CN102649571A - Production method for superfine tungsten carbide powder - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method for superfine tungsten carbide powder. The method comprises the following steps: performing wet grinding or dry grinding by using precursor powder containing carbon black and purple tungsten oxide; performing primary carbonization; adjusting the carbon amount of the product subject to the primary carbonization; and performing secondary carbonization to obtain the superfine tungsten carbide powder. Compared with other tungsten sources, the purple tungsten oxide has a loose needle-like aggregate structure and is suitable for preparing fine particles in the aspect of appearance. The purple tungsten oxide is subjected to ball milling for a long time, so the particle size is smaller; the purple tungsten oxide is directly reduced and carbonized under the property condition; the secondary carbonization is performed after the carbon amount is adjusted to the proper value after the primary carbonization, so the carbon content of the product is controlled well, the produced superfine tungsten carbide powder has narrow particle size distribution and high dispersibility and uniformity, the total carbon amount is closer to the carbon amount through stoichiometry, and the free carbon amount is low. The invention is simple in production process and has no special requirement on equipment. By the production method for dry grinding of the precursor powder, the production cost can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of working method of superfine tungsten carbide powder, particularly relate to the method that a kind of direct reduction and carbonization is produced superfine tungsten carbide powder.
Background technology
The ultra-fine cemented carbide that adopts superfine tungsten carbide powder to make has the characteristic of HS, high firmness; Efficiently solve the contradiction between traditional wimet hardness and the intensity, be widely used in making surface-mounted integrated circuit microbit, dot-matrix printer printing syringe needle, accurate tool and mould, difficult-to-machine material cutter, wood cutter, medical dental drill etc.
Directly the reduction and carbonization technology is the modern technique of producing superfine tungsten carbide powder, generally is that tungstenic precursor powder and certain proportion carbon source are heated under non-oxidizing atmosphere, and reduction reaction and carburizing reagent are carried out simultaneously, obtains tungsten-carbide powder.Because the carbon amount is wayward in the production process, general employing with after a certain proportion of carbon source reaction, transfers the reactant total carbon to certain value earlier again, carries out the reaction second time.Compare traditional method; Can obtain total carbon near 6.13% (mass percentage content of carbon in the wolfram varbide stoichiometric equation) with this method; The high quality tungsten-carbide powder that uncombined carbon is lower, and have the advantage that temperature of reaction is low, technology is simple, production cost is low, product performance are more excellent.But the wolfram varbide total carbon of its preparation still nonstoichiometry carbon amount is more, and uncombined carbon is still higher.Like Japanese Patent (publication number 2005-335997, open date 08.12.2005) with small WO
3Or WO
2.9Powder mixes with carbon black powders, at N
2In be heated to 1050~1200 ℃, obtain W, W
2The midbody of C and WC coexistence, after above midbody is pulverized again at H
2In be heated to 900~1300 ℃, obtain tungsten-carbide powder.This method can be produced mean particle size≤0.1 μ m through twice carbonization, total charcoal amount 6.13 ± 0.30%, the superfine tungsten carbide powder of free charcoal amount≤0.30%.But its total carbon nonstoichiometry carbon amount is more, and uncombined carbon is still higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency, provide a kind of total carbon more near the working method of stoichiometry carbon amount, superfine tungsten carbide powder that uncombined carbon is lower.
The working method of superfine tungsten carbide powder provided by the invention may further comprise the steps successively:
(1) with precursor powder ball milling 5~30 hours, sieve, the graphite boat of packing into carries out a carbonization under non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the carbon black mass percent is 13.4~14.5% in the said precursor powder, and surplus is the purple tungsten WO of particle diameter less than 12 μ m
x, x is 2.60~2.70, carbonization time 1~3 hour, obtains carbonized product one time;
(2) a carbonized product ball mill mixing that step (1) is obtained 2~3 hours; Detect carbon content, allotment charcoal amount to 6.10~6.30%, ball mill mixing is carried out the secondary carbonization under hydrogen atmosphere after 3~6 hours again; The secondary carbonization time is 1~3 hour, obtains the secondary carbonized product;
(3) the secondary carbonized product ball milling that step (2) is obtained 4~6 hours sieves, superfine tungsten carbide powder.
The described ball milling of step (1) can be wet-milling 12~30 hours and dry in spirituous solution, and a corresponding carbonization temperature is 1000~1400 ℃, and the secondary carbonization temperature is 1200~1500 ℃; Also can be dry grinding 5~20 hours, a corresponding carbonization temperature be 1200~1500 ℃, and the secondary carbonization temperature is 1400~1600 ℃.
As further improvement of the present invention, the described wet-milling time of step (1) is 18~24 hours, and the carbon black mass percent is 14.0~14.5% in the precursor powder, purple tungsten WO
x, x is that 2.60~2.65, carbonization temperature is 1000~1100 ℃, carbonization time 1~2 hour; The described allotment charcoal of step (2) amount is 6.15~6.25%, and the ball mill mixing time is 4~6 hours, and the secondary carbonization temperature is 1200~1300 ℃, carbonization time 1~2 hour.
For obtaining better size-grade distribution, can in the described precursor powder of step (1), add chromium sesquioxide as crystal grow up suppressor factor, ball mill pulverizing again.The best additional proportion of chromium sesquioxide is 0.7 %~1% of precursor powder weight.
Production technique of the present invention is simple, and equipment is not had particular requirement.Owing to compare other tungsten sources, purple tungsten is the needle-like crumb structure of loosening, and on pattern, is more suitable for preparing fine particle.Purple tungsten adopts long-time ball milling among the present invention; Granularity is thinner; Direct reduction and carbonization under appropriate condition again; Adopt the secondary carborization that the carbon content of product is better controlled, the superfine tungsten carbide powder narrow particle size distribution of therefore producing, dispersed and homogeneity is better, total carbon is lower near stoichiometry carbon amount, uncombined carbon.It is 0.1~0.8 μ m that the working method of use wet-milling precursor powder can be produced the BET particle diameter; Total carbon content 6.10~6.30%; Free charcoal content 0.02%~0.15%; Chemical purity reaches more than 99.8%, grinds narrow particle size distribution, the dispersed and high-quality preferably superfine tungsten carbide powder of homogeneity that attitude Ma Erwen size-grade distribution becomes unimodal normal distribution; Working method with the dry grinding precursor powder can be produced BET particle diameter 0.4~0.8 μ m, total charcoal amount 6.10~6.30%, and the superfine tungsten carbide powder of free charcoal amount 0.02%~0.15%, and can reduce production costs by a relatively large margin.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the superfine tungsten carbide powder that embodiment 1 obtains grinds attitude Ma Erwen particle size distribution figure.
Fig. 2 is that the superfine tungsten carbide powder that embodiment 2 obtains grinds attitude Ma Erwen particle size distribution figure.
Fig. 3 is that the superfine tungsten carbide powder that embodiment 3 obtains grinds attitude Ma Erwen particle size distribution figure.
Fig. 4 is that the superfine tungsten carbide powder that embodiment 4 obtains grinds attitude Ma Erwen particle size distribution figure.
Embodiment
The mass percent of embodiment 1 precursor powder carbon content is 14.5%, and surplus is purple tungsten WO
x, x is 2.60; The chromium sesquioxide that adds precursor powder mass percent 1%.Above-mentioned powder is ball-milling medium with alcohol, liquid-solid ratio 400ml/kg, and the ball milling time is 24 hours.Powder behind the ball milling was put 80~95 ℃ of oven dryings 3 hours, and dried powder is packed in the graphite boat, and in non-oxidizing atmosphere carbonization next time, carbonization temperature is 1000~1100 ℃, carbonization time 1 hour.Carbonized product ball mill mixing 3 hours, detecting total carbon content is 5.96%.Transfer mixed carbon comtent to 6.15%, ball mill mixing is after 6 hours again, and the graphite boat of packing into is at H
2In carry out the secondary carbonization, the secondary carbonization temperature is 1200~1300 ℃, carbonization time 1 hour.To secondary carbonized product ball milling 6 hours, sieve the total charcoal amount 6.15% of the superfine tungsten carbide powder that obtains, free charcoal 0.04%; BET particle diameter 0.211 μ m, grinding attitude Ma Erwen size-grade distribution is unimodal normal distribution, span is 1.470; D10 is 0.391 μ m; D50 is 0.883 μ m, and D90 is 1.689 μ m, sees Fig. 1.
The mass percent of embodiment 2 precursor powder carbon contents is 14.0%, and surplus is purple tungsten WO
x, x is 2.65; The chromium sesquioxide that adds precursor powder mass percent 0.7%.Above-mentioned powder is ball-milling medium with alcohol, liquid-solid ratio 400ml/kg, and the ball milling time is 18 hours.Powder behind the ball milling was put 80~95 ℃ of oven dryings 3 hours, dried powder packed in the graphite boat, and in non-oxidizing atmosphere carbonization next time, 1000~1100 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 2 hours.Carbonized product ball mill mixing 2 hours, the total carbon content of check and analysis is 5.43%.Transfer mixed carbon comtent to 6.25%, remix 4 hours is with a carbonized product that the mixes up carbon graphite boat of packing into, at H
2In carry out the secondary carbonization, 1200~1300 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization 2 hours.Secondary carbonized product ball milling 4 hours, sieve the total charcoal amount 6.25% of the superfine tungsten carbide powder that obtains, free charcoal 0.10%; BET particle diameter 0.301 μ m, grinding attitude Ma Erwen size-grade distribution is unimodal normal distribution, span is 1.304; D10 is 0.570 μ m; D50 is 1.093 μ m, and D90 is 1.995 μ m, sees Fig. 2.
The mass percent of embodiment 3 precursor powder carbon contents is 13.4%, and surplus is purple tungsten WO
x, x is 2.70; The chromium sesquioxide that adds precursor powder mass percent 0.3%.Above-mentioned powder is ball-milling medium with alcohol, liquid-solid ratio 400ml/kg, and the ball milling time is 12 hours.Powder behind the ball milling was put 80~95 ℃ of oven dryings 3 hours, and dried powder is packed in the graphite boat, and in non-oxidizing atmosphere carbonization next time, one time carbonization temperature is 1100~1250 ℃, carbonization time 3 hours.Carbonized product ball mill mixing 2 hours, detecting total carbon content is 5.33%.Transfer mixed carbon comtent to 6.20%, ball mill mixing is after 3 hours again, and the graphite boat of packing into is at H
2In carry out the secondary carbonization, the secondary carbonization temperature is 1300~1400 ℃, carbonization time 3 hours.Secondary carbonized product ball milling 4 hours, sieve the total charcoal amount 6.20% of the superfine tungsten carbide powder that obtains, free charcoal 0.10%; BET particle diameter 0.391 μ m, grinding attitude Ma Erwen size-grade distribution is unimodal normal distribution, span is 1.726; D10 is 0.371 μ m; D50 is 0.991 μ m, and D90 is 2.082 μ m, sees Fig. 3.
The mass percent of embodiment 4 precursor powder carbon contents is 14.5%, and surplus is purple tungsten WO
x, x is 2.67.Precursor powder is ball-milling medium with alcohol, liquid-solid ratio 400ml/kg, and the ball milling time is 30 hours.Powder behind the ball milling was put 80~95 ℃ of oven dryings 3 hours, and dried powder is packed in the graphite boat, and in non-oxidizing atmosphere carbonization next time, one time carbonization temperature is 1250~1400 ℃, carbonization time 2 hours.Carbonized product ball mill mixing 2 hours, the total carbon content of check and analysis is 6.05%, transfers mixed carbon comtent to 6.10%, and ball mill mixing is after 3 hours again, and the graphite boat of packing into is at H
2In carry out the secondary carbonization, the secondary carbonization temperature is 1400~1500 ℃, carbonization time 3 hours.Secondary carbonized product ball milling 6 hours, sieve the total charcoal amount 6.10% of the superfine tungsten carbide powder that obtains, free charcoal 0.02%; BET particle diameter 0.424 μ m, grinding attitude Ma Erwen size-grade distribution is unimodal normal distribution, span is 2.630; D10 is 0.351 μ m; D50 is 1.028 μ m, and D90 is 3.056 μ m, sees Fig. 4.
The mass percent of embodiment 5 precursor powder carbon contents is 14.5%, and surplus is purple tungsten WO
x, x is 2.60; The chromium sesquioxide that adds precursor powder mass percent 0.3%.Above-mentioned powder ball milling is after 5 hours, and the graphite boat of packing into is in non-oxidizing atmosphere carbonization next time; One time carbonization temperature is 1300~1400 ℃, carbonization time 2 hours, carbonized product ball mill mixing 2 hours; Detecting total carbon content is 5.74%, transfers mixed carbon comtent to 6.20%, and ball mill mixing is after 3 hours again; The graphite boat of packing into is at H
2In carry out the secondary carbonization, 1400~1500 ℃ of secondary carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 3 hours.4 hours ball millings of secondary carbonized product, sieve, obtain superfine tungsten carbide powder, total charcoal amount 6.18%, free charcoal 0.03%, BET particle diameter 0.521 μ m.
The mass percent of embodiment 6 tungstenic precursor powder carbon contents is 13.9%, and surplus is purple tungsten WO
x, x is 2.65; The chromium sesquioxide that adds precursor powder mass percent 0.65%.Above-mentioned powder ball milling is after 12.5 hours, and the graphite boat of packing into is in non-oxidizing atmosphere carbonization next time; Carbonization temperature is 1200~1300 ℃, carbonization time 3 hours, carbonized product ball mill mixing 3 hours; Detecting total carbon content is 5.54%, transfers mixed carbon comtent to 6.30%, and ball mill mixing is after 4.5 hours again; The graphite boat of packing into is at H
2In carry out the secondary carbonization, carbonization temperature is 1450~1550 ℃, carbonization time 2 hours.Secondary carbonized product ball milling 5 hours, sieve the total charcoal amount 6.28% of the superfine tungsten carbide powder that obtains, free charcoal 0.13%, BET particle diameter 0.400 μ m.
The mass percent of embodiment 7 precursor powder carbon contents is 14%, and surplus is purple tungsten WO
x, x is 2.70; The chromium sesquioxide that adds precursor powder mass percent 1.0%.Above-mentioned powder ball milling is after 20 hours, and the graphite boat of packing into is in non-oxidizing atmosphere carbonization next time; One time carbonization temperature is 1200~1300 ℃, carbonization time 1 hour, carbonized product ball mill mixing 2 hours; Detecting total carbon content is 5.82%, transfers mixed carbon comtent to 6.25%, and ball mill mixing is after 6 hours again; The graphite boat of packing into is at H
2In carry out the secondary carbonization, 1450~1550 ℃ of secondary carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 1 hour.Secondary carbonized product ball milling 6 hours, sieve the total charcoal amount 6.21% of the superfine tungsten carbide powder that obtains, free charcoal 0.09%, BET particle diameter 0.300 μ m.
The mass percent of embodiment 8 precursor powder carbon contents is 13.4%, and surplus is purple tungsten WO
x, x is 2.67.Behind the precursor powder ball milling 8 hours, the graphite boat of packing into is in non-oxidizing atmosphere carbonization next time; One time carbonization temperature is 1400~1500 ℃, carbonization time 1 hour, carbonized product ball mill mixing 3 hours; Detecting total carbon content is 5.24%, transfers mixed carbon comtent to 6.10%, and ball mill mixing is 3 hours again; The graphite boat of packing into is at H
2In carry out the secondary carbonization, 1500~1600 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 2 hours.Secondary carbonized product ball milling 4 hours, sieve the total charcoal amount 6.11% of the superfine tungsten carbide powder that obtains, free charcoal 0.02%, BET particle diameter 0.765 μ m.
Claims (6)
1. the working method of a superfine tungsten carbide powder may further comprise the steps:
(1) with precursor powder ball milling 5~30 hours, sieve, the graphite boat of packing into carries out a carbonization under non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the carbon black mass percent is 13.4~14.5% in the said precursor powder, and surplus is the purple tungsten WO of particle diameter less than 12 μ m
x, x is 2.60~2.70, carbonization time 1~3 hour, obtains carbonized product one time;
(2) a carbonized product ball mill mixing that step (1) is obtained 2~3 hours; Detect carbon content, allotment charcoal amount to 6.10~6.30%, ball mill mixing is carried out the secondary carbonization under hydrogen atmosphere after 3~6 hours again; The secondary carbonization time is 1~3 hour, obtains the secondary carbonized product;
(3) the secondary carbonized product ball milling that step (2) is obtained 4~6 hours sieves, superfine tungsten carbide powder.
2. the working method of superfine tungsten carbide powder according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the described ball milling of step (1) is wet-milling in spirituous solution 12~30 hours and dry; One time carbonization temperature is 1000~1400 ℃, and the described secondary carbonization temperature of step (2) is 1200~1500 ℃.
3. the working method of superfine tungsten carbide powder according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the described ball milling of step (1) is dry grinding 5~20 hours; One time carbonization temperature is 1200~1500 ℃, and the described secondary carbonization temperature of step (2) is 1400~1600 ℃.
4. the working method of superfine tungsten carbide powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the described precursor powder of step (1), adding chromium sesquioxide as crystal grow up suppressor factor, ball mill pulverizing again.
5. the working method of superfine tungsten carbide powder according to claim 2 is characterized in that the described wet-milling time of step (1) is 18~24 hours, and the carbon black mass percent is 14.0~14.5% in the precursor powder, purple tungsten WO
x, x is that 2.60~2.65, carbonization temperature is 1000~1100 ℃, carbonization time 1~2 hour; The described allotment charcoal of step (2) amount is 6.15~6.25%, and the ball mill mixing time is 4~6 hours, and the secondary carbonization temperature is 1200~1300 ℃, carbonization time 1~2 hour.
6. the working method of superfine tungsten carbide powder according to claim 4, the best additional proportion that it is characterized in that chromium sesquioxide is 0.7~1.0% of a precursor powder weight.
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Patent Citations (1)
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JP2005335997A (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-08 | Allied Material Corp | Tungsten carbide powder having nano particle size and its manufacturing method |
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CN109485046A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-19 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | A kind of tungsten carbide powder and preparation method thereof |
CN109485046B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2022-06-03 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Tungsten carbide powder and preparation method thereof |
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