CN102632274A - Online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance - Google Patents
Online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102632274A CN102632274A CN2012101113671A CN201210111367A CN102632274A CN 102632274 A CN102632274 A CN 102632274A CN 2012101113671 A CN2012101113671 A CN 2012101113671A CN 201210111367 A CN201210111367 A CN 201210111367A CN 102632274 A CN102632274 A CN 102632274A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep-hole machining of inner-chip removal, particularly provides an online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance and is used for solving the problem that a machined part and a cutter condition are difficult to observe the existing deep-hole machining process. The online detection and correction system comprises a detection part and a correction part, wherein the detection part comprises a light source, a light passing hole and a light beam receiving region, wherein the light beam receiving region comprises a cubic pyramid prism and a reflection mirror; a drill position sensor corresponds to the cubic pyramid prism and a dill posture sensor corresponds to the reflection mirror; and the correction part comprises a stress application mechanism of a pull rope structure, and a plurality of stress application holes which are opened on a drilling rod in a manner of being parallel to the axis of the drilling rod. The online detection and correction system for the small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance has the beneficial effects that the work state of rotating a work piece and feeding a drill to carry out the deep-hole machining can be grasped in time, the posture deviation of the drill can be corrected in time and the correction difficulty of the deep-hole machining is accelerated to be overcome; and the straightness of a deep hole, and the parallelism degree, the perpendicularity and the coaxiality of the deep hole corresponding to a design standard are improved.
Description
Technical field
The technical field of chip removal deep hole machining is specifically related to a kind of online detection of Small-deep Hole drilling laser guidance and deviation-rectifying system in the invention belongs to.
Background technology
Deep hole machining mainly comprises boring and bore hole, and bore hole enlarges original bottom outlet, and boring is often referred to machining hole on entity, before the brill, does not have bottom outlet.Deep hole drill is mainly by chip removal mode branch: bta deep hole drilling and outer chip removal depth drill.The main mode of deep hole machining has: the first, and cutter rotation, workpiece feeding; The second, workpiece rotation, tool feeding.
Deep hole machining is the difficult point of machining, is difficult to observe working position and cutter situation in the process, therefore, detects deep hole and cutter error in real time, finds deflection, in time correct, and be the key subjects that need solution, also be the technical barrier that is resolved far away.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention: in order to solve the problem that is difficult to observe working position and cutter situation in the existing deep hole machining process; For workpiece rotation, drill bit feeding, bta deep hole drilling are cut process; Provide a kind of laser real-time of utilizing to detect bta deep hole drilling head position and attitude (being angle); And adjust the drill bit attitude as required automatically, make its detection that returns to initial value and deviation-rectifying system.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
Online detection of Small-deep Hole drilling laser guidance and deviation-rectifying system is characterized in that comprising test section and correction part,
Described test section comprises and is parallel to the light beam reception area that is fixedly connected with drill bit that is provided with on unthreaded hole and the drill bit back of crossing that drill rod axis offers on light source, No. two light sources, the drilling rod; A light source, No. two light sources are arranged at the position of the rear corresponding mistake unthreaded hole of drilling rod; The light beam reception area comprises cube-corner cone prism and speculum; In the altitude range of position corresponding to the cube-corner cone prism of light source and bit location sensor; The place ahead of No. two light sources is provided with the drill bit attitude transducer with respect to the Returning beam inclination; Micropore is offered in the position of corresponding No. two light sources on the drill bit attitude transducer, in the altitude range of the position of drill bit attitude transducer corresponding to speculum
Described correction part comprises on boosting mechanism and the drilling rod of structure of tow line and is parallel to the some afterburning hole that drill rod axis is offered; The hole count in afterburning hole is more than or equal to three; Boosting mechanism comprises stay cord; Stay cord one end passes afterburning hole and is connected with the drill bit back, is connected with swivel nut behind the other end pile warp fixed pulley of stay cord, forms the screw rod of threaded engagement and the output shaft fixed connection of motor with swivel nut.
A described light source, No. two light sources, bit location sensor, drill bit attitude transducers all are fixedly installed on the outrigger, and described mirror, cube-corner cone prism all are fixedly installed in internal frame, and internal frame is installed on the drill bit back.
Described drill bit comprises bit body, reduced diameter section, baffle ring and the thread segment that is connected with drilling rod; The diameter of reduced diameter section is less than the diameter of bit body, drilling rod; Also less than the diameter of baffle ring; The trailing flank of baffle ring abuts against the front end face of drilling rod, and the light beam reception area is arranged in the peripheral space of reduced diameter section.
Have the annular groove of mutual correspondence on the front end face of described drill bit back and drilling rod; On two annular grooves the oil scraper ring cover is installed; Oil scraper ring overlaps the supporting y-shaped ring that has, and the front end of light beam reception area and boosting mechanism is arranged in the space between oil scraper ring cover and the reduced diameter section.
The present invention makes full use of the specific properties work of optical frames such as laser or high light and speculum, prism, and position and the attitude (be angle) of online detection drill bit in process represented with coordinate figure and Eulerian angles respectively, shown by computer real-time.Afterburning from the several afterburning hole at the bta deep hole drilling head back side in addition, adjustment drill bit attitude, under non-stop-machine situation, correction.Added power is shown, is monitored by computer real-time through the power sensor.
The relevant main parts size of the present invention has: motor, arithmetic and control unit, computer that bta deep hole drilling head (abbreviation drill bit), drilling rod, light source, speculum, cube-corner cone prism, stay cord, correction drill bit are used.
Drill bit is fixed in drilling rod, and drilling rod is fixed on the feed box, only does feed motion.Oil delivering unit is that deep hole machining provides hydraulic oil, and oil is gone into from the oil delivering unit orifice flow, through drilling rod and the gap of workpiece and the gap between the drill bit adjacent knife blades, from drill pipe bore iron filings is gone out.Be drilled with a through hole between drill pipe bore and the cylindrical, be used for being called for short unthreaded hole through emission light beam and Returning beam.
Drill bit comprises blade, bit body, drill bit back, reduced diameter section, baffle ring, several parts of thread segment.Thread segment is fixed on drilling rod, is provided with baffle ring near thread segment, and after the screwed, the trailing flank of baffle ring abuts against the end face of drilling rod, realizes the axial location of drill bit on drilling rod.The reduced diameter section diameter is less, and less than the diameter of baffle ring, pairing space is bigger, is fixed in the internal frame at drill bit back, is positioned at this space, and the light beam reception area is set in the internal frame.It is characteristics of the present invention that drill bit has reduced diameter section, and reduced diameter section not only provides the space that optical frames is installed, and the more important thing is that the existence of reduced diameter section makes adjustment drill bit attitude (being angle) become possibility.
Light source is fixed in the outrigger, and outrigger is fixed on the lathe, and is fixed.Outrigger is provided with peep hole, is convenient to the operator and observes its inner member and light beam situation.
The present invention adopts two lasing light emitters or two common intense light sources, sends two-beam.An incident beam, No. two incident beams that light source, No. two light sources send are parallel to the initial axis of drilling rod; An incident beam, No. two incident beams passed unthreaded hole and got into the light beam reception area through a Returning beam of light beam reception area processing formation, No. two Returning beams; The two-way Returning beam passed unthreaded hole and returned; No. one Returning beam arrives the bit location sensor, and No. two Returning beam arrives the drill bit attitude transducer.A Returning beam is used to detect the variation of bit location; It is parallel to the initial axis of drill bit, and the cube-corner cone prism that directive is fixing with respect to drill bit is because the characteristics of this prism; Light beam is through behind the cube-corner cone prism; Direction to be parallel to before the incident turns back to the bit location sensor, is used to detect the variation of bit location, that is the change in location of drill bit in its axis normal plane.No. two Returning beams are used to detect the variation of drill bit attitude, and it is parallel to the initial axis of drill bit, pass the micropore of offering on the drill bit attitude transducer that is obliquely installed, and toward mirror turns back to the drill bit attitude transducer by speculum.
In process engineering, when drill bit not in original correct position, the hot spot on bit location sensor and the attitude transducer will change.Adopt prior art can detect hot spot and change, such as a lot of small photo resistance that distributing according to certain rules of, position sensor working surface, light beam irradiates to the photo resistance resistance will diminish, be not difficult to obtain the variation of hot spot thus.The cube-corner cone prism is different from general optical prism, can reflect that through it drill bit is changing perpendicular to the two-dimensional position in the light source line plane.Be understood that,, also can instead obtain the variation of drill bit attitude, and can it be changed reflection on computers through the variation of hot spot.
Measured bit location, attitude numerical value have reflected indirectly and the precision in hole have realized the indirect online detection to the hole.
In case find drill bit not in the tram, the stay cord through linking to each other with the drill bit back applies power to drill bit continuously, make the drill bit pose recovery to initial attitude.Structure of tow line takes up room little, is fit to very much the little deep hole of processing diameter, can select stay cord for use.Operation principle is following:
Between drill pipe bore and cylindrical, be processed with several holes---afterburning hole, the stay cord that is used for the power that applies to drill bit passes afterburning hole.Several some place links to each other with drill bit stay cord at the drill bit back, is convenient to apply power.These o'clocks are greater than three, conllinear not, and formed triangle or polygon should contain drill pipe bore, so that adapt to drill bit different azimuth adjustment needs.The several holes that between drill pipe bore and cylindrical, process, the connecting hole at they and drill bit back respectively over against.The power resources that stay cord applies power are motor, also can be manpowers.One section of stay cord links to each other with the drill bit back, and the other end links to each other with swivel nut through behind the pulley.The motor rotation makes the screw rod rotation that is connected with it, moves as straight line thereby drive swivel nut.By the size of force sensor measuring pulling force, show on computers.So that further monitoring.Under the prerequisite that takes into full account drill bit intensity, rigidity, torsional rigidity, drill bit changeover portion among the present invention (also being reduced diameter section) diameter is less, makes adjustment drill bit attitude realize easily.The boosting mechanism and the feed box that comprise stay cord, motor are connected, and move with drill bit, drilling rod.
The afterburning size of decision, the factor that should consider comprise drill bit deviation, add the layout in force.
For ease of Computing, stay cord only bears pulling force, does not produce pressure, and lets wherein the pulling force of a stay cord be zero.
When adopting three points,,,, finally can make the attitude of drill bit obtain correcting through behind the certain hour so apply power continuously at three places because three points determine a plane.When adopting at a plurality of, power is synthetic, obtain three equivalent forces.Because each power is substantially parallel, can be used as parallel force and synthesize, to simplify the computing of computer.
The present invention has arithmetic and control unit, in order to accepting bit location information and attitude information, and it is transferred on the computer shows.Also, send rotation, stall, counter-rotating instruction to motor, thereby progressively adjust the drill bit attitude, till returning to initial position through stay cord according to the drill bit attitude information.
3 attitudes that can determine a plane can not determine the position of an actual plane.Therefore, though the present invention's energy measurement and the location parameter that shows drill bit, its numerical value can only be as a reference.Three or more power that the present invention applies is substantially perpendicular to the drill bit back, and they can not be at the drill axis normal plane, or directly adjusts drill bit in the light source collimation method face.Because of directly adjustment deep hole drill position difficulty is big in the drill axis normal plane, in the industry ripe adjustment scheme is not arranged as yet at present.But the present invention corrects the drill bit attitude misalignment, to a certain extent, can play the effect of correcting the bit location deviation; And; The present invention is real-time detection, and the drill bit attitude misalignment is corrected in control rapidly in real time; Obviously the linearity and the deep hole that help guaranteeing deep hole can prevent the deep hole deflection with respect to the depth of parallelism, perpendicularity, the axiality of its design basis.
In order to prevent to influence the work of optical element from the hydraulic oil that oil delivering unit gets into; The present invention is provided with the oil scraper ring cover, and oil scraper ring cover two ends are positioned over respectively in the annular groove of annular groove and drilling rod end face at drill bit back, during the installation of oil scraper ring cover; Is furnished with y-shaped ring; The pressure of fluid acts on sealing ring, and it is big more to have an oil pressure, the characteristics that sealing effectiveness is good more.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the first, utilize the characteristic of laser and optical frames, the position of online detection bta deep hole drilling head and attitude change, and in time grasp the duty of workpiece rotation, drill bit feeding deep hole machining, are technical important breakthrough.The variation of drill bit has reflected the quality in hole indirectly, so the present invention can be used as the deep hole machining cubing and uses.The second, the technical scheme of timely correction drill bit attitude misalignment has been proposed.Drill bit characteristics of the present invention are to have " reduced diameter section ", " reduced diameter section " that the space that optical frames is installed not only is provided, and the more important thing is that the existence of " reduced diameter section " makes adjustment drill bit attitude (being angle) become possibility.The present invention has promoted the solution of a deep hole machining correction difficult problem, with improving deep hole linearity and the deep hole depth of parallelism, perpendicularity, the axiality with respect to design basis.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the drilling rod end view,
Fig. 3 is the drill bit structure sketch,
Fig. 4 is the drill bit rear end view,
Among the figure: 1-workpiece, 2-drill bit, 3-oil scraper ring cover, 4-Y RunddichtringO, 5-oil delivering unit, 6-drilling rod, 7-feed box; The 8-stay cord, 9-screw rod, 10-swivel nut, 11-fixed pulley, 12-reduced diameter section, 13-connecting hole, 14-drill bit chip-removal hole; The 15-motor, light source of 16-, No. two light sources of 17-, 18-bit location sensor, 19-drill bit attitude transducer, incident beam of 20-; No. two incident beams of 21-, Returning beam of 22-, No. two Returning beams of 23-, 24-annular groove, 25-screw hole, 26-drill bit back; The 27-thread segment, 28-baffle ring, 29-speculum, 30-cube-corner cone prism, 31-internal frame, 32-outrigger; 33-crosses unthreaded hole, 34-threaded connection hole, the afterburning hole of 35-, 36-drilling rod chip-removal hole, 37-bit body, 38-blade.
The specific embodiment
Be described further in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, workpiece 1 rotation of the present invention, drill bit 2 feedings.Do not have bottom outlet on the workpiece, need the deep hole of auger spindle line level.
The present invention includes drill bit 2, drilling rod 8, oil delivering unit 7, drill bit feed box 9, a light source 16; No. two light sources 17; Bit location sensor 18; Drill bit attitude transducer 19, speculum 29, motor 15, arithmetic and control unit, computer (not shown) that cube-corner cone prism 30, stay cord 8, correction drill bit are used.
Drill bit 2 is fixed in drilling rod 6 through its thread segment 27, and drilling rod 6 is fixed on the feed box 7, only does feed motion.Oil delivering unit 5 is for deep hole machining provides hydraulic oil, and oil is gone into from the orifice flow of oil delivering unit 5, through the gap between the blade 38 of the gap of drilling rod 6 and workpiece 1 and drill bit 2, from drilling rod chip-removal hole 36 iron filings gone out.
Be drilled with unthreaded hole 33 between drilling rod chip-removal hole 36 and the cylindrical.
Drill bit comprises blade 38, bit body 37, drill bit back 26, reduced diameter section 12, baffle ring 28, thread segment more than 27 parts.Drill bit among the present invention is provided with baffle ring 28 near threaded portion, and after the screwed, the baffle ring trailing flank abuts against the end face of drilling rod.Reduced diameter section 12 diameters are less, and pairing space is bigger, and the internal frame 31 that is fixed in the drill bit back is positioned at this space, are fixed with the speculum 29 of light beam reception area in the internal frame, cube-corner cone prism 30.
Described No. one, No. two light sources are LASER Light Source or high light light source, and light source 16, No. two light sources 17, bit location sensor 18, drill bit attitude transducers 19 all are fixedly installed in the outrigger 32, and outrigger 32 is fixed on the lathe, and is fixed.
The incident beam 20 that light source 16 sends; Be parallel to drill bit, the initial axis of drilling rod; Pass the unthreaded hole 33 excessively on the drilling rod, arrive cube-corner cone prism 30, turn back to bit location sensor 18 through cube-corner cone prism 30; Be used to detect bit location, the variation of bit location is with the form reflection of coordinate figure.No. two incident beams 21 that No. two light sources 17 send pass the micropore of offering on the drill bit attitude transducer 19, pass the unthreaded hole of crossing on the drilling rod; Arrive speculum 29; Turn back to drill bit attitude transducer 19 by speculum 29, be used to detect the drill bit attitude, the variation of drill bit attitude is with the form reflection of angle.Micropore can adopt special process processing such as electron beam, ion beam, laser means.
In process engineering, when drill bit not in original correct position, the hot spot on bit location sensor and the attitude transducer will change, and reflect the variation of bit location and attitude.Measured bit location, attitude numerical value have reflected indirectly and the precision in hole have realized the indirect online detection to the hole.
In case find drill bit not in the tram, the stay cord 8 through linking to each other with drill bit back 26 applies power to drill bit continuously, make the drill bit pose recovery to initial attitude.
Between drill pipe bore and cylindrical, be processed with 3 afterburning holes 35, the stay cord that is used for the power that applies to drill bit passes the hole.3 connecting holes 13 link to each other with drill bit stay cord at the drill bit back, are convenient to apply power.3 connecting holes are conllinear not, and formed triangle contains drill pipe bore, so that adapt to drill bit different azimuth adjustment needs.3 afterburning holes 35, with 3 connecting holes 13 in drill bit back over against.The power resources that stay cord applies power are motor, also can be manpowers.Strong sensor (not shown) is measured the size of pulling force, shows on computers.Drill bit among the present invention " changeover portion " diameter is less, makes adjustment drill bit attitude realize easily.
The boosting mechanism and the feed box 9 that comprise stay cord 8, motor 15 are connected, and move with drill bit 2, drilling rod 8.
Described dragline type boosting mechanism, an end of stay cord 8 links to each other with the drill bit back, and the other end links to each other with swivel nut 10 through fixed pulley 11 backs.The motor rotation makes the screw rod rotation that is connected with it, moves as straight line thereby drive swivel nut.
Three places apply power continuously at the drill bit back, finally make the attitude of drill bit obtain correcting.
The present invention has arithmetic and control unit, in order to accepting bit location information and attitude information, and it is transferred on the computer shows.Also, send just commentaries on classics, stall, counter-rotating instruction to motor, thereby progressively adjust the drill bit attitude, till returning to initial position through stay cord according to the drill bit attitude information.
The present invention is provided with oil scraper ring cover 3, and oil scraper ring cover two ends are positioned over respectively in the annular groove of annular groove and drilling rod end face at drill bit back, during the installation of oil scraper ring cover, are furnished with y-shaped ring.
Claims (5)
1. online detection of Small-deep Hole drilling laser guidance and deviation-rectifying system is characterized in that comprising test section and correction part,
Described test section comprises a light source (16); No. two light sources (17); Be parallel to unthreaded hole (33) excessively and drill bit back (26) last light beam reception area that is fixedly connected with drill bit (2) that is provided with that drill rod axis is offered on the drilling rod (6); A light source (16); No. two light sources (17) are arranged at the corresponding position of crossing unthreaded hole (33), rear of drilling rod (6); The light beam reception area comprises cube-corner cone prism (30) and speculum (29); In the altitude range of position corresponding to cube-corner cone prism (30) of a light source (16) and bit location sensor (18); The place ahead of No. two light sources (17) is provided with drill bit attitude transducer (19); Drill bit attitude transducer (19) is gone up the position of corresponding No. two light sources (17) and is offered micropore; In the altitude range of position corresponding to speculum (29) of drill bit attitude transducer (19)
Described correction part comprises on boosting mechanism and the drilling rod (6) of structure of tow line and is parallel to the some afterburning hole (35) that drill rod axis is offered; The hole count in afterburning hole (35) is more than or equal to three; Boosting mechanism comprises stay cord (8); Stay cord (8) one ends pass afterburning hole (35) and are connected with drill bit back (26); Other end pile warp fixed pulley (11) back of stay cord (8) is connected with swivel nut (10), forms the screw rod (9) of threaded engagement and the output shaft fixed connection of motor (15) with swivel nut (10).
2. online detection of Small-deep Hole drilling laser guidance according to claim 1 and deviation-rectifying system; It is characterized in that a light source (16), No. two light sources (17), bit location sensor (18), drill bit attitude transducer (19) all are fixedly installed on the outrigger (32); Described speculum (29), cube-corner cone prism (30) all are fixedly installed in internal frame (31), and internal frame (31) is installed on the drill bit back (26).
3. online detection of Small-deep Hole drilling laser guidance according to claim 1 and deviation-rectifying system; It is characterized in that described drill bit comprises bit body (37), reduced diameter section (12), baffle ring (28) and the thread segment (27) that is connected with drilling rod (6); The diameter of reduced diameter section (12) is less than the diameter of bit body (37), drilling rod (6); Also less than the diameter of baffle ring (28); The trailing flank of baffle ring (28) abuts against the front end face of drilling rod (6), and the light beam reception area is arranged in the peripheral space of reduced diameter section (12).
4. online detection of Small-deep Hole drilling laser guidance according to claim 1 and deviation-rectifying system; It is characterized in that having on the front end face of described drill bit back (26) and drilling rod (6) annular groove (24) of mutual correspondence; Oil scraper ring cover (3) is installed on two annular grooves (24); Oil scraper ring cover (3) is supporting to have y-shaped ring (4), and the front end of light beam reception area and boosting mechanism is arranged in the space between oil scraper ring cover (3) and the reduced diameter section (12).
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described online detection of Small-deep Hole drilling laser guidance and deviation-rectifying systems, it is characterized in that the upward strong sensor of installation of stay cord (8).
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| CN2012101113671A CN102632274B (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2012-04-17 | Online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance |
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| CN2012101113671A CN102632274B (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2012-04-17 | Online detection and correction system for small-diameter deep-hole drilling laser guidance |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103182552A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-03 | 中北大学 | Deep hole processing online detection and correction device |
| CN103278111A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-09-04 | 中北大学 | Hole linearity detecting device with liquid plastics |
| CN112222474A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-01-15 | 盐城工学院 | Method for predicting and controlling straightness error of deep hole gun drill processing |
| CN113103037A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-13 | 湖北博英精工科技股份有限公司 | Piston pin drilling device |
| CN114833378A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏振赋林智能科技有限公司 | Bearing seat ultra-precision drilling machining device with correcting and deviation preventing functions |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112222474A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-01-15 | 盐城工学院 | Method for predicting and controlling straightness error of deep hole gun drill processing |
| CN113103037A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-13 | 湖北博英精工科技股份有限公司 | Piston pin drilling device |
| CN114833378A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏振赋林智能科技有限公司 | Bearing seat ultra-precision drilling machining device with correcting and deviation preventing functions |
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| CN102632274B (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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