CN102624218A - DC transformer - Google Patents
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- CN102624218A CN102624218A CN2012101039438A CN201210103943A CN102624218A CN 102624218 A CN102624218 A CN 102624218A CN 2012101039438 A CN2012101039438 A CN 2012101039438A CN 201210103943 A CN201210103943 A CN 201210103943A CN 102624218 A CN102624218 A CN 102624218A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a DC (Direct Current) transformer and belongs to the field of power transmission and transformation. The DC transformer is characterized by consisting of electron emission equipment, an acceleration voltage circuit and transformation equipment which are arranged in a vacuum shell, wherein the electron emission equipment is used for emitting electrons and converging the electrons into an electron beam; after being accelerated by the acceleration voltage circuit, the electron beam enters the transformation equipment; the transformation equipment consists of two parallel metal sheets, a permanent magnet and a wire; the normal direction of the two parallel metal sheets is in the vertical direction; the lower metal sheet is grounded; a uniform magnetic field between the two parallel metal sheet is provided by the permanent magnet; the electrons are stressed to be deflected in the transformation equipment, so that the upper metal sheet is electronegative; output voltage of the transformer is formed between the two metal sheets; and the output voltage is connected to an electric equipment circuit by a wire. According to the DC transformer disclosed by the invention, the voltage of the direct current can be changed, the application field of the direct current is enlarged and the advantages of the direct current are given into fully play.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of commutator transformer, belong to electric power power transmission and transformation field.
Background technology
The principle of existing high voltage direct current transmission: power supply is the alternating current generator in the power plant;, transformer is connected to rectifier after raising voltage; By rectifier high-voltage alternating is become HVDC; The process DC power transmission line is transported to be held, and again direct current is become interchange through inverter again, and step-down supplies the user to use.The transformer efficiency here is very up to more than 95%, but rectifier and inverter adopt diode rectification and inductance capacitor element, and meritorious consumption and reactive power consumption are all very big, and this also is the reason that direct current transportation can not be promoted.And each rectification all will make waveform with inversion, frequency, and phase places etc. possibly change, and will produce a lot of high order harmonic components, so just need reactive power compensation and filter again, make structure become more complicacy and expensive, very instability.So this direct current transformation is unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, provide a kind of structure comparatively simple, stable, the commutator transformer that is easy to promote.
The following technical scheme of the concrete employing of the present invention:
A kind of commutator transformer is characterized in that being made up of the electron-emitting device, accelerating voltage circuit and the potential device that are arranged in the vaccum case, wherein:
Electron-emitting device is made up of electron gun and electron focusing system, is used for emitting electrons and is focused into electron beam;
The accelerating voltage circuit is made up of the power supply that accelerating voltage is provided, two parallel metallic plates and lead; Two parallel metallic plate normal directions are horizontal direction, and the power supply two-stage is connected to two parallel metallic plates through lead respectively, form accelerating voltage between two metallic plates; Metallic plate central authorities have aperture; Electron beam passes from aperture, is accelerated voltage and quickens back entering potential device, and accelerating voltage is the primary voltage of transformer;
Potential device is made up of two parallel metallic plates, permanent magnet and leads; Two parallel metallic plate normal directions are vertical direction, following metallic plate ground connection, and permanent magnet provides two uniform magnetic fields between the parallel metal sheet; Electronics is stressed deflection in potential device; Make top metal plate and belt negative electricity, form the output voltage of transformer between two metallic plates, this output voltage is connected to the power consumption equipment circuit through lead.
The beneficial effect of commutator transformer of the present invention: the useful part of commutator transformer is to change galvanic voltage, and traditional idea is to have only alternating current ability transformation, and direct current can not transformation.Commutator transformer can let galvanic application enlarge, and gives full play to galvanic advantage.When direct current also can rise to very high voltage, direct current just can long-range conveying, and it is economical, safe, reliable, energy-conservation that transmission line becomes.In low-pressure field, also can partly replace the function of electronic component, circuit is oversimplified.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a commutator transformer principle schematic of the present invention.
Embodiment
One, principle
The main effect of commutator transformer of the present invention is to change galvanic voltage, is made up of electron-emitting device, accelerating voltage circuit, potential device and vaccum case.
As shown in Figure 1, electronics sends and is focused into electron beam from transmitter, through accelerating voltage U
0Quicken (accelerating voltage U
0Also be the primary voltage of this transformer), acquisition speed is the initial velocity of v, and gets into potential device.Potential device is by two parallel metallic plates, and the permanent magnet composition that uniform magnetic field B is provided, and electronics receives Lorentz force F upwards in potential device
B, upwards deflect, make top metal plate and belt negative electricity, so just forming voltage U (this voltage U is exactly the output voltage after the transformer transformation) between two metallic plates.Following metallic plate ground connection can be kept the balance of system electronic, otherwise can't continuous service.Potential device is the major part of commutator transformer, a bit the picture Hall effect.This output voltage is connected to the power consumption equipment circuit through lead.Rightmost is power consumption equipment and circuit thereof, and the circuit for having simplified shown in the figure can be miniature circuit in the reality, also can be the large scale circuit that is used to transmit electricity.Electron-emitting device, accelerating voltage circuit and potential device all are arranged in the vaccum case, can guarantee the life-span of electronic motion track and equipment.
1, electron-emitting device: this equipment is made up of electron gun and electron focusing system (one group of electromagnetic lens).Existing electron gun divides two types, instant heating electron emission type electron gun and field emission type electron gun.The advantage of thermionic emission type electron gun is simple in structure, low price, and the working vacuum degree requires low (0.001Pa).Shortcoming is life-span low (best 500h), and cathode temperature is high, and the electrons emitted energy disperses; Field emission type electron gun advantage is life-span high (best 1000h), and cathode temperature is low, the electrons emitted concentration of energy.Shortcoming is a complex structure, and price is higher relatively, and the working vacuum degree requires high (0.000001-0.0000001Pa).What for commutator transformer, be more suitable for is the field emission type electron gun.The electron focusing system is made up of one group of electromagnetic lens, effect be with electron gun emission certain angle of divergence arranged focus the electrons into the straight line electron bundle so that electronics is quickened.Electron gun and electron focusing system have been mature technique very, have obtained application in some fields, so when making commutator transformer, can utilize.
2, accelerating voltage circuit: the accelerating voltage circuit is by accelerating voltage U is provided
0Power supply, two parallel metallic plates and lead form, two parallel metallic plate normal directions are horizontal direction, the power supply two-stage is connected to two parallel metallic plates through lead respectively, makes and forms accelerating voltage U between the metallic plate
0, metallic plate central authorities have aperture, pass from aperture from electron-emitting device electrons emitted bundle, are accelerated to get into potential device after voltage accelerates to speed v.Make the material of metallic plate and can select copper or aluminium for use, this technology also is a mature technology.
3, potential device: potential device is the key component of commutator transformer, and it is made up of two parallel metallic plates, permanent magnet and leads.Parallel metallic plate can be selected copper or aluminium for use, and copper fusing point height is more suitable.Two parallel metal sheet normal directions are vertical direction.Permanent magnet provides uniform magnetic field, and its magnetic flux density is B, and the direction of B vertical paper as shown in Figure 1 is outside.Energy loss was as far as possible little when this equipment requirements was got on the metallic plate when electronics, and this is relevant with the angle of metallic plate, the material of metallic plate etc. with the electron impact direction, should confirm concrete parameter through experiment.
4, power consumption equipment circuit: it does not belong to commutator transformer itself, so long as can use galvanic electrical equipment to get final product.Output voltage after the potential device transformation is connected to the power consumption equipment circuit through lead.The output voltage U that can the power consumption equipment voltage be regarded as commutator transformer.
5, vaccum case: can be designed to build containers such as cuboid, only require that the intensity of enough assurance internal vacuums and air-tightness get final product, be the equipment that is prone to realization.
Fundamental formular of using and physical parameter:
Wherein, magnetic flux density is B, and the quantity of electric charge of electronics is q, and the electric field strength in the potential device between two metallic plates is E, and the quality of electronics is m, the size of two metallic plates in the potential device: the wide b of long L, whole area are S=Lb.
[1] at Lorentz force F
BWith electric field force F
EBqv=Eq=Uq/d, then U=Bdv are arranged during balance.
[2] again because mv
2/ 2=qU
0: v
2=2qU
0/ m, electron charge-mass ratio is 1.759*10
11
[3] when high voltage power transmission, 500kV has been arranged, 1000kV high pressure, transmitted power have reached the m. gigawatt (GW) kMW order of magnitude; The magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet that hard magnetic material is processed: carbon steel 1T, wolfram steel 1.05T, No. five 1.27T of aluminium nickel cobalt.
[4] capacity of parallel plate capacitor C=ε
0S/d (S=Lb in the formula), then U=Q/C=Qd/ ε
0(Q is the electroplax carried charge to S, ε
0Be permittivity of vacuum).
[5] vacuum relative dielectric constant ε
0, air relative dielectric constant ε r is respectively 1,1.00059; Breakdown field strength is respectively ∞, 3000000V/m.
Two, to design one with U
0The commutator transformer that=100V voltage changes to U=500kV is an example:
By v
2=2qU
0/ m, and bring data into and get: v=5.931*106m/s.
Again by U=Bdv, and bring data into and get: Bd=0.084299T*m, if adopt the permanent magnet (10000Gs=1T) of uniform magnetic field magnetic induction density B=5000Gs, then d=0.1686m=16.86cm.
The parameter that to sum up can get this transformer is: primary voltage U
0=100V, voltage U=500kV after the transformation, uniform magnetic field magnetic induction density B=5000Gs=0.5T, between metallic plate apart from d=0.1686m=16.86cm.This is the parameter of one group of tentative calculation, without experimental verification, should confirm with reality as requested when specifically doing.
Three, discuss
It is in air, to move that formula U=Bdv has ignored electronics, does not promptly consider influence such as the resistance consumption of air to electron trajectory, and the influence of gravity.The present invention partly keeps transformation in a vacuum, not only eliminated resistance but also do not have overtension (surpassing 3000000V/m) by and the danger of wearing.
Power problem, if carry the direct current of 500kV, 0.5kMW (this power is very common not very very high), then electric current is 1000A; And have only 10V at input terminal voltage, and electric current will be up to 50000kA, and this is a current value that ten minutes is big! The kMW level power of but carrying now possibly be that the power of a lot of power plant is incorporated into together, can adopt a plurality of commutator transformer series connection to use the method for forming transformer group, reduces power and electric current on the single transformer.
The life problems of electron-emitting device; 1000 to 2000 hours life-spans of existing electron gun; Be mainly used in electron microscope, X-ray diffraction etc., these equipment do not need continuous firing, so words in good condition need not often be changed; But the commutator transformer that is used for continuous firing, this life-span seems too short.And the CNT in the inorganic non-metallic field can be made the filament material of emitting electrons, and emitting electrons voltage is low and the life-span is long, if technical conditions allow and can adopt.
Efficiency, electronics are got to after quickening and are had energy consumption on the metallic plate certainly, and the size of this consumption will be passed through experiment and could be confirmed, if consume excessively, will make the efficient reduction of commutator transformer integral body, possibly lose use value.An energy part that consumes in addition changes into heat energy, so add cooling device should for the metallic plate of accepting electronics.And another part energy can be with the radiation of ray form, if accelerating voltage U
0Surpass 100V, will produce X ray, should add protecting crust in the protection, can adopt stereotype shell or lead glass shell at shell.Should confirm the angle of suitable metallic sheet material and adjustment electron impact direction and metallic plate through experiment.
The micro-variations that electronics and metallic plate are done the time spent is very complicated, produces ray, reflection electronic, secondary electron etc., and these microcosmic effects may influence the performance of commutator transformer, should improve through experiment is concrete.Select suitable metal material as metallic sheet material, even should consider the influence of the crystal structure and the crystal orientation of metal material, improve the efficient of commutator transformer to greatest extent.Be exactly not only danger but also consume energy and to note avoiding of high-voltage arc in addition, such as not designing cutting-edge structure.
The advantage of direct current transportation: (and the transmission line of alternation current must synchronous homophase not exist needs to keep synchronous problem between the generator of the AC system through DC power transmission line contact; Otherwise a lot of clutters and consumption are arranged; Can't be connected to the grid), so the DC transmission system that constitutes in such a way is very favourable to the stable problem that solves remote large capacity transmission and large-scale power system etc.; Through derive adopting the DC transmission system of two power transmission lines, can carry the power that equates with the AC transmission system that adopts three power transmission lines, thereby being similar to, the cost of circuit is reduced to 2/3 of ac transmission; Therefore and make under the identical condition of transmission power 2/3 when power loss also can be reduced to ac transmission when adopting direct current transportation (save 1/3 be a no small energy).
Except in the application aspect the direct current transportation, also can use commutator transformer on other mini-plants, such as electrotechnical, electronic industry, Experiments of Electricity, raising fuel cell voltage etc.Wherein improve fuel battery voltage, I feel very valuable, with fuel cell, commutator transformer and motor unit altogether, can process novel power-equipment, replace traditional internal combustion engine (efficient low, have pollution) that power is provided, really of great use.
Claims (2)
1. a commutator transformer is characterized in that being made up of the electron-emitting device, accelerating voltage circuit and the potential device that are arranged in the vaccum case, wherein:
Electron-emitting device is made up of electron gun and electron focusing system, is used for emitting electrons and is focused into electron beam;
The accelerating voltage circuit is made up of the power supply that accelerating voltage is provided, two parallel metallic plates and lead; Two parallel metallic plate normal directions are horizontal direction, and the power supply two-stage is connected to two parallel metallic plates through lead respectively, form accelerating voltage between two metallic plates; Metallic plate central authorities have aperture; Electron beam passes from aperture, is accelerated voltage and quickens back entering potential device, and accelerating voltage is the primary voltage of transformer;
Potential device is made up of two parallel metallic plates, permanent magnet and leads; Two parallel metallic plate normal directions are vertical direction, following metallic plate ground connection, and permanent magnet provides two uniform magnetic fields between the parallel metal sheet; Electronics is stressed deflection in potential device; Make top metal plate and belt negative electricity, form the output voltage of transformer between two metallic plates, this output voltage is connected to the power consumption equipment circuit through lead.
2. commutator transformer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said electron gun adopts the field emission type electron gun.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101039438A CN102624218A (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2012-04-11 | DC transformer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101039438A CN102624218A (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2012-04-11 | DC transformer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110675988A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-10 | 张伟星 | Vacuum superconducting system and power transmission method |
Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6410929B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2002-06-25 | Ebara Corporation | Electron beam irradiation apparatus |
| CN101350582A (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-01-21 | 黄振强 | Nuclear force constrain inertial guidance cold nucleus fusion stack and ion speed-governing dc transformer |
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2012
- 2012-04-11 CN CN2012101039438A patent/CN102624218A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6410929B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2002-06-25 | Ebara Corporation | Electron beam irradiation apparatus |
| CN101350582A (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-01-21 | 黄振强 | Nuclear force constrain inertial guidance cold nucleus fusion stack and ion speed-governing dc transformer |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| 佚名: "电子束的电偏转和磁偏转研究 http://wk.baidu.com/view/a4", 《电子束的电偏转和磁偏转研究》 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110675988A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-10 | 张伟星 | Vacuum superconducting system and power transmission method |
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Application publication date: 20120801 |