CN102632274B - Online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance - Google Patents
Online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep-hole machining of inner-chip removal, particularly provides an online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance and is used for solving the problem that a machined part and a cutter condition are difficult to observe the existing deep-hole machining process. The online detection and correction system comprises a detection part and a correction part, wherein the detection part comprises a light source, a light passing hole and a light beam receiving region, wherein the light beam receiving region comprises a cubic pyramid prism and a reflection mirror; a drill position sensor corresponds to the cubic pyramid prism and a dill posture sensor corresponds to the reflection mirror; and the correction part comprises a stress application mechanism of a pull rope structure, and a plurality of stress application holes which are opened on a drilling rod in a manner of being parallel to the axis of the drilling rod. The online detection and correction system for the small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance has the beneficial effects that the work state of rotating a work piece and feeding a drill to carry out the deep-hole machining can be grasped in time, the posture deviation of the drill can be corrected in time and the correction difficulty of the deep-hole machining is accelerated to be overcome; and the straightness of a deep hole, and the parallelism degree, the perpendicularity and the coaxiality of the deep hole corresponding to a design standard are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of interior chip removal deep-hole processing, be specifically related to the online detection of a kind of small-diameter deep hole drilling laser guidance and deviation-rectifying system.
Background technology
Deep hole machining mainly comprises boring and bore hole, and bore hole enlarges original bottom outlet, and boring is often referred to machining hole on entity, before brill, there is no bottom outlet.Deep hole drill, divide and be mainly by the chip removal mode: bta deep hole drilling and outside chip removal deep hole drill.The deep hole machining major way has: the first, and cutter rotation, workpiece feeding; The second, workpiece rotation, tool feeding.
Deep hole machining is the difficult point of machining, in process, is difficult to observe working position and cutter situation, therefore, detects in real time deep hole and error of cutter, finds deflection, in time corrects, and being needs the key subjects that solve, and is also the technical barrier that is resolved far away.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention: in order to solve the problem that is difficult to observe working position and cutter situation in existing deep hole machining process, for workpiece rotation, drill bit feeding, BTA deep hole drilling process, provide a kind of laser that utilizes to detect in real time inner-chip removal deep-hole drill position and attitude (being angle), and automatically adjust as required the drill bit attitude, make its detection that returns to initial value and deviation-rectifying system.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
The laser guidance of small-diameter deep hole drilling is online to be detected and deviation-rectifying system, it is characterized in that comprising test section and correction part,
described test section comprises light source No. one, No. two light sources, on drilling rod, be parallel to the light beam reception area that is fixedly connected with drill bit that arranges on unthreaded hole and drill bit back of crossing that drill rod axis offers, a light source, No. two light sources are arranged at the position of the rear corresponding mistake unthreaded hole of drilling rod, the light beam reception area comprises cube-corner cone prism and speculum, in the altitude range of position corresponding to the cube-corner cone prism of light source and bit location sensor, the place ahead of No. two light sources arranges the drill bit attitude transducer with respect to the Returning beam inclination, on the drill bit attitude transducer, micropore is offered in the position of corresponding No. two light sources, in the altitude range of the position of drill bit attitude transducer corresponding to speculum,
Described correction part comprises on the boosting mechanism of structure of tow line and drilling rod and is parallel to the some afterburning hole that drill rod axis is offered, the hole count in afterburning hole is more than or equal to three, boosting mechanism comprises stay cord, stay cord one end passes afterburning hole and is connected with the drill bit back, after the other end pile warp fixed pulley of stay cord, with swivel nut, be connected, with swivel nut, form the screw rod of threaded engagement and the output shaft fixed connection of motor.
A described light source, No. two light sources, bit location sensor, drill bit attitude transducers all are fixedly installed on outrigger, and described mirror, cube-corner cone prism all are fixedly installed in internal frame, and internal frame is installed on the drill bit back.
Described drill bit comprises bit body, reduced diameter section, baffle ring and the thread segment that is connected with drilling rod, the diameter of reduced diameter section is less than the diameter of bit body, drilling rod, also less than the diameter of baffle ring, the trailing flank of baffle ring abuts against the front end face of drilling rod, and the light beam reception area is arranged in the space of reduced diameter section periphery.
On the front end face of described drill bit back and drilling rod, have the annular groove of mutual correspondence, on two annular grooves, the oil scraper ring cover is installed, oil scraper ring overlaps the supporting y-shaped ring that has, and the front end of light beam reception area and boosting mechanism is arranged in the space between oil scraper ring cover and reduced diameter section.
The present invention takes full advantage of the specific properties work of the optical frames such as laser or high light and speculum, prism, detects online position and the attitude (be angle) of drill bit in process, with coordinate figure and Eulerian angles, represents respectively, by Real time vision.From the several afterburning hole reinforcing at the inner-chip removal deep-hole drill back side, adjust the drill bit attitude in addition, in non-stop-machine situation, correction.Added power is by the power sensor, by Real time vision, monitoring.
The relevant main parts size of the present invention has: motor, arithmetic and control unit, computer that inner-chip removal deep-hole drill (abbreviation drill bit), drilling rod, light source, speculum, cube-corner cone prism, stay cord, correction drill bit are used.
Drill bit is fixed in drilling rod, and drilling rod is fixed on feed box, only does feed motion.Oil delivering unit provides hydraulic oil for deep hole machining, and oil flows into from the oil delivering unit hole, through drilling rod and the gap of workpiece and the gap between the drill bit adjacent knife blades, from drill pipe bore, iron filings is gone out.Between drill pipe bore and cylindrical, be drilled with a through hole, for by emission light beam and Returning beam, be called for short unthreaded hole.
Drill bit comprises blade, bit body, drill bit back, reduced diameter section, baffle ring, several parts of thread segment.Thread segment is fixed on drilling rod, near thread segment, is provided with baffle ring, and after screw thread was tightened, the trailing flank of baffle ring abutted against the end face of drilling rod, realized the axial location of drill bit on drilling rod.The reduced diameter section diameter is less, and less than the diameter of baffle ring, corresponding space is larger, is fixed in the internal frame at drill bit back, is positioned at this space, and the light beam reception area is set in internal frame.It is characteristics of the present invention that drill bit has reduced diameter section, and reduced diameter section not only provides the space that optical frames is installed, and the more important thing is that the existence of reduced diameter section makes adjustment drill bit attitude (being angle) become possibility.
Light source is fixed in outrigger, and outrigger is fixed on lathe, maintains static.Outrigger is provided with peep hole, and the convenient operation person observes its inner member and light beam situation.
The present invention adopts two lasing light emitters or two common intense light sources, sends two-beam.An incident beam, No. two incident beams that light source, No. two light sources send are parallel to the initial axis of drilling rod, an incident beam, No. two incident beams passed unthreaded hole and entered the light beam reception area through a Returning beam of light beam reception area processing formation, No. two Returning beams, the two-way Returning beam passed unthreaded hole and returned, No. one Returning beam arrives the bit location sensor, and No. two Returning beam arrives the drill bit attitude transducer.Returning beam is for detection of the variation of bit location, it is parallel to the initial axis of drill bit, the cube-corner cone prism that directive is fixing with respect to drill bit, characteristics due to this prism, light beam is by after the cube-corner cone prism, with the direction that is parallel to before incident, turn back to the bit location sensor, for detection of the variation of bit location, that is the change in location of drill bit in its axis normal plane.No. two Returning beams are for detection of the variation of drill bit attitude, and it is parallel to the initial axis of drill bit, passes the micropore of offering on the drill bit attitude transducer that is obliquely installed, and toward mirror, turn back to the drill bit attitude transducer by speculum.
In process engineering, not in original correct position, the hot spot on bit location sensor and attitude transducer will change when drill bit.Adopt prior art can detect hot spot and change, such as a lot of small photo resistance that distributing according to certain rules of, position sensor working surface, light beam irradiates to the photo resistance resistance will diminish, be not difficult thus to obtain the variation of hot spot.The cube-corner cone prism is different from general optical prism, by it, can reflect that drill bit changes at the two-dimensional position perpendicular in light source line plane.Be understood that, by the variation of hot spot, the variation that also can reverse goes out the drill bit attitude, and it can be changed to reflection on computers.
Measured bit location, attitude numerical value, reflected the precision in hole indirectly, realized indirectly detecting online hole.
In case find that drill bit is not in tram, the stay cord by being connected with the drill bit back, apply power to drill bit continuously, makes the drill bit pose recovery to initial attitude.Structure of tow line takes up room little, is suitable for very much the little deep hole of processing diameter, can select stay cord.Operation principle is as follows:
Between drill pipe bore and cylindrical, be processed with several holes---afterburning hole, for the stay cord that applies power to drill bit, pass afterburning hole.Stay cord is connected with drill bit at several some place, drill bit back, is convenient to apply power.These o'clocks are greater than three, conllinear not, and formed triangle or polygon should contain drill pipe bore, so that adapt to drill bit different azimuth adjustment needs.The several holes that process between drill pipe bore and cylindrical, the connecting hole at they and drill bit back respectively over against.The power resources that stay cord applies power are motor, can be also manpowers.One section of stay cord is connected with the drill bit back, and the other end is connected with swivel nut by after pulley.The motor rotation, make the screw rod that is connected with it rotation, thereby drive swivel nut, makes traveling priority.By the size of force sensor measuring pulling force, show on computers.So that further monitoring.Under the prerequisite that takes into full account drill bit intensity, rigidity, torsional rigidity, drill bit changeover portion in the present invention (being also reduced diameter section) diameter is less, makes adjustment drill bit attitude easily realize.The boosting mechanism and the feed box that comprise stay cord, motor are connected, and with drill bit, drilling rod, move.
Determine afterburning size, the factor that should consider comprise drill bit deviation, add the layout in force.
For ease of Computing, a stay cord bearing tension, do not produce pressure, and allow wherein the pulling force of a stay cord be zero.
When adopting three points, because three points determine a plane, so apply continuously power at three places, after certain hour, the attitude of drill bit is corrected.When adopting at a plurality of, power is synthetic, obtain three equivalent forces.Because each power is substantially parallel, can be used as parallel force synthetic, to simplify the computing of computer.
The present invention has arithmetic and control unit, in order to accept bit location information and attitude information, and it is transferred on computer and shows.Also, according to the drill bit attitude information, to motor, send rotation, stall, counter-rotating instruction, thereby progressively adjust the drill bit attitude by stay cord, until return to initial position.
3 attitudes that can determine a plane, can not determine the position of an actual plane.Therefore, although the location parameter of the present invention's energy measurement and display drill bit, its numerical value can only be as a reference.Three or more power that the present invention applies is substantially perpendicular to the drill bit back, and they can not be at the drill axis normal plane, or direct adjustment drill bit in light source collimation method face.Large because in the drill axis normal plane, directly adjusting deep hole drill position difficulty, in the industry, ripe adjustment scheme is arranged not yet at present.But the present invention corrects the drill bit attitude misalignment, to a certain extent, can play the effect of correcting the bit location deviation, and, the present invention is real-time detection, controls in real time, corrects rapidly the drill bit attitude misalignment, obviously be conducive to guarantee that the linearity of deep hole and deep hole, with respect to the depth of parallelism, perpendicularity, the axiality of its design basis, can prevent the deep hole deflection.
In order to prevent from affecting from the hydraulic oil that oil delivering unit enters the work of optical element, the present invention is provided with the oil scraper ring cover, oil scraper ring cover two ends are positioned over respectively in the annular groove of the annular groove at drill bit back and drilling rod end face, when the oil scraper ring cover is installed, is furnished with y-shaped ring, the pressure-acting of fluid is in sealing ring, has an oil pressure larger, the characteristics that sealing effectiveness is better.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the first, utilize the characteristic of laser and optical frames, the position and the attitude that detect online inner-chip removal deep-hole drill change, and in time grasp the duty of workpiece rotation, drill bit feeding deep hole machining, are technical important breakthrough.The variation of drill bit has reflected the quality in hole indirectly, so the present invention can be used as the deep hole machining cubing and uses.The second, the technical scheme of timely correction drill bit attitude misalignment has been proposed.Drill bit characteristics of the present invention are to have " reduced diameter section ", " reduced diameter section " that the space that optical frames is installed not only is provided, and the more important thing is that the existence of " reduced diameter section " makes adjustment drill bit attitude (being angle) become possibility.The present invention has promoted the solution of a deep hole machining correction difficult problem, will improve deep hole linearity and the deep hole depth of parallelism, perpendicularity, the axiality with respect to design basis.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the drilling rod end view,
Fig. 3 is the drill bit structure sketch,
Fig. 4 is the drill bit rear end view,
in figure: the 1-workpiece, the 2-drill bit, 3-oil scraper ring cover, the 4-Y RunddichtringO, the 5-oil delivering unit, the 6-drilling rod, the 7-feed box, the 8-stay cord, the 9-screw rod, the 10-swivel nut, the 11-fixed pulley, the 12-reduced diameter section, the 13-connecting hole, 14-drill bit chip-removal hole, the 15-motor, light source of 16-, No. bis-light sources of 17-, 18-bit location sensor, 19-drill bit attitude transducer, incident beam of 20-, No. bis-incident beams of 21-, Returning beam of 22-, No. bis-Returning beams of 23-, the 24-annular groove, the 25-screw hole, 26-drill bit back, the 27-thread segment, the 28-baffle ring, the 29-speculum, 30-cube-corner cone prism, the 31-internal frame, the 32-outrigger, 33-crosses unthreaded hole, the 34-threaded connection hole, the afterburning hole of 35-, 36-drilling rod chip-removal hole, the 37-bit body, the 38-blade.
The specific embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, workpiece 1 rotation of the present invention, drill bit 2 feedings.On workpiece, there is no bottom outlet, need the deep hole of auger spindle line level.
The present invention includes drill bit 2, drilling rod 6, oil delivering unit 5, drill bit feed box 7, a light source 16, No. two light sources 17, bit location sensor 18, drill bit attitude transducer 19, speculum 29, motor 15, arithmetic and control unit, computer (not shown) that cube-corner cone prism 30, stay cord 8, correction drill bit are used.
Drill bit 2 is fixed in drilling rod 6 by its thread segment 27, and drilling rod 6 is fixed on feed box 7, only does feed motion.Oil delivering unit 5 is for deep hole machining provides hydraulic oil, and oil flows into from the hole of oil delivering unit 5, and the gap between the gap of process drilling rod 6 and workpiece 1 and the blade 38 of drill bit 2, go out iron filings from drilling rod chip-removal hole 36.
Between drilling rod chip-removal hole 36 and cylindrical, be drilled with unthreaded hole 33.
Drill bit comprises blade 38, bit body 37, drill bit back 26, reduced diameter section 12, baffle ring 28, thread segment more than 27 parts.Drill bit in the present invention, be provided with baffle ring 28 near threaded portion, and after screw thread was tightened, the baffle ring trailing flank abutted against the end face of drilling rod.Reduced diameter section 12 diameters are less, and corresponding space is larger, and the internal frame 31 that is fixed in the drill bit back is positioned at this space, in internal frame, are fixed with the speculum 29 of light beam reception area, cube-corner cone prism 30.
Described No. one, No. two light sources are LASER Light Source or high light light source, and light source 16, No. two light sources 17, bit location sensor 18, drill bit attitude transducers 19 all are fixedly installed in outrigger 32, and outrigger 32 is fixed on lathe, maintains static.
The incident beam 20 that light source 16 sends, be parallel to drill bit, the initial axis of drilling rod, pass the unthreaded hole 33 excessively on drilling rod, arrive cube-corner cone prism 30, through cube-corner cone prism 30, turn back to bit location sensor 18, for detection of bit location, the variation of bit location is with the form reflection of coordinate figure.No. two incident beams 21 that No. two light sources 17 send, pass the micropore of offering on drill bit attitude transducer 19, passes the unthreaded hole of crossing on drilling rod, arrive speculum 29, by speculum 29, turn back to drill bit attitude transducer 19, for detection of the drill bit attitude, the variation of drill bit attitude is with the form reflection of angle.Micropore can adopt the special process processing such as electron beam, ion beam, laser means.
In process engineering, not in original correct position, the hot spot on bit location sensor and attitude transducer will change, the variation of reflection bit location and attitude when drill bit.Measured bit location, attitude numerical value, reflected the precision in hole indirectly, realized indirectly detecting online hole.
In case find that drill bit is not in tram, the stay cord 8 by being connected with drill bit back 26, apply power to drill bit continuously, makes the drill bit pose recovery to initial attitude.
Between drill pipe bore and cylindrical, be processed with 3 afterburning holes 35, for the stay cord that applies power to drill bit, pass hole.3 connecting holes 13 are connected with drill bit stay cord at the drill bit back, are convenient to apply power.3 connecting holes are conllinear not, and formed triangle contains drill pipe bore, so that adapt to drill bit different azimuth adjustment needs.3 afterburning holes 35, with 3, drill bit back connecting hole 13 over against.The power resources that stay cord applies power are motor, can be also manpowers.Strong sensor (not shown) is measured the size of pulling force, shows on computers.Drill bit in the present invention " changeover portion " diameter is less, makes adjustment drill bit attitude easily realize.
The boosting mechanism and the feed box 7 that comprise stay cord 8, motor 15 are connected, and with drill bit 2, drilling rod 6, move.
Described dragline type boosting mechanism, an end of stay cord 8 is connected with the drill bit back, and the other end is connected with swivel nut 10 by after fixed pulley 11.The motor rotation, make the screw rod that is connected with it rotation, thereby drive swivel nut, makes traveling priority.
Three places apply power continuously at the drill bit back, and the attitude of drill bit is corrected.
The present invention has arithmetic and control unit, in order to accept bit location information and attitude information, and it is transferred on computer and shows.Also, according to the drill bit attitude information, to motor, send forward, stall, counter-rotating instruction, thereby progressively adjust the drill bit attitude by stay cord, until return to initial position.
The present invention is provided with oil scraper ring cover 3, and oil scraper ring cover two ends are positioned over respectively in the annular groove of the annular groove at drill bit back and drilling rod end face, when the oil scraper ring cover is installed, are furnished with y-shaped ring.
Claims (3)
1. small-diameter deep hole drilling laser guidance is online detects and deviation-rectifying system, it is characterized in that comprising test section and correction part,
described test section comprises a light source (16), No. two light sources (17), on drilling rod (6), be parallel to light beam reception area that is fixedly connected with drill bit (2) of crossing unthreaded hole (33) and drill bit back (26) upper setting that drill rod axis is offered, a light source (16), No. two light sources (17) are arranged at the corresponding position of crossing unthreaded hole (33), rear of drilling rod (6), the light beam reception area comprises cube-corner cone prism (30) and speculum (29), in the altitude range of position corresponding to cube-corner cone prism (30) of a light source (16) and bit location sensor (18), the place ahead of No. two light sources (17) arranges drill bit attitude transducer (19), micropore is offered in the position of upper corresponding No. two light sources of drill bit attitude transducer (19) (17), in the altitude range of position corresponding to speculum (29) of drill bit attitude transducer (19),
Described correction part comprises on the boosting mechanism of structure of tow line and drilling rod (6) and is parallel to the some afterburning hole (35) that drill rod axis is offered, the hole count in afterburning hole (35) is more than or equal to three, boosting mechanism comprises stay cord (8), stay cord (8) one ends pass afterburning hole (35) and are connected with drill bit back (26), after the other end pile warp fixed pulley (11) of stay cord (8), with swivel nut (10), be connected, with swivel nut (10), form the screw rod (9) of threaded engagement and the output shaft fixed connection of motor (15)
Described drill bit comprises bit body (37), reduced diameter section (12), baffle ring (28) and the thread segment (27) that is connected with drilling rod (6), the diameter of reduced diameter section (12) is less than the diameter of bit body (37), drilling rod (6), also less than the diameter of baffle ring (28), the trailing flank of baffle ring (28) abuts against the front end face of drilling rod (6)
On the front end face of described drill bit back (26) and drilling rod (6), have the annular groove (24) of mutual correspondence, oil scraper ring cover (3) is installed on two annular grooves (24), oil scraper ring cover (3) is supporting y-shaped ring (4), and the front end of light beam reception area and boosting mechanism is arranged in the space between oil scraper ring cover (3) and reduced diameter section (12).
2. small-diameter deep hole drilling according to claim 1 laser guidance is online detects and deviation-rectifying system, it is characterized in that a light source (16), No. two light sources (17), bit location sensor (18), drill bit attitude transducer (19) all are fixedly installed on outrigger (32), described speculum (29), cube-corner cone prism (30) all are fixedly installed in internal frame (31), and internal frame (31) is installed on drill bit back (26).
3. small-diameter deep hole drilling according to claim 1 and 2 laser guidance is online detects and deviation-rectifying system, it is characterized in that the strong sensor of the upper installation of stay cord (8).
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| CN2012101113671A CN102632274B (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2012-04-17 | Online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance |
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| CN2012101113671A CN102632274B (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2012-04-17 | Online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance |
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| CN102632274B true CN102632274B (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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| CN103182552B (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2015-05-20 | 中北大学 | Deep hole processing online detection and correction device |
| CN103278111B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2016-03-30 | 中北大学 | A kind of hole linearity testing apparatus with liquid plastics |
| CN112222474A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-01-15 | 盐城工学院 | Method for predicting and controlling straightness error of deep hole gun drill processing |
| CN113103037A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-13 | 湖北博英精工科技股份有限公司 | Piston pin drilling device |
| CN114833378A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏振赋林智能科技有限公司 | Bearing seat ultra-precision drilling machining device with correcting and deviation preventing functions |
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| JP2543409B2 (en) * | 1989-06-24 | 1996-10-16 | 九州東芝機械株式会社 | Bending control method in deep hole machining |
| CN100355533C (en) * | 2005-01-17 | 2007-12-19 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Apparatus for definding gradient of tool |
| EP1767297B1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2013-01-09 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Deep-hole drill, drilling process and workpiece manufactured by means of such a deep-hole drill |
| CN2801348Y (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2006-08-02 | 青岛地恩地机电科技股份有限公司 | Self power supply laser location device of hole processing machinery |
| CN102198527B (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2013-04-03 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for correcting eccentricity of drill type deep hole |
| CN202622002U (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-12-26 | 中北大学 | Online detection and deviation rectification system for small-diameter deep hole drilling laser guidance |
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