CN102648067A - Sawing of blocks into wafers using diamond coated wires - Google Patents

Sawing of blocks into wafers using diamond coated wires Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102648067A
CN102648067A CN2010800420417A CN201080042041A CN102648067A CN 102648067 A CN102648067 A CN 102648067A CN 2010800420417 A CN2010800420417 A CN 2010800420417A CN 201080042041 A CN201080042041 A CN 201080042041A CN 102648067 A CN102648067 A CN 102648067A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
solvent
wire rod
blocks
technology
surfactant
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN2010800420417A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
莫汉·梅农
斯蒂安·桑内斯
埃里克·萨乌尔
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REC WAFER Pte Ltd
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REC Wafer Norway AS
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Publication of CN102648067A publication Critical patent/CN102648067A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28DWORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/04Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
    • B28D5/045Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools by cutting with wires or closed-loop blades
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23DPLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D57/00Sawing machines or sawing devices not covered by one of the preceding groups B23D45/00 - B23D55/00
    • B23D57/0007Sawing machines or sawing devices not covered by one of the preceding groups B23D45/00 - B23D55/00 using saw wires
    • B23D57/0023Sawing machines or sawing devices not covered by one of the preceding groups B23D45/00 - B23D55/00 using saw wires with a plurality of saw wires or saw wires having plural cutting zones
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28DWORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/005Cutting sheet laminae in planes between faces

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A process for cutting a block of material (16) into a multiplicity of wafers by movement of a planar array of generally parallel fast moving wires (9) embedded with abrasive particles relative to the block (or vice versa) in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the wires (9) and applying a solvent to the wires (9) before the wires (9) pass through the block (16), in which the solvent includes an additive to reduce the surface tension in the solvent before the solvent is carried by the wires (9) into the block. The invention includes apparatus for the process, and wafers when made by the process.

Description

Use the wire rod of coated with cvd diamond that blocks is cut into wafer
Technical field
The present invention relates to blocks is cut into a large amount of thin wafers.Particularly the present invention relates to bulk si is cut into the wafer that is used for electronics, semiconductor and photovoltaic cell industry and similar application.
Background technology
The technology that the multi-thread material array that uses the wire rod of fast moving to constitute is used for blocks is cut into LED reverse mounting type is known.An instance that is used for the sand linear cutting equipment is disclosed in british patent specification 2,414,204.The present invention does not limit the use of in this equipment, also is applicable to be used for the blocks line is cut in any technology of LED reverse mounting type.
Wafer can be from multiple material, and for example Si, SiC, GaAs and sapphire blocks cut out and be used for electronics, semiconductor and photovoltaic application.For photovoltaic application, polycrystalline or silicon single crystal wafer are processed through the cutting bulk silicon.At present, multi-thread cutting is used for cutting the Si wafer in a large number from bulk si, and can make high-quality LED reverse mounting type (<200 μ m) apace.Diamond particles is bonded on the wire rod of scroll saw, and use solvent for example water take away silicon and heat from block Si.
Vertically high speed (5-20m/s) is when moving into blocks with the right angle when parallel wire array, and solvent is brought into this blocks.Purpose is the cutting and minimum solvent loss with high-throughput, produces high-quality wafer at low cost.Cut out wafer in the process window that can limit in these characteristics of size and dimension, solvent properties and saw parameter through for example viscosity, abrasive particle.
One of maximum loss classification is the thickness fluctuation (LATF) at regional area.These fluctuations occur in cut between elementary period, and can cause varied in thickness and produce unacceptable thick and thin wafer.
The reason that these take place is that paired wire rod attracts each other.The one of the main reasons that these take place is the surface tension of the solvent that is used to cut.This surface tension is pulled in two adjacent wire rods together, makes their pairings and causes the thick wafer of twice pitch.This problem is progressively aggravated when wafer thickness and wire thickness reduce.
Also, wire rod is shown is pulled in power together referring to Fig. 1:
F = 2 γ L sin ( α + θ ) + 2 γL r R sin α
Wherein γ is the surface tension of solvent, and L is a solvent film length between wire rod, and r is the wire rod radius, and R is the curvature on solvent surface between wire rod, the angle of wetting between θ=solvent and the wire rod, and α is the angle that contact point is confirmed between solvent and the wire rod.
The present invention depends on and recognizes that the solvent surface tension is the key parameter of power between the control wire rod, prevents regional area varied in thickness (LATF) thereby should reduce this surface tension.
United States Patent (USP) 6,054,422 disclose a kind of different additive through add disperseing SiC for example the surfactant manufacturing have the method for the slurry of higher stability.
Patent US 6,602, and 834 disclose through improving viscosity and/or adding dispersant and polyeletrolyte is made the method for stable slurry with patent application WO03/042340, WO2008/027374A1, WO2009/017672 and US 2009/0126713.Yet these openly do not mention the slurry based on PEG, and only are used for the slurry based on water.
These open composition preparations that all openly do not prevent the LATF phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of technology that is used for blocks is cut into a large amount of wafers; This technology is through carrying out with respect to the planar array of the fast moving wire rod of the mobile almost parallel of blocks (or vice versa) with the direction perpendicular to the wire rod plane; Said wire rod is embedded with abrasive particle; And through before the said blocks said wire rod is applied solvent at said wire rod; Wherein said solvent comprises additive, gets into and reduces the surface tension in the solvent before the said blocks thereby carry said solvent at wire rod.
Preferred said abrasive particle is a diamond.
Said solvent is the water of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or 5-100 weight % advantageously.
Preferred said additive is the surfactant that is soluble in the said solvent.
In this last form of mentioning, said surfactant can not have metal ion.
Preferred said surfactant can withstand the temperature that runs into when wire rod begins to cut the entering blocks; But in getting into the inner working angles of blocks, can not withstand the temperature that runs into, and the temperature that preferably in getting into the inner working angles of blocks, runs into is in addition enough destroyed said additive.
Advantageously, thus introduce the viscosity that thickener is regulated said solvent.
Advantageously, use antifoaming agent to form with the bubble that reduces in solvent.
In a form, preferred said surfactant is a nonionic, the for example block copolymer of ethene and propylene oxide, or octyl phenol ethoxylate.
In another form, preferred said surfactant is an ion.
The present invention includes and be used to carry out the equipment of technology as stated.
The present invention includes through technology manufacturing as stated or the wafer that produces at the equipment that is used for this technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure that shows two adjacent wire rods of pulling.
Fig. 2 is the figure that shows the specific embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Through the three experiments specific embodiment, Fig. 2 schematically shows that solvent is applied to wire-electrode cutting device wherein when wire rod engages blocks or ingot shape body referring now to accompanying drawing (Fig. 2).These figure only are diagrams, do not represent any concrete machine.
As shown in Figure 2, the machine that is used for blocks is cut into a large amount of LED reverse mounting types has four parallel rollers, and their axis forms rectangle.The wire rod that is embedded with diamond particles 9 is crossed guider 10 supply with first roller 11.Pass to roller 12 to wire rod 9 approximate horizontal then, and therefrom vertically upward to roller 14.Roller 14 is driven vollers, and wire rod 9 passes roller 14, and it flatly can insert cutting zone 15 wherein through blocks or ingot shape body 16 afterwards.After passing through cutting zone 15, wire rod 9 passes main drive roll 17, and downward therefrom the generation around the second time of first roller 11 turns to.So can form parallel wire array through cutting zone 15.At the far-end of each roller, wire rod 9 is crossed second guider 18 recall.Drive wire rod 9 with at a high speed (5-20m/s), and ingot shape body 16 moves up slowly through cutting zone, it is cut into LED reverse mounting type by wire rod at this cutting zone.
Through nozzle 19 with on the wire rod between solvent draw roll 14 and the ingot shape body 16.The present invention relates to the formation of solvent.
Embodiment
Provided the instance of the typical solvent that is used for the line cutting as follows.The amount of surfactant increases when reducing wafer and wire thickness.Identical surfactant can be used to all embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Be used to use through the water-soluble preparation of non-ionic surfactant (is 280cST 35 ℃ of following viscosity) that constitutes by the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer and be embedded with the solvent that adamantine wire rod cuts 5 weight %.This solvent is used to use and is embedded with the adamantine wire rod of 120 μ m and cuts the thick silicon wafer of 160 μ m.
Embodiment 2
Be used to use through the water-soluble preparation of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer (is 280cST 35 ℃ of following viscosity) and be embedded with the solvent that adamantine wire rod cuts 10 weight %.This solvent is used to use and is embedded with the adamantine wire rod of 100 μ m and cuts the thick silicon wafer of 140 μ m.
Embodiment 3
Be used to use through the water-soluble preparation of octyl phenol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant (1.5 moles of EO) and be embedded with the solvent that adamantine wire rod cuts 5 weight %.Add ethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymer (20% polypropylene molecule amount: 2750) of 1 weight % as antifoaming agent.This solvent is used to use and is embedded with the adamantine wire rod of 120 μ m and cuts the thick silicon wafer of 160 μ m.
Embodiment 4
Through (20% polypropylene molecule amount: 2750) water-soluble preparation is used to use and is embedded with the solvent that adamantine wire rod cuts with ethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymer of 5 weight %.This solvent is used to use and is embedded with the adamantine wire rod of 120 μ m and cuts the thick silicon wafer of 160 μ m.
Embodiment 5
Through (20% polypropylene molecule amount: 2750) water-soluble preparation is used to use and is embedded with the solvent that adamantine wire rod cuts with ethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymer of 8 weight %.This solvent is used to use and is embedded with the adamantine wire rod of 100 μ m and cuts the thick silicon wafer of 140 μ m.
Embodiment 6
The non-ionic surfactant that 0.5 and 1 weight % is made up of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer (is 280cST 35 ℃ of following viscosity) is water-soluble and test its wetability on steel.The result shows needs 1 weight % providing effectively wetting, and 0.5 weight % is not enough to obtain effective effect.
Embodiment 7
Be used to use through the water-soluble preparation of non-ionic surfactant that constitutes by ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer (is 280cST 35 ℃ of following viscosity) and be embedded with the solvent that adamantine wire rod cuts 1 weight %.This solvent is used to use and is embedded with the adamantine wire rod of 120 μ m and cuts the thick silicon wafer of 160 μ m.
Embodiment 8
Be used to use through the water-soluble preparation of non-ionic surfactant that constitutes by ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer (is 280cST 35 ℃ of following viscosity) and be embedded with the solvent that adamantine wire rod cuts 3 weight %.This solvent is used to use and is embedded with the adamantine wire rod of 120 μ m and cuts the thick silicon wafer of 160 μ m.
Recommend the surfactant of 1-10 weight %.
The selection of concrete material is following in the technology of the present invention.
The surfactant that uses can be the block copolymer of oxyalkylene; For example ethylene oxide, propylene oxide copolymer (the Pluronic series of BASF and the Tergitol L of DOW are serial); The ethoxylate of nonyl phenol/alcohol (the Tergitol series of DOW); Octyl phenol ethoxylate (the triton X series of DOW) and different alcohol and oxo alcohol (the Lutensol TO of BASF and AO series).
Preferred nonionic surfactants, this is owing to its use simple and easy (need not neutralization) and owing to its compatibility with the adhesive that exists, this adhesive is used for the bulk si of being installed in sawing is connected with glass plate.In addition, this system is compatible with the washing chemistry that is used for industry.
The thickener that uses can be synthetic or natural clay, colloid, xanthans, polyvinyl alcohol and cellulosic-based material, for example carboxymethyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose.
Advantage of the present invention
The application of the invention, the LATF problem will reduce.The surface tension of solvent will reduce, and cause the cleaning of wetting and some wafers after cutting of wire rod preferably.Capillaryly reduce also to mean that the power between (cutting back) two wafers will diminish, cause the power reduction of separating wafer needs.Better wetting wire rod should guarantee that solvent is sent to blocks in cutting process.Use of the present invention should allow to produce LED reverse mounting type by fine rule.Thinner SiC also can be used for cutting, causes wafer to produce preferable surface finish.

Claims (16)

1. blocks is cut into the technology of a large amount of wafers; It is through carrying out with respect to the planar array of the fast moving wire rod of the mobile almost parallel of blocks (or vice versa) with the direction perpendicular to the wire rod plane; Said wire rod is embedded with abrasive particle; And through before the said blocks said wire rod is applied solvent at said wire rod, wherein
-said solvent comprises additive, gets into and reduces the surface tension in the solvent before the said blocks thereby carry said solvent at wire rod.
2. technology according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particle is a diamond.
3. according to claim 1 or the described technology of claim 2, wherein said solvent is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
4. according to claim 1 or the described technology of claim 2, wherein said solvent is the water of 5-100 weight %.
5. according to each the described technology in the claim 1 to 4, wherein said additive is the surfactant that is soluble in the said solvent.
6. technology according to claim 5, wherein said surfactant does not have metal ion.
7. according to claim 5 or the described technology of claim 6; Wherein said surfactant can withstand the temperature that runs into when said wire rod begins to cut the said blocks of entering, but in getting into the inner working angles of said blocks, can not withstand the temperature that runs into.
8. technology according to claim 7 wherein gets into the temperature that runs in the inner working angles of said blocks and enough destroys said additive.
9. according to each the described technology in the claim 5 to 8, thereby wherein introduce the viscosity that thickener is regulated said solvent.
10. according to each the described technology in the claim 5 to 9, wherein antifoaming agent is used to reduce the bubble formation in said solvent.
11. according to each the described technology in the claim 5 to 10, wherein said surfactant is a nonionic.
12. technology according to claim 11, wherein said non-ionic surface active agent are the block copolymers of ethene and propylene oxide.
13. technology according to claim 11, wherein said non-ionic surface active agent is one of following material: ethylene oxide, propylene oxide copolymer, octyl phenol ethoxylate, the ethoxylate of nonyl phenol/alcohol, different alcohol or oxo alcohol.
14. according to each the described technology in the claim 5 to 10, wherein said surfactant is an ion.
15. be used for carrying out equipment according to each described technology of claim 1-14.
16. according to each technology or the wafer of in the equipment of claim 15, making among the claim 1-14.
CN2010800420417A 2009-09-17 2010-09-17 Sawing of blocks into wafers using diamond coated wires Pending CN102648067A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0916339A GB2473628A (en) 2009-09-17 2009-09-17 Process for cutting a multiplicity of wafers
GB0916339.5 2009-09-17
PCT/NO2010/000339 WO2011034439A1 (en) 2009-09-17 2010-09-17 Sawing of blocks into wafers using diamond coated wires

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CN102648067A true CN102648067A (en) 2012-08-22

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CN (1) CN102648067A (en)
GB (1) GB2473628A (en)
TW (1) TW201131628A (en)
WO (1) WO2011034439A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102950659A (en) * 2012-10-18 2013-03-06 江西赛维Ldk太阳能高科技有限公司 Silicon block cutting device
CN104385470A (en) * 2014-11-18 2015-03-04 泉州市永茂电子科技有限公司 Crystal bar slicing system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2497120A (en) 2011-12-01 2013-06-05 Rec Wafer Norway As Production of mono-crystalline silicon
GB2502102A (en) * 2012-05-16 2013-11-20 Rec Wafer Norway As Improved production of monocrystalline silicon
TWI632041B (en) * 2017-09-11 2018-08-11 環球晶圓股份有限公司 Ingot slicing method and slicing abrasive kit

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US6602834B1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2003-08-05 Ppt Resaerch, Inc. Cutting and lubricating composition for use with a wire cutting apparatus
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CN1953835A (en) * 2004-05-18 2007-04-25 Rec斯坎沃佛股份有限公司 Abrasive wire sawing
US20090126713A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-05-21 Steven Grumbine Slurry composition containing non-ionic polymer and method for use
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US6054422A (en) * 1999-02-19 2000-04-25 Ppt Research, Inc. Cutting and lubricating composition for use with a wire cutting apparatus
US6602834B1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2003-08-05 Ppt Resaerch, Inc. Cutting and lubricating composition for use with a wire cutting apparatus
US20040231134A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2004-11-25 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Method for cutting rare earth alloy, method for manufacturing rare earth magnet, and wire-saw machine
WO2003042340A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-22 Ppt Research, Inc. A cutting and lubricating composition for use with a wire cutting apparatus
CN1953835A (en) * 2004-05-18 2007-04-25 Rec斯坎沃佛股份有限公司 Abrasive wire sawing
CN101528885A (en) * 2006-08-30 2009-09-09 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 Aqueous fluid compositions for abrasive slurries, methods of production, and methods of use thereof
US20090126713A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-05-21 Steven Grumbine Slurry composition containing non-ionic polymer and method for use

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102950659A (en) * 2012-10-18 2013-03-06 江西赛维Ldk太阳能高科技有限公司 Silicon block cutting device
CN104385470A (en) * 2014-11-18 2015-03-04 泉州市永茂电子科技有限公司 Crystal bar slicing system
CN104385470B (en) * 2014-11-18 2016-07-06 泉州市永茂电子科技有限公司 A kind of crystal bar slice systems

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Publication number Publication date
TW201131628A (en) 2011-09-16
WO2011034439A1 (en) 2011-03-24
GB0916339D0 (en) 2009-10-28
JP2013505576A (en) 2013-02-14
GB2473628A (en) 2011-03-23

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Application publication date: 20120822