CN102628961B - Special digital seismograph used for measuring underground microquake - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel digital seismograph used for underground microquake detection. By using the novel digital seismograph, a problem that the recording time of the current seismograph is not long enough can be solved. The novel digital seismograph is used to detect a seismic wave generated during fracturing in a well. An observation system takes a mouth of a well as a center of a circle, is formed by a plurality of concentric circles and forms a cyclic structure. A hardware portion is formed by six units, such as a central control operation system (CCOS), a root unit (RU), cross units (XU), power units (PU), an acquisition string (AS), a fiber line (FL) and the like. The RU is connected with the CCOS through a gigabit network cable and provides 1-2 gigabit optical cable interfaces according to a requirement of an apparatus capacity so as to be connected with the XUs. The XUs, which possess two optical cable interfaces, can be connected in series through the FL and be connected with the RU. Simultaneously, the XUs possesses two special communication interfaces which connect an acquisition line (AL) formed by the AS and the PU that are connected in series. All the acquisition data are transmitted and recorded in real time. The seismograph possesses extremely long data acquisition and recording abilities and can collect continuously for several days, several weeks or even several months.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of digital seismograph, particularly relate to the special digital seismograph of microseism under a kind of measuring well.
Technical background
High accuracy number seismograph is or earthquake signal artificial for record, then according to the record of these seismic signals, find the exploration instrument for geology of oil, gas, coal and other mineral resources, and can be used for surveying earth ' s internal structure, carry out engineering and geological hazards prediction etc.
Method of seismic exploration remains the Main Means at land and seafari oil and natural gas at present, also be the important method of exploration of other mineral resources simultaneously, and be widely used in studying earth ' s internal structure, engineering exploration and detection, geological hazards prediction etc. aspect.Its basic skills is to bury and put thousands of and even up to ten thousand seismic event sensors (being seismoreceiver) on the ground of exploration target area, then with explosive or vibroseis, excites artificial earthquake.Seismic event is propagated to deep under ground, the interphase that runs into heterogeneity stratum will produce reflection, seismoreceiver picks up reflection wave and converts thereof into analog electrical signal, then by high-precision digital seismograph, these analog electrical signals is converted to digital signal record and gets off.The mass data that ground observation receives is carried out complicated signal processing and Inversion Calculation by indoor high-speed computer, just can obtain clear reliable underground structure image, finally determines position and the degree of depth of mineral resources.
The instrument using in oil and gas prospect industry at present greatly part is the wire-link telemetry seismograph from being produced by countries such as France and the U.S..The seismographic feature of wire-link telemetry is completely by wired system, to be sent instruction and transmitted image data.In current field practical application, occupy leading position, occupy most shares in seismograph market, the world, the Uni Q system of conventional 408/428 series that has Sercel company, the Scorpion of ION company and Aries system and U.S. WesternGeco company etc.
Seismic acquisition configuration can be divided into the transmission of picking up (seismoreceiver), seismic signal of seismic signal, the record of seismic signal and storage three parts.Main 24 telemetric seismic instruments can be divided three classes both at home and abroad: wire-link telemetry seismograph, wireless telemetering seismograph, memory-type data record remote control seismograph.In this three classes telemetric seismic instrument, wire-link telemetry seismograph is still occupied an leading position, and occupies most shares of world market.
France Sercel company is the holding specialized company that is engaged in seismic instrument development of CGG, has the seismic instrument manufacturing experience of five more than ten years.Typical land seismic instrument has: SN338, SN368, SN388 and now widely used 400 series.408U is the network seismograph that Sercel company the nineties is pushed exploration market latter stage to, adopts acquisition link version that acquisition station and cable are become one.408UL system has taken the lead in introducing the concept of Seismic Areal Network, and its core concept is that computer network node concept is incorporated in telseis instrument system, thereby using distance apparatus system as a computer network.Host record system, LAUL, LAUX are as network node, and coupled system software completes control and management.The large line data transmission rate of 408UL is 8.192MHz, and cross spider data transmission rate is 16.384MHz, large line real-time Transmission 1000 roads under 2ms sampling rate, cross spider real-time Transmission 2000 roads.Compare with 408UL, host computer system and the data transmission structure of 428XL have significant improvement, and main machine structure adopts model of Server/Client, and its large line data transmission rate is 16.384MHz, single line road ability has reached 2000 roads/2ms, and three-dimensional road ability is in real time 10000 roads/2ms.
American I/O N company is also the geophysics equipment manufacturers such as internationally recognizable seismic instrument, vibroseis, seismoreceiver, excitaton source synchro system.Last century, the eighties started to set foot in seismic instrument manufacture, and system-I and the system-II instrument released at that time receive praises from customers.ION company pays much attention to the advanced research of product, takes the lead in recent years releasing 24 A/D seismic instruments, and Vectorseis digital geophone (MEMS) makes the revolutionary progress of twice generation of seismic instrument.The land seismic instrument that ION company produces mainly comprises Scorpion and Aries system.In 2010, the land instrument part of ION company merged and sets up the INOVA of Liao Yijia new company with east geophysics company of CNPC (BGP).
When seismic prospecting, in order to obtain systematically following the trail of the seismologic record of zone of interest significant wave, must suitably arrange the mutual alignment with selective excitation point and acceptance point in the wild during data collection, position relationship is called recording geometry between this description shot point and acceptance point and between arranging and arranging.
It is a kind of more special recording geometry that the seismic event of down-hole microseismic detection gathers recording geometry, and the microseism that its excitaton source breaks while being reservoir fracturing and produces, is distributed in well around, has randomness.And energy a little less than, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is very low.The observing system adopting is at present radial, centered by well head, is radial stretches out by some surveys line.Its advantage is to lay simply, easily realizes, and shortcoming is that decentering point is far away, and circular arc direction spacing is larger, can not form 3-D view.
Up to the present, also there is no in the world the seismograph of special-purpose down-hole microseismic detection, all adopt common seismic instrument to carry out down-hole microseismic detection, the problem such as to record duration inadequate but exist, and time precision is inadequate.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defect of prior art, and the special digital seismograph of microseism under a kind of measuring well is provided.
For achieving the above object, the seismic event that the present invention produces during for detection of well pressure break for the Novel digital seismic detector of down-hole microseismic detection, its recording geometry is to take well head as the center of circle, by a plurality of concentric circless, formed, form cyclic structure, the reception arranging on each circumference is counted can be different, generally along with the increase of circumference, increase, to keep acceptance point to be evenly distributed;
Its hardware components is comprised of six big units such as center-control operating system CCOS (Central Control Operation System), root node RU (Root Unit), crossover node XU (Cross Unit), power supply node PU (Power Unit), acquisition link AS (Acquisition String) and optical cable FL (Fiber Line); Control center and data record center that described center-control operating system CCOS is whole instrument, realize man-machine interaction, arrange to control, gather synchronous, data record, the function such as quality control; Described root node RU is connected with center-control operating system CCOS by gigabit netting twine, and provides 1-2 gigabit optical cable interface to be connected with crossover node XU according to the requirement of instrument capacity; Described crossover node XU has 2 optical cable interfaces, can be connected in series by optical cable FL, and be connected with root node RU; Crossover node XU has 2 private communication interfaces simultaneously, connects and is connected in series arbitrarily by acquisition link AS and power supply node PU the collection line AL (Acquisition Line) forming.
The feature of digital seismograph of the present invention is the feature that has taken into full account cyclic structure recording geometry, for a kind of special digital seismograph that detects down-hole microseism, and data acquisition and the registering capacity with overlength, namely all image data all transmit and record in real time.
As optimization, all image data all transmit and record in real time, thus there is data acquisition and the registering capacity of overlength, can continuous acquisition several days, a few week some months even.
As optimization, described recording geometry: 1. by a plurality of concentric circless, formed, form cyclic structure, i concentrically ringed radius be Ri (i=1,2 ..., max), minimum radius of a circle is R1, maximum radius of a circle is Rmax; 2. the radial direction spacing of adjacent sink (abbreviation span) DRi=R (i+1)-Ri; 3. the arc length spacing of adjacent reception point circumferencial direction (abbreviation arc distance) is DLi, and has DLmin≤DLi≤DLmax, and wherein shortest arc is long is DLmin, and long arc is long is DLmax.4. on i circumference, lay Mi acceptance point and be uniformly distributed, and Mi=N * 2
m(N=3,4,5,6,7,8, M=0,1,2,3 ...), 2 multiples (except innermost circle) that the acceptance point of laying on each circumference is innermost circle.
As optimization, described center-control operating system CCOS is placed on instrument truck, be the main logic unit of whole digital seismograph, hardware components is comprised of computer server Server, network switch Switch, client computer terminal PC, memory device Storage device, plotting equipment Plotting equipment and GPS etc.; Software is comprised of operating system software and control operation software etc.; GPS, except providing location coordinate information, returns instrument time service, guarantees the time accuracy of non-volatile recording.Described network switch Switch is connected with a plurality of client computer terminal PC arranged side by side with memory device Storage device, plotting equipment Plotting equipment, network switch Switch connects computer server Server again, and computer server Server outwards connects root node RU.
As optimization, described root node RU is comprised of high speed Switching Module SM (Switch module), control module CM (Control module) and power module PM (Power Module) etc.; High speed Switching Module SM (Switch module) provide data exchanging function; Control module CM realizes the control to high speed Switching Module SM according to the instruction of center-control operating system CCOS; Power module PM provides power supply support for each module.
As optimization, described crossover node XU is comprised of high speed Switching Module SM, control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Data exchange module SM is gigabit switch module, and gigabit interface connects respectively upper level crossover node XU and next stage crossover node XU; Control module CM has the acquisition link AS that 2 private communication interfaces connect respectively both sides.High speed Switching Module SM (Switch module) provide data exchanging function; Control module CM realizes the control to high speed Switching Module SM according to the instruction of center-control operating system CCOS; Power module PM provides power supply support for each module.GPS module is except location coordinate information etc. is provided.
As optimization, described power supply node PU is comprised of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects respectively upper level and next stage acquisition link AS.Control module CM realizes and controlling according to the instruction of center-control operating system CCOS; Power module PM provides power supply support for each module.GPS module provides location coordinate information etc.
As optimization, described collection line AL can be connected in series and form arbitrarily by power supply node PU and acquisition link AS, acquisition link AS and acquisition link AS; Power supply node PU on collection line AL provides power supply to supply with to the acquisition station AU on both sides, and the power supply capacity of power supply node PU has been determined the maximum acquisition station numbers between two power supply node PU.In native system, power supply node PU rises to 72V the 12V voltage of power supply storage battery acquisition station is powered.Due to line loss, the power supply voltage range of acquisition station is at 24～72V.
As optimization, described acquisition link AS is formed by connecting by cable by several (being generally 4,6 or 8) acquisition station AU (Acquisition Unit), acquisition station AU gathers the signal of digital geophone, and is communicated with data and transmitted by private communication interface.
As optimization, described acquisition station AU is comprised of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects respectively upper level and next stage acquisition station AU, has a special purpose interface and connects the sensors such as conventional wave detector or MEMS; Power supply adopts " ghost to " mode far to supply by power supply node PU by communication interface, power module PM the 72V (because line loss supply voltage can reduce along with the distance of power supply, the minimum supply voltage of acquisition station is set as 24V) of confession convert the required various voltages of acquisition station AU to.Control module CM realizes and controlling according to the instruction of center-control operating system CCOS; Power module PM provides power supply support for each module.GPS module provides location coordinate information etc.
Adopt after technique scheme, the present invention has taken into full account the feature of cyclic structure recording geometry, has data acquisition and the registering capacity of overlength, can continuous acquisition several days, a few week some months even, namely all image data all transmit and record in real time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the special-purpose seismograph theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 2 is that the seismic event of down-hole microseismic detection gathers recording geometry schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the special-purpose seismographic center-control operating system CCOS theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 4 is the special-purpose seismographic root node RU theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 5 is the special-purpose seismographic crossover node XU theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 6 is the special-purpose seismographic power supply node PU theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 7 is the special-purpose seismographic acquisition station AU theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 8 is the special-purpose seismographic a kind of layout scheme schematic diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection.
Embodiment
The present invention is for the Novel digital seismic detector of down-hole microseismic detection, for detection of the seismic event producing during pressure break in well, its recording geometry is to take well head as the center of circle, by a plurality of concentric circless, formed, form cyclic structure, the reception arranging on each circumference is counted can be different, generally along with the increase of circumference, increase, to keep acceptance point to be evenly distributed.
Apparatus of the present invention special digital seismograph hardware components (seeing Fig. 1) is comprised of six big units such as center-control operating system CCOS (Central Control Operation System), root node RU (Root Unit), crossover node XU (Cross Unit), power supply node PU (Power Unit), acquisition link AS (Acquisition String) and optical cable FL (Fiber Line).The feature of digital seismograph of the present invention is the feature that has taken into full account cyclic structure recording geometry, for a kind of special digital seismograph, all image data all transmit and record in real time, have data acquisition and the registering capacity of overlength, can continuous acquisition several days, a few week some months even.
The seismographic center-control operating system of apparatus of the present invention special digital CCOS (seeing Fig. 3) is control center and the data record center of whole instrument, realizes man-machine interaction, arrange to control, gathers synchronous, data record, the function such as quality control.Center-control operating system CCOS is generally placed on instrument truck, be the main logic unit of whole digital seismograph, hardware components is comprised of computer server Server, network switch Switch, client computer terminal PC, memory device Storage device, plotting equipment Plotting equipment and GPS etc.GPS is except providing location coordinate information, and in apparatus of the present invention, also having a vital role is to instrument time service, guarantees the time accuracy of non-volatile recording.Software is comprised of operating system software and control operation software etc.Center-control operating system CCOS is connected with root node RU by gigabit netting twine.
The seismographic root node RU of apparatus of the present invention special digital (seeing Fig. 4) is connected with center-control operating system CCOS by gigabit netting twine, and provides 1-2 gigabit optical cable interface to be connected with crossover node XU according to the requirement of instrument capacity.Root node RU is comprised of high speed Switching Module SM (Switch module), control module CM (Control module) and power module PM (Power Module) etc.High speed Switching Module SM (Switch module) provide data exchanging function; Control module CM realizes the control to high speed Switching Module SM according to the instruction of center-control operating system CCOS; Power module PM provides power supply support for each module.
The seismographic crossover node XU of apparatus of the present invention special digital can be connected in series by optical cable FL, and is connected with root node RU; Crossover node XU has 2 private communication interfaces simultaneously, connects and is connected in series arbitrarily by acquisition link AS and power supply node PU the collection line AL ((Acquisition Line) forming.
The seismographic crossover node XU of apparatus of the present invention special digital (seeing Fig. 5) is comprised of high speed Switching Module SM, control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.Data exchange module SM is gigabit switch module, and gigabit interface connects respectively upper level crossover node XU and next stage crossover node XU.Control module CM has the acquisition link AS that 2 private communication interfaces connect respectively both sides.
The seismographic power supply node PU of apparatus of the present invention special digital (seeing Fig. 6) is comprised of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects respectively upper level and next stage acquisition link AS.
The seismographic collection line of apparatus of the present invention special digital AL can be connected in series and form arbitrarily by power supply node PU and acquisition link AS, acquisition link AS and acquisition link AS.Power supply node PU on collection line AL provides power supply to supply with to the acquisition station AU on both sides, and the power supply capacity of power supply node PU has been determined the maximum acquisition station numbers between two power supply node PU.In native system, power supply node PU rises to 72V the 12V voltage of power supply storage battery acquisition station is powered.Due to line loss, the power supply voltage range of acquisition station is at 24-72V.
The seismographic acquisition link AS of apparatus of the present invention special digital is formed by connecting by cable by several (being generally 4,6 or 8) acquisition station AU (Acquisition Unit), acquisition station AU gathers the signal of digital geophone, and is communicated with data and transmitted by private communication interface.
The seismographic acquisition station AU of apparatus of the present invention special digital (seeing Fig. 7) is comprised of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects respectively upper level and next stage acquisition station AU, has a special purpose interface and connects the sensors such as conventional wave detector or MEMS.Power supply adopts " ghost to " mode far to supply by power supply node PU by communication interface, power module PM the 72V (because line loss supply voltage can reduce along with the distance of power supply, the minimum supply voltage of acquisition station is set as 24V) of confession convert the required various voltages of acquisition station AU to.
The seismic event that apparatus of the present invention special digital seismograph adopts gathers recording geometry (seeing Fig. 2): 1. a plurality of concentric circless, consist of, form cyclic structure, i concentrically ringed radius is Ri (i=1,2 ..., max), minimum radius of a circle is R1, and maximum radius of a circle is Rmax; 2. the radial direction spacing of acceptance point (abbreviation span) is DRi; 3. the arc length spacing of acceptance point circumferencial direction (abbreviation arc distance) is DLi, and has DLmin≤DLi≤DLmax.4. on i circumference, lay Mi acceptance point and be uniformly distributed, and Mi=N * 2
m(N=3,4,5,6,7,8, M=0,1,2,3 ...).According to this recording geometry, we provide following recording geometry example, and provide 2 kinds of layout schemes, see respectively Fig. 1 and Fig. 8.The layout scheme of Fig. 8 has considered that nearly well head circumference circle teaches short situation, adopts round about manner, makes to lay relatively succinct and uses less crossover node XU.
Recording geometry example:
If: R1=50m; Rmax=2000m; DR=25m; DLmin=20m; DLmax=40m.
Have:
1. recording geometry is comprised of 79 concentric circless, and smallest circle radius R 1 is 50m, and greatest circle radius R max is 2000m, and smallest circle girth is 314m, and greatest circle girth is 12560m,
2. the radial direction spacing of acceptance point (abbreviation span) DR is 25m;
3. the spacing of acceptance point circumferencial direction (abbreviation arc distance) is DLi, and has 20m≤DLi≤40m
4. on the 1st circumference, evenly lay 8 acceptance points, on 2nd～3 circumference, evenly lay 16 acceptance points; On 4th～7 circumference, evenly lay 32 acceptance points; On 8th～15 circumference, evenly lay 64 acceptance points; On 16th～31 circumference, evenly lay 128 acceptance points; On 32nd～64 circumference, evenly lay 256 acceptance points; On 65th～79 circumference, evenly lay 512 acceptance points.
5. whole recording geometry is laid with 18856 acceptance points.
Laying situation on each concentric circles is in Table 1.
Table 1: recording geometry parameter list
Claims (9)
1. the Novel digital seismic detector for down-hole microseismic detection, it is characterized in that the seismic event producing during pressure break for detection of in well, its recording geometry is to take well head as the center of circle, by a plurality of concentric circless, formed, form cyclic structure, the reception arranging on each circumference difference of counting, can increase along with the increase of circumference, to keep acceptance point to be evenly distributed;
Its hardware components is comprised of center-control operating system CCOS, root node RU, crossover node XU, power supply node PU, acquisition link AS and optical cable FL six big units; Control center and data record center that described center-control operating system CCOS is whole instrument, realize man-machine interaction, arrange to control, gather synchronous, data record, Quality Control Function; Described root node RU is connected with center-control operating system CCOS by gigabit netting twine, and provides 1-2 gigabit optical cable interface to be connected with crossover node XU according to the requirement of instrument capacity; Described crossover node XU has 2 optical cable interfaces, and by optical cable, FL is connected in series, and is connected with root node RU; Crossover node XU has 2 private communication interfaces simultaneously, connects and is connected in series arbitrarily by acquisition link AS and power supply node PU the collection line AL forming;
Described recording geometry: be 1. comprised of a plurality of concentric circless, form cyclic structure, i concentrically ringed radius is Ri, i=1,2,, max, minimum radius of a circle is R1, maximum radius of a circle is Rmax; 2. the radial direction spacing of adjacent sink is called for short span DRi=R (i+1)-Ri; 3. to be called for short arc distance be DLi to the arc length spacing of adjacent reception point circumferencial direction, and have DLmin≤DLi≤DLmax, and wherein shortest arc is long is DLmin, and long arc is long is DLmax; 4. on i circumference, lay Mi acceptance point and be uniformly distributed, and Mi=N * 2
m, N=3,4,5,6,7,8; M=0,1,2,3,, 2 multiples that the acceptance point of laying on each circumference is innermost circle, except innermost circle.
2. seismograph according to claim 1, is characterized in that all image data all transmit and record in real time, has data acquisition and the registering capacity of overlength, can continuous acquisition several days, a few week some months even.
3. seismograph according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described center-control operating system CCOS is placed on instrument truck, be the main logic unit of whole digital seismograph, hardware components is comprised of computer server Server, network switch Switch, client computer terminal PC, memory device Storage device, plotting equipment Plotting equipment and GPS; Software is comprised of operating system software and control operation software; GPS, except providing location coordinate information, returns instrument time service.
4. seismograph according to claim 1, is characterized in that described root node RU is comprised of high speed Switching Module SM, control module CM and power module PM; High speed Switching Module SM provide data exchanging function; Control module CM realizes the control to high speed Switching Module SM according to the instruction of center-control operating system CCOS; Power module PM provides power supply support for each module.
5. seismograph according to claim 1, is characterized in that described crossover node XU is comprised of high speed Switching Module SM, control module CM, power module PM and GPS module; Data exchange module SM is gigabit switch module, and gigabit optical cable interface connects respectively upper level crossover node XU and next stage crossover node XU; Control module CM has the acquisition link AS that 2 private communication interfaces connect respectively both sides.
6. seismograph according to claim 1, is characterized in that described power supply node PU is comprised of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module; Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects respectively upper level and next stage acquisition link AS.
7. seismograph according to claim 1, is characterized in that described collection line AL can be connected in series and form arbitrarily by power supply node PU and acquisition link AS, acquisition link AS and acquisition link AS; Power supply node PU on collection line AL provides power supply to supply with to the acquisition station AU on both sides, and the power supply capacity of power supply node PU has been determined the maximum acquisition station numbers between two power supply node PU.
8. according to seismograph described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 7, it is characterized in that described acquisition link AS is formed by connecting by cable by several acquisition stations AU, acquisition station AU gathers the signal of digital geophone, and is communicated with data and transmitted by private communication interface.
9. according to seismograph described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that described acquisition station AU is comprised of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module; Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects respectively upper level and next stage acquisition station AU, has a special purpose interface and connects conventional wave detector or MEMS sensor; Power supply adopts " ghost to " far confession of mode by power supply node PU by communication interface, power module PM the 72V of confession convert the required various voltages of acquisition station AU to.
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| PCT/CN2012/001476 WO2013063866A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | Specialized digital seismometer measuring microtremors in wells |
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| CN103147800B (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-10-22 | 北京市市政工程研究院 | Tunnel monitoring measurement early warning method represented by using tree ring |
| CN105676279B (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2017-12-08 | 长江地球物理探测（武汉）有限公司 | A kind of earthquake reflective data acquisition method using geophone offsets such as concentric circles |
| CN117890976A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-04-16 | 广西有色勘察设计研究院 | Method for detecting consistency of geological body around drilling hole by using ground receiving seismic waves |
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| 无缆存储式数字地震仪的现状及展望;郭建等;《地球物理学进展》;20091031;第24卷(第5期);1540-1549 * |
| 郭建等.无缆存储式数字地震仪的现状及展望.《地球物理学进展》.2009,第24卷(第5期),1540-1549. * |
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