CN102647250A - Cooperative communication method based on clustering sphere decoding in virtual MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cooperative communication method based on clustering sphere decoding in virtual MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output). The cooperative communication method comprises the following steps of: at first, clustering sensor nodes in a wireless sensing network by using a load balanced type responsive distributed clustering algorithm (RDCA); secondly, selecting a cooperative node (CN) of each cluster head after clustering; thirdly, transferring a cluster head node (CH) to the cooperative node (CN) after data combination; and finally, commonly sending data to a convergence point, and using a sphere decoding algorithm at a receiving end, so that the transmission efficiency of the wireless sensing network is improved by compromising complexity and error rate property. With the adoption of the method, the advantages of space-time coding are expanded into a plurality of clusters, and the cooperative control among the clusters in a traditional scheme is avoided. Meanwhile, the improved sphere decoding strategy is used at the receiving end, so that the transmission efficiency of the wireless sensing network is improved by improving a throughput rate of the entire wireless sensing network system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless cooperative communication, in particular to a wireless sensor network, and more particularly to a cooperative communication method based on clustering sphere decoding in virtual MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Out-Input).
Background
The wireless sensor network integrates a plurality of technologies such as a sensing technology, a wireless communication technology, an embedded technology and the like, can be widely applied to a plurality of fields such as military, medical treatment, business and family, and has recently received wide attention from the academic and industrial fields. The wireless sensor network needs to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, reduce the bit error rate, prolong the communication distance, expand the network range, reduce the times of redundant retransmission and relay routing, indirectly increase the data throughput of a channel and improve the transmission efficiency in a proper mode under the condition of smaller transmission power. The virtual MIMO technology is one of the technologies for effectively improving the transmission efficiency of the wireless sensor network, fully utilizes the characteristic of high node density of the sensor network, and forms a virtual MIMO antenna array by allowing a plurality of single-antenna nodes to perform cooperative information processing and transmission, so that reliable communication is performed in a multipath fading environment with less total energy consumption, the service life of the network is prolonged, the reliability of data is improved, the error rate is reduced, and the throughput of the whole transmission system is further improved. At present, sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network are clustered according to a specific algorithm, but the network scale is reduced. When a plurality of clusters are encountered, and data needs to be transmitted to a data center (AP) at the same time, not only the real-time performance of a transmission system is affected, but also access conflicts are generated. To prevent access conflicts, the conventional scheme is: and coordinating each cluster, and introducing a priority control strategy to reduce the transmission efficiency of the wireless sensor network system. In addition, in the conventional scheme, a low-complexity linear receiver is first adopted for the VBLAST system, and the decoding process is equivalent to using a linear filter to separate the transmitted data streams, and then making an individual decision on each data stream, where a linear decoding algorithm commonly used in the decision is: zero-forcing detection (ZF) algorithm and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm. The zero-forcing detection algorithm ignores the influence of noise correlation, the performance of Bit Error Rate (BER) is an index for measuring the accuracy of data transmission in a specified time, the bit error rate = the error rate in transmission/the total number of transmitted codes 100%), and the MMSE algorithm has better compromise between reducing noise interference and adjacent signal interference, but the performance of the BER is not improved. In addition, the two zero forcing detection (ZF) linear decoding algorithms and the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) linear decoding algorithm do not consider the special structure of the multi-cluster channel matrix, the inverse matrix of the multi-dimensional matrix needs to be calculated, the decoding complexity is high, the preprocessing complexity is still high, and the transmission efficiency is still reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cooperative communication method based on clustering sphere decoding in virtual MIMO, which expands the advantages of space-time coding to a plurality of clusters, avoids coordination control among clusters in the traditional scheme, and improves the throughput rate of the whole wireless sensor network system by adopting an improved sphere decoding strategy at a receiving end, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the wireless sensor network.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the conception of the invention is as follows: firstly, clustering sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network by adopting a load-balanced Responsive Distributed Clustering Algorithm (RDCA), then selecting a Cooperative Node (CN) of each cluster head after clustering, forwarding the fused data of the cluster head nodes (CH) to the Cooperative Node (CN), and finally sending the data to a convergent point together.
According to the inventive concept, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a cooperative communication method based on clustering sphere decoding in virtual MIMO, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of Cooperative Nodes (CN) from cluster acquisition nodes (ED) by cluster head nodes (CH) in the virtual MIMO domain;
(2) local intra-cluster communication transmission, the used time length is 2 states, one time length is
The other is2 states appear in turn, and the duration in the whole communication transmission process is satisfied
；
(3) The Cooperative Node (CN) and the data center (AP) are in remote communication transmission, the used time length is 2 states, and one time length isThe other is2 states appear in turn, and the duration in the whole communication transmission process is satisfied；
(4) Defining a threshold value which is smaller than the independent power supply value of a terminal acquisition node (ED) in wireless communication and is used up for electric quantity, sequentially judging whether the independent power supply value of each terminal acquisition node is larger than the threshold value used up for electric quantity, if the independent power supply value of the terminal acquisition node is equal to or larger than the threshold value used up for electric quantity, turning to the step (1), enabling the terminal acquisition node to participate in next round of communication transmission, otherwise, enabling the terminal acquisition node not to participate in next round of communication transmission, and finishing the communication transmission.
The cluster head node (CH) in the virtual MIMO domain in the step (1) selects a plurality of Cooperative Nodes (CN) from the cluster acquisition nodes (ED), and the specific steps are as follows:
(1-1) selecting a cluster head node (CH) in a virtual MIMO domain according to a response type distribution clustering algorithm (RDCA) according to the residual energy of a power supply battery of wireless sensor network nodes of all acquisition nodes (ED); the non-cluster-head acquisition nodes select respective cluster heads according to a cost function with load balancing performance and based on the shortest distance (closest);
(1-2) after clustering is formed, the cluster head node (CH) allocates time slots to each cluster acquisition node (ED) in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode so as to reduce transmission interference and facilitate cluster data transmission;
(1-3) the cluster head node (CH) selects a plurality of Cooperative Nodes (CN) from the cluster collection nodes.
The local intra-cluster communication transmission in the step (2) comprises the following specific steps:
(2-1) the terminal acquisition node (ED) sends data to the cluster head node (CH) in turn according to the TDMA time slots distributed in the step (1-3);
(2-2) the cluster head node (CH) converges all the collected data together with the data of the cluster head node;
(2-3) then, converting the aggregated data stream into Nt sub-data streams in a serial-parallel mode, broadcasting and sending the Nt sub-data streams to corresponding Cooperative Nodes (CN);
the remote communication transmission between the Cooperative Node (CN) and the data center (AP) in the step (3) includes the following specific steps:
(3-1) the Cooperative Nodes (CN) of each cluster respectively carry out space-time block coding (STBC) coding on the data;
(3-2) transmitting the STBC data stream of each cluster to a data center (AP) by adopting a traditional VBLAST mode;
(3-3) sampling and quantizing the received data by a cooperative VBLAST antenna node of the receiving end, sending the processed data stream to a data center (AP) for decoding and recovering, and decoding the received signal by adopting an improved Spherical Decoding (SD) algorithm at the receiving end;
the decoding recovery of the data stream sent to the data center (AP) after the processing in the step (3-3) is performed, and a receiving end decodes a received signal by using an improved Spherical Decoding (SD) algorithm, which is specifically as follows:
the basic idea of the improved sphere decoding algorithm is to take the received signal vector Y as the sphere center and collect the signal vector in the grid point set
Searching points in the hypersphere with rho as radius, decoding with Y as the nearest lattice point to the sphere center, grouping with clustering as unit during decoding, then performing spherical decoding on each block,
assuming Nc =3, Nt =4, Nr =3, the 3 clusters are divided into two groups, the first group corresponding to two clusters and the second group corresponding to the remaining other cluster, expressed as:
(1)
wherein
，
Is composed of
The vector of the vector is then calculated,
，
is composed of
The vector of the vector is then calculated,
is composed of
The sub-vectors of (a) are,
is provided with
Has the dimension of
， 
=4 solve the second sub-packet using sphere decoding SD algorithm
Obtaining:
wherein,
for the second set of grouped solution vector lattice points,the vector is grouped second for the signal vector,the second row and second column component of the upper triangular matrix R,
in the case of the second grouping vector, the vector,
solving the first packet by using a Spherical Decoding (SD) algorithm， Has the dimension of
，
The expression of (a) is:
(3)
wherein,
for the second set of grouped solution vector lattice points,
the vector is grouped second for the signal vector,
is the ith row and jth column component of the upper triangular matrix R,in the case of the second grouping vector, the vector,
a second set of grouped solution vector lattice points is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the cooperative communication method based on the cluster sphere decoding in the virtual MIMO has the advantages that: according to the method, STBC coding is adopted for local communication in clusters, a VBLAST mode is adopted for remote communication between clusters, diversity and multiplexing effects are achieved, the advantages of STBC and VBLAST are achieved, and the cost for clustering is reduced; the receiving end adopts a spherical decoding algorithm (SD) to decompose a transmission signal into a plurality of groups, the influence of an error propagation effect on a transmission system is weakened, the larger the grouping quantity is, the smaller the decoding complexity is, the more the algorithm complexity and the error rate performance of a data center can be balanced, the advantage of space-time coding is expanded to a plurality of clusters, the coordination control among the clusters of the traditional scheme is avoided, meanwhile, the throughput rate of the whole transmission system is greatly improved, and the transmission efficiency of a wireless sensor network is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a channel structure of three clusters, an intra-cluster acquisition node (ED), and a data center (AP) in the communication method of the present invention, where each cluster has a cluster head node and four cooperative nodes;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a cooperative communication method based on cluster sphere decoding in virtual MIMO according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of step (1) in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of step (2) in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of step (3) in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a graph of BER performance of different decoding algorithms under a single cluster (in the graph, the vertical axis represents the bit error rate, and the horizontal axis represents the average bit energy/white noise power spectral density);
FIG. 7 is a graph of single cluster versus multi-cluster BER performance (bit error rate on the vertical axis and mean bit energy/white noise power spectral density on the horizontal axis) in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of BER performance of the packet sphere decoding of the present invention versus the conventional sphere decoding (bit error rate on the vertical axis and mean bit energy/white noise power spectral density on the horizontal axis);
fig. 9 is a comparison graph of the computational complexity of the packet sphere decoding of the present invention versus the conventional sphere decoding (simulation time on the ordinate and mean bit energy/white noise power spectral density on the abscissa).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
For the convenience of simulation, as shown in fig. 1, the cooperative communication method based on cluster sphere decoding in virtual MIMO of the present invention makes the following assumptions: for cluster-in-cluster acquisition node (ED) communication, a channel model is additive white Gaussian noise; for long-distance communication from a Cooperative Node (CN) to a data center (AP), a channel model is a Rayleigh channel with a fading square rate; all nodes are isomorphic and have the same power supply battery energy; the communication opportunities of all nodes becoming cluster head nodes (CH) are equal; the transmission model adopts a single-hop structure; all nodes complete synchronization.
As shown in fig. 2-5, a cooperative communication method based on cluster sphere decoding in virtual MIMO of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of Cooperative Nodes (CN) from the cluster acquisition nodes (ED) by the cluster head node (CH) in the virtual MIMO domain, as shown in fig. 3, the specific steps are as follows:
(1-1) selecting a cluster head node (CH) according to a response type distribution clustering algorithm (RDCA) in a virtual MIMO domain according to the residual energy of a power supply battery of wireless sensor network nodes of all acquisition nodes (ED); the non-cluster-head acquisition nodes select respective cluster heads according to a cost function with load balancing performance and based on the shortest distance (closest);
(1-2) after clustering is formed, the cluster head node (CH) allocates time slots to each cluster acquisition node (ED) in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode so as to reduce transmission interference and facilitate cluster data transmission;
(1-3) selecting a plurality of Cooperative Nodes (CN) from the cluster acquisition nodes (ED) by the cluster head node (CH);
(2) local intra-cluster communication transmission, as shown in fig. 4, includes the following specific steps:
(2-1) the terminal acquisition node (ED) sends data to the cluster head node (CH) in turn according to the TDMA time slot allocated in the step (1-3), and then enters a sleep state to save battery energy;
(2-2) the cluster head node (CH) converges all the collected data together with the data of the cluster head node;
(2-3) then, converting the aggregated data stream into Nt sub-data streams in a serial-parallel mode, broadcasting and sending the Nt sub-data streams to corresponding Cooperative Nodes (CN);
(3) and the remote communication transmission between the Cooperative Node (CN) and the data center (AP), as shown in fig. 5, the specific steps are as follows:
(3-1) the Cooperative Nodes (CN) of each cluster respectively carry out space-time block coding (STBC) coding on the data so as to resist the spatial correlation between adjacent antennas in the clusters, obtain diversity gain and reduce the error rate of the whole transmission system;
(3-2) transmitting the STBC data stream of each cluster to a data center (AP) by adopting a traditional VBLAST mode, and assuming that all cluster head nodes (CH) are synchronous to obtain multiplexing gain;
(3-3) sampling and quantizing the received data by a cooperative VBLAST antenna node of the receiving end, sending the processed data stream to a data center (AP) for decoding and recovering, and decoding the received signal by adopting an improved Spherical Decoding (SD) algorithm at the receiving end;
(4) defining a threshold value which is smaller than the independent power supply value of a terminal acquisition node (ED) in wireless communication and is used up for electric quantity, sequentially judging whether the independent power supply value of each terminal acquisition node is larger than the threshold value used up for electric quantity, if the independent power supply value of the terminal acquisition node is equal to or larger than the threshold value used up for electric quantity, turning to the step (1), enabling the terminal acquisition node to participate in next round of communication transmission, otherwise, enabling the terminal acquisition node not to participate in next round of communication transmission, and finishing the communication transmission.
The decoding recovery of the data stream processed in the step (3-3) sent to the data center (AP), wherein the decoding recovery at the receiving end adopts an improved Sphere Decoding (SD) algorithm, which is specifically as follows:
the basic idea of the improved sphere decoding algorithm is to take the received signal vector Y as the sphere center and collect the signal vector in the grid point set
Searching points in the hypersphere with rho as radius, decoding with Y as the nearest lattice point to the sphere center, grouping with clustering as unit during decoding, then performing spherical decoding on each block,
assuming Nc =3, Nt =4, Nr =3, the 3 clusters are divided into two groups, the first group corresponds to two clusters, and the second group corresponds to the remaining other cluster, and the expression is:
(1)
wherein，
Is composed ofThe vector of the vector is then calculated,，
is composed of
The vector of the vector is then calculated,is composed ofThe sub-vectors of (a) are,
is provided with
Has the dimension of
， 
=4 then the spherical decoding SD algorithm is used to solveGrouping
Obtaining:
wherein,
for the second set of grouped solution vector lattice points,
the vector is grouped second for the signal vector,
the second row and second column component of the upper triangular matrix R,
in the case of the second grouping vector, the vector,
then, the first packet is solved by adopting a spherical decoding SD algorithm
，
Has the dimension of
，
The expression of (a) is:
(3)
wherein,
for the second set of grouped solution vector lattice points,
the vector is grouped second for the signal vector,is the ith row and jth column component of the upper triangular matrix R,
in the case of the second grouping vector, the vector,
a second set of grouped solution vector lattice points is formed.
In order to verify the superiority of the cooperative communication method based on cluster sphere decoding in virtual MIMO, the following simulations are carried out, the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of different algorithms under a single cluster, the single cluster and multi-cluster BER performance, the grouping sphere decoding and traditional sphere decoding calculation complexity are respectively compared, and the comparison result is as follows:
as shown in fig. 6, in which the vertical axis represents the bit error rate, the horizontal axis represents the average bit energy/white noise power spectral density, and the three dashed curves are: the dashed line with the circle is a bit error rate performance curve adopting a zero forcing algorithm (ZF), the dashed line with the triangle is a bit error rate performance curve adopting a minimum mean square error algorithm (MMSE), and the dashed line with the diamond is a bit error rate performance curve adopting the improved sphere decoding algorithm (SD). It can be seen from the comparison result in the figure that the decoding method of the present invention can reduce the error rate and improve the system performance.
As shown in fig. 7, the vertical axis represents the bit error rate, the horizontal axis represents the average bit energy/white noise power spectral density, and the four dashed lines represent: the dashed line with black points is an error rate performance curve of an STBC scheme adopted under a single-cluster 4-node condition, and the dashed line with triangles, the dashed line with forks and the dashed line with circles are 3 cluster error rate performance curves of a combined scheme of STBC and VLBAST, which are provided by the invention aiming at multi-cluster transmission, adopted under a 3-cluster 4-node condition. It can be seen from the comparison result in the figure that the method of the present invention obviously improves the system multiplexing gain and reduces the system error rate.
As shown in fig. 8, in which the ordinate represents the ber and the abscissa represents the average bit energy/white noise power spectral density, the two solid curves are: the curve with squares is the error rate performance curve of the block sphere decoding algorithm (i.e. the improved sphere decoding algorithm) of the invention, and the curve with triangles is the error rate performance curve of the traditional sphere decoding algorithm. It can be seen from the comparison of the figures that the decoding method of the present invention has a reduced BER performance compared to the conventional decoding method, but the reduction is limited.
As shown in fig. 9, in which the vertical axis is simulation time and the horizontal axis is mean bit energy/white noise power spectral density, the two solid curves are: the curve with squares is a simulated time curve using the block sphere decoding algorithm (i.e., the improved sphere decoding algorithm) of the present invention, and the curve with triangles is a simulated time curve using the conventional sphere decoding algorithm. As can be seen from the comparison result in the figure, the simulation time of the decoding method of the invention is greatly reduced compared with the traditional decoding method under the same performance. By combining fig. 8 and fig. 9, the method of the present invention can greatly reduce the complexity of the algorithm, although a certain bit error performance is sacrificed.
Claims (4)
1. A cooperative communication method based on clustering sphere decoding in virtual MIMO is characterized in that a sensor node in a wireless sensor network is clustered by adopting a load balancing response type distributed clustering algorithm (RDCA), then a Cooperative Node (CN) of each cluster head is selected after clustering, data fused by the cluster head nodes (CH) are forwarded to the Cooperative Node (CN), and finally the data are jointly sent to a gathering point, a sphere decoding algorithm is adopted at a receiving end, the compromise between complexity and error rate performance is achieved, and the transmission efficiency of the wireless sensor network is improved, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of Cooperative Nodes (CN) from cluster acquisition nodes (ED) by cluster head nodes (CH) in the virtual MIMO domain;
(2) local intra-cluster communication transmission, the used time length is 2 states, one time length is
The other is
2 states appear in turn, and the duration in the whole communication transmission process is satisfied
；
(3) The time length for the remote communication transmission of the Cooperative Node (CN) and the data center (AP) is 2 states, one time length isThe other is
2 states appear in turn, and the duration in the whole communication transmission process is satisfied
；
(4) Defining a threshold value which is smaller than the independent power supply value of a terminal acquisition node (ED) in wireless communication and is used up for electric quantity, sequentially judging whether the independent power supply value of each terminal acquisition node is larger than the threshold value used up for electric quantity, if the independent power supply value of the terminal acquisition node is equal to or larger than the threshold value used up for electric quantity, turning to the step (1), enabling the terminal acquisition node to participate in next round of communication transmission, otherwise, enabling the terminal acquisition node not to participate in next round of communication transmission, and finishing the communication transmission.
2. The cooperative communication method based on cluster sphere decoding in virtual MIMO according to claim 1, wherein said step (1) selects a plurality of Cooperative Nodes (CN) from the cluster acquisition nodes (ED) in the virtual MIMO domain by the cluster head node (CH), and comprises the following steps:
(1-1) selecting a cluster head node (CH) in a virtual MIMO domain according to a response type distribution clustering algorithm (RDCA) according to the residual energy of a power supply battery of wireless sensor network nodes of all acquisition nodes (ED); the non-cluster-head acquisition nodes select respective cluster heads according to a cost function with load balancing performance and based on the shortest distance (closest);
(1-2) after clustering is formed, the cluster head node (CH) allocates time slots to each cluster acquisition node (ED) in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode so as to reduce transmission interference and facilitate cluster data transmission;
(1-3) the cluster head node (CH) selects a plurality of Cooperative Nodes (CN) from the cluster collection nodes.
3. The cooperative communication method based on cluster sphere decoding in virtual MIMO according to claim 2, wherein the local intra-cluster communication transmission in the step (2) comprises the following specific steps:
(2-1) the terminal acquisition node (ED) sends data to the cluster head node (CH) in turn according to the TDMA time slots distributed in the step (1-3);
(2-2) the cluster head node (CH) converges all the collected data together with the data of the cluster head node;
and (2-3) converting the aggregated data stream into Nt sub-data streams in a serial-parallel mode, and broadcasting and transmitting the Nt sub-data streams to the corresponding Cooperative Nodes (CN).
4. The cooperative communication method based on cluster sphere decoding in virtual MIMO as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step (3) of remote communication transmission between the Cooperative Node (CN) and the data center (AP) comprises the following steps:
(3-1) the Cooperative Nodes (CN) of each cluster respectively carry out space-time block coding (STBC) coding on the data;
(3-2) transmitting the STBC data stream of each cluster to a data center (AP) by adopting a traditional VBLAST mode;
and (3-3) sampling and quantizing the received data by a cooperative VBLAS antenna node of the receiving end, sending the processed data stream to a data center (AP) for decoding and recovering, and decoding the received signal by adopting a Spherical Decoding (SD) algorithm at the receiving end.
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| CN109754614A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-14 | 成都信息工程大学 | A kind of parking navigation system, method and computer readable storage medium |
| CN114223183A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2022-03-22 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Method for providing network cooperation for industrial communication system |
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