CN113078932B - Intelligent reflection surface assisted downlink transmission precoding design method - Google Patents
Intelligent reflection surface assisted downlink transmission precoding design method Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
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- H04B7/145—Passive relay systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a downlink transmission precoding design method assisted by an intelligent reflection surface, wherein a system is provided with K cells and an intelligent reflection surface in total, each cell is provided with only one single-antenna user, the user cannot be covered by a base station signal, and the user needs to carry out signal transmission on the user through the intelligent reflection surface; the method comprises the following steps: each cell base station k designs a precoding vector thereof by using known statistical channel information between the cell base station k and the intelligent reflecting surface; each cell base station designs a precoding vector according to respective direct-view path information; the intelligent reflecting surface utilizes the known statistical channel information between the intelligent reflecting surface and each cell user and the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflecting surface to design a reflecting coefficient matrix of the intelligent reflecting surface. The invention can effectively reduce the interference among users, each base station can independently and parallelly design the precoding matrix, and can obtain higher system throughput with lower computation complexity and channel information interaction amount, thus being easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a downlink transmission precoding design method assisted by an Intelligent Reflection Surface (IRS) based on Channel State Information (CSI), belonging to the technical field of wireless communication.
Background
In order to achieve higher spectral and energy efficiency in communication systems, the frequencies used by the systems are increasing and the coverage radius of the cellular network cells is decreasing. In order to reduce the communication blind area, more base stations need to be deployed to enhance the cell coverage. Distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can improve the coverage of a wireless communication system by deploying a large number of antennas, but the distributed MIMO system has a complex structure and requires high hardware cost and energy consumption. Recently, the IRS, a low-cost passive reflecting plate composed of a large number of passive reflecting units capable of independently adjusting the reflection phase, has attracted a great deal of attention as a new technology being proposed. IRS enables higher spectral efficiency with lower complexity and energy consumption.
When the instantaneous CSI is known, a precoding matrix of the base station and a reflection coefficient matrix of the IRS can be jointly designed by adopting an alternating optimization algorithm. However, the IRS has a large number of reflection units, so that accurate channel estimation is very difficult, and the dimensionality of the channel matrix is large, and it is difficult to complete a series of operations such as instantaneous CSI estimation, CSI feedback, precoding matrix and IRS reflection coefficient matrix design and data transmission within a coherence time. And when the mobility of the user is low, the direct path component change of the CSI estimated each time is small, channel estimation is not needed before data transmission each time, and the characteristic of counting the CSI can be described only by a few bit numbers, so that the difficulty of channel estimation can be reduced and the feedback bit number of the CSI can be reduced by designing a base station precoding matrix and an IRS reflection coefficient matrix based on the counting CSI. Meanwhile, when the statistical CSI is adopted to design a precoding matrix and an IRS reflection coefficient matrix, the requirement on the time complexity of the algorithm is weaker than that of the algorithm adopting the instantaneous CSI.
In addition, the precoding design method does not need alternate optimization of precoding matrixes at the base stations and the IRS, the optimal precoding vector of each base station can be independently designed, and mutual information is not needed among the base stations. In summary, for an IRS-assisted multi-cell communication system, a precoding matrix of a base station and a reflection coefficient matrix of an IRS are designed based on statistical CSI to make appropriate selection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent reflection surface assisted downlink transmission precoding design method, which can design a precoding matrix of a base station and a reflection coefficient matrix of an IRS (interference rejection ratio) according to statistical CSI (channel state information), and each base station can design respective precoding vectors in parallel without alternative optimization, and the IRS reflection coefficient matrix is designed based on flow pattern optimization.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an intelligent reflection surface assisted downlink transmission precoding design method is provided, and the method is directed at the following systems: the system is provided with K cells in total and an intelligent reflection surface, each cell is provided with only one single-antenna user, the user cannot be covered by a base station signal, and the signal transmission is carried out on the user through the intelligent reflection surface; each cell base station adopts a uniform linear antenna array comprising M antenna array elements, the intelligent reflecting surface adopts a uniform plane array comprising N reflecting units, the vertical direction of the intelligent reflecting surface comprises T rows of reflecting units, and each row of P reflecting units in the horizontal direction; each cell base station only knows the statistical channel information between the cell base station and the intelligent reflection surface, and the intelligent reflection surface only knows the statistical channel information between the cell base station and each cell user and between each cell base station and each cell user;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, each cell base station k utilizes the known statistical channel information between the cell base station k and the intelligent reflecting surface to design the precoding vector w of the cell base station kkWherein K is 1, …, K;
step two, each cell base station designs a precoding vector according to the direct-view path information of each cell base station; the intelligent reflecting surface utilizes the known statistical channel information between the intelligent reflecting surface and each cell user and the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflecting surface to design a reflection coefficient matrix of the intelligent reflecting surface
In the first step, the statistical channel information between each cell base station k and the intelligent reflection surface includes: leise factor alpha of the channel between base station k and intelligent reflecting surfacekLarge scale fading rho of the channel between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfacekDirect path component of the channel between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfaceWherein the content of the first and second substances, represents the arrival angle theta of the wave in the direction perpendicular to the direct path between the base station k and the intelligent reflection surfacekThe arrival angle of a wave in the horizontal direction of a direct path between a base station k and the intelligent reflection surface is represented, d is the distance between adjacent reflection units on the intelligent reflection surface, lambda is the carrier wave length, N is the number of the reflection units on the intelligent reflection surface, the vertical direction of the intelligent reflection surface comprises T rows of reflection units, each row of P reflection units in the horizontal direction is provided, e is a natural constant, j is an imaginary part unit, pi is the circumferential ratio, and the superscript (·)HRepresenting conjugate transpose, symbolRepresents the product of the kronecker reaction,m denotes the number of transmit antennas per base station,horizontal wave departure angle, d, representing the direct path between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfacekThe distance between adjacent antenna units on an antenna array of a base station K, K is 1, …, K;
in the first step, a base station k precoding vector is calculated by the following formula:
in the second step, the channel state information statistics between the intelligent reflection surface and each cell user includes: direct path component of channel between intelligent reflecting surface and k cell userLeis factor betakAnd large scale fading psikWherein K is 1, …, K; and the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflecting surface is the same as the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflecting surface in the step one.
In the second step, a reflection coefficient matrix is obtained through the following steps:
step b1, setting convergence threshold xi, initializing loop iteration number r as 0, and setting vectorIs an initial value of(0)=1N×1In which 1 isN×1An N × 1-dimensional column vector representing all elements as 1;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein p iskRepresenting the transmission power of the kth base station, gammakIs the priority weight of the kth user,the power of additive white gaussian noise received for the kth user, K ═ 1, …, K;
Wherein symbol |, indicates the Hadamard product, superscript (.)*Representing the conjugate of a complex number, and Re {. is the real part of the complex number;
step b5, calculatingWherein unit () represents a normalization operation on each element in the vector;
step b6, determine whether the following equation holds:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
if not, making r ═ r +1 and returning to step b2, otherwise, ending calculation and outputting wkAs a precoding vector of the base station, wherein the output Φ ═ diag { η [ ](r+1)As a reflection coefficient matrix of the intelligent reflective surface, wherein diag {. cndot } denotes a diagonal matrix with vector in brackets as diagonal element.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a precoding design method of an intelligent reflection surface assisted multi-cell downlink transmission system, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
(1) the invention is suitable for an IRS auxiliary multi-cell downlink communication system, and the obtained precoding and reflection phase design can achieve higher system and rate;
(2) the algorithm related by the invention has the advantages that each base station independently designs the precoding matrix, and compared with the existing algorithm, the algorithm has lower calculation complexity and is easy to realize;
(3) the invention designs an algorithm, only needs partial statistics of channel information, and reduces the acquisition overhead of the channel information.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, and it should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses an intelligent reflecting surface assisted downlink transmission precoding design method, which aims at the following systems: the system is provided with K cells in total and an intelligent reflection surface, each cell is provided with only one single-antenna user, the user cannot be covered by a base station signal, and the signal transmission is carried out on the user through the intelligent reflection surface; each cell base station adopts a uniform linear antenna array comprising M antenna array elements, the intelligent reflecting surface adopts a uniform plane array comprising N reflecting units, the vertical direction of the intelligent reflecting surface comprises T rows of reflecting units, and each row of P reflecting units in the horizontal direction; each cell base station only knows the statistical channel information between the cell base station and the intelligent reflection surface, and the intelligent reflection surface only knows the statistical channel information between the cell base station and each cell user and between each cell base station and each cell user;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, each cell base station k utilizes the known statistical channel information between the cell base station k and the intelligent reflecting surface to design the precoding vector w of the cell base station kkWherein K is 1, …, K;
wherein, the statistical channel information between each cell base station k and the intelligent reflection surface comprises: leise factor alpha of the channel between base station k and intelligent reflecting surfacekLarge scale fading rho of the channel between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfacekDirect path component of the channel between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfaceWherein the content of the first and second substances, represents the arrival angle theta of the wave in the direction perpendicular to the direct path between the base station k and the intelligent reflection surfacekThe arrival angle of a wave in the horizontal direction of a direct path between a base station k and the intelligent reflection surface is represented, d is the distance between adjacent reflection units on the intelligent reflection surface, lambda is the carrier wave length, N is the number of the reflection units on the intelligent reflection surface, the vertical direction of the intelligent reflection surface comprises T rows of reflection units, each row of P reflection units in the horizontal direction is provided, e is a natural constant, j is an imaginary part unit, pi is the circumferential ratio, and the superscript (·)HRepresenting conjugate transpose, symbolRepresents the product of the kronecker reaction,m denotes the number of transmit antennas per base station,horizontal wave departure angle, d, representing the direct path between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfacekThe distance between adjacent antenna units on an antenna array of a base station K, K is 1, …, K;
the base station k precoding vector is calculated by:
step two, each cell base station designs a precoding vector according to the direct-view path information of each cell base station; the intelligent reflecting surface utilizes the known statistical channel information between the intelligent reflecting surface and each cell user and the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflecting surface to design a reflection coefficient matrix of the intelligent reflecting surface
Wherein, the statistical channel state information between the intelligent reflecting surface and each cell user comprises: intelligent reflecting surface and kth cell user communicationDirect path component of the trackLeis factor betakAnd large scale fading psikWherein K is 1, …, K; the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflection surface is the same as the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflection surface in the step one;
the reflection coefficient matrix is designed and obtained through the following steps:
step b1, setting convergence threshold xi, initializing loop iteration number r as 0, and setting vectorIs an initial value of(0)=1N×1In which 1 isN×1An N × 1-dimensional column vector representing all elements as 1;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein p iskRepresenting the transmission power of the kth base station, gammakIs the priority weight of the kth user,the power of additive white gaussian noise received for the kth user, K ═ 1, …, K;
Wherein symbol |, indicates the Hadamard product, superscript (.)*Representing the conjugate of a complex number, and Re {. is the real part of the complex number;
step b5, calculatingWherein unit () represents a normalization operation on each element in the vector;
step b6, determine whether the following equation holds:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
if not, making r ═ r +1 and returning to step b2, otherwise, ending calculation and outputting wkAs a precoding vector of the base station, wherein the output Φ ═ diag { η [ ](r+1)As a reflection coefficient matrix of the intelligent reflective surface, wherein diag {. cndot } denotes a diagonal matrix with vector in brackets as diagonal element.
In conclusion, the invention can effectively reduce the interference among users, each base station can independently and parallelly design the precoding matrix, and can obtain higher system throughput with lower computation complexity and channel information interaction amount, thus being easy to realize.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. An intelligent reflection surface assisted downlink transmission precoding design method is characterized in that: the method is directed to the following system: the system is provided with K cells in total and an intelligent reflection surface, each cell is provided with only one single-antenna user, the user cannot be covered by a base station signal, and the signal transmission is carried out on the user through the intelligent reflection surface; each cell base station adopts a uniform linear antenna array comprising M antenna array elements, the intelligent reflecting surface adopts a uniform plane array comprising N reflecting units, the vertical direction of the intelligent reflecting surface comprises T rows of reflecting units, and each row of P reflecting units in the horizontal direction; each cell base station only knows the statistical channel information between the cell base station and the intelligent reflection surface, and the intelligent reflection surface only knows the statistical channel information between the cell base station and each cell user and between each cell base station and each cell user;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, each cell base station k designs the pre-programming by using the known statistical channel information between the cell base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfaceCode vector wkWherein K is 1, …, K;
wherein, the statistical channel information between each cell base station k and the intelligent reflection surface comprises: leise factor alpha of the channel between base station k and intelligent reflecting surfacekLarge scale fading rho of the channel between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfacekDirect path component of the channel between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfaceWherein the content of the first and second substances, represents the arrival angle theta of the wave in the direction perpendicular to the direct path between the base station k and the intelligent reflection surfacekThe arrival angle of a wave in the horizontal direction of a direct path between a base station k and the intelligent reflection surface is represented, d is the distance between adjacent reflection units on the intelligent reflection surface, lambda is the carrier wave length, N is the number of the reflection units on the intelligent reflection surface, the vertical direction of the intelligent reflection surface comprises T rows of reflection units, each row of P reflection units in the horizontal direction is provided, e is a natural constant, j is an imaginary part unit, pi is the circumferential ratio, and the superscript (·)HRepresenting conjugate transpose, symbolRepresents the product of the kronecker reaction,m indicates the number of antenna elements employed by each base station,horizontal wave departure angle, d, representing the direct path between base station k and the intelligent reflecting surfacekThe distance between adjacent antenna units on an antenna array of a base station K, K is 1, …, K;
the base station k precoding vector is calculated by:
secondly, the intelligent reflecting surface designs a reflecting coefficient matrix of the intelligent reflecting surface by utilizing the known statistical channel information between the intelligent reflecting surface and each cell user and the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflecting surface
Wherein, the statistical channel state information between the intelligent reflecting surface and each cell user comprises: direct path component of channel between intelligent reflecting surface and k cell userLeis factor betakAnd large scale fading psikWherein K is 1, …, K; the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflection surface is the same as the statistical channel information between each cell base station and the intelligent reflection surface in the step one;
the reflection coefficient matrix is designed and obtained through the following steps:
step b1, setting convergence threshold xi, initializing loop iteration number r as 0, and setting vectorIs an initial value of(0)=1N×1In which 1 isN×1An N × 1-dimensional column vector representing all elements as 1;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein p iskRepresenting the transmission power of the kth base station, gammakIs the priority weight of the kth user,the power of additive white gaussian noise received for the kth user, K ═ 1, …, K;
Wherein symbol |, indicates the Hadamard product, superscript (.)*Representing the conjugate of a complex number, and Re {. is the real part of the complex number;
step b5, calculatingWherein unit () represents a normalization operation on each element in the vector;
step b6, determine whether the following equation holds:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
if not, making r ═ r +1 and returning to step b2, otherwise, ending calculation and outputting wkAs a precoding vector of the base station, wherein the output Φ ═ diag { η [ ](r+1)As a reflection coefficient matrix of the intelligent reflective surface, wherein diag {. cndot } denotes a diagonal matrix with vector in brackets as diagonal element.
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