CN102624298A - Motor - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN102624298A
CN102624298A CN2012100180005A CN201210018000A CN102624298A CN 102624298 A CN102624298 A CN 102624298A CN 2012100180005 A CN2012100180005 A CN 2012100180005A CN 201210018000 A CN201210018000 A CN 201210018000A CN 102624298 A CN102624298 A CN 102624298A
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China
Prior art keywords
signal
voltage
waveform
motor
step mode
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Granted
Application number
CN2012100180005A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102624298B (en
Inventor
加藤健一
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Nidec Techno Motor Corp
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Nidec Techno Motor Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/14—Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current
    • H02P2209/07—Trapezoidal waveform
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current
    • H02P2209/11—Sinusoidal waveform
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a motor (1), comprising an inverter circuit (20) and a control circuit (30), wherein the inverter circuit (20) provides the drive current to every phase of the coil; and the control circuit (30), according to the preset input signals, controls the inverter circuit (20) via the PWM mode and drives a rotor (3) with a preset rotating speed. The control circuit (30) comprises a waveform switching setting portion (34), a comparison portion (35), and an electrifying signal forming portion (39), wherein the waveform switching setting portion (34) outputs preset reference value; the comparison portion (35) compares the input signal to the reference value; and the electrifying signal forming portion (39), according to the comparing result signal from the comparison portion (35), switches to the first electrifying mode having a rectangular waveform for the applied voltage and the second electrifying mode having a trapezoid or sinusoid waveform for the applied voltage.

Description

Motor
Technical field
The present invention relates to that (pulse width modulation: pulse-width modulation) mode is controlled the motor to the energising of heterogeneous coil through PWM.Wherein, relate in particular to the technology of the conductive waveform of controlling the voltage that puts on each phase.
Background technology
As the control mode of motor, generally adopting conductive waveform is rectangular-shaped step mode (square wave energising), the step mode that conductive waveform is sinusoidal (sinusoidal wave energising).
Under situation, because it is low to be switched on or switched off the frequency of switch element, so the little advantage of switching loss is arranged for the square wave energising.But the utilance of induced voltage is low, is easy to generate vibration or noise.
On the other hand, under the situation that is sinusoidal wave energising, just can improve the utilance of induced voltage, reduce vibration or noise.But, since high-frequency be switched on or switched off switch element, so there is the big shortcoming of switching loss.
Therefore, also propose to have conductive waveform is made as trapezoidal step mode (trapezoidal wave energising) (for example, being disclosed in TOHKEMY 2006-6067 communique, TOHKEMY 2003-18878 communique).Trapezoidal wave is compared with square wave, and its waveform is similar to sine curve.Therefore, make its action, just can reduce the vibration or the noise of motor through motor being carried out the trapezoidal wave energising.In addition, the trapezoidal wave energising is compared with the sine wave energising, because its frequency that is switched on or switched off switch element is low, so can also reduce switching loss.
TOHKEMY 2003-18878 communique discloses the control method that makes energising width or optimizing phase variation according to the rotary speed of motor.TOHKEMY 2003-18878 communique discloses and uses Hall element to come the control method of the rotary speed of practical measurement motor.
As TOHKEMY 2006-6067 communique and TOHKEMY 2003-18878 communique are disclosed; Through motor being carried out the trapezoidal wave energising; With motor is carried out square wave energising and sinusoidal wave energising is compared, just can realize noise and the reduction of vibration and the reduction of switching loss in the motor more evenly.
Summary of the invention
The disclosed motor of the application comprises rotor, stator, inverter circuit and control circuit.Said rotor is that the center is rotated and comprises the magnet that constitutes a plurality of magnetic poles with the rotating shaft.Said stator is separated with relative with gap with said rotor and comprises a plurality of coils mutually of formation.Said inverter circuit supplies to drive current each phase of said coil.Said control circuit comprises that waveform switches configuration part, comparison portion and power on signal formation portion.Said control circuit is controlled said inverter circuit according to predetermined input signal through the PWM mode, drives said rotor with predetermined rotary speed.
Said waveform switches the configuration part in order to switch to the 1st step mode and the 2nd step mode, exports predefined predetermined reference value.In said the 1st step mode, the waveform that applies voltage during energising is a rectangle.In said the 2nd step mode, the waveform that applies voltage during energising is trapezoidal or sinusoidal.Said comparison portion compares said input signal and said fiducial value, the output compare result signal.Said the 1st step mode and said the 2nd step mode are switched according to the said compare result signal of exporting from said comparison portion in said power on signal formation portion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the preferred example of synoptic diagram that the structure of motor of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 2 is the preferred example of block diagram of structure that the motor of the 1st execution mode is shown.
Fig. 3 A is the oscillogram of square wave energising.
Fig. 3 B is the oscillogram of trapezoidal wave energising.
Fig. 4 A is the sequential chart of hall signal.
Fig. 4 B is the sequential chart of the power on signal under the square wave energising.
Fig. 4 C is the sequential chart of the power on signal under the trapezoidal wave energising.
Fig. 5 is a preferred example of the curve chart of the moyor corresponding with advancing the angle value.
Fig. 6 A is the sequential chart of hall signal.
Fig. 6 B is the sequential chart of the power on signal under the square wave energising.
Fig. 6 C is the sequential chart of the power on signal under the trapezoidal wave energising.
Fig. 6 D is the oscillogram that applies voltage under the trapezoidal wave energising.
Fig. 7 is the preferred example of block diagram of structure that the motor of the 2nd execution mode is shown.
Fig. 8 is the preferred example of block diagram of structure that the motor of the 3rd execution mode is shown.
Embodiment
Below, specify execution mode of the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing.But following explanation only is an example in itself, the invention is not restricted to its suitable thing or its purposes.
< the 1st execution mode >
Fig. 1 illustrates the preferred example of summary of the motor 1 of the 1st execution mode.Motor 1 for example is the brushless DC motor that is used for the blowing fan etc. of air-conditioning.Motor 1 comprises axle 2, rotor 3, stator 4, Hall element 5 (object lesson of position detection unit) and circuit substrate 6.
Rotor 3 can be supported on motor shell 7 freely rotatably via axle 2.Rotor 3 is along with axle 2 is that the center is rotated with rotating shaft J.It is the drum at center that rotor 3 is formed with rotating shaft J.Rotor 3 comprises the magnet 3a that constitutes a plurality of magnetic poles.About the magnetic pole of magnet 3a, the N utmost point and S utmost point alternate configurations are in being the Zhou Fangxiang at center with rotating shaft J.
Stator 4 is to be separated with relative with gap state configuration in motor shell 7 with rotor 3.Stator 4 comprises a plurality of coil 4a.A plurality of coil 4a for example are made up of U phase, V phase, a plurality of of W phase mutually.
Coil 4a is disposed at the Zhou Fangxiang of stator 4, carries out wiring according to the specification employing Y wiring or the Δ wiring of motor 1.According to predefined procedure drive current is supplied to the coil 4a of each phase from circuit substrate 6 through electric current supply wiring 8.Through the supply of drive current, the coil 4a of each phase quilt is excitation successively.Between by the coil 4a of excitation and magnet 3a, produce torque, rotor 3 rotates through the effect of this torque.
Hall element 5 be disposed at rotor 3 near.For example the arranged spaced with electrical angle 120 degree has 3 Hall elements 5.Hall element 5 detects the pole change of the rotation that is accompanied by rotor 3.Hall element 5 detected hall signals are sent to the circuit substrate 6 that is disposed in the motor shell 7.Circuit substrate 6 is electrically connected with outside device 9.Power supply supplies to circuit substrate 6 through the device 9 of outside.Circuit substrate 6 comprises inverter circuit 20 and control circuit 30.
In Fig. 2, a preferred example of the block diagram of motor 1 is shown, this block diagram shows the detailed structure of inverter circuit 20 and control circuit 30.
Inverter circuit 20 comprises 6 switch elements 22.Switch element 22 can be made up of transistor, in this execution mode, as a transistorized example, is for example realized by the MOS field-effect transistor.Switch element 22 comprises upstream side switch element 22a and downstream switch element 22b.Upstream side switch element 22a and downstream switch element 22b are connected in series and constitute an element group.And these element groups are parallel with 3.Between the upstream side switch element 22a of each element group and downstream switch element 22b, be electrically connected with electric current supply wiring 8 respectively.Particularly, the drain electrode of each upstream side switch element 22a is connected in the input terminal that drives with voltage Vm, and the source electrode of each upstream side switch element 22a is connected in downstream switch element 22b.Each upstream side switch element 22a and each downstream switch element 22b put on the voltage of grid through control, are switched to be switched on or switched off.One end of electric current supply wiring 8 is connected in the node of upstream side switch element 22a and downstream switch element 22b.The other end of electric current supply wiring 8 is connected in coil 4a.
Switch element 22 is switched to according to the power on signal from control circuit 30 outputs and is switched on or switched off.The voltage Vm that will drive usefulness from power supply puts on inverter circuit 20.And, in predetermined timing, some on-states that becomes of the some and downstream switch element 22b among the upstream side switch element 22a.Thus, on the coil 3a of each phase, apply driving voltage, supply with drive current.
On inverter current 20, be connected with shunt resistance 25.Shunt resistance 25 is connected in series in the downstream and the group of switching elements of group of switching elements.Particularly, shunt resistance 25 is connected with the source series of downstream switch element 22b.
Control circuit 30 can not use microcontroller, but IC is made up and constitutes.Sometimes more cheap through constitute control circuit 30 with IC than constituting control circuit 30 with microcontroller.The voltage vcc that to control usefulness from power supply is applied to most of zone (zone in the dotted line of Fig. 2) of control circuit 30.From the outside of motor 1 speed instruction voltage Vsp (object lesson of input signal) is input to control circuit 30.Control circuit 30 is controlled inverter circuit 20 according to speed instruction voltage Vsp through the PWM mode.Thus, drive rotor 3 with predetermined rotating speed based on speed instruction voltage Vsp.
In addition, speed instruction voltage Vsp does not represent the practical measurement value of rotary speed.For example, suppose the situation that motor 1 is used to drive the fan of air-conditioning.At this moment, when the user has carried out changing the operation of air quantity, just need to change the rotating speed of motor 1.Speed instruction voltage Vsp be with such operations linkage be input to the index signal of control circuit 30.
Control circuit 30 has following function: the waveform that applies voltage (being also referred to as conductive waveform) when changing energising, switch step mode.Particularly, control circuit 30 can switch to the square wave step mode that conductive waveform is a rectangle (the 1st step mode) and conductive waveform is trapezoidal trapezoidal wave step mode (the 2nd step mode).
Fig. 3 A is the oscillogram of the conductive waveform of square wave energising.Fig. 3 B is the oscillogram of the conductive waveform of trapezoidal wave energising.
In square wave energising, for example, have during switching on " the 180 degree energising " of the electrical angle that has 180 degree during " the 150 degree energising " that have the electrical angle of 150 degree during " 120 degree energising ", the energising of the electrical angle of 120 degree, the energising etc.Waveform in the trapezoidal wave energising is that the conductive waveform with these square waves energisings serves as that the basis generates.
According to the purposes and the specification of the equipment that uses motor, even there is the zone (being also referred to as the noise admissible region) that produces noise or vibrate the rotating speed that also can allow.Therefore, control circuit 30 helps reducing the trapezoidal wave energising of noise etc. to motor 1 in common rotary speed area, in the noise admissible region, motor 1 is helped reducing the square wave energising of switching loss.For example, control circuit 30 carries out the trapezoidal wave energising in the zone of predetermined low-speed rotation to motor 1, in the zone of predetermined high speed rotating motor 1 is carried out the square wave energising.In addition, control circuit 30 also can carry out the square wave energising to motor 1 in the zone of predetermined low-speed rotation, in the zone of predetermined high speed rotating motor 1 is carried out the trapezoidal wave energising.
That is, motor 1 is through control circuit 30, switches to optimal step mode according to the rotating speed of rotor 3.Through the structure of energising of such switching square wave and trapezoidal wave energising, and carry out square wave energising and the trapezoidal wave some contrast in switching on all the time, just can be reduced in the noise that produces in the motor etc. and switching loss more evenly.
Control circuit 30 comprises that PWM control part 32, position of rotation calculating part 33, waveform switch configuration part 34, comparison portion 35, phasing portion 36, input voltage regulation portion 37, timing control part 38, power on signal formation portion 39, go up brachium pontis drive circuit 40 and following brachium pontis drive circuit 41.
PWM control part 32 has following function: generate the pwm signal based on the rotating speed of desired rotor 3.Particularly, the triangular wave and the speed instruction voltage Vsp that in comparator 44, relatively export from triangular wave oscillating circuit 43.PWM control part 32 generates pwm signal according to the comparative result of comparator 44.PWM control part 32 outputs to timing control part 38 with the pwm signal that generates.
Position of rotation calculating part 33 has following function: come the position of rotation of practical measurement rotor 3 with Hall element 5 co-operatings.Particularly, will be input to position of rotation calculating part 33 from the hall signal of Hall element 5 outputs.Position of rotation calculating part 33 calculates the position of rotation of rotor 3 according to hall signal.The information of the position of rotation of the rotor that calculates 3 is outputed to timing control part 38 as rotating position signal.
Waveform switches configuration part 34 and has following function: output is used for the fiducial value of the switching of step mode.Particularly, waveform switches the information that stores the fiducial value of importing in advance in the configuration part 34.The information of the fiducial value of being stored outputs to comparison portion 35.In the 1st execution mode, scheduled voltage that will be corresponding with speed instruction voltage Vsp is as fiducial value.
Comparison portion 35 has following function: speed instruction voltage Vsp and fiducial value are compared, export the signal (compare result signal) relevant with its comparative result.For example, if speed instruction voltage Vsp more than fiducial value, then comparator 35 output is used to select the 1st signal of square wave energising.In addition, if speed instruction voltage Vsp less than fiducial value, then comparator 35 output is used to select the 2nd signal of trapezoidal wave energising.The compare result signal of the 1st signal etc. outputs to phasing portion 36 and power on signal formation portion 39.
When the rotary speed of rotor 3 changed, the phase place of conductive waveform can produce deviation.In addition, even switch step mode just when rotated, also can on the phase place of conductive waveform, produce deviation at rotor 3.This be because, in square wave energising and the energising of platform shape ripple, the shape of conductive waveform with switch on during different.
Fig. 4 A is the sequential chart that hall signal is shown.Fig. 4 B is the sequential chart of the power on signal when the rectangle energising is shown.Fig. 4 C is the sequential chart of the power on signal when the trapezoidal wave energising is shown.In addition, the part of the rising of trapezoidal wave energising and decline is owing to forming the inclination ripple, so control modulating pulse width through PWM.Power on signal shown in Fig. 4 C is modulated with 4 grades pulse, and number of modulation levels is not limited to " 4 ", for example, even adopt 8 grades of grades also can modulate.
The rising edge of the conductive waveform in the rising edge of the conductive waveform in the trapezoidal wave energising and the square wave energising is compared, and its phase place is (entering the angle) in advance.Therefore, for example, when switching to the square wave energising from trapezoidal wave energising, if use the phase place of trapezoidal wave energising same as before, then shown in two chain-dotted lines of Fig. 4 B, this advances the amount at angle in advance in the square wave energising.
Shown in Fig. 4 B, it then is 150 ° that the energising width of square wave energising is scaled electrical angle.On the other hand, shown in Fig. 4 C, it then is 150 ° that the energising width of the rectangle part of trapezoidal wave energising is scaled electrical angle.Energising width in the trapezoidal wave energising be with electrical angle be 150 ° rectangle part and the electrical angle that pulse width modulation has been carried out in the front and back of rectangle part be after 7.5 ° modulating part overlaps, electrical angle is 165 ° energising width.Thus, the rising edge of the conductive waveform in the trapezoidal wave energising is different with the position of the rising edge of conductive waveform during square wave is switched on.In this state, when switching square wave energising and trapezoidal wave energising, the phase place of conductive waveform produces deviation.Because the phase place of conductive waveform produces deviation, therefore, the rotating speed of rotor 3 sharply rises or descends, and produces noise and vibration.
In addition, as shown in Figure 5, under the situation of invariablenes turning speed, the result who shows the moyor corresponding with advancing the angle value is, only advance the angle value the square wave energising be different during trapezoidal wave is switched on.In addition, curve chart shown in Figure 5 is an example, and the characteristic of square wave energising sometimes and trapezoidal wave energising can change according to the specification or the load of motor.Thus; Though in the square wave energising is that electrical angle is 150 ° an energising width; But; Preferably in trapezoidal wave energising, be that to be provided with electrical angle before and after 135 ° the square wave energising be 15 ° pulse width modulation portion etc. at electrical angle, proofread and correct according to the specification of motor and be only electrical angle (proofreading and correct the phase place of conductive waveform).
Phasing portion 36 has following function: with 37 co-operatings of input voltage regulation portion, proofread and correct the deviation of the phase place of conductive waveform.The input voltage regulation portion 37 storages velocity correction information corresponding with speed instruction voltage Vsp.Velocity correction information be speed instruction voltage Vsp, promptly with the relevant information of correcting value of the corresponding suitable phase place of rotary speed.Phasing action as concrete at first, is input to input voltage regulation portion 37 with speed instruction voltage Vsp.Input voltage regulation portion 37 outputs to phasing portion 36 for the speed instruction voltage Vsp with input outputs to phasing portion 36 and it is adjusted to only voltage as advancing the angle setting voltage.
Compare result signal is input to phasing portion 36 from comparison portion 35.Phasing portion 36 judges that with reference to compare result signal the square wave energising still is the trapezoidal wave energising.Velocity correction information and waveform correction information in phasing portion 36, have been preestablished.Velocity correction information be speed instruction voltage Vsp, promptly with the relevant information of correcting value of the pairing suitable phase place of rotary speed.Waveform correction information is the relevant information of correcting value with the pairing suitable phase place of conductive waveform.Phasing portion 36 generates the control information relevant with the correction of comprehensive phase place according to waveform correction information and velocity correction information.Outputed to timing control part 38 with the relevant correction signal of control information that in phasing portion 36, generates.
Timing control part 38 has following function: according to the timing of controlling energising from the pwm signal of PWM control part 32 outputs and from the rotating position signal of position of rotation calculating part 33 outputs.Timing control part 38 generates and the relevant timing information of timing that begins mutually in each of coil groups to switch on according to pwm signal and rotating position signal.
And timing control part 38 has following function: according to the correction signal from 36 outputs of phasing portion, proofread and correct the timing information that is generated.Therefore, even have the change in rotational speed of rotor 3 or the switching of step mode, also can conductive waveform be corrected to suitable phase place.Like this, the motor performance that just can play stably.Timing information after the correction outputs to power on signal formation portion 39 as timing signal.
Compare result signal is input to power on signal formation portion 39 from comparison portion 35.Power on signal formation portion 39 generates power on signal according to compare result signal and timing signal.Power on signal formation portion 39 generates the power on signal of the some step modes in square wave energising and the trapezoidal wave energising according to compare result signal.Therefore, when different compare result signals was input to power on signal formation portion 39, step mode switched.Power on signal formation portion 39 outputs to brachium pontis drive circuit 40 and following brachium pontis drive circuit 41 with the power on signal that generates.
Last brachium pontis drive circuit 40 and following brachium pontis drive circuit 41 come control switch element 22 according to power on signal respectively.Particularly, last brachium pontis drive circuit 40 is switched on or switched off with the synchronous timing of power on signal predetermined upstream side switch element 22a being made as.Following brachium pontis drive circuit 41 is switched on or switched off with the synchronous timing of power on signal predetermined downstream switch element 22b being made as.
Fig. 6 A is the sequential chart that hall signal is shown.Fig. 6 B is the sequential chart that illustrates to the power on signal in the square wave energising of the hall signal of Fig. 6 A.Fig. 6 C is the sequential chart to the power on signal in the trapezoidal wave energising of the hall signal of figure A.Fig. 6 D is each oscillogram that applies voltage that goes up mutually that illustrates with the corresponding coil groups of Fig. 6 C.In addition, the dash area of Fig. 6 C illustrates the part (with reference to figure 4C) that pulse-width is modulated.UH, VH, WH among Fig. 6 B and Fig. 6 C is the power on signal that is input to the upstream side switch element 22a of 3 arcs respectively.UL, VL, WL among Fig. 6 B and Fig. 6 C is the power on signal that is input to 3 downstream switch element 22b respectively.Sequential chart shown in Fig. 6 A～Fig. 6 C is an example of preferred power on signal.Oscillogram shown in Fig. 6 D is a preferred example that applies voltage of coil groups.
Motor 1 can switch step mode according to rotating speed in rotation.Therefore, just can realize the reduction of noise and vibration and the reduction of switching loss more evenly.Because the switching of step mode is carried out according to speed instruction voltage Vsp, so do not need high-precision calculation process.Therefore, can simplified control circuit 30, make it comparatively cheap.
In addition, when in rotation, switching step mode,, can prevent noise and vibration that the deviation because of phase place causes through proofreading and correct the phase place of power on signal.In addition, when having switched step mode, proofread and correct to the different only angle values of advancing, improved moyor according to step mode.
For example, motor 1 is suitable for following the little equipment of cogging of rotation speed change.
< the 2nd execution mode >
At the example that in input signal, has used speed instruction voltage Vsp shown in the 1st execution mode.The 2nd execution mode illustrates a preferred example that shunting voltage VRs is used for input signal.In addition, the basic structure of the 2nd execution mode is identical with the 1st execution mode.Therefore, in the structure of identical function, use same-sign and omit its explanation.
A preferred example of block diagram has been shown in Fig. 7, and this block diagram shows the details of the motor 1A of the 2nd execution mode.As shown in Figure 7, the control circuit 30 of motor 1A comprises shunting voltage generation portion 51.The electric current that shunting voltage generation portion 51 bases flow through in shunt resistance 25 detects the voltage that puts on shunt resistance 25.
The change interlock ground change of the torque of the drive current of motor 1A and rotor 3.The change interlock ground change of flowing through the electric current of shunt resistance 25 and putting on voltage and this drive current of shunt resistance 25.But the voltage that puts on shunt resistance 25 changes all the time.
Shunting voltage generation portion 51 generates certain shunting voltage VRs according to the peak value of the scheduled period of the voltage that puts on shunt resistance 25.Also can amplify shunting voltage VRs as required.Shunting voltage VRs is applied in the input terminal (in Fig. 7, representing with arrow A) of comparison portion 35.
It is different with the 1st execution mode that the waveform of the 2nd execution mode switches configuration part 34, and shunting voltage VRs uses.Particularly, waveform switches the information that stores the scheduled voltage corresponding with shunting voltage VRs in the configuration part 34 in advance.
The comparison portion 35 of the 2nd execution mode is different with the 1st execution mode, and shunting voltage VRs uses.Particularly, will shunt voltage VRs and be input to comparison portion 35 as input voltage, 35 pairs of shuntings voltage VRs of comparison portion and fiducial value compare, and export its compare result signal.
Motor 1A for example is suitable for the bigger equipment of cogging.That is, the terminal electric current of shunt resistance 25 changes according to the torque of rotor 3.The terminal electric current of shunt resistance 25 detects in shunting voltage generation portion 51, generates shunting voltage VRs.35 pairs of shuntings voltage VRs of comparison portion and fiducial value compare, and comparative result is sent to power on signal formation portion 39.Step mode is selected according to the comparative result that sends from comparison portion 35 by power on signal formation portion 39, will output to inverter circuit 20 based on the power on signal of the step mode of selecting.Through such structure, can switch step mode in appropriate timing according to the change of torque.
< the 3rd execution mode >
In the 3rd execution mode, illustrate preferably speed instruction voltage Vsp and shunting voltage VRs this two are used for an example of input signal.In addition, the basic structure of the 3rd execution mode is identical with the 1st execution mode etc.Therefore, on the structure of identical function, use same-sign and omit its explanation.
At a preferred example of block diagram shown in Fig. 8, this block diagram shows the details of the motor 1B of the 3rd execution mode.As shown in Figure 8, the control circuit 30 of motor 1B comprises shunting voltage generation portion 51.And then waveform switches configuration part 34, comparison portion 35 comprises that respectively shunting voltage is used and speed instruction voltage is used these two functions.
Particularly, the waveform of motor 1B switches the 1st waveform that configuration part 34 comprises that shunting voltage is used and switches the 2nd waveform switching configuration part 34b that configuration part 34a and speed instruction voltage are used.It is identical with the structure that the waveform of the 2nd execution mode switches configuration part 34 that the 1st waveform switches configuration part 34a.It is identical with the structure that the waveform of the 1st execution mode switches configuration part 34 that the 2nd waveform switches configuration part 34b.
In addition, the comparison portion 35 of motor 1B comprises the 2nd 35b of comparison portion that shunting the 1st 35a of comparison portion that uses of voltage and speed instruction voltage are used.The 1st 35a of comparison portion is identical with the structure of the comparison portion 35 of the 2nd execution mode.The 2nd 35b of comparison portion is identical with the structure of the comparison portion 35 of the 1st execution mode.
The compare result signal that the 1st 35a of comparison portion and the 2nd 35b of comparison portion obtain separately is imported in the AND circuit 61.In AND circuit 61, select step mode according to this compare result signal.For example, exporting under the situation of the 1st signal AND circuit 61 outputs the 1st signal from the 1st 35a of comparison portion and the 2nd 35b of comparison portion this two.And, in other cases, AND circuit 61 outputs the 2nd signal.
39 inputs of power on signal formation portion are switched the 1st step mode and the 2nd step mode from the signal of AND circuit 61.That is, switch step mode according to compare result signal from the 1st 35a of comparison portion and the 2nd this two input of the 35b of comparison portion.
Motor 1B makes the drive current change according to the change of the rotary speed of rotor 3, in addition, is suitable for the equipment that drive current changes according to the change of the torque of rotor 3.For example, even increase along with the rising of the torque of rotor 3 at drive current, rotary speed is also lower, can note under the situation such as noise, if switch to the square wave energising from the trapezoidal wave energising, just can reduce switching loss.
In addition, motor of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned execution mode, also comprises various structures in addition.
For example, the waveform that applies voltage in the 2nd step mode is not limited to trapezoidal, also can be sinusoidal.Position detection unit is not limited to Hall element, also can be Hall IC or resolver etc.
Motor 1 can switch to the 2nd step mode of the 1st step mode, trapezoidal wave energising or the sinusoidal wave energising of square wave energising in the rotation of rotor 3.That is, motor 1 can switch to only step mode according to the various input signals from the order of outside or the state of expression motor etc.Therefore, compare, can realize more evenly vibrating, the reduction of noise and switching loss with the situation of carrying out the energising of square wave energising or trapezoidal wave all the time.
And the switching of step mode is not according to the practical measurement value, but carries out according to the comparative result of predetermined input signal and predefined predetermined reference value, so do not need high-precision calculation process.Therefore, just the ability simplified control circuit makes it comparatively cheap.
In addition, the rapid variation of rotating speed be can prevent, noise and vibration suppressed.In addition, to motor characteristics, carry out the high action of efficient.
In addition, as predetermined input signal,, switching step mode with the corresponding appropriate timing of the change of rotary speed through using from the speed instruction voltage of outside input.
And,,, can switch step mode in appropriate timing according to the change of torque through using the shunting voltage that obtains from shunt resistance as predetermined input signal.
Moreover, as predetermined input signal,, just can switch step mode in appropriate timing according to rotary speed and torque both sides' change through operating speed command voltage and shunting voltage.

Claims (5)

1. motor, this motor comprises rotor, stator, inverter circuit and control circuit,
Said rotor is that the center is rotated and comprises the magnet that constitutes a plurality of magnetic poles with the rotating shaft,
Said stator is separated with relative with gap with said rotor and comprises a plurality of coils mutually of formation,
Said inverter circuit supplies to each phase of said coil with drive current,
Said control circuit comprises that waveform switches configuration part, comparison portion and power on signal formation portion,
Said control circuit is controlled said inverter circuit according to predetermined input signal through pulse width modulation, drives said rotor with predetermined rotary speed,
Said waveform switches the configuration part in order to switch to the 1st step mode and the 2nd step mode, and predefined predetermined reference value is outputed to said comparison portion,
In said the 1st step mode, the waveform that applies voltage during energising is rectangular-shaped,
In said the 2nd step mode, the waveform that applies voltage during energising is trapezoidal shape or sinusoidal,
Said comparison portion compares said input signal and said fiducial value, the output compare result signal,
Said the 1st step mode and said the 2nd step mode are switched according to the said compare result signal of exporting from said comparison portion in said power on signal formation portion.
2. motor according to claim 1, wherein,
This motor comprises the position detection unit of the pole change that detects the rotation that is accompanied by said rotor,
Said control circuit comprises position of rotation calculating part, timing control part and phasing portion,
Said position of rotation calculating part calculates the position of rotation of said rotor according to the signal from said position detection unit input, and the signal of the information that calculates is outputed to said timing control part,
The signal that said timing control part basis is imported from said position of rotation calculating part is controlled the timing of energising,
Said phasing portion comes phase calibration according to said input signal and said compare result signal deviation.
3. motor according to claim 1 and 2, wherein,
Said input signal is the speed instruction voltage from the outside input.
4. motor according to claim 1 and 2, wherein,
On said inverter circuit, be connected with shunt resistance,
Said control circuit has shunting voltage generation portion,
The electric current that puts on said shunt resistance detects in said shunting voltage generation portion, generates predetermined shunting voltage,
Said input signal is said shunting voltage.
5. motor according to claim 4, wherein,
Said input signal is a said shunting voltage and from the speed instruction voltage of outside input,
Said waveform switches the configuration part and comprises that the 1st waveform switches the configuration part and the 2nd waveform switches the configuration part, and the 1st waveform switches the information that the configuration part is stored the scheduled voltage corresponding with said shunting voltage in advance, and the 2nd waveform switches the information of configuration part Memory Reference value,
Said comparison portion comprises the 1st comparison portion and the 2nd comparison portion, and the 1st comparison portion compares said shunting voltage and said scheduled voltage, and the 2nd comparison portion compares said speed instruction voltage and said fiducial value,
Said the 1st step mode and said the 2nd step mode are switched according to the compare result signal of exporting from said the 1st comparison portion and said the 2nd both sides of comparison portion in said power on signal formation portion.
CN201210018000.5A 2011-01-25 2012-01-19 Motor Expired - Fee Related CN102624298B (en)

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