CN102618445A - Method for producing microalgae grease by using eustigmatoa cf. polyphem and culture method of eustigmatoa cf. polyphem - Google Patents

Method for producing microalgae grease by using eustigmatoa cf. polyphem and culture method of eustigmatoa cf. polyphem Download PDF

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CN102618445A
CN102618445A CN2012101097715A CN201210109771A CN102618445A CN 102618445 A CN102618445 A CN 102618445A CN 2012101097715 A CN2012101097715 A CN 2012101097715A CN 201210109771 A CN201210109771 A CN 201210109771A CN 102618445 A CN102618445 A CN 102618445A
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algae
polyphem
podbielniak
eustigmatoa
culture
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张成武
吴洪
李涛
万凌琳
李爱芬
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Jinan University
University of Jinan
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing microalgae grease by using eustigmatoa cf. polyphem and a culture method of the eustigmatoa cf. polyphem. The eustigmatoa cf. polyphem can promote accumulation of microalgae biomass and total lipid in the shortage of nitrogen, so that the method for culturing the eustigmatoa cf. polyphem by a one-step method to produce the microalgae grease is that: urea or nitrate is selected as a nitrogen source, wherein the nitrogen concentration is 2-6 mM, the culture light intensity is controlled to be 100-600 muE/m<2>s, and the culture period is 8-12 days, and high yield of the eustigmatoa cf. polyphem grease can be realized. Compared with the prior art, the method for producing the microalgae grease by using the eustigmatoa cf. polyphem and the culture method of the eustigmatoa cf. polyphem provided by the invention have the advantages of simple production process and capability of greatly increasing the grease yield of the eustigmatoa cf. polyphem.

Description

Utilize the true eyespot algae of type Podbielniak to produce the method and the cultural method thereof of microalgae grease
Technical field
The present invention relates to little algae field, be meant that exactly the true eyespot algae of a kind of type of utilization Podbielniak produces the method and the cultural method thereof of microalgae grease.
Background technology
Along with the exhaustion day by day of global fossil energy and running down of environmental problem, seek a kind of focus that renewable, environmentally friendly energy form becomes various countries scientist concern that continues.Biofuel is one type of mixture by plant, animal or microbial oil and formed monoalkyl fatty acid methyl ester of low-carbon alcohol generation transesterification or ethyl ester.In numerous renewable energy sources (wind energy, Geothermal energy, water ability, sun power, sea energy); Biofuel has high similarity with it at aspects such as energy density, incendivity and petrifaction diesel; And have and be prone to degraded, not sulfur-bearing and aromatic compounds, characteristic such as environmentally friendly; Receive the extensive concern of countries in the world government, be considered to the substitute of the tool potentiality of petrifaction diesel.
At present, the grease of catering trade waste grease and high oil crops is the main raw material of preparation biofuel.The catering trade waste grease is the sub product of modern catering trade; Along with developing rapidly of catering trade; The oil-containing waste water that catering trade is discharged increases year by year, and pollution on the environment constantly increases the weight of, simultaneously; There is the lawless person to be sold to resident and food stalls as edible oil, has a strong impact on the healthy of people through reclaiming the processing waste cooking oil.Therefore, the development preparing biodiesel by food and beverage waste oil, for the pollution that controls environment, the guarantee people's is healthy significant.Utilize the technical process of waste cooking oil production biofuel to comprise: the preparatory esterification → transesterification reaction of physical refining → methyl alcohol → gravitational settling, washing and layering → glycerine separate the acquisition with refining biodiesel of deviating from the disengaging of the deviating from of the acquisition → moisture content of rough methyl esters → methyl alcohol, catalyzer.Both at home and abroad many enterprises implement have been arranged and utilized the industrialization of waste cooking oil production biofuel, but up-to-date report shows that domestic most production of biodiesel enterprise has been absorbed in half end-of-life state, reason is waste cooking oil price increase, raw material purchase difficulty.Therefore, still there is bigger problem in waste cooking oil as the raw materials for production of biofuel.
The greasy synthetic only light requirement of higher plant can and inorganic carbon and the occurring in nature reserves are big, form is many; It is comparatively ideal raw material (soybean, rape, sunflower seeds, Cortex jatrophae etc.) of production of biodiesel; But this is the production of biodiesel mode on basis with the traditional agriculture, not only need take a large amount of grain lands used, yield poorly, and can produce certain impact to edible oil market; Therefore, can not satisfy the demand of biofuel industry to the raw material sustainable growth.
That to be that a type systematic takes place different, individual is less for little algae, be generally unicellular or colony, can carry out photosynthetic aquatic (or Lu Sheng, gas give birth to, symbiosis) lower plant, be the nature origin the earliest, the widest, the kind of distributing and the maximum biomass resource of quantity.Under certain condition, many little algaes can accumulate the storage property triacylglycerol more than 50% above dried cell weight.Little algae is biological as a kind of novel oil plant; With respect to the Lu Sheng oil crops; Have that cellularstructure is simple, photosynthetic efficiency is high, growth velocity is fast, but the unit surface grease yield is high, can synthesize high value added product, can in waste water, grow, advantage such as absorbing carbon dioxide (power station, cement mill etc.) environment purification simultaneously, has become the focus of bioenergy research field concern.
At present only there are 4 patents to relate to the protection of the little algae algae of high produce oil strain: 1) Wu Qingyu (Tsing-Hua University; 2008) patent of invention; Prothecium chlorella (the Chlorella protothecoides 0710 that one strain fat content is high and can carry out the heterotrophism cultivation is disclosed; Do not see algae kind preservation information), its dry weight can reach 108gL -1, total lipid content 61%dw; 2) Hu Hongying (Tsing-Hua University) disclosed a chlorella (algae kind preservation registration number CGMCC NO.3037) and a strain grid algae (algae kind preservation registration number CGMCCNO.3036) respectively at 2009 and 2010, and it can be grown in municipal effluent and carry out the production of biofuel; 3) (China tropic Agriculture Academy Sciences tropic Biotechnology Research Institute, 2010 disclose a plant height produce oil chlorella mutant strain (algae kind preservation registration number CCTCC NO.M2010170) to Deng Xiaodong, but its living weight only has 0.4gL -1, fat content is up to dry weight 40%, does not possess industrialization potential.
Summary of the invention
To above-mentioned defective, the technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide the true eyespot algae of a kind of type of utilization Podbielniak to produce the method and the cultural method thereof of microalgae grease, and its production technique is simple, significantly the grease yield of the true eyespot algae of type of raising Podbielniak.
In order to solve above technical problem, the provided by the invention type of true eyespot algae of Podbielniak, it can be applied to produce microalgae grease.
The method that the true eyespot algae of a kind of type of utilization Podbielniak produces microalgae grease comprises the steps:
1) obtain the algae kind by algae kind holding room after, place the 500mL culturing bottle to leave standstill the algae kind that obtains and cultivated 3-5 days, be transferred to then to continue to leave standstill in the culturing bottle of 1000ml and cultivated 3-5 days, treat algae liquid optical density(OD) OD 750After reaching 1.5, carry out the operation of second step;
2) aerobic culture in algae strain to the column bioreactor in the transfer " step 1 ", gas concentration lwevel is 1-5% in the feeding gas, cultivating light intensity is 150-200 μ E/m 2S.
3) on the basis of " step 2 ", amplification culture is proceeded in the algae strain, and pressed inoculative proportion 20-30%, calculate the amount of required algae liquid;
4) treat algae liquid optical density(OD) OD 750After reaching 2.5, change over to and carry out large-scale cultivation in the outdoor bioreactor;
5) to select urea or nitrate salt for use be nitrogenous source to large-scale cultivation, and the nitrogen concentration of element is 2-6mM, and it is 100-600 μ E/m that light intensity is cultivated in control 2S, culture cycle 8-12 days.
Preferably, in " step 1 ", after algae kind holding room acquisition algae kind, utilize the strain of microscopic examination algae earlier, cultivate again whether by other little algaes, protozoon or fungal contamination.
In addition, the present invention also provides the cultural method of the true eyespot algae of a kind Podbielniak, wherein:
The culture environment condition: suitable growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, and intensity of illumination is 30-600 μ E/m 2S, pH are 6-8;
Cultivate nutritional condition: a) .NaNO 3300-1500mg/L or NH 2-CO-NH 2150-750mg/L; B) .K 2HPO 43H 2O 20-100mg/L; C) .MgSO 47H 2O 50-80mg/L; D) .CaCl 22H 2O30-50mg/L; E) .NaCO 310-30mg/L; F) .FeCl 36H 2O 2-6mg/L; G) .Citric acid 4-8mg/L; H) .EDTANa 22-5mg/L; I) .H 3BO 32-4mg/L; J) .MnCl 24H 2O1-2mg/L; K) .ZnSO 47H 2O 0.1-0.3mg/L; L) .Na 2MoO 42H 2O 0.2-0.4mg/L; M) .Co (NO 3) 26H 2O 0.02-0.05mg/L; N) .CuSO 45H 2O 0.06-0.09mg/L.
Compared with prior art, the true eyespot algae of type Podbielniak provided by the invention technology of carrying out production of biodiesel has the following advantages:
1) type living weight of the true eyespot algae of Podbielniak under the normal cultured condition can reach more than the 8.0g/L; After it is coerced cultivation; Its total lipid content can account for 66% (being triacylglycerol TAG mostly) of dried cell weight; Fatty acid compositional analysis finds that the lipid acid of type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak is main with C16:0 and C18:1, the suitable production biofuel that is used for;
2) contain above the EPA of total fatty acids 8.6% and the β-Hu Luobusu of dried cell weight 6.0% in type true eyespot frustule of Podbielniak; When utilizing type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak production biofuel; Can also carry out the production of EPA and β-Hu Luobusu, improve the utilization ratio of frond;
3) type true eyespot frustule of Podbielniak is simple in structure, can improve its grease yield through changing envrionment conditions or carrying out the directional transformation of genes involved;
4) utilize the large-scale cultivation that bioreactor can the true eyespot algae of type of realization Podbielniak, can reduce the restriction of season and region.
Description of drawings
The form of the true eyespot algae of Fig. 1 type of being Podbielniak vegetative cell;
The true eyespot frustule of Fig. 2 type of being Podbielniak divisional mode, wherein: A. cell binary fission, the quaternary fission of B. cell, eight divisions of C. cell, 16 divisions of D. cell;
The true eyespot algae of Fig. 3 class Podbielniak accumulates the processes of oil bodies and carrotenoid in a large number along with the mesotrophic continuous consumption of nutrient solution in the cell;
The growth curve of the true eyespot algae of Fig. 4 type of being Podbielniak;
The time phase change of total lipid content in the true eyespot frustule of Fig. 5 type of being Podbielniak.
Embodiment
For those skilled in the art can understand technical scheme provided by the present invention better, set forth below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Patent of the present invention provides a kind of little algae and cultural method thereof of the high produce oil energy; This little algae latin name type of being true eyespot algae of Podbielniak (Eustigmatoscf.polyphem), on September 13rd, 2011 " China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms " center " preservation success; Address: DSMZ of Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica; Culture presevation number: CGMCCNo.5247.
The true eyespot Trentepohlia of class Podbielniak is in true eyespot algae guiding principle (Eustigmatophyceae), true eyespot Cutleriales (Eustigmatales), true eyespot algae section (Eustigmataceae), true eyespot Trentepohlia (Eustigmatos); Cell is spherical or subsphaeroidal; Size is usually at 10-11 μ m; Some cells can reach 20-35 μ m in the culturing process, have relatively large, a subglobose vacuole in the cell, wherein contain vibratile PM for particulate matter and diameter chromatoplast (Fig. 1) at 3-5 μ m; Its color changes to sorrel from sallow-brown, along with the prolongation of incubation time can become big deepening; One Zhousheng drastic crack shape chloroplast(id) is arranged in the cell; Modes of reproduction forms the autospore of 2 D shapes or 4 tetragonal bodies usually, or forms 8 to 16 spherule cells (Fig. 2), and the main pigment of frustule consists of: chlorophyll a, violaxanthin, vaucheriaxanthin, β-carrotenoid.
Find through a large amount of research work: the living weight of type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak can reach 8.0g/L above (Fig. 4), and after it was carried out nutrition and coerces cultivation, its total lipid content can account for 66% (Fig. 5) of dried cell weight; Wherein, Neutral fat content surpasses 90% of total fat, and the lipid acid of type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak is main with C16:0 and C18:1, the suitable production biofuel that is used for; And its cell volume is bigger, is easy to gather.Also contain above the EPA of total fatty acids 8.6% and the β-Hu Luobusu of dried cell weight 6% in the true eyespot frustule of class Podbielniak; When utilizing type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak production biofuel; Can carry out the production of EPA and β-Hu Luobusu; Improve the utilising efficiency of frustule, can reduce the production cost of biofuel to a certain extent.
The true eyespot algae of Fig. 3 type of being Podbielniak accumulates the processes of oil bodies and carrotenoid in a large number along with the mesotrophic continuous consumption of nutrient solution in the cell, can be found out by figure: A. logarithm vegetative cell in early stage has tangible chloroplast(id) for green; B. individual bigger cell, cell tool red pigments district and vibratile small-particle; C. individual bigger cell, it is big that cell red pigments district becomes; D. individual bigger cell, cell begins to form oil body; E. individual bigger cell, the little oil body of a large amount of formation in the cell; F. oil body is fused into bigger oil body in the cell.
The present invention provides the cultural method of the true eyespot algae of a kind Podbielniak, wherein:
Envrionment conditions: suitable growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, and intensity of illumination is 30-600 μ E/m 2S, pH are 6-8.
Nutritional condition: a) .NaNO 3300-1500mg/L or NH 2-CO-NH 2150-750mg/L; B) .K 2HPO 43H 2O 20-100mg/L; C) .MgSO 47H 2O 50-80mg/L; D) .CaCl 22H 2O 30-50mg/L; E) .NaCO 310-30mg/L; F) .FeCl 36H 2O 2-6mg/L; G) .Citricacid 4-8mg/L; H) .EDTANa 22-5mg/L; I) .H 3BO 32-4mg/L; J) .MnCl 24H 2O 1-2mg/L; K) .ZnSO 47H 2O 0.1-0.3mg/L; L) .Na 2MoO 42H 2O 0.2-0.4mg/L; M) .Co (NO 3) 26H 2O 0.02-0.05mg/L; N) .CuSO 45H 2O 0.06-0.09mg/L.
The present invention provides a kind of type of utilization Podbielniak method that true eyespot algae produces microalgae grease, comprises the steps:
1) by after the algae kind holding room acquisition algae kind; At first utilize the strain of microscopic examination algae whether by other little algaes, protozoon or fungal contamination; Placing the 500mL culturing bottle to leave standstill the algae kind that obtains then cultivated 3-5 days; Be transferred to then to continue to leave standstill in the culturing bottle of 1000ml and cultivated 3-5 days, treat algae liquid optical density(OD) OD 750After reaching 1.5, carry out the operation of second step;
2) aerobic culture in algae strain to the column bioreactor in the transfer " step 1 ", the gas concentration lwevel that feeds gas is 1-5%, cultivating light intensity is 150-200 μ E/m 2S;
3) on the basis of " step 2 ", amplification culture is proceeded in the algae strain, and pressed inoculative proportion 20-30%, calculate the amount of required algae liquid;
4) treat algae liquid optical density(OD) OD 750After reaching 2.5, change over to and carry out large-scale cultivation in the outdoor bioreactor;
5) culture condition that large-scale cultivation adopted is different from the culture condition in the 1-3 step, and it is nitrogenous source that large-scale cultivation is selected urea or nitrate salt for use, and the nitrogen concentration of element is 2-6mM, and it is 100-600 μ E/m that light intensity is cultivated in control 2S, culture cycle 8-12 days.
Utilize the grease production ability of the true eyespot algae of dull and stereotyped reactor evaluations class Podbielniak of two kinds of different sizes, the technical parameter of two kinds of dull and stereotyped bioreactors of specification is following:
(1) the dull and stereotyped bioreactor group of 78L is made up of 4 reactor units that are interconnected, each unitary 3cm * 60cm * 240cm that is of a size of, and 78 liters of TVs, fluorescent lamp provides light source, and intensity of illumination is about 400 μ E/m 2S;
(2) the dull and stereotyped bioreactor group of 156L is made up of 4 reactor units that are interconnected, each unitary 6cm * 60cm * 240cm that is of a size of, and 156 liters of TVs, fluorescent lamp provides light source, and intensity of illumination is about 400 μ E/m 2S.
Utilize the dull and stereotyped bioreactor of two kinds of specifications to estimate type oil productive capacity of the true eyespot algae of Podbielniak as follows:
Selection SODIUMNITRATE is nitrogenous source, and two kinds of nitrogen concentrations of 6.0mmol/L and 3.6mmol/L are set, and utilizes the reactor drum of above-mentioned two kinds of specifications to cultivate, and culture cycle 18 days is shown in showing on the result of study.Can know by last table, the grease productive rate of type true eyespot algae of the Podbielniak grease productive rate in the 78L bioreactor in the bioreactor of 156L, when nitrogen concentration was 3.6mmol/L, unit surface grease productive rate was 122.7g/m 2D, far above the land oil crops, therefore, type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak is the strain of the very potential energy algae of a strain.
Utilize the not cultivation of the true eyespot algae of freshwater microalgae substratum type of carrying out Podbielniak of improvement, can not reach optimum grease productive rate.Patent of the present invention proposes a kind of single stage method training mode on a large amount of optimization Test bases, its production technique is simple, significantly the grease yield of the true eyespot algae of type of raising Podbielniak.Generally, nitrogen lacks and helps the accumulation of microalgae grease, but is unfavorable for the growth of little algae; And the sufficient growth that promotes little algae of nitrogen; But can suppress the accumulation of microalgae grease, and type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak differs from above-mentioned universal law, it can promote the accumulation of micro algae biomass and total fat when nitrogen lacks.We discover the urea growth of the true eyespot algae of type of helping Podbielniak equally; Therefore; The method that single stage method is cultivated the true eyespot algae production of type Podbielniak microalgae grease is: selecting urea or nitrate salt for use is nitrogenous source, and the nitrogen concentration of element is 2-6mM, and it is 100-600 μ E/m that light intensity is cultivated in control 2S, culture cycle 8-12 days, can the greasy high yield of the true eyespot algae of type of realization Podbielniak.
Compared with prior art, the true eyespot algae of type Podbielniak provided by the invention technology of carrying out production of biodiesel has the following advantages:
1) type living weight of the true eyespot algae of Podbielniak under the normal cultured condition can reach more than the 8.0g/L; After it is coerced cultivation; Its total lipid content can account for 66% (being triacylglycerol TAG mostly) of dried cell weight; Fatty acid compositional analysis finds that the lipid acid of type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak is main with C16:0 and C18:1, the suitable production biofuel that is used for;
2) contain above the EPA of total fatty acids 8.6% and the β-Hu Luobusu of dried cell weight 6.0% in type true eyespot frustule of Podbielniak; When utilizing type true eyespot algae of Podbielniak production biofuel; Can also carry out the production of EPA and β-Hu Luobusu, improve the utilization ratio of frond;
3) type true eyespot frustule of Podbielniak is simple in structure, can improve its grease yield through changing envrionment conditions or carrying out the directional transformation of genes involved;
4) utilize the large-scale cultivation that bioreactor can the true eyespot algae of type of realization Podbielniak, can reduce the restriction of season and region.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous concerning those skilled in the art, and defined General Principle can realize under the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments among this paper.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this paper, but will meet and principle disclosed herein and features of novelty the wideest corresponding to scope.

Claims (4)

1. the true eyespot algae of a kind Podbielniak (Eustigmatos cf.polyphem) is characterized in that it can be applied to produce microalgae grease.
2. one kind is utilized type method that the true eyespot algae of Podbielniak (Eustigmatos cf.polyphem) produces microalgae grease, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) obtain the algae kind by algae kind holding room after, place the 500mL culturing bottle to leave standstill and cultivated 3-5 days, be transferred to then to continue to leave standstill in the culturing bottle of 1000ml and cultivated 3-5 days, treat algae liquid optical density(OD) OD 750After reaching 1.5, carry out the operation of second step;
2) aerobic culture in algae strain to the column bioreactor in the transfer " step 1 ", gas concentration lwevel is 1-5% in the feeding gas, cultivating light intensity is 150-200 μ E/m 2S.
3) on the basis of " step 2 ", amplification culture is proceeded in the algae strain, and pressed inoculative proportion 20-30%, calculate the amount of required algae liquid;
4) treat algae liquid optical density(OD) OD 750After reaching 2.5, change over to and carry out large-scale cultivation in the outdoor bioreactor;
5) to select urea or nitrate salt for use be nitrogenous source to large-scale cultivation, and the nitrogen concentration of element is 2-6mM, and it is 100-600 μ E/m that light intensity is cultivated in control 2S, culture cycle 8-12 days.
3. the method for utilizing the true eyespot algae of type Podbielniak to produce microalgae grease according to claim 2; It is characterized in that, in " step 1 ", after algae kind holding room acquisition algae kind; Utilize the strain of microscopic examination algae whether by other little algaes, protozoon or fungal contamination earlier, cultivate again.
4. the cultural method of the true eyespot algae of a kind Podbielniak is characterized in that, wherein:
The culture environment condition: suitable growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, and intensity of illumination is 30-600 μ E/m 2S, pH are 6-8;
Nutritional condition is: a) .NaNO 3300-1500mg/L or NH 2-CO-NH 2150-750mg/L; B) .K 2HPO 43H 2O 20-100mg/L; C) .MgSO 47H 2O 50-80mg/L; D) .CaCl 22H 2O 30-50mg/L; E) .NaCO 310-30mg/L; F) .FeCl 36H 2O 2-6mg/L; G) .Citric acid 4-8mg/L; H) .EDTANa 22-5mg/L; I) .H 3BO 32-4mg/L; J) .MnCl 24H 2O 1-2mg/L; K) .ZnSO 47H 2O 0.1-0.3mg/L; L) .Na 2MoO 42H 2O 0.2-0.4mg/L; M) .Co (NO 3) 26H 2O 0.02-0.05mg/L; N) .CuSO 45H 2O 0.06-0.09mg/L.
CN2012101097715A 2012-04-13 2012-04-13 Method for producing microalgae grease by using eustigmatoa cf. polyphem and culture method of eustigmatoa cf. polyphem Pending CN102618445A (en)

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