismantle from said framework.
15. according to each described freight container in the claim 1 to 14, at least 30% of the face area of wherein said shock-resistant part covering wall, top board or base plate.
CN2010800563980A 2009-12-10 2010-12-10 Impact resistant freight container Pending CN102656100A (en)

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