CN102621347B - Reflective optical fiber accelerometer compatible with optical fiber gyroscope - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reflective optical fiber accelerometer compatible with an optical fiber gyroscope, and the system mainly comprises a broadband optical source, a Y waveguide modulator, five 2X2 optical fiber couplers, four optical fiber isolator, a flexible disk, an optical fiber loop, a detector, a first interference arm, a second interference arm and two high reflection films, wherein the first interference arm is exactly matched with the second interference arm in length. According to the invention, the broadband optical source is used and the common mode characteristic between the two interference optical path arms, the coherent noise and environment interference are lowered, the signal to noise ratio and stability degree are improved, and the accuracy of the accelerometer is ensured. The invention provides the optical fiber accelerometer compatible with the optical fiber gyroscope for modulation-demodulation; as for being core components of an IMU (inertial measurement unit), both the accelerometer and the optical fiber gyroscope adopt the same modulation-demodulation scheme, thereby facilitating reducing the size of the IMU and improving the reliability of the IMU.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reflection type optical fiber accelerometer, especially relate to a kind of and the reflection type optical fiber accelerometer optical fibre gyro compatibility.
Technical background
Fibre optic accelerometer is a kind of inertial sensor of acceleration measurement.Fibre optic accelerometer has anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), and is highly sensitive, can be in the lower work of rugged surroundings (high temperature, high pressure, high field intensity, inflammable, explosive, deep-etching etc.), and the advantage such as volume is little, and is lightweight.
Along with the development of technology, also more and more higher to the sensitivity requirement of fibre optic accelerometer, and good light channel structure and modulation and demodulation method are the keys that improves accelerometer response.As everyone knows, the light path of interference optical fiber top is reciprocity, and modulation and demodulation method is also very ripe, has very high phase-detection precision, and existing fibre optic accelerometer does not all adopt the modulation and demodulation method of optical fibre gyro.In the inertial navigation field, IMU (inertial measuring unit) is very high to volume, reliability requirements, fibre optic accelerometer and optical fibre gyro be as the core devices of IMU (inertial measuring unit), to both carrying out miniaturization, integrated design is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of and the reflection type optical fiber accelerometer optical fibre gyro compatibility, utilize wide spectrum light source and farthest guaranteed common mode between optical interference circuit two arms, coherent noise and environmental interference have been reduced, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and degree of stability, guaranteed the precision of accelerometer.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
the present invention includes wide spectrum light source, the first coupling mechanism, the second coupling mechanism, the 3rd coupling mechanism, the 4th coupling mechanism, the 5th coupling mechanism, Y waveguide modulator, the first isolator, the second isolator, the 3rd isolator, the 4th isolator, the first interference arm, the second interference arm, detector, the first high-reflecting film, the second high-reflecting film, coupling mechanism is 2x2 optical-fiber type coupling mechanism, the first port and second port of coupling mechanism are positioned at the coupling mechanism homonymy, the 3rd port and the 4th port are positioned at the coupling mechanism homonymy, and the splitting ratio of coupling mechanism is 50:50, the output terminal of wide spectrum light source is connected with first coupling mechanism the first port, the first coupling mechanism the 4th port is connected with Y waveguide modulator single-end port, Y waveguide modulator both-end port one port is connected with second coupling mechanism the first port, the second coupling mechanism the 3rd port is connected with the first isolator forward port, the second coupling mechanism the 4th port is connected with the second isolator reverse port, the first isolator reverse port is connected with the 3rd coupling mechanism the first port, the 3rd coupling mechanism the 4th port and first interferes arm to be connected, first interferes the arm optical fiber connector to be coated with the first high-reflecting film, the 3rd coupling mechanism the second port is connected with the 3rd isolator forward port, the 3rd isolator reverse port is connected with the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port, the 4th coupling mechanism the 3rd port is connected with the 4th isolator forward port, the 4th isolator reverse port is connected with the 5th coupling mechanism the second port, the 5th coupling mechanism the first port is connected with the second isolator forward port, the 5th coupling mechanism the 4th port and second interferes arm to be connected, second interferes the arm optical fiber connector to be coated with the second high-reflecting film, the 4th coupling mechanism the first port is connected with Y waveguide modulator both-end port another port, first coupling mechanism the second port is connected with the input port of detector, all coupling mechanisms have neither part nor lot in the port tail optical fiber knotting of connection.
Described first interferes arm to interfere arm first optical fiber and first to interfere arm second portion optical fiber to form by first, first interferes the tight spirality of arm first optical fiber to be coiled on a surface of flexible disk, and first interferes arm second portion optical fiber connector end face plating the first high-reflecting film; Described second interferes arm to interfere arm first optical fiber and second to interfere arm second portion optical fiber to form by second, second interferes the tight spirality of arm first optical fiber to be coiled on another surface of flexible disk, second interferes arm second portion optical fiber connector end face plating the second high-reflecting film, and reflectivity and first interferes arm second portion optical fibre optical fibre distal end faces reflectivity identical; First interferes arm second portion optical fiber and second to interfere arm second to interfere arm optical fiber successively to be wound on fiber optic loop side by side.
described first interferes arm first optical fiber and second to interfere arm first optical fiber isometric, error in length is ± 1mm, first interferes 50 ~ 200 meters of brachiums, Y waveguide modulator single-end port is through the 4th coupling mechanism, the 4th isolator, the 5th coupling mechanism, second interferes arm, the second high-reflecting film, second interferes arm, the 5th coupling mechanism, the light path of second isolator to the second coupling mechanism the first port optical fiber pigtail and Y waveguide modulator single-end port are through the second coupling mechanism, the first isolator, the 3rd coupling mechanism, first interferes arm, the first high-reflecting film, first interferes arm, the difference of the light path of the 3rd isolator to the four coupling mechanism the first port optical fiber pigtails is less than 10 μ m.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
The present invention utilizes wide spectrum light source and has farthest guaranteed common mode between two arms of optical interference circuit, has reduced coherent noise and environmental interference, has improved signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and degree of stability, has guaranteed the precision of accelerometer.Accelerometer and optical fibre gyro, as the core devices of IMU (inertial measuring unit), both adopt identical modulation and demodulation method to be conducive to reduce the volume of IMU, the reliability of raising IMU.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is optical fiber acceleration meter systems syndeton schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the detailed syndeton schematic diagram of optical fiber acceleration meter systems;
Fig. 3 is the flexible disk structural representation;
Fig. 4 is flexible disk and fiber optic interferometric arm configuration schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the second coupling mechanism the 3rd port to the first port and the second port light path L1, L2 schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port to the first port and the second port light path L3, L4 schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is that Y waveguide modulator single-end port is through the 4th coupling mechanism to the second coupling mechanism the second port light path L5 schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is that Y waveguide modulator single-end port is through second coupling mechanism to the four coupling mechanism the secondth port light path L5 schematic diagram;
in figure: 1, wide spectrum light source, 2, the first coupling mechanism, 3, the Y waveguide modulator, 4, the second coupling mechanism, 5, the first isolator, 6, the 3rd coupling mechanism, 7, first interferes arm, 8, the 3rd isolator, 9, the 4th coupling mechanism, 10, the 4th isolator, 11, the five coupling mechanisms, 12 second interfere arm, 13, the second isolator, 14, detector, 15, flexible disk, 16, first interferes arm first optical fiber, 17, second interferes arm first optical fiber, 18, first interferes arm second portion optical fiber, 19, second interferes arm second portion optical fiber, 20, fiber optic loop, 21, the first high-reflecting film, 22, the second high-reflecting film, 2-1, first coupling mechanism the first port, 2-2, first coupling mechanism the second port, 2-3, the first coupling mechanism the 3rd port, 2-4, the first coupling mechanism the 4th port, 3-1, Y waveguide modulator single-end port, 3-2, Y waveguide modulator both-end port one port, 3-3, Y waveguide modulator both-end port another port, 4-1, second coupling mechanism the first port, 4-2, second coupling mechanism the second port, 4-3, the second coupling mechanism the 3rd port, 4-4, the second coupling mechanism the 4th port, 5-1, the first isolator forward port, 5-2, the first isolator reverse port, 6-1, the 3rd coupling mechanism the first port, 6-2, the 3rd coupling mechanism the second port, 6-3, the 3rd coupling mechanism the 3rd port, 6-4, the 3rd coupling mechanism the 4th port, 8-1, the 3rd isolator forward port, 8-2, the 3rd isolator reverse port, 9-1, the 4th coupling mechanism the first port, 9-2, the 4th coupling mechanism the second port, 9-3, the 4th coupling mechanism the 3rd port, 9-4, the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port, 10-1, the 4th isolator forward port, 10-2, the 4th isolator reverse port, 11-1, the 5th coupling mechanism the first port, 11-2, the 5th coupling mechanism the second port, 11-3, the 5th coupling mechanism the 3rd port, 11-4, the 5th coupling mechanism the 4th port, 13-1, the second isolator forward port, 13-2, the second isolator reverse port, L1, the light path of second coupling mechanism the 3rd port to the second coupling mechanism the first port optical fiber pigtail, L2, the light path of second coupling mechanism the 3rd port to the second coupling mechanism the second fiber port tail optical fiber, L3, the light path of the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port to the four coupling mechanism the first port optical fiber pigtails, L4, the light path of the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port to the four coupling mechanism the second fiber port tail optical fibers, L5, Y waveguide modulator single-end port is through the 4th coupling mechanism, the 4th isolator, the 5th coupling mechanism, second interferes arm, high-reflecting film, second interferes arm, the 5th coupling mechanism, the light path of second isolator to the second coupling mechanism the second fiber port tail optical fiber, L6, Y waveguide modulator single-end port is through the second coupling mechanism, the first isolator, the 3rd coupling mechanism, first interferes arm, high-reflecting film, first interferes arm, the light path of the 3rd isolator to the four coupling mechanism the second fiber port tail optical fibers.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, a kind of reflection type optical fiber accelerometer of and optical fibre gyro compatibility, comprise wide spectrum light source 1, the first coupling mechanism 2, the second coupling mechanism 4, the 3rd coupling mechanism 6, the 4th coupling mechanism 9, the 5th coupling mechanism 11, Y waveguide modulator 3, the first isolator 5, the second isolator 13, the 3rd isolator 8, the 4th isolator 10, first interferes arm 7, second interferes arm 12, detector 14, the first high-reflecting film 21, the second high-reflecting film 22, coupling mechanism is 2x2 optical-fiber type coupling mechanism, the first port and second port of coupling mechanism are positioned at the coupling mechanism homonymy, the 3rd port and the 4th port are positioned at the coupling mechanism homonymy, the splitting ratio of coupling mechanism is 50:50, the output terminal of wide spectrum light source 1 is connected with first coupling mechanism the first port 2-1, the first coupling mechanism the 4th port 2-4 is connected with Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1, Y waveguide modulator both-end port one port 3-2 is connected with second coupling mechanism the first port 4-1, the second coupling mechanism the 3rd port 4-3 is connected with the first isolator forward port 5-1, the second coupling mechanism the 4th port 4-4 is connected with the second isolator reverse port 13-2, the first isolator reverse port 5-2 is connected with the 3rd coupling mechanism the first port 6-1, the 3rd coupling mechanism the 4th port 6-4 and first interferes arm 7 to be connected, first interferes arm 7 optical fiber connectors to be coated with the first high-reflecting film 21, the 3rd coupling mechanism the second port 6-2 is connected with the 3rd isolator forward port 8-1, the 3rd isolator reverse port 8-2 is connected with the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port 9-4, the 4th coupling mechanism the 3rd port 9-3 is connected with the 4th isolator forward port 10-1, the 4th isolator reverse port 10-2 is connected with the 5th coupling mechanism the second port one 1-2, the 5th coupling mechanism the first port 11-1 is connected with the second isolator forward port 13-1, the 5th coupling mechanism the 4th port one 1-4 and second interferes arm 12 to be connected, second interferes arm 12 optical fiber connectors to be coated with the second high-reflecting film 22, the 4th coupling mechanism the first port 9-1 is connected with Y waveguide modulator both-end port another port 3-3, first coupling mechanism the second port 2-2 is connected with the input port of detector 14, all coupling mechanisms have neither part nor lot in the port tail optical fiber knotting of connection.
as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, described first interferes arm 7 to interfere arm first optical fiber 16 and first to interfere arm second portion optical fiber 18 to form by first, first interferes arm first optical fiber 16 tight spiralitys to be coiled on a surface of flexible disk 15, and first interferes arm second portion optical fiber 18 distal end faces plating the first high-reflecting films 21, described second interferes arm 12 to interfere arm first optical fiber 17 and second to interfere arm second portion optical fiber 19 to form by second, second interferes arm first optical fiber 17 tight spiralitys to be coiled on another surface of flexible disk 15, second interferes arm second portion optical fiber 19 distal end faces plating the second high-reflecting films 22, and reflectivity and first interferes arm second portion optical fiber 18 optical fiber connector end face reflection rates identical, first interferes arm second portion optical fiber 18 and second to interfere arm second to interfere arm optical fiber 19 successively to be wound on side by side on fiber optic loop 20, first interferes arm first optical fiber 16 and second to interfere arm first optical fiber 17 isometric, and error in length is ± 1mm that first interferes 50 ~ 200 meters of arm 7 length, Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1 is through the 4th coupling mechanism 9, the 4th isolator 10, the 5th coupling mechanism 11, second interferes arm 12, the second high-reflecting film 22, second interferes arm 12, the 5th coupling mechanism 11, the light path of second isolator 13 to second coupling mechanism the first port 4-1 optical fiber pigtails and Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1 are through the second coupling mechanism 4, the first isolator 5, the 3rd coupling mechanism 6, first interferes arm 7, the first high-reflecting film 21, first interferes arm 7, the difference of the light path of the 3rd isolator 8 to the 4th coupling mechanism the first port 9-1 optical fiber pigtails is less than 10 μ m.
as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8, make Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1 through the 4th coupling mechanism 9, the 4th isolator 10, the 5th coupling mechanism 11, second interferes arm 12, the second high-reflecting film 22, second interferes arm 12, the 5th coupling mechanism 11, the light path of second isolator 13 to second coupling mechanism the first port 4-1 optical fiber pigtails and Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1 are through the second coupling mechanism 4, the first isolator 5, the 3rd coupling mechanism 6, first interferes arm 7, the first high-reflecting film 21, first interferes arm 7, the difference of the light path of the 3rd isolator 8 to the 4th coupling mechanism the first port 9-1 optical fiber pigtails is as follows less than the method for 10 μ m:
1) control the tail optical fiber same length of described the second coupling mechanism 4, the 3rd coupling mechanism 6, the 4th coupling mechanism 9, the 5th coupling mechanism 11, the first isolator 5, the second isolator 13, the 3rd isolator 8, the 4th isolator 10, error ± 1mm;
2) as shown in Figure 5, measure the light path L1 of second coupling mechanism the 3rd port 4-3 to the second coupling mechanism the first port 4-1 optical fiber pigtail with white light interferometer, measure the light path L2 of second coupling mechanism the 3rd port 4-3 to the second coupling mechanism the second port 4-2 optical fiber pigtail with white light interferometer, if | L1-L2|〉1mm, cut this two sections tail optical fibers with optical fiber cutter, measure light path L1, light path L2 with white light interferometer again, repeat above-mentioned cutting process until make | L1-L2|＜1mm; Grind than the optical fiber pigtail of long port with muller, while grind, measure, until | L1-L2|＜10 μ m;
3) as shown in Figure 6, measure the light path L3 of the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port 9-4 to the four coupling mechanism the first port 9-1 optical fiber pigtails with white light interferometer, measure the light path L4 of the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port 9-4 to the four coupling mechanism the second port 9-2 optical fiber pigtails with white light interferometer, if | L3-L4|〉1mm, cut this two sections tail optical fibers with optical fiber cutter, measure light path L3, light path L4 with white light interferometer again, repeat above-mentioned cutting process until make | L3-L4|＜1mm; Grind than the optical fiber pigtail of long port with muller, while grind, measure, until | L3-L4|＜10 μ m;
4) as Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8, measure Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1 through the 4th coupling mechanism 9 with white light interferometer, the 4th isolator 10, the 5th coupling mechanism 11, second interferes arm 12, high-reflecting film 22, second interferes arm 12, the 5th coupling mechanism 11, the light path L5 of second isolator 13 to second coupling mechanism the second port 4-2 optical fiber pigtails, measure Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1 through the second coupling mechanism 4 with white light interferometer, the first isolator 5, the 3rd coupling mechanism 6, first interferes arm 7, high-reflecting film 21, first interferes arm 7, the light path L6 of the 3rd isolator 8 to the 4th coupling mechanism the second port 9-2 optical fiber pigtails, as | L1+L4+L5-L2-L3-L6|〉1mm, interfere arm second portion optical fiber 18 tail optical fibers and second to interfere arm second portion optical fiber 19 tail optical fibers with optical fiber cutter cutting first, again with white light interferometer, measure light path L5, light path L6, repeat above-mentioned cutting process until make | L1+L4+L5-L2-L3-L6|＜1mm, as | L1+L4+L5|〉| L2+L3+L6|, grind second with muller and interfere arm second portion optical fiber 19 tail optical fibers, measure while grinding, until | L1+L4+L5-L2-L3-L6|＜10 μ m, as | L1+L4+L5|＜| L2+L3+L6|, grind first with muller and interfere arm second portion optical fiber 18 tail optical fibers, measure while grinding, until | L1+L4+L5-L2-L3-L6|＜10 μ m,, to first interference arm second portion optical fiber 18 ends plating the first high-reflecting films 21, to second, interfere arm second portion optical fiber 19 ends plating the second high-reflecting films 22.
light path of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2: the light that wide spectrum light source 1 sends enters Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1 through the first coupling mechanism 2, enters respectively Y waveguide modulator both-end port one port 3-2, Y waveguide modulator both-end port another port 3-3, the light that is sent by Y waveguide modulator both-end port one port 3-2 enters the first isolator forward port 5-1 through the second coupling mechanism 4, enter the 3rd coupling mechanism the first port 6-1 through the first isolator reverse port 5-2, enter first by the 3rd coupling mechanism the 4th port 6-4 again and interfere arm 7, light reflects and enters the 3rd coupling mechanism the 4th port 6-4 through the first interference arm second portion optical fiber 18 distal end faces, enter the 3rd isolator forward port 8-1 through the 3rd coupling mechanism the second port 6-2 again, enter the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port 9-4 through the 3rd isolator reverse port 8-2, enter Y waveguide modulator both-end port another port 3-3 by the 4th coupling mechanism the first port 9-1 again, the light that is sent by Y waveguide modulator both-end port another port 3-3 enters the 4th isolator forward port 10-1 through the 4th coupling mechanism 9, enter the 5th coupling mechanism the second port one 1-2 through the 4th isolator reverse port 10-2, enter second by the 5th coupling mechanism the 4th port one 1-4 again and interfere arm 12, light reflects and enters the 5th coupling mechanism the 4th port one 1-4 through the second interference arm second portion optical fiber 19 distal end faces, enter the second isolator forward port 13-1 through the 5th coupling mechanism the first port 11-1 again, enter the second coupling mechanism the 4th port 4-4 through the second isolator reverse port 13-2, enter Y waveguide modulator both-end port one port 3-2 by second coupling mechanism the first port 4-1 again, the light that enters Y waveguide modulator both-end port one port 3-2 converges through Y waveguide modulator single-end port 3-1 with the light that enters Y waveguide modulator both-end port another port 3-3, enter the first coupling the 4th port 2-4, then through first coupling mechanism the second port 2-2, enter detector 14.
Claims (2)
1. reflection type optical fiber accelerometer with the optical fibre gyro compatibility, it is characterized in that: comprise wide spectrum light source, the first coupling mechanism, the second coupling mechanism, the 3rd coupling mechanism, the 4th coupling mechanism, the 5th coupling mechanism, the Y waveguide modulator, the first isolator, the second isolator, the 3rd isolator, the 4th isolator, first interferes arm, second interferes arm, detector (14), the first high-reflecting film (21), the second high-reflecting film (22), coupling mechanism is 2x2 optical-fiber type coupling mechanism, the first port and second port of coupling mechanism are positioned at the coupling mechanism homonymy, the 3rd port and the 4th port are positioned at the coupling mechanism homonymy, the splitting ratio of coupling mechanism is 50:50, the output terminal of wide spectrum light source is connected with first coupling mechanism the first port (2-1), the first coupling mechanism the 4th port (2-4) is connected with Y waveguide modulator single-end port (3-1), Y waveguide modulator both-end port one port (3-2) is connected with second coupling mechanism the first port (4-1), the second coupling mechanism the 3rd port (4-3) is connected with the first isolator forward port (5-1), the second coupling mechanism the 4th port (4-4) is connected with the second isolator reverse port (13-2), the first isolator reverse port (5-2) is connected with the 3rd coupling mechanism the first port (6-1), the 3rd coupling mechanism the 4th port (6-4) and first interferes arm to be connected, first interferes the arm optical fiber connector to be coated with the first high-reflecting film (21), the 3rd coupling mechanism the second port (6-2) is connected with the 3rd isolator forward port (8-1), the 3rd isolator reverse port (8-2) is connected with the 4th coupling mechanism the 4th port (9-4), the 4th coupling mechanism the 3rd port (9-3) is connected with the 4th isolator forward port (10-1), the 4th isolator reverse port (10-2) is connected with the 5th coupling mechanism the second port (11-2), the 5th coupling mechanism the first port (11-1) is connected with the second isolator forward port (13-1), the 5th coupling mechanism the 4th port (11-4) and second interferes arm to be connected, second interferes the arm optical fiber connector to be coated with the second high-reflecting film (22), the 4th coupling mechanism the first port (9-1) is connected with Y waveguide modulator both-end port another port (3-3), first coupling mechanism the second port (2-2) is connected with the input port of detector (14), all coupling mechanisms have neither part nor lot in the port tail optical fiber knotting of connection,
described first interferes arm first optical fiber and second to interfere arm first optical fiber isometric, and error in length is ± 1mm that first interferes 50 ~ 200 meters of brachiums, Y waveguide modulator single-end port is through the 4th coupling mechanism, the 4th isolator, the 5th coupling mechanism, second interferes arm, the second high-reflecting film, second interferes arm, the 5th coupling mechanism, the light path of second isolator to the second coupling mechanism the first port (4-1) optical fiber pigtail and Y waveguide modulator single-end port are through the second coupling mechanism, the first isolator, the 3rd coupling mechanism, first interferes arm, the first high-reflecting film (21), first interferes arm, the difference of the light path of the 3rd isolator to the four coupling mechanism the first port (9-1) optical fiber pigtails is less than 10 μ m.
2. the reflection type optical fiber accelerometer of a kind of and optical fibre gyro compatibility according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first interferes arm (7) to interfere arm first optical fiber (16) and first to interfere arm second portion optical fiber (18) to form by first, first interferes the tight spirality of arm first optical fiber (16) to be coiled on a surface of flexible disk (15), and first interferes arm second portion optical fiber (18) distal end faces plating the first high-reflecting film (21); Described second interferes arm (12) to interfere arm first optical fiber (17) and second to interfere arm second portion optical fiber (19) to form by second, second interferes the tight spirality of arm first optical fiber (17) to be coiled on another surface of flexible disk (15), second interferes arm second portion optical fiber (19) distal end faces plating the second high-reflecting film (22), and reflectivity and first interferes arm second portion optical fiber (18) optical fiber connector end face reflection rate identical; First interferes arm second portion optical fiber (18) and second to interfere arm second to interfere arm optical fiber (19) successively to be wound on side by side on fiber optic loop (20).
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