CN102624045A - Medium-voltage emergency power supply for guaranteeing charge by means of boosting and rectifying - Google Patents
Medium-voltage emergency power supply for guaranteeing charge by means of boosting and rectifying Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102624045A CN102624045A CN2012100417449A CN201210041744A CN102624045A CN 102624045 A CN102624045 A CN 102624045A CN 2012100417449 A CN2012100417449 A CN 2012100417449A CN 201210041744 A CN201210041744 A CN 201210041744A CN 102624045 A CN102624045 A CN 102624045A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- power supply
- charger
- switch
- boosting
- rectifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention provides a medium-voltage emergency power supply for guaranteeing charge by means of boosting and rectifying, which comprises an industrial transmission, a guaranteed charger, a main charge switch, a discharge control switch and a series-connected storage battery pack. When a medium-voltage alternating-current power supply bus is normal, the discharge control switch is switched off, a system charges the storage battery pack, charge energy comes from intermediate direct current of the industrial transmission, and the charge energy comes from the guaranteed charger when the voltage of the storage battery pack is increased to be close to a rated value. When the emergency power supply discharges, the discharge control switch is switched on. When a rectification link of the industrial transmission has faults such as disconnection or the medium-voltage alternating-current power supply bus fails, the guaranteed charger can still serve as a main charge loop for fully charging the storage battery pack. By the aid of the medium-voltage emergency power supply, the medium-voltage alternating-current power system can assuredly continue working in optional set time after the power supply bus fails, so that loss caused by power failure of a power grid is reduced to be 'zero'.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ~ 0.66KV-10KV (this patent defined " middle pressure ") uninterrupted power supply field, more particularly, relating to the rectification of boosting is the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures.
Background technology
1, in the industrial power field; It is year historical surplus the low-pressure type emergency power supply of ~ 380/220 system has had ten at home as the Emergency power supply unit of industry and civil area emergency lighting and line load; Form related patent U.S. Patent No. ten remainders, in ~ 380V electric power system, shown energy-saving and environmental protection, fast, high reliability, be convenient to a series of advantages such as maintenance, intelligent management, raising power supply reliability.And be accompanied by the high-power appearance that drags load of industrial circle, be used for dragging system ~ 0.66KV-~ 10KV series motor just came out as far back as the seventies, was very ripe through 30 years of development.In recent years; In order to reduce the volume and weight of large capacity motor; More for the laying installation of avoiding big electrical current carriers, connection and a security classes difficult problem such as excessive; Large capacity motor on many program control type of industrial circle streamlines is progressively replaced by the medium-pressure type motor, and the medium voltage converter product (being referred to as " industrial transmission " or " ac power transmission " abroad) of startup and control medium-pressure type motor is also ripe gradually.Yet other interchange emergency power supply of medium pressure grade is the market vacancy both domestic and external, particularly industrial circle always, almost can not find and successfully uses the electric power storage type to exchange the successful case of emergency power supply.All the time; In press the power system functional reliability depend on reliability fully in electric network source; In case electrical network has a power failure suddenly for some reason; The flow process that program control type industry is moving will all standing, and (according to an annual meeting report of group of PetroChina Company Limited.: only tens of electric power system faults just took place in 2011 the refinery plate, because of program control flow process all standing causes tens00000000 yuan of direct and consequential damages) will bring about great losses.In order to reduce loss as far as possible; The streamline of many program control industry has to dispose the air-driven type delay system of external import, is used to alleviate the loss of power failure flow process all standing, but this type of air-driven type delay system can only play limited mitigation; Suitably reduce the loss that has a power failure suddenly; Can't drop to the loss of urban network electricity source all standing and be bordering on " 0 ", and this type of pneumatic deferred mount expensive, additional operating cost at ordinary times is also very important.
2, in foregoing ~ 380V and following low pressure uninterrupted power supply (UPS and EPS), often lean on the direct rectification of input voltage to accomplish to the charging of internal series-connection batteries.Therefore, if the total series voltage of storage battery equals the dc voltage value after the alternating current input power supplying rectification, then can't the series connection batteries be full of electricity (have only charging voltage to be higher than be recharged storage battery total voltage about 10 or above could storage battery being full of); If storage battery series connection total voltage is lower than the commutating voltage value of input power supply,, can not guarantee again that when power failure is emergent the ac voltage of emergent output meets the requirements though maybe the series connection batteries be full of electricity.Emergent output voltage meets the requirements in order to guarantee batteries can be filled electricity; Not to boost rectification charging, the processing of boosting before inversion or after the inversion exactly; And these two kinds of measures are difficult and complicated relatively in medium voltage network; The former need test and construct the higher direct voltage of a cover and the rectifying device that boosts of more high-power environment again, and the latter need construct a cover high-power medium voltage DC source or an AC transformation device again, and the two technical all being difficult to implements; Security reliability is not high, and cost is but very high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is, to the technological deficiency of the pneumatic delay system in the program control field of modern industry, a kind of middle emergency power supply of pressing is provided; Can not satisfy for series connection batteries in the common emergency power supply is full of the technological deficiency of electricity to the dc voltage value after the direct rectification of Alternating Current Power Supply bus again, providing a kind of is the medium voltage network emergency power supply that ensures charging with the rectification of boosting.
It serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting that the present invention provides a kind of; Comprise industrial transmission, ensure charger, main charge switch, discharge control switch and series connection batteries; It is characterized in that; The positive pole of main charge switch scoops out the positive pole of anxious dc bus, and its negative pole connects the positive pole of batteries; The positive pole of discharge control switch connects the positive pole of batteries, and its negative pole scoops out the positive pole of anxious dc bus; Ensure the input termination Alternating Current Power Supply main bus-bar of charger; The positive pole of its output connects the anodal of batteries and connects the negative pole of main charge switch and the positive pole of discharge control switch simultaneously, ensures that the negative pole of charger output scoops out the negative pole of anxious dc bus and the negative pole of batteries; In middle pressure Alternating Current Power Supply busbar voltage just often; Discharge control switch turn-offs; Ensure the charger no-output; System is battery charging by the intermediate dc of industrial transmission through main charge switch; When batteries is charged near rated voltage; Ensure that charger begins output, continue battery is promoted charging; In the middle of when pressing the outage of Alternating Current Power Supply bus, ensure that charger stops output automatically, discharge control switch is open-minded, system gets into emergent discharge condition.
Preferably, ensure that charger comprises charging transformer and rectifier, a winding of charging transformer connects the Alternating Current Power Supply main bus bar, and secondary winding connects the input of rectifier, and the positive pole of the output of rectifier connects the positive pole of series connection batteries; The negative pole of rectifier scoops out the negative pole of anxious dc bus.
Preferably, the positive pole of emergent dc bus is connected with the positive pole of the intermediate dc bus of industrial transmission, and its negative pole is connected with the negative pole of the intermediate dc bus of industrial transmission.
Preferably, the scope of the alternating voltage output valve of the ac energy conversion of industrial transmission is 0.66KV to 10KV.
Preferably, rectifier is a controlled rectifier.
Preferably, rectifier is the combination of a common rectifier and an output control switch.
Preferably, output control switch is a controlled type of electronic power switch can controlling rectifier output on-off, or controlled class has the appliance switch of contact.
Preferably, rectifier be common rectifier, but ensure that the transformer input in the charger has gate-controlled switch from movingly.
Preferably, ensure that the gate-controlled switch of charger input can be controlled the on-off that ensures between charger and the main power supply buses, being controlled type has contact or contactless electronic power switch, or controlled electric appliances switch or controller.
Preferably, main charge switch G1 and discharge control switch are gate-controlled switch.
Embodiment of the present invention serve as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting; Have following beneficial effect: (1) is when the intermediate dc that utilizes industrial transmission is to charged by series storage battery; Set up the special-purpose commutating circuit that boosts and constitute the guarantee charger, can ensure that the series connection batteries is filled; (2) ensure that independently charger can also carry out the whole process charging for the series connection batteries under industrial drive rectifier link type of opening circuit fault or medium-pressure electricity supply busbar fault situation, become reliable subsequent use charge power supply, improve the system safety reliability; (3) under normal circumstances need not bear big load charging current owing to ensure charger, transformer efficiency is little, volume is little, in light weight, cost is low, the life-span is long and security of operation.When using patent art to press the ac power system to run into the medium-pressure electricity supply power failure in can guaranteeing, can not quit work in the setting-up time arbitrarily, operate as normal under the situation of sudden power especially, thus " 0 " is reduced in the loss that electric network fault is had a power failure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention serves as the structural representation of a specific embodiment of the middle pressure emergency power supply of guarantee that charges with the rectification of boosting.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of industrial transmission of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a specific embodiment of guarantee charger of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the another specific embodiment of guarantee charger of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the another specific embodiment of guarantee charger of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is that the present invention serves as the structural representation of a specific embodiment of the middle pressure emergency power supply of guarantee that charges with the rectification of boosting.As shown in the figure, the positive pole of main charge switch G1 scoops out the positive pole of anxious dc bus M, and its negative pole connects the positive pole of series connection batteries E; The positive pole of discharge control switch G2 connects the positive pole of series connection batteries E, and negative pole scoops out the positive pole of anxious dc bus, and the control utmost point meets controller K; Winding of charging transformer B meets Alternating Current Power Supply bus L1, and secondary winding connects the input of rectifier device CZ; The positive pole of the output of rectifier CZ connects the positive pole of series connection batteries, and its negative pole connects the negative pole of series connection batteries E and the negative pole of emergent dc bus M.The positive pole of emergent dc bus M is connected with the positive pole of the intermediate dc bus of industrial transmission PM, and its negative pole is connected with the negative pole of industrial transmission PM intermediate dc bus.Press Alternating Current Power Supply bus L2 during the input of industry transmission PM connects, press emergency power load DL during output connects, for example motor.
In the present invention, main charge switch G1 is any contactless type electronic power switch, also can be controlled have contact electric appliances or mechanical switch, and discharge control switch G2 is electrical equipment or the mechanical switch that controlled type of contactless electronic power switch or controlled class have the contact.
The alternating voltage output valve scope of industrial transmission energy conversion among the present invention is 0.66KV-10KV.The industry transmission can be the industrial driving type frequency conversion main frame of reputable brands such as ABB, Siemens or Shi Naide as the ac energy converting means, also can be homemade medium voltage converter device, can also be middle pressure wideband inverter.
In the present embodiment, be 660V for the alternating voltage output valve that guarantees industrial transmission.Need to guarantee that the series connection total voltage value of batteries under full electric situation is about 891V (660Vx1.35=891V), the quantity of each series connection batteries E is more than 445 joints that 74 joints of 12V series are above or 2V is serial.In order to be full of for series connection batteries E; Need to guarantee that the charging total voltage is higher than about 10%-15% of series connection batteries E total voltage; And the voltage that exchanges transmission main frame intermediate dc can only be about 891V, though can can't guarantee to be full of to charged by series storage battery.Therefore, profit of the present invention has been set up guarantee charger D, in order to ensure that accumulators is full of.Its work, stop and following the tracks of by controller K and accomplish, controller K can be according to the charge condition of the electric power thus supplied of pressing the Alternating Current Power Supply bus in the continual monitoring of predefined time with series connection batteries E.Controller K can be single-chip microcomputer, single board computer, industrial computer, intelligent control instrument, PLC or other the computer control device with controlled function, also can be replaced by industrial drive controller.
As required, series connection batteries E can be 1 group, also can be 2 groups above (comprising 2 groups), as long as each group is anodal and negative pole is in parallel respectively.When selecting more than 2 groups the series connection batteries for use, ensure that charger D or rectifier CZ wherein can share, also can be independent separately.Main charge switch G1 and discharge control switch G2 can share also can be independent separately.
Principle of the present invention is following: in 660V, press the Alternating Current Power Supply bus just often, system is in charged state, and this moment, discharge switch G2 turn-offed.If series connection batteries E series connection total voltage is starkly lower than 891V, then the middle dc voltage by industrial transmission passes through main charge switch to charge in batteries, and the guarantee charger is not exported.When storage battery is charged to when closing on load voltage value 891V, ensure that charger via controller K control starts, and promotes charging and floating charge to batteries, till the batteries of will connecting is full of electricity.When in 660V, pressing Alternating Current Power Supply busbar fault or middle pressure drive rectifier link to break down, ensure the charger self-starting, through ensureing charger series connection batteries E is carried out the whole process charging by Alternating Current Power Supply main bus bar L1.
When controller K monitors among the 660V when pressing Alternating Current Power Supply bus L2 to have a power failure for some reason through detection signal V, system gets into emergent discharge condition, and G2 is open-minded for controller K control discharge control switch.Series connection batteries E is through discharge control switch G2 discharge, and for the inversion link of industrial transmission provides DC power supply, this moment, the 660V power supply of industrial transmission output was an emergency power supply.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of industrial transmission of the present invention; As shown in the figure, this device mainly is made up of middle repoussage stream link CZ and inversion link SW, and basic principle and low pressure (380V) commutation inversion principle is basic identical; Signal is slightly different with controlled function, and middle dc voltage is about 891V.When the configure dedicated controller, also can be with pressing rectifier and inverter to replace in corresponding.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a specific embodiment of guarantee charger of the present invention.As shown in the figure, ensure that charger D comprises charging transformer B and rectifier CZ, winding of charging transformer B meets Alternating Current Power Supply main bus bar L1, and secondary winding connects the input of rectifier CZ; The positive pole of rectifier CZ output connects the positive pole of series connection batteries E, and its negative pole scoops out the negative pole of anxious dc bus M.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the another specific embodiment of guarantee charger of the present invention, compares with Fig. 3, adopts common rectifier CZ among Fig. 4, but its direct current output receives switch P 1 control.Switch P 1 can be a controlled type of power electronics noncontacting switch, also can be controlled type of machinery or appliance switch and controller.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the another specific embodiment of guarantee charger of the present invention, compares with Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 adopts common rectifier device CZ, but ensure charger CZ ~ the 380/220V input receives the control of switch P.Its switch P can be a controlled type of power electronics noncontacting switch, also can be controlled type of machinery or appliance switch and controller.
The present invention can be widely used in the emergency power system of industrial circle all kinds of Process Control Systems, particularly chemical industry, oil, petrochemical industry and coal chemical technology.
The present invention describes through embodiment, and those skilled in the art know, under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various changes or equivalence replacement to these characteristics and embodiment.In addition, under instruction of the present invention, can make amendment to these characteristics and embodiment can not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention to adapt to concrete situation and material.Therefore, the present invention does not receive the restriction of specific embodiment disclosed herein, and all interior embodiment of claim scope that fall into the application belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting; Comprise industrial transmission, ensure charger, main charge switch, discharge control switch and series connection batteries; It is characterized in that the positive pole of main charge switch scoops out the positive pole of anxious dc bus, its negative pole connects the positive pole of batteries; The positive pole of discharge control switch connects the positive pole of batteries, and its negative pole scoops out the positive pole of anxious dc bus; Ensure the input termination Alternating Current Power Supply main bus-bar of charger; The positive pole of its output connects the anodal of batteries and connects the negative pole of main charge switch and the positive pole of discharge control switch simultaneously, ensures that the negative pole of charger output scoops out the negative pole of anxious dc bus and the negative pole of batteries; In middle pressure Alternating Current Power Supply busbar voltage just often; Discharge control switch turn-offs; Ensure the charger no-output; System is battery charging by the intermediate dc of industrial transmission through main charge switch; When batteries is charged near rated voltage; Ensure that charger begins output, continue battery is promoted charging; In the middle of when pressing the outage of Alternating Current Power Supply bus, ensure that charger stops output automatically, discharge control switch is open-minded, system gets into emergent discharge condition.
2. according to claim 1 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting; It is characterized in that; Ensure that charger comprises charging transformer and rectifier; A winding of charging transformer connects the Alternating Current Power Supply main bus bar, and secondary winding connects the input of rectifier, and the positive pole of the output of rectifier connects the positive pole of series connection batteries; The negative pole of rectifier scoops out the negative pole of anxious dc bus.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting; It is characterized in that; The positive pole of emergent dc bus is connected with the positive pole of the intermediate dc bus of industrial transmission, and its negative pole is connected with the negative pole of the intermediate dc bus of industrial transmission.
4. according to claim 3 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting, and it is characterized in that the scope of the alternating voltage output valve of the ac energy conversion of industrial transmission is 0.66KV to 10KV.
5. described according to the arbitrary claim of claim 1-3 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting, and it is characterized in that rectifier is a controlled rectifier.
6. described according to the arbitrary claim of claim 1-3 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting, and it is characterized in that rectifier is the combination of a common rectifier and an output control switch.
7. according to claim 6 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting, and it is characterized in that, output control switch is a controlled type of electronic power switch can controlling rectifier output on-off, or controlled class has the appliance switch of contact.
8. described according to the arbitrary claim of claim 1-3 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting, it is characterized in that, rectifier be common rectifier, but ensure that the transformer input in the charger has gate-controlled switch certainly movingly.
9. according to claim 8 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting; It is characterized in that; The gate-controlled switch that ensures the charger input can be controlled the on-off that ensures between charger and the main power supply buses; Being controlled type has contact or contactless electronic power switch, or controlled electric appliances switch or controller.
10. according to claim 1 serves as the middle pressure emergency power supply that charging ensures with the rectification of boosting, and it is characterized in that main charge switch G1 and discharge control switch are gate-controlled switch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210041744.9A CN102624045B (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2012-02-23 | Medium-voltage emergency power supply for guaranteeing charge by means of boosting and rectifying |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210041744.9A CN102624045B (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2012-02-23 | Medium-voltage emergency power supply for guaranteeing charge by means of boosting and rectifying |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102624045A true CN102624045A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
| CN102624045B CN102624045B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=46563782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210041744.9A Active CN102624045B (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2012-02-23 | Medium-voltage emergency power supply for guaranteeing charge by means of boosting and rectifying |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102624045B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2614396Y (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-05-05 | 蒋贞荣 | Three-phase UPS made up of frequency-converter and accumulator |
| CN201113483Y (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2008-09-10 | 李彪 | Frequency converter standby electric power supply system |
| CN201247966Y (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-05-27 | 旭隼科技股份有限公司 | On-line interactive non-deenergize device and charger |
| WO2010121783A1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-28 | Gerald Hehenberger | Electrical energy generating installation driven at variable rotational speeds, with a constant output frequency, especially a wind power installation |
| CN201904645U (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-07-20 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic UPS system |
| CN202474934U (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2012-10-03 | 国彪电源集团有限公司 | Medium voltage emergency power supply taking boosting rectification as charging security |
-
2012
- 2012-02-23 CN CN201210041744.9A patent/CN102624045B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2614396Y (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-05-05 | 蒋贞荣 | Three-phase UPS made up of frequency-converter and accumulator |
| CN201113483Y (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2008-09-10 | 李彪 | Frequency converter standby electric power supply system |
| CN201247966Y (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-05-27 | 旭隼科技股份有限公司 | On-line interactive non-deenergize device and charger |
| WO2010121783A1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-28 | Gerald Hehenberger | Electrical energy generating installation driven at variable rotational speeds, with a constant output frequency, especially a wind power installation |
| CN201904645U (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-07-20 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic UPS system |
| CN202474934U (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2012-10-03 | 国彪电源集团有限公司 | Medium voltage emergency power supply taking boosting rectification as charging security |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102624045B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103427430B (en) | A kind of energy management method of mixed energy storage system in microgrid | |
| CN201238200Y (en) | Intelligent generator set for uninterrupted power supply | |
| CN104065157A (en) | Uninterruptible power supply with improved power supply reliability | |
| CN102709994A (en) | Charge-discharge two-way power converter for battery for electric car | |
| CN102468682A (en) | High voltage direct current power supply system for both alternating current purpose and direct current purpose | |
| CN103023344A (en) | Universal smart grid power electronic device | |
| CN201146397Y (en) | Intelligent rapid emergency power supply system | |
| CN203027153U (en) | Universal smart power grid power electronic device | |
| CN102957335B (en) | Bidirectional battery storage inverter used for grid-connected systems | |
| CN104242369A (en) | Novel intelligent multi-energy multi-mode uninterruptible power supply | |
| CN103296738A (en) | Dual standby saving type direct current power supply system | |
| CN104201762B (en) | A kind of electric power box becomes dedicated operations power supply | |
| CN103683328B (en) | Automatic switching module and photovoltaic from net full-automatic power generation system | |
| CN103427729A (en) | Rod pumped well group control system based on direct current bus | |
| CN202550614U (en) | Off-line discharge device of storage battery | |
| CN104852381A (en) | Mobile shelter monitoring system and battery energy storage system charge and discharge control method | |
| CN202474934U (en) | Medium voltage emergency power supply taking boosting rectification as charging security | |
| CN103368249B (en) | The system and method that a kind of uninterrupted power supply is powered | |
| CN105322582A (en) | Emergency power supply device realized by utilizing silicon controlled rectifier technology | |
| CN204441905U (en) | A kind of self-starting system of energy accumulation current converter | |
| CN204316173U (en) | A kind of duplicate supply input redundancy electric power supply system of Novel photovoltaic inverter | |
| CN203301212U (en) | Dual standby saving type DC power supply system | |
| CN202475006U (en) | Medium-voltage emergency power supply taking boosting pulse as guarantee for charging | |
| CN209844611U (en) | Battery charging and discharging equipment | |
| CN103904776A (en) | Intelligent power distribution room power system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |