CN102622670B - A kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly is accused of the source tracing method of risk source - Google Patents
A kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly is accused of the source tracing method of risk source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It is accused of risk source for burst water environment pollution accident and is difficult to quick investigation problem, the present invention establishes a kind of burst water environment pollution accident and is accused of risk source source tracing method, and its step includes：(1) business risk information database is built；(2) contamination accident emergency monitoring and acquisition of information；(3) accident is accused of risk source preliminary screening；(4) burst accident is accused of risk source positioning；(5) accident is accused of risk source postsearch screening；(6) it is accused of the analysis of risk source accident scene accordance；(7) it is accused of risk source scene evidence taking and checking.The standardization investigation method that the present invention establishes solves conventional water environment pollution accident and is accused of the problems such as subjective, hysteresis and workload are big present in risk source troubleshooting procedure, is easy to environmentally friendly authorities to realize the standardization of water environment pollution accident emergency process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of source tracing method for being exclusively used in burst water environment pollution accident and being accused of risk source, belong to ambient wind
Dangerous impact evaluation technical field.
Background technology
China steps into the sudden water environment pollution event intensive high-incidence season in recent years, and statistics is shown from China in 2006
Environment burst accident together occurs within average every two days, wherein 70% is water pollution accident.Burst water environment pollution accident has turned into
Endanger health of human body, destroy an important factor for ecological environment, serious threat China's environment, economy and the harmonious development of society.
As Song Hua River nitrobenzene contamination accident in 2005 causes more than 300 ten thousand people's dysdipsias；Chengjiang County of Yunnan Province sun ancestor sea is given up containing arsenic within 2008
Water leakage pollution event causes downstream agricultural and fishery heavy losses；Shandong arsenic-containing waste water contamination accident has a strong impact within 2009
The health of the people of downstream more than 50 ten thousand and production.Associated contamination accident exacerbates quality in watershed deterioration, result in serious economic damage
Become estranged ecological disruption, also create regional society fear.With the frequent generation of water environment pollution accident, how in accident emergency
During it is timely, objective, accurately identify and be accused of risk source, clear and definite business accountability, avoid the further deterioration of accident from turning into accident
The important content of emergency, the key also occurred again as reduction accident.
However, lack specification both at home and abroad at present, reasonable, effective water environment pollution accident is accused of risk source investigation method.
Most of environmental pollution accident be accused of risk source investigation be based primarily upon enterprise voluntarily report, reports, and accident investigation
Person personal experience, it usually needs complete a large amount of field investigations and evidence obtaining work.Due to existing investigation method have lack of standard and
Hysteresis quality, lack science, cause investigation the authoritative and ageing of result to suffer from extensive query, this turns into environmental pollution
Accident is accused of the most thorny problem run into risk source investigation.
The tracing technology that risk source is accused of in environmental pollution accident is totally different from existing environment risk source identification technology,
Different from environmental accident early warning technology.The risk of environmental pollution accident risk source identification and early warning technology mainly for a certain fixation
Unit, simulated by maximum possible accident scene, assess some following issuable harmfulness of (section) timing node of accident
Consequence.And the tracing technology for being accused of risk source is based primarily upon the change in the several timing node contaminated zones of certain in accident generating process,
Using the anti-judge of mathematical modeling thus occur initial position, accident pattern and explosion time.Due to accident explosion time, contaminated zone
Position and length etc. have uncertain and relevance, cause being accurately positioned for accident source to be difficult to.
Current existing tracing technology focuses mostly in communication and internet arena (such as CN100574521C；
CN101894345A and CN101252592A), and agricultural product or meat product source are tracked using gene technology
(CN102142116A；CN102063692；CN101717820A), the technology traced to the source for Sudden Environmental Pollution Accident risk source
Fewer (CN102116734A；CN101789162A).Only research and propose individually using isotope analysis or finger-print
Method, contrast accident chemicals and risk source chemicals composition difference, to realize the investigation for being accused of risk source.This method can be significantly
The accuracy of empirical discriminant method is lifted, but this method is only applicable to a certain category feature pollutant, such as heavy metal, petroleum-type, and
Technical monitoring method is complicated, investigation workload is big, operator monitoring amount is big, lacks standardization program, is difficult to be directly used in accident at present
It is accused of the investigation one by one of risk source.
It is accused of risk source investigation method due to lacking practical, codes and standards water environment pollution accident, it is current domestic
Outer environmental protection pipe reason department still relies primarily on empirical method and checked one by one is accused of risk source to investigate accident, causes investigation result accurate
Property, it is ageing be under suspicion, how to plan, science, reasonable, effective investigation accident is accused of risk source turns into domestic and international accident
The problem of contingency management department is in the urgent need to address.
The content of the invention
Specification of the present invention water environment pollution accident is accused of the investigation method of risk source, establishes complicated based on contamination accident
Property parse step by step be accused of risk source acquisition of information, multistage screening, accordance analysis and evidence obtaining checking standardized program, solve
The problem of conventional contamination accident is accused of subjective method in risk source troubleshooting procedure, hysteresis, workload is big, reduces accident each side
Query to investigating result.
Technical scheme is as follows：
1. a kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, it is characterised in that：Its concrete operations walks
It is rapid as follows, Step 1: risk source risk information database sharing
The first step：The basin risk source distribution software system based on WebGis of foundation；
System includes risk source name, production value, affiliated industry, risk source coordinate, Sewage outlet coordinate, receiving water
Body equivalent risk source Back ground Information；
Second step：Establish the risk source specified risk material database of timing renewal；
Periodically declared by enterprise, the more new tool such as irregular site inspection, establish basin blowdown risk source specified risk material
Database, mainly include：Poisonous and harmful raw material, auxiliary material, product and discarded object, and regularly update risk source specified risk material title,
The information such as reserves, storage mode, monitoring means, storage；
3rd step：Establish basin excessive risk chemicals composition information bank；
Using environment risk source identification method, risk source has in basin high poison organic matter, heavy metal and oils etc. are screened
Excessive risk chemicals, using the typical characteristics thing of the such risk chemicals of internal mark method determination, establish basin excessive risk chemicals group
Into information bank；
Step 2: contamination accident emergency monitoring and acquisition of information
The first step：Obtain accidental pollution thing composition；
After being connected to report or finding water quality exception, carry out accident emergency monitoring, measure accidental pollution thing mainly forms；
Second step：Obtain contaminated zone change information；
Using the monitoring means such as mobile monitoring (car, ship etc.), simple monitoring, low latitude aerial survey, remote sensing, in accident location
Upstream and downstream obtains contaminated zone diffusion rate, length, width, and concentration distribution；
3rd step：Calculate pollutant leakage total amount；
The contaminated zone change information obtained based on second step, the total amount of pollutant of accident leakage is calculated using formula (1)；
Wherein, M- pollutants leakage total amount, t；Ci- monitoring site concentration, mg/L；Li- monitoring site spacing distance, km；n-
Monitoring site number, typically larger than 10；
Step 3: accident is accused of risk source preliminary screening
According to accident informations such as the pollutant kind that is obtained from step 2 and leakage rates, using exclusive method from basin risk
Screening accident is accused of risk source in source specified risk material database and basin excessive risk chemicals composition information bank, primarily determines that suspicion
Risk source range；
Step 4: burst accident is accused of risk source positioning
The first step：Accident maximum possible type analysis；
According to the physicochemical property of pollutant, contaminated zone material characteristic distributions, judge the maximum possible type of accident, analyze thing
Therefore whether belong to waste water non-normal emission accident, the direct leakage accident of liquid chemicals or the secondary leakage accident of liquid chemical etc.；
Foundation analysis of cases result, predict the initial contamination strip length scope of accident；
Second step：The earliest diffusion time analysis of accident；
According to the contaminated zone delta data obtained in river basic parameter and step 2, pollution belt length is calculated using formula (2)
Degree and the relation of diffusion time, and determine the earliest diffusion time of contamination accident；
Wherein, L- different times node pollution strip length, m；T- contaminated zones diffusion time, h；Co- contaminated zone monitors most
High concentration, mg/L；uo- pollution strip length spreading rate, m/h；α, β and k- river constant；
3rd step：Accident maximally diffuses surface analysis；
According to accident earliest diffusion time anti-judge's event maximum possible scene, according to the maximum of formula (3) calculating accident
Diffusion length；
Wherein, X- pollutants leakage maximum length, m；ux- river flow, m/s；T- contaminated zones diffusion time, h；M- pollutes
Thing reveals total amount；C0The maximum concentration of-contaminated zone monitoring, mg/L；B- rivers mean breadth, m；H- rivers mean depth, m；
Step 5: accident is accused of risk source postsearch screening
Scope is maximally diffused based on the accident obtained in step 4, according to the WebGis systems of risk source distribution, to first
It is accused of risk source after secondary screening and carries out programmed screening, further diminution accident is accused of risk source range；
Step 6: it is accused of the analysis of risk source accident scene accordance
The first step：Risk source accident scene is simulated；
It is accused of the environmental risk source information of risk source in obtaining step five after postsearch screening, according to risk source maximum possible thing
Therefore scene analysis, simulate the similar accident of risk source in diffusion time, leakage rate and diffusion length relation；
Second step：Accident scene accordance is analyzed；
Contrast actual accidents monitoring result is calculated according to formula (4) and is accused of with being accused of risk source accident scene analog result
The accordance of risk source accident scene：
Wherein, f (X, M, t)-accident scene meets sex factor；X, M, t (X0, M0, t0)-be respectively is accused of risk source accident
Accident diffusion length, leakage rate and the diffusion time of simulated scenario (and actual monitoring)；γ, δ and ε-weight factor, and γ+δ+ε
=1；
3rd step：It is accused of the sequence of risk source accident scene accordance；
Factor size is met based on the accident scene that second step calculates, the accident of foundation is accused of the accordance sequence of risk source
Inventory；
Step 7: it is accused of risk source scene evidence taking and checking
It is accused of the accordance ordered list of risk source according to the accident established, carries out the scene tune for being accused of risk source successively
Look into, collect evidence and consequence checking；Acquisition be accused of in risk source with accident chemicals identical material, take Stable Isotopic Analysis
Method, the composition or characteristic fingerprint picture library of analytical chemicals；Compared and analyzed by sample composition, determined accident risk source, clearly look forward to
Industry responsibility.
2. a kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly as claimed in claim 1 is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, its feature
It is：In step 3 accident be accused of pollution risk source preliminary screening should first exclude not store, without using and not production accidentization
The risk source of product, then exclude the risk source that accident chemicals amount of storage, use and output exceed accident leakage amount.
3. a kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly as claimed in claim 1 is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, its feature
It is：When being accused of risk source number less than 5 after step 3 (or step 5) exclusion, it can directly surmount step 7 development and be accused of
Field investigation, evidence obtaining and the checking of risk source.
4. a kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly as claimed in claim 1 is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, its feature
It is：The simulation of risk source accident scene is determined successively by formula (5) and formula (6)：
Maximum credible accident source strength is determined, enters surface water body according to the poisonous and harmful hazardous chemical of liquid in the unit interval
In content, calculated using following formula：
QSource strength=λ × Qmax×PLeakage ratio/t (5)
Wherein, Qmax- poisonous and harmful hazardous chemical maximum reserves, t；PLeakage ratioThe leakage of-poisonous and harmful hazardous chemical
Ratio；λ-liquid leakage pollutant flows into the ratio of sensitively table water body certainly；T- leak times, min；
For pollution of water caused by water pollution accident risk source, accident harm model is calculated with two-dimensional diffusion model
Enclose, expression formula is as follows：
Wherein, at ρ (x, y, t)-leakage point downstream distance x, dissolved pollutant concentration, mg/L during t；QSource strength- pollution is in a steady stream
By force, g；Dx/Dy- longitudinal and laterally discrete coefficient, m2/s；ux/uy- transverse direction and longitudinal direction flow velocity, m/s；H- mean depths, m；K- degrades
Speed, g/gd.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the source tracing method workflow diagram that burst water environment pollution accident is accused of risk source
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail：
A kind of burst water environment pollution accident that this method is related to is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, suitable for river class water
It is accused of the investigation step by step of risk source in the water pollution accident that happened suddenly in body, including：To the unit of environmental emission pollutant, production, storage
Deposit, manage, Environment Pollution Event may occur using the unit of dangerous substance or generation, collection, utilization, disposal hazardous waste etc.
Unit.This method is not suitable for the identification of long-term accumulated accident risk source, and the accident for being also not suitable for the moving sources such as car, ship is traced back
Source.
It is accused of the complexity of risk source according to each basin, accident is accused of the investigation of risk source, and also classification is gradually opened
Exhibition.It is accused of the basin that risk source is few, polluter specificity is strong for accident, simple one-level or two level screening can be achieved to relate to
Dislike risk source effectively to investigate, directly can directly surmount step 7 progress risk source from step 3 or step 5 to simplify step
Checking；For being accused of risk source quantity is more, pollutant is relatively common basin, it is necessary to be investigated successively by step.
Burst water environment pollution accident proposed by the present invention is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, including following steps：
Step 1: risk source risk information database sharing
1. the basin risk source distribution software system based on WebGis of foundation.The WebGid distribution systems of risk source are to carry out
It is accused of the basis that risk source is traced to the source.Risk source distributed data base as detailed as possible is only established, is just avoided that and is accused of risk source
Produced in investigation and be accused of the problems such as enterprise fails to report, misrepresented deliberately.It should be included in the system and be possibly used for environmental pollution accident risk
The key element of source control, as risk risk source name, production value, affiliated industry, risk source coordinate, Sewage outlet coordinate, by
Receive water body etc..
2. establish the risk source specified risk material database of timing renewal.Periodically declared by enterprise, scene investigation etc. it is a variety of
Mode, establish the basic information database for including river periphery risk source mainly poisonous and harmful supplementary material, product, discarded object；For
The validity of support risk material information, it is basic should regularly to update risk source environmental risk pollution title, quantity, residing place etc.
Information；
3. establish basin excessive risk chemicals composition information bank.By critical value method, there is height in screening basin risk source
The excessive risk unit of organic matter, heavy metal and the oils of poison etc., using typical characteristics thing in internal mark method determination risk chemicals, builds
Vertical basin excessive risk chemicals composition storehouse；It is easy to reduce emphasis investigation unit when excessive risk contamination accident occurs.
Step 2: contamination accident emergency monitoring and acquisition of information
1. obtain accidental pollution thing composition.Carry out accident emergency monitoring, determine that accidental pollution thing mainly forms；Concrete analysis
Method can determine according to the main Sudden Environmental Pollution Accident feature in basin and level monitoring, can also use GC-MS, stably
Isotope method, or use simple stoichiometric method；
2. obtain contaminated zone change information.Ground upstream and downstream is found in accident, using mobile monitoring (car, ship etc.), simple prison
The monitoring means such as survey, low latitude aerial survey, remote sensing, obtain contaminated zone diffusion rate, length, width, and concentration distribution；
3. calculate pollutant leakage total amount.The contaminated zone essential information obtained for second step, thing is calculated by formula (1)
Therefore the total amount of leakage pollution thing；
M- pollutants leak total amount, t；Ci- monitoring site concentration, mg/L；Li- monitoring site spacing distance, km；N- is monitored
Point position number, typically larger than 10.
It is accused of in actual accidents in risk source investigation, it is contemplated that the physics chemical action such as degraded and absorption of pollutant, its
Total amount has certain loss in along river transition process, thus the leakage of the pollutant to calculating total amount is modified.Repair
Correction method can calculate according to formula (2)：
M '=abM (2)
A is contaminant degradation coefficient, and b is pollutant adsorption coefficient
Step 3: accident is accused of risk source preliminary screening
Realize and be accused of risk source according to the pollutant type and the accident information such as leakage rate obtained, using exclusive method from step
Basin is screened in the basin risk source risk pollution basic database and basin excessive risk chemicals composition information bank established in one
Inside it is accused of pollution risk source, primarily determines that suspicion risk source range.The preliminary screening that accident is accused of pollution risk source should be screened first
The risk source of the chemical substance is stored, used and produced, then screens accident chemicals amount of storage, use and output and exceedes accident
The risk source of leakage rate.Be accused of risk source after such as investigating less than 5, can without being accused of the positioning and postsearch screening of risk source,
Directly surmount step 7 and carry out the checking work for being accused of risk source.
Step 4: burst accident is accused of risk source positioning
1. accident maximum possible type analysis.The selection of accident maximum possible type is by each parameter in direct decision model
Choose, and then influence the distribution in contaminated zone, accident accordance analysis result, and and then have necessarily to being accused of risk source sequence
Influence.Thus the selection of accident maximum possible type is also to be accused of a ring important in risk source investigation, its concrete operation method
Carry out according to Water environments simulation source discrimination.According to contaminated zone material distribution form, and the physicochemical property of pollutant, judge
The maximum possible type of accident；The accident pattern that water pollution accident risk source occurs mainly has：Waste water non-normal emission accident, liquid
The direct leakage accident of state chemicals, the secondary leakage accident of liquid chemical etc..
2. the earliest diffusion time analysis of accident.Analyzed according to river parameter and maximum possible accident pattern, according in step
On the basis of the contaminated zone delta data obtained in two, diffusion strip length and the relation of diffusion time are determined using formula (3).And it is based on
Maximum possible accident pattern, initial pollution strip length is calculated, estimate the earliest diffusion time of contamination accident；
Wherein, L- different times node pollution strip length, m；T- contaminated zones diffusion time, h；Co- contaminated zone monitors most
High concentration, mg/L；uo- pollution strip length spreading rate, m/h；α, β and k- river constant；
3. accident maximally diffuses surface analysis.It is to be based on accident location that accident, which maximally diffuses scope, is accused of risk source
In upper river highest distance position that may be present.It is the important evidence that risk source is accused of in screening that accident, which maximally diffuses scope, only
Bringing the risk source in the range of accident harm into can just participate in the investigation of follow-up risk source, and this is advantageous to be avoided investigating scope
Extension.The accident earliest diffusion time determined according to step 4 second step, according to the anti-judge of formula (4) thus maximally diffuse away from
From；
Wherein, X- pollutants leakage maximum length, m；ux- river flow, m/s；T- contaminated zones diffusion time, h；M- pollutes
Thing reveals total amount；C0The maximum concentration of-contaminated zone monitoring, mg/L；B- rivers mean breadth, m；H- rivers mean depth, m；
In real work, accident maximally diffuse scope investigation should also with built river monitoring system, river sense
Property index change be combined, and scope is maximally diffused to accident and is modified.In addition, supervised online according in the transition process of contaminated zone
The data that survey or basin field investigation obtain, equally the nearest diffusion length of accident can be calculated according to formula (4), that is, determine to send out from accident
Now to the minimum distance being accused of between risk source.By the way that accident is maximally diffused into the deduction nearest diffusion length of accident in scope
Obtain being accused of the maximum possible accident occurrence scope of risk source.
Step 5: accident is accused of risk source postsearch screening
Based on the maximum possible accident occurrence scope obtained in step 4, the WebGis distributions system according to basin risk source
System, it is distributed by risk source and Sewage outlet coordinate, completes the postsearch screening that risk source is accused of in accident location upstream, enter
One step reduces accident and is accused of risk source range.After risk source number is accused of less than 5 in basin after screening, it can directly surmount step
Rapid seven be accused of scene evidence taking and the checking of risk source.
Step 6: it is accused of the analysis of risk source accident scene accordance
1. risk source accident scene is simulated.Based on be accused of after postsearch screening the specified risk material reserves of risk source, storage form,
The information such as state, simulate the maximum credible accident scene of the risk source, and sunykatuib analysis accident is accused of polluting in risk source after occurring
The relation of thing leak time, leakage rate and contaminated zone distribution.Maximum credible accident source strength can be poisonous according to liquid in the unit interval
The content that harmful hazardous chemical enters in surface water body, is calculated using following formula：
QSource strength=λ × Qmax×PLeakage ratio/t (5)
Wherein, QmaxFor poisonous and harmful hazardous chemical maximum reserves, t；PLeakage ratioFor letting out for poisonous and harmful hazardous chemical
Leakage ratio；λ is that liquid reveals pollutant from the ratio for flowing into sensitively table water body；T is leak time, min；
For pollution of water caused by water pollution accident risk source, accident harm model is calculated with two-dimensional diffusion model
Enclose, expression formula is as follows：
Wherein, ρ (x, y, t) be leakage point downstream distance x at, t when dissolved pollutant concentration, mg/L；QSource strengthFor pollution sources
Source strength, g；Dx/DyFor longitudinal and laterally discrete coefficient, m2/s；ux/uyFor transverse direction and longitudinal direction flow velocity, m/s；H is mean depth, m；K
For degradation rate, g/gd；
2. accident scene accordance is analyzed.Contrast actual accidents monitoring result is tied with being accused of the simulation of risk source accident scene
Fruit, the accordance for being accused of risk source accident scene is calculated according to formula (7)：
Wherein, f is that accident scene meets the factor；X, M, t (X0, M0, t0) it is respectively simulated accident scene (or actual accidents)
Diffusion length, leakage rate and diffusion time；γ, δ and ε are weight factor, and γ+δ+ε=1；
3. it is accused of the sequence of risk source accident scene accordance：The accident scene calculated based on step 6 second step meets the factor
Size, the accident of foundation are accused of the accordance ordered list of risk source.
Step 7: it is accused of risk source scene evidence taking and checking
It is accused of the accordance ordered list of risk source according to the accident established, carries out the scene tune for being accused of risk source successively
Look into, collect evidence and consequence checking；Acquisition be accused of in risk source with accident chemicals identical material, take Stable Isotopic Analysis
Method, the composition or characteristic fingerprint picture library of analytical chemicals；Compared and analyzed by sample composition, determined accident risk source, clearly look forward to
Industry responsibility.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, it is characterised in that：Its concrete operation step is such as
Under,
Step 1: risk source information database is built
The first step：The basin risk source distribution software system based on WebGis of foundation；
System includes risk source name, production value, affiliated industry, risk source coordinate, Sewage outlet coordinate, receiving water body；
Second step：Establish the risk source specified risk material database of timing renewal；
Periodically declared by enterprise, the more new tool of irregular site inspection, establish basin risk source specified risk material database, wrapped
Include：Poisonous and harmful raw material, auxiliary material, product and discarded object, and regularly update risk source specified risk material title, reserves, storage mode,
Monitoring means, storage；
3rd step：Establish basin excessive risk chemicals composition information bank；
Using environment risk source identification method, risk source has in basin high poison organic matter, heavy metal and oils are screened, using interior
Mark method determines the typical characteristics thing of such risk chemicals, establishes basin excessive risk chemicals composition information bank；
Step 2: contamination accident emergency monitoring and acquisition of information
The first step：Obtain accidental pollution thing composition；
After being connected to report or finding water quality exception, carry out accident emergency monitoring, measure accidental pollution thing mainly forms；
Second step：Obtain contaminated zone change information；
Using mobile monitoring, simple monitoring, low latitude aerial survey, remote sensing monitoring means, in accident location, upstream and downstream obtains pollution
Band diffusion rate, length, width, and concentration distribution；
3rd step：Calculate pollutant leakage total amount；
The contaminated zone change information obtained based on second step, the total amount of pollutant of accident leakage is calculated using formula (1)；
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Wherein, M- pollutants leakage total amount, t；Ci- monitoring site concentration, mg/L；Li- monitoring site spacing distance, km；N- is monitored
Point position number, more than 10；
Step 3: accident is accused of risk source preliminary screening
According to the pollutant kind that is obtained from step 2 and leakage rate, using exclusive method from basin risk source specified risk material data
Screening accident is accused of risk source in storehouse and basin excessive risk chemicals composition information bank, primarily determines that suspicion risk source range；
Step 4: burst accident is accused of risk source positioning
The first step：Accident maximum possible type analysis；
According to the physicochemical property of pollutant, contaminated zone material characteristic distributions, the maximum possible type of accident is judged, analysis accident is
It is no to belong to waste water non-normal emission accident, the direct leakage accident of liquid chemicals or the secondary leakage accident of liquid chemical；According to case
Example analysis result, predict the initial contamination strip length scope of accident；
Second step：The earliest diffusion time analysis of accident；
According to the contaminated zone delta data obtained in river parameter and step 2, pollution strip length and diffusion are calculated using formula (2)
The relation of time, and determine the earliest diffusion time of contamination accident；
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Wherein, L- different times node pollution strip length, m；T- contaminated zones diffusion time, h；C0- contaminated zone monitors most highly concentrated
Degree, mg/L；uo- pollution strip length spreading rate, m/h；α, β and k- river constant；
3rd step：Accident maximally diffuses surface analysis；
According to accident earliest diffusion time anti-judge's event maximum possible scene, maximally diffusing for accident is calculated according to formula (3)
Distance；
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Wherein, X- pollutants leakage maximum length, m；ux- river flow, m/s；T- contaminated zones diffusion time, h；M- pollutants are let out
Reveal total amount；C0The maximum concentration of-contaminated zone monitoring, mg/L；B- rivers mean breadth, m；H- rivers mean depth, m；
Step 5: accident is accused of risk source postsearch screening
Scope is maximally diffused based on the accident obtained in step 4, according to the WebGis systems of risk source distribution, first time sieved
It is accused of risk source after choosing and carries out programmed screening, further diminution accident is accused of risk source range；
Step 6: it is accused of the analysis of risk source accident scene accordance
The first step：Risk source accident scene is simulated；
It is accused of the environmental risk source information of risk source in obtaining step five after postsearch screening, according to risk source maximum possible accident field
Scape is analyzed, and simulates the relation of diffusion time, leakage rate and diffusion length in the similar accident of risk source；
Second step：Accident scene accordance is analyzed；
Contrast actual accidents monitoring result calculates according to formula (4) with being accused of risk source accident scene analog result and is accused of risk
The accordance of source accident scene：
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>&gamma;</mi>
<mfrac>
<mi>X</mi>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
<mfrac>
<mi>M</mi>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mfrac>
<mi>t</mi>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, f (X, M, t)-accident scene meets sex factor；X, M, t- are respectively the accident for being accused of risk source accident simulated scenario
Diffusion length, leakage rate and diffusion time；X0, M0, t0- be respectively be accused of risk source accident actual monitoring accident diffusion length,
Leakage rate and diffusion time；γ, δ and ε-weight factor, and γ+δ+ε=1；
3rd step：It is accused of the sequence of risk source accident scene accordance；
Factor size is met based on the accident scene that second step calculates, the accordance sequence that the accident of foundation is accused of risk source is clear
It is single；Step 7: it is accused of risk source scene evidence taking and checking
It is accused of the accordance ordered list of risk source according to the accident established, carries out successively and be accused of the field investigation of risk source, take
Card and consequence checking；Acquisition be accused of in risk source with accident chemicals identical material, take Stable Isotopic Analysis method, analyze
The composition or characteristic fingerprint picture library of chemicals；Compared and analyzed by sample composition, determined accident risk source, specify business accountability.
2. a kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly as claimed in claim 1 is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, it is characterised in that：
In step 3 accident be accused of risk source preliminary screening first exclude not store, without using and not production accident chemicals risk
Source, then exclude the risk source that accident chemicals amount of storage, use and output exceed accident leakage amount.
3. a kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly as claimed in claim 1 is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, it is characterised in that：
Be accused of after being excluded through step 3 risk source number less than 5 when, directly surmount step 7 carry out be accused of risk source field investigation,
Evidence obtaining and checking.
4. a kind of water environment pollution accident that happens suddenly as claimed in claim 1 is accused of the source tracing method of risk source, it is characterised in that：
The simulation of risk source accident scene is determined successively by formula (5) and formula (6)：
Maximum credible accident source strength is determined, is entered according to the poisonous and harmful hazardous chemical of liquid in the unit interval in surface water body
Content, calculated using following formula：
QSource strength=λ × Qmax×PLeakage ratio/t (5)
Wherein, Qmax- poisonous and harmful hazardous chemical maximum reserves, t；PLeakage ratioThe leakage ratio of-poisonous and harmful hazardous chemical；
λ-liquid leakage pollutant flows into the ratio of sensitively table water body certainly；T- leak times, min；
For pollution of water caused by water pollution accident risk source, accident harm scope is calculated with two-dimensional diffusion model,
Expression formula is as follows：
Wherein, at ρ (x, y, t)-leakage point downstream distance x, dissolved pollutant concentration, mg/L during t；QSource strength- pollution source concentration,
g；Dx/Dy- longitudinal and laterally discrete coefficient, m2/s；ux/uy- transverse direction and longitudinal direction flow velocity, m/s；H- mean depths, m；K- degraded speed
Rate, g/gd.
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