CN102643677B - Entrained flow gasifier and slag hole brick thereof - Google Patents
Entrained flow gasifier and slag hole brick thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102643677B CN102643677B CN201210125771.4A CN201210125771A CN102643677B CN 102643677 B CN102643677 B CN 102643677B CN 201210125771 A CN201210125771 A CN 201210125771A CN 102643677 B CN102643677 B CN 102643677B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an entrained flow gasifier and a slag hole brick of the entrained flow gasifier, which are used for a gasifier. The gasifier comprises a combustion chamber and a quench chamber below the combustion chamber, wherein the bottom of combustion chamber is provided a slag hole; and the quench chamber is internally provided by a quench ring below the slag hole and a downcomer below the quench ring. The slag hole brick comprises an annular slag hole part and a cylindrical slag hole part, wherein the annular slag hole part is supported on a cone bottom plate of the entrained flow gasifier, and the cylindrical slag hole part is matched with the inner side of the quench ring below the cone bottom plate; the annular slag hole part extends outwards along the radial direction from the upper end of the cylindrical slag hole part. According to the slag hole brick of the gasifier disclosed by the invention, the quench ring is protected when the slag hole is formed, thereby the service life of the quench ring and the downcomer can be prolonged, the operational cycle of the gasifier is prolonged and the long-term operational efficiency of the gasifier is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gasification field, relate in particular to a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace and slag notch brick thereof.
Background technology
Coal is a kind of important energy, and for a long time, coal is in use accompanied by serious environmental pollution.In recent years, take and reduce disposal of pollutants and improve clean coal technology that utilising efficiency is object day by day by people are paid attention to.Coal Gasification Technology is as a kind of Coal dressing and transformation technology wherein, is considered to one of clean coal technology of high-efficiency cleaning the most.
Modern Coal Gasification Technology, especially high pressure, large volume airflow bed gasification technology are in industrial acquisition widespread use.China You Duojia producer introduce and utilize modern entrained flow bed gasification technology, modern entrained flow bed gasification technology is mainly divided into coal water slurry gasification and coal gasification, modern entrained flow bed gasification technology has that environmental pollution is little, level of automation advantages of higher, but this technical matters is with some ubiquitous problems, and these problems affect the normal operation of gasification installation in varying degrees.
High-temperature synthesis gas and slag that coal water slurry or coal dust incomplete combustion in vapourizing furnace combustion chamber generates 1350 ℃ of left and right enter the shock chamber of vapourizing furnace by the slag notch brick of bottom, combustion chamber.Chilling ring is the key part of shock chamber; in prior art, chilling ring is positioned at cinder notch downside downtake top; the effect of chilling ring is that Quench liquid is evenly distributed on downtake inwall as water; form liquid film; this layer of liquid film effectively kept apart downtake and high-temperature synthesis gas and slag; thereby protection downtake is not burnt out by high-temperature synthesis gas and slag, and high-temperature synthesis gas is lowered the temperature by Quench to a certain extent simultaneously.
In the prior art, for example, in No. 200920025468.0th, Chinese patent application, describe, vapourizing furnace cinder notch brick only, for arranging by the cinder notch of synthetic gas and slag, does not play any provide protection to chilling ring of gasifying furnace.
The structure of chilling ring of gasifying furnace comprises outer shroud, interior ring, chilled water import, chilled water outlet, chilled water forms liquid film along decline tube wall and flows down, high-temperature synthesis gas is carrying a large amount of coal ash and slag passes downtake, carry out heat exchange mass transfer with downtake liquid film, then enter water-bath, after further slag and part coal ash are removed in washing cooling, by syngas outlet, go washing tower further to wash ash disposal.
In prior art there is defect in the position of chilling ring and structure, the interior ring outside of chilling ring directly contacts with high-temperature synthesis gas, slag, cause chilling ring working temperature too high, add that slag directly washes away the wearing and tearing that cause to chilling ring, cause chilling ring to shorten dramatically work-ing life; Long-term heavy-duty service, in chilling ring, just there is wearing and tearing perforation in ring just distortion in half a year about 1 year, the cutout of downtake liquid film, is directly exposed under high-temperature synthesis gas and slag downtake, causes the damages such as it is out of shape, burns.
And, when high-temperature synthesis gas and downtake liquid film carry out heat exchange mass transfer, the coal ash of the part synthetic gas contacting with liquid film enters liquid phase and obtains removing, and most of coal ash in the synthetic gas of downtake central authorities not washing just with synthetic gas, enter water-bath, rapidly through behind edge under downtake, synthetic gas with the form of air mass immediately upwards bubbling leave water-bath, in this process, also only have the coal ash of air mass outside surface to contact acquisition washing with water, most of coal ash of air mass central authorities does not still obtain rinsing machine can just leave water-bath; Most of coal ash in synthetic gas is washed removing at washing tower, and the washing water on washing tower water-bath top are supplied with conversely chilling ring as chilled water and used.
Although chilled water is taken from washing tower water-bath top, but because a large amount of coal ash is washed in water-bath, the washing water on water-bath top still contain the especially a large amount of small solid particulate of a lot of coal ash, even if quench water filter filters out the macrobead that stops up chilling ring outlet like this, but the dead band that these small solid particulates also can flow faint in chilling ring precipitation, accumulation gradually, have influence on the most at last the homogeneity of rate of discharge and the whole outlet annular space water flow of chilling ring chilled water, and then cause downtake liquid film inequality even to stop, thereby cause downtake distortion, the damage such as burn.
In chilled water, the concentration of small solid particulate is higher, this speed that dead band precipitation accumulates in chilling ring is also faster, the work-ing life of downtake is also shorter like this, a large amount of mud that depositing all can find chilling ring endless tube when each Texaco gasifier operation for some time parking maintenance in, the result of these small solid particulates depositions that Here it is.Like this, these defects of chilling ring just affect the stable long period oepration at full load of gasification installation.
How to alleviate or avoid the work-ing life of the heat etching of chilling ring and wearing and tearing, prolongation chilling ring, and further protect downtake to become an important problem, the long-term operation of gasification and even Coal Chemical Industry is had great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace and slag notch brick thereof, to alleviate or to avoid high-temperature synthesis gas and slag to cause serious heat etching and wearing and tearing to chilling ring and the damage or the distortion that cause.
For this reason, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of slag notch brick of airflow bed gasification furnace is provided, for vapourizing furnace, vapourizing furnace comprises combustion chamber and is positioned at the shock chamber of below, combustion chamber, the bottom of combustion chamber is provided with cinder notch, in shock chamber, be provided with and be positioned at the chilling ring of cinder notch below and the downtake below chilling ring, this slag notch brick comprises the ring-type cinder notch portion on the cone base plate that is supported on airflow bed gasification furnace and the tubular cinder notch portion matching with the inner side of boring the chilling ring of base plate below, and ring-type cinder notch portion extends radially outwardly from the upper end edge of tubular cinder notch portion.
Further, nested being fixed in ring-type cinder notch portion of above-mentioned tubular cinder notch portion.
Further, above-mentioned ring-type cinder notch portion and tubular cinder notch portion are one-body molded.
Further, the external diameter of above-mentioned ring-type cinder notch portion is 2000～2025mm, and internal diameter is 810～850mm; The external diameter of tubular cinder notch portion is 1030～1066.9mm, and internal diameter is 810～850mm.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace is provided, comprise combustion chamber and the shock chamber that is positioned at below, combustion chamber, below, combustion chamber has the cinder notch communicating with shock chamber, in shock chamber, be provided with and be positioned at the chilling ring of cinder notch below and the downtake below chilling ring, this cinder notch is provided with according to vapourizing furnace cinder notch brick described above.
Further, above-mentioned chilling ring comprises and forms the outer shroud of annular outer-cavity chamber, form the interior ring of annular cavity chamber and be fixedly connected on the chilled water pipeline on outer shroud, wherein, interior ring is provided with the first water outlet annular space, outer chamber and inner cavity chamber are separated by ring-type spacer ring and the water inlet annular space that is positioned at ring-type spacer ring top, the chilled water import horizontal tangential of chilled water pipeline is connected with described outer chamber, and chilled water goes out from the first water outlet annular space eddy flow and forms the moisture film under helical flow at the inwall of downtake.
Further, the lower end of above-mentioned interior ring has annular guiding surface, and guiding surface radially outward extends downwards simultaneously.
Further, above-mentioned guiding surface is provided with the second outlet annular space in the face of downtake inner chamber, in this second outlet annular space, is provided with eddy flow section.
Further, above-mentioned interior ring is fixed on the bottom surface of cone base plate of cinder notch.
Further, above-mentioned outer shroud is provided with the dredging hole corresponding with the annular space of intaking, and dredging hole is provided with plug.
Vapourizing furnace cinder notch brick provided by the invention, when forming cinder notch, protects chilling ring, can extend the work-ing life of chilling ring and downtake, extends the cycle of operation of vapourizing furnace and the long-time running benefit of raising vapourizing furnace.
Except object described above, feature and advantage, other object, feature and advantage that the present invention has, be described in further detail in connection with accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Form this specification sheets a part, for further understanding accompanying drawing of the present invention, show the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and be used for illustrating principle of the present invention together with specification sheets.In figure:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of air-flow vapourizing furnace according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the local enlarged diagram of the air-flow gasifier slag port part shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the cross sectional representation of slag notch brick according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the partial schematic diagram of air-flow vapourizing furnace according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein shows the schematic structure of chilling ring; And
Fig. 5 is the plane figure schematic diagram of chilling ring shown in Fig. 4.
Description of reference numerals
10 20 shock chambers, combustion chambers
11 cinder notch 12 slag notch bricks
The annular cinder notch of 13 cone base plate 121 portion
122 tubular cinder notch portion 21 chilling rings
211 outer shroud 211a outer chamber
212Nei Huan 212a inner cavity chamber
213 chilled water pipeline 214 water inlet annular spaces
212b the first water outlet annular space 215 ring-type spacer rings
216 dredging hole 217 dredging plugs
218 eddy flow section 212c guiding surfaces
212d the second outlet annular space 22 downtakes
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated, but the multitude of different ways that the present invention can be defined by the claims and cover is implemented.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show according to the structural representation of air-flow vapourizing furnace of the present invention and slag notch brick thereof.As shown in Figure 1, vapourizing furnace comprises combustion chamber 10 and is positioned at the shock chamber 20 of 10 belows, combustion chamber, the top of combustion chamber 10 is provided with compound burner (not shown), bottom is provided with cinder notch 11, in shock chamber 20, be provided with the chilling ring 21 and the downtake below chilling ring 21 22 that are positioned at cinder notch 11 belows, cinder notch 11 is provided with slag notch brick 12, this slag notch brick 12 comprises the ring-type cinder notch portion 121 of the cone base plate 13 that is supported on cinder notch 11, and the tubular cinder notch portion 122 matching with the inner side of chilling ring of cone base plate 13 belows and block chilling ring 21 in the inner side of chilling ring 21, this ring-type cinder notch portion 121 extends radially outwardly from the upper end edge of tubular cinder notch portion.
In invention, the cinder notch of bottom, vapourizing furnace combustion chamber is provided with builds by laying bricks or stones in the upper unique slag notch brick structure of cone base plate (being preferably steel member), high-temperature synthesis gas, slag and chilling ring are kept apart, can effectively alleviate high-temperature synthesis gas and slag to the heat etching of chilling ring, avoid high-temperature synthesis gas and slag to the washing away of chilling ring, the great like this work-ing life that extends chilling ring.
Fig. 3 is the cross sectional representation of slag notch brick according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 3, in the present embodiment, the slag notch brick 12 that build by laying bricks or stones on cone base plate bottom, vapourizing furnace combustion chamber is designed to two concentric co-axial with internal diameter various outer diameter two hollow cylinder nested form, the column part that external diameter is larger (being ring-type cinder notch portion 121) is built part by laying bricks or stones for the support of slag notch brick, external diameter is greater than cinder notch, slag notch brick can be built by laying bricks or stones and is fixed on cone base plate, the column part that external diameter is less (being tubular cinder notch portion 122) is slag notch brick protection part, external diameter and cinder notch are suitable, this part stretches into top, shock chamber, be positioned at the inner side of chilling ring, just in time block chilling ring, can effectively avoid like this high-temperature synthesis gas and slag washing away chilling ring, also can alleviate the heat etching to chilling ring of high-temperature synthesis gas and slag.
The outer diameter D 3 of ring-type cinder notch portion is 2000～2025mm; The outer diameter D 2 of tubular cinder notch portion is 1030～1066.9mm, and inner diameter D 1 is 810～850mm.The outer diameter D 2 of tubular cinder notch portion is slightly less than chilling ring inner diameter d 4, and chilling ring is close to tubular cinder notch portion, contributes to fixedly chilling ring and alleviates its vibration in process of production, in order to avoid vibration causes the wearing and tearing of chilling ring and loosening.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the moulding together with tubular cinder notch portion of ring-type cinder notch portion.Can effectively avoid equally high-temperature synthesis gas and slag to the washing away of chilling ring, also can alleviate the heat etching to chilling ring of high-temperature synthesis gas and slag.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show the schematic structure of the chilling ring of air-flow vapourizing furnace according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, this chilling ring 21 comprises the outer shroud 211 that forms annular outer chamber 211a, form the interior ring 212 of annular cavity chamber 212a, and be fixedly connected on the chilled water pipeline 213 on outer shroud 211, wherein, interior ring 212 is provided with the first water outlet annular space 212b, outer chamber 211a and the 212a of inner cavity chamber are separated by the water inlet annular space 214 of ring-type spacer ring 215 and ring-type spacer ring 215 tops, the chilled water import horizontal tangential of chilled water pipeline 213 is connected with outer chamber 211a, the inwall that chilled water goes out at downtake 22 from the first water outlet annular space 212b eddy flow forms the moisture film under helical flow.
Between outer shroud 211 and interior ring 212, have ring-type spacer ring 215, water inlet annular space 214 is positioned on ring-type spacer ring 215.The bottom of ring-type spacer ring 215 is fixedly connected with downtake 22.
Chilled water enters outer chamber 211a by chilled water import horizontal tangential, through the water inlet annular space 214 on spacer ring, enter the 212a of inner cavity chamber again, then from the interior ring lower end of the 212a of inner cavity chamber and the first water outlet annular space 212b between downtake, flow out, because chilled water tangentially enters annular outer-cavity chamber, chilling ring forms eddy flow in outer chamber and enters inner cavity chamber, chilled water flows out from the first water outlet annular space with eddy flow, and due to the centrifugal force that eddy flow produces, chilled water can be close to downtake inwall and be under moisture film helical flow.
In the present invention, the structure that the tangential level of annular outer-cavity outdoor that outer shroud forms is fixedly connected with chilled water pipeline makes chilled water by chilled water import level incision outer chamber, making chilled water do high-speed annular in annular outer-cavity Shi He inner cavity chamber flows, greatly dwindled mobile faint dead band in chilling ring, reduce the sediment of small solid particulate in chilling ring in chilled water, be conducive to keep the rate of discharge long-term stability of chilling ring chilled water and the homogeneity of whole outlet annular space water flow.
The structure (referring to Chinese patent application 200920025468.0) that is fixedly connected with obliquely chilling ring with the chilled water pipeline of prior art is compared, in the present invention, the tangential level of annular outer-cavity outdoor that outer shroud forms is fixedly connected with chilled water pipeline, make chilled water by chilled water import level incision outer chamber, the impact that has reduced chilled water in the vertical direction causes moving loss of energy itself, the more kinetic energy of chilled water self is used for maintaining chilled water spin along downtake inwall and move (also having energy-conservation effect simultaneously), like this, chilled water forms eddy flow at downtake inwall at faster speed, its centrifugal force is stronger, chilled water can be more close to downtake inwall and be under moisture film helical flow, speed and stronger centrifugal force faster, the chilled water of same flow also means more intensive moisture film and longer flow process by the more number of turns of rotation in the downtake of equal height, can effectively reduce like this chilled water in the even harm of moisture film fracture of downtake inwall skewness.
Outer shroud 211 is provided with the dredging hole 216 corresponding with water inlet position on ring-type spacer ring 215, plug 217 shutoff for dredging hole.
Interior ring is bolted on Failure of Gasifier Conical base plate, and interior ring 212 bottoms are oblique design.Particularly, the lower end of interior ring 212 has annular guiding surface 212c, and guiding surface 212c extends radially outwardly, and forms the first water outlet annular space 212b between the edge of guiding surface 212c and downtake.Guiding surface 212c and horizontal sextant angle a are between 10～80 degree, and the concrete angle of this angle makes the chilled water that sprays into downtake 22 from the second outlet annular space 212d can not blocked as good by the tubular cinder notch portion of slag notch brick just.
Guiding surface 212c is provided with the second outlet annular space 212d in the face of downtake inner chamber.
In the present invention, the ramp structure of interior ring bottom uniqueness (being guiding surface 212c) makes a part of chilled water to spray into downtake 22 and can not blocked by the tubular cinder notch portion of slag notch brick from the second outlet annular space 212d, the chilled water that sprays into downtake can realize the decreasing temperature and increasing humidity dedusting to synthetic gas and slag, the chilled water of relatively common spray orifice ejection, chilled water by the second water outlet annular space 212d ejection can cover larger space, downtake inside, reach better humidification dust removing effects, more coal ash is precipitated in shock chamber's water-bath, the coal ash that synthetic gas is carried to washing tower tails off, make the especially fine solid particle content minimizing of coal ash of water-bath in washing tower, like this, chilled water fine solid particle concentration from washing tower decreases, thereby can delay the sediment of small solid particulate in chilling ring in chilled water, and then can stablize for more time the homogeneity of rate of discharge and the whole outlet annular space water flow of chilling ring chilled water, thereby effectively extend the cycle of operation of vapourizing furnace.
In this second outlet annular space 212d, be provided with eddy flow section 218, this eddy flow section 218 is a section of tilting towards eddy flow direction, have one maintain original eddy flow (being exactly the chilled water that does not hinder original eddy flow) and be connected the two-part effect being separated by annular space, it is main purposes that the latter connects the two portions that separated by annular space.
Preferably, the outer shroud 211 of chilling ring 21 and interior ring 212 are forged steel pieces structure, and its nook preferred embodiment is arc-shaped structure.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the slag notch brick of an airflow bed gasification furnace, for vapourizing furnace, described vapourizing furnace comprises combustion chamber (10) and is positioned at the shock chamber (20) of below, described combustion chamber (10), the bottom of described combustion chamber (10) is provided with cinder notch (11), in described shock chamber (20), be provided with the chilling ring (21) and the downtake (22) below described chilling ring (21) that are positioned at described cinder notch (11) below, it is characterized in that
Described slag notch brick (12) comprises ring-type cinder notch portion (121) on the cone base plate (13) that is supported on described airflow bed gasification furnace and the tubular cinder notch portion (122) matching with the inner side of the chilling ring (21) of described cone base plate (13) below, and described ring-type cinder notch portion (121) extends radially outwardly from the upper end edge of described tubular cinder notch portion (122).
2. slag notch brick according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tubular cinder notch portion (122) is nested to be fixed in described ring-type cinder notch portion (121).
3. slag notch brick according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ring-type cinder notch portion (121) and tubular cinder notch portion (122) are one-body molded.
4. slag notch brick according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the external diameter of described ring-type cinder notch portion (121) is 2000～2025mm, and internal diameter is 810～850mm; The external diameter of described tubular cinder notch portion (122) is 1030～1066.9mm, and internal diameter is 810～850mm.
5. an airflow bed gasification furnace, comprise combustion chamber (10) and be positioned at the shock chamber (20) of described combustion chamber (10) below, below, described combustion chamber (10) has the cinder notch (11) communicating with described shock chamber (20), in described shock chamber (20), be provided with the chilling ring (21) and the downtake (22) below described chilling ring (21) that are positioned at cinder notch (11) below, it is characterized in that, described cinder notch (11) is provided with according to the vapourizing furnace cinder notch brick described in any one in claim 1 to 4.
6. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described chilling ring (21) comprises the outer shroud (211) that forms annular outer-cavity chamber (211a), form the interior ring (212) of annular cavity chamber (212a), and be fixedly connected on the chilled water pipeline (213) on described outer shroud (211), wherein, described interior ring (212) is provided with the first water outlet annular space (212b), described outer chamber (211a) and inner cavity chamber (212a) are separated by ring-type spacer ring (215) and the water inlet annular space (214) that is positioned at described ring-type spacer ring (215) top, the chilled water import of described chilled water pipeline (213) is connected with described outer chamber (211a) along horizontal tangential, described chilled water goes out from the first water outlet annular space (212b) eddy flow and forms the moisture film under helical flow at the inwall of described downtake (22).
7. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the lower end of described interior ring (212) has annular guiding surface (212c), and described guiding surface (212c) radially outward extends downwards simultaneously.
8. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described guiding surface (212c) is provided with the second outlet annular space (212d) in the face of the interrupted extension of described downtake (22) inner chamber, in described the second outlet annular space (212d), is provided with eddy flow section (218).
9. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described interior ring (212) is fixed on the bottom surface of cone base plate (13) of described cinder notch (11).
10. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described outer shroud (211) is provided with the dredging hole (216) corresponding with described water inlet annular space (214), and described dredging hole (216) is provided with plug (217).
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| CN201210125771.4A CN102643677B (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2012-04-25 | Entrained flow gasifier and slag hole brick thereof |
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| CN102888250B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-04-09 | 张家港化工机械股份有限公司 | Flanged conical plate on gasification furnace |
| DE102014113653A1 (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-03-24 | Choren Industrietechnik GmbH | Reactor for entrained flow gasification of carbonaceous fuels |
| CN104611069B (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2018-02-02 | 上海齐耀热能工程有限公司 | A kind of eddy flow chilling ring |
| CN110229701A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-13 | 宁夏神耀科技有限责任公司 | A kind of cyclone-type gasifier device |
| CN112781056A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Incineration device and method for treating solid hazardous waste |
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| CN101003358A (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2007-07-25 | 华东理工大学 | Multi nozzle of gasification furnace by using feed in brei state or powder state |
| CN101003754A (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-25 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Entrained flow gasification stove, and gasification method |
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| CN202509051U (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-10-31 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Entrained-flow gasifier and cinder notch brick thereof |
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| JP3371692B2 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 2003-01-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Coal gasifier |
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| CN101003754A (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-25 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Entrained flow gasification stove, and gasification method |
| CN101003358A (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2007-07-25 | 华东理工大学 | Multi nozzle of gasification furnace by using feed in brei state or powder state |
| CN101892086A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-11-24 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Coal water slurry gasification furnace for gasifying coal water slurry |
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