CN102615380A - Welding process of ultra-supercritical fossil power unit for welding SA335-P91/P92 steel - Google Patents
Welding process of ultra-supercritical fossil power unit for welding SA335-P91/P92 steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a welding process of an ultra-supercritical fossil power unit for welding SA335-P91/P92 steel. The process is characterized by comprising three aspects of preparation before welding, welding parameter optimization and welding process optimization. In workpiece selection, a manual arc welding electrode is used as a welding workpiece; in welding bead arrangement, a welding bead is arranged in a double V-shaped or U-shaped groove shape, and the surface of the groove is cleaned; contra-aperture assembly is carried out, pipelines to be welded are arranged in the welding bead, each section of pipeline is propped firmly after contra-aperture connection, and the requirements on the contra-aperture of each section of pipeline are that: the staggered joint is 0.1-1.0mm, the gap is 3.0-4.0mm, and the truncated edge is 1.5-2.0mm; a large-diameter thick-wall pipe is fixed in the groove by a positioning block; and a welding area is preheated before welding, and then multi-layer welding bead welding is carried out in a GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) and SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) combined welding method. According to the welding process disclosed by the invention, a multi-layer welding bead welding technology with a small-dimension electrode, a small current parameter and small swing is adopted, the impact toughness of a weld joint is improved, and the first-pass yield of welding can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding procedure, especially the welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel.Belong to the fired power generating unit welding technology field.
Background technology
Along with development of electric power industry and the growing interest of the whole world to environmental problem, practice thrift primary energy, strengthen environmental protection reduces the harmful exhaust discharging, reduces global greenhouse effect, has caused great attention both domestic and external.Improve the thermal efficiency of fired power generating unit, adopting overcritical, ultra supercritical unit is one of antipollution effective way.Resource-conserving, environmentally friendly unit are the new trends of steam power plant.
In the prior art, the raising of large-size thermal power plant boiler unit parameter mainly relies on new type steel.During the sixties in last century, the trial that improves unit parameter was arranged abroad, but the not success of invar equipment structure problem have to return to 540 ℃ of these canonical parameters of the left and right sides with parameter at last.Up to the nineties, along with the appearance of P91/P92 New Heat-Resistant Steel, the raising of unit parameter just becomes possibility.But the appearance of these New Heat-Resistant Steel is for welding job has proposed new welding problem.
At present, the problem that the welding of SA335-P91 steel exists is following: the generation of (1) heat affected area hardened structure, because the critical cooling rate of P91 steel is low; Stabilization of austenite is very big; Normal perlitic transformation be difficult for to take place during cooling, thereby martensite transfor mation has taken place when being cooled to lower temperature, on the one hand; Because the various tissues of heat affected area have different density, the coefficient of expansion and different form crystal lattices, can be in the heating and cooling process with different volumetric expansions and contraction; On the other hand, because weld heating has inhomogeneous and temperature is high, so P91 welding point internal stress is very big, because the austenite of P91 is very stable, thick martensitic structure is crisp and hard, and joint is under the complex stress condition again; To the diffusion of nearly seam district, the existence of hydrogen has impelled the martensite embrittlement to hydrogen by weld seam in the weld seam cooling procedure, and the result of its comprehensive function is easy to the generation cold crack in the quenched zone.(2) heat affected area grain growth; Thermal Cycle has great influence to the grain growth of welding point heat affected area; Particularly be close to heating-up temperature and reach the highest fusion area; When cooling velocity hour, thick granular ferrite and carbide tissue can appear at welding heat affected zone, the plasticity of steel is obviously descended; When cooling velocity is big,, also can make the welding point decrease ductility owing to produced thick martensitic structure; (3) generation of soften layer, P91 steel are welded under quality adjustment condition, and it is inevitable that the heat affected area produces soften layer, and softening even more serious than pearlite heatproof steel.When with heating and cooling speed all more slowly during standard, softening degree is bigger, in addition, the width of soften layer and its distance from melt run, not only relevant, also relevant with preheating, post weld heat treatment etc. with the heating condition and the characteristics of welding; (4) stress corrosion cracking (SCC), P91 steel are before post weld heat treatment, and chilling temperature generally is not less than 100 ℃; If cooling at room temperature; And environment stress corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs when relatively moister easily, before post weld heat treatment, must be cooled to below 150 ℃; Thicker at workpiece, have angle welding to exist and situation that physical dimension is bad under, chilling temperature is not less than 100 ℃.If at room temperature humidity is forbidden in cooling, otherwise is easy to generate stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
At present; There is following problem in the welding of SA335-P92 steel: the toughness of (1) weld seam is lower than mother metal; The P92 steel is owing to added the W element; Also sacrificed toughness when playing solution strengthening, W also is the element that forms delta ferrite simultaneously, exists delta ferrite then can seriously influence the impact flexibility of weld seam in the weld seam.The ballistic work test of abroad P92, P122, E911, P91 steel (four kinds of steel have only P91 not contain W) having been done respectively to move 10,000 hours, the ballistic work of finding these several kinds of steel are reduced to 70,40,60,180 by original 150,125,180,240 respectively.Can find out that from above numeral the ballistic work that contains the W steel descended significantly in 10,000 hours; Therefore; The ballistic work influence of W element butt welded seam is even more serious, and weld seam is the cast structure that is cooled down by the very high molten condition of temperature in addition, and it is had no chance through the TMCP process; Crystal grain can not get refinement, micro alloying element is not fully separated out yet, and its toughness is more far short of what is expected than mother metal; (2) welding crack sensibility is lower than traditional jessop; (3) have significantly timeliness tendency, the P92 steel is after 3000 hours timeliness, and its toughness decline is many.Dropped to about 70J about the 220J of the ballistic work of P92 steel before the timeliness, after 3000 hours timeliness, the tendency that ballistic work continues to descend is not obvious, and ballistic work will be stabilized in 3000 hours level of timeliness.
Overcritical (SC) and ultra supercritical (USC) high pressure high temperature turbosets are its current key strategy developing direction; Appearance along with more high parameter generating set; The application of SA335-P91 and the novel jessop of SA335-P92 steel will be more and more widely; Grasp the solder technology of SA335-P91 and the novel jessop of SA335-P92 steel early; Guarantee unit equipment construction, operation, repair quality, for the continuing of Guangdong Province enterprise, safety, stable operation provide powerful guarantee to seem very urgent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve the problem that the welding of prior art SA335-P91/P92 steel exists, to provide a kind of ballistic work that can guarantee to reach the welding procedure of the ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel of 410J.
The object of the invention can reach through following technical scheme:
The welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel is characterized in that: comprise the preceding preparation of weldering, welding parameter optimization and three aspects of welding technology optimization and welding,
1) prepares before the weldering
Select workpiece, adopt manual arc electrode as welding work pieces;
Welding bead is set, welding bead is arranged to two V-arrangements or U-shaped groove shape, and the surface of groove is cleared up;
Carry out the counterpart assembling, pipeline to be welded is positioned in the aforementioned welding bead, each segment pipe counterpart connects the back pad puts firmly, and the requirement of each pipeline counterpart is: mismatch 0.1～1.0mm, and the gap is 3.0～4.0mm, root face 1.5～2.0mm;
To big footpath thick-walled pipe, adopt locating piece point solid in groove;
2) welding parameter optimization
Select welding current, the size of welding current to confirm, can not cause incomplete fusion, lack of penetration or be difficult to control the defective of figuration of bead, formation overlap because electric current is too little to guarantee weld according to selected mother metal thickness and wlding specification;
Select speed of welding, select speed of welding, make weld possess enough fusion penetrations with molten wide according to workpiece material and thickness, welding current and preheat temperature;
3) welding technology optimization and welding
At first weld preceding preheating, implement before the weldering welding zone to be carried out preheating, preheat temperature is 200～250 ℃;
Adopt the welding method of GTAW GTAW and manual electric arc welding SMAW combination to carry out the welding of multilayer welding bead then; Interlayer temperature is 200～300 ℃; The parameter of multilayer welding bead is following: the number of plies is 4～12 layers, and the welding current of each layer is 90～120A, and arc voltage is 10～15V; Speed of welding is 45～165mm/min, and welding method is GTAW GTAW or manual electric arc welding SMAW.
The object of the invention can also reach through following technical scheme:
A kind of Technological improvement plan of the present invention is: the multilayer welding bead welding described in the step 3), and the parameter of multilayer welding bead is following: the number of plies is 8 layers, the 1st～2 layer of arc welding layer; Select the welding rod of Φ 2.4mm for use; Adopt dc source just connecing method, welding current is 90～120A, and arc voltage is 10～15V; Speed of welding is 45～65mm/min, and welding method is a GTAW; The 3rd layer of arc welding layer selected the welding rod of Φ 2.5mm for use, adopts the dc source opposition method, and welding current is 90～110A, and arc voltage is 10～15V, and speed of welding is 100～130mm/min, and welding method is manual electric arc welding SMAW; The 4th～8 layer of arc welding layer selected the welding rod of Φ 3.2mm for use, adopts the dc source opposition method, and welding current is 90～110A, and arc voltage is 10～15V, and speed of welding is 130～165mm/min, and welding method is manual electric arc welding SMAW.
A kind of Technological improvement plan of the present invention is: the material of the manual arc electrode described in the step 1) can be Thermanit MTS 616 or CHROMET92.
A kind of Technological improvement plan of the present invention is: the locating piece described in the step 1), its material can be selected Q235 steel or 16Mn steel for use.
A kind of Technological improvement plan of the present invention is: to the locating piece described in the step 1), when being welded to this locating piece, remove this locating piece, and solder joint is polished with abrasive machine, with the naked eye reach the low power magnifying glass then and observe, confirm just to continue welding behind the flawless.
A kind of Technological improvement plan of the present invention is: every layer of weld size of the 1st～2 layer of arc welding layer described in the step 3) can be 4mm * 2.5mm.
A kind of Technological improvement plan of the present invention is: the weld size of the 3rd layer of arc welding layer possibly be 6mm * 2.5mm described in the step 3).
A kind of Technological improvement plan of the present invention is: the weld size of the 4th～8 layer of arc welding layer described in the step 3) can be 8mm * 2.5～3mm.
The present invention has following outstanding beneficial effect:
1, the present invention adopts " three is little by more than one, thin and fast " in ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91 and P92 steel process; Promptly adopt the solder technology of small dimension welding rod, little current parameters, little swing, multilayer (road) welding, can increase substantially the welding first-time qualification rate.
2. the present invention has and improves the heat treatment temperature input technology, confirms preheating, interlayer temperature and has improved the beneficial effect of the accuracy of heat treatment temperature.Gather comparative analysis through experimental study and field Welding technical data; The present invention can be applied in the work of large-scale thermal power machine bond pads; Problems of welded quality in can efficiently solving long-term puzzlement large-scale thermal power machine group installation and overhauling; Improve the unit equipment reliability, obtained favorable economic benefit and social benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the groove processing sketch map of the specific embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure sketch map of Thermanit MTS 616 deposited metals after 740 ℃ of following tempering of the specific embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure sketch map of Thermanit MTS 616 deposited metals after 770 ℃ of following tempering of the specific embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the influence sketch map of the temperature of the specific embodiment of the invention 1 to Thermanit MTS 616 hardness;
Fig. 5 is the groove processing sketch map of the specific embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 6 is the tack welding sketch map of the specific embodiment of the invention 2.
The specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1:
Fig. 1-Fig. 4 constitutes specific embodiment 1 of the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, present embodiment comprises the preceding preparation of weldering, welding parameter optimization and three aspects of welding technology optimization and welding,
1) prepares before the weldering
Select workpiece, adopt manual arc electrode as welding work pieces;
Welding bead is set, welding bead is arranged to the double-V groove shape, and the surface of groove is cleared up;
Carry out the counterpart assembling, pipeline to be welded is positioned in the aforementioned welding bead, each segment pipe counterpart connects the back pad puts firmly, and the requirement of each pipeline counterpart is: mismatch 0.1～1.0mm, and the gap is 3.0～4.0mm, root face 1.5～2.0mm;
To big footpath thick-walled pipe, adopt locating piece point solid in groove;
2) welding parameter optimization
Select welding current, the size of welding current to confirm, can not cause incomplete fusion, lack of penetration or be difficult to control the defective of figuration of bead, formation overlap because electric current is too little to guarantee weld according to selected mother metal thickness and wlding specification;
Select speed of welding, select speed of welding, make weld possess enough fusion penetrations with molten wide according to workpiece material and thickness, welding current and preheat temperature;
3) welding technology optimization and welding
At first weld preceding preheating, implement before the weldering welding zone to be carried out preheating, preheat temperature is 200～250 ℃;
Adopt the welding method of GTAW GTAW and manual electric arc welding SMAW combination to carry out the welding of multilayer welding bead then; Interlayer temperature is 200～300 ℃; The parameter of multilayer welding bead is following: the number of plies is 4～12 layers, and the welding current of each layer is 90～120A, and arc voltage is 10～15V; Speed of welding is 45～165mm/min, and welding method is GTAW GTAW or manual electric arc welding SMAW.
In the present embodiment:
Multilayer welding bead welding described in the step 3), the parameter of multilayer welding bead is following: the number of plies is 8 layers, the 1st～2 layer of arc welding layer; Select the welding rod of Φ 2.4mm for use; Adopt dc source just connecing method, welding current is 90～120A, and arc voltage is 10～15V; Speed of welding is 45～65mm/min, and welding method is a GTAW; The 3rd layer of arc welding layer selected the welding rod of Φ 2.5mm for use, adopts the dc source opposition method, and welding current is 90～110A, and arc voltage is 10～15V, and speed of welding is 100～130mm/min, and welding method is manual electric arc welding SMAW; The 4th～8 layer of arc welding layer selected the welding rod of Φ 3.2mm for use, adopts the dc source opposition method, and welding current is 90～110A, and arc voltage is 10～15V, and speed of welding is 130～165mm/min, and welding method is manual electric arc welding SMAW.
Adopt manual arc electrode as welding work pieces, material is Thermanit MTS616;
Welding rod is processed into two V-arrangements, and its bevel angle is 70 °, and groove face is cleared up;
The counterpart assembling: the pipeline pad is put firmly, pipeline counterpart mismatch 0.1～1.0mm, the gap is 3.0～4.0mm; Root face 1.5～2.0mm during the thick-walled pipe tack welding of big footpath, adopts locating piece point solid in groove; Its material is selected Q235 or 16Mn steel for use, when being welded to this locating piece, removes this locating piece; And solder joint polished with abrasive machine, with the naked eye reach the low power magnifying glass then and observe, confirm just to continue to weld behind the flawless;
Fill and weld: before the welding welding zone is carried out preheating, preheating can improve weldering speed, therefore can reduce the molten pool metal time of staying or minimizing alloying element scaling loss at high temperature; Increase simultaneously the stirring fusion ability in molten bath again; Be beneficial to gas and overflow, prevent to produce pore, can also suitably reduce welding current; Its preheat temperature is 200～250 ℃; Adopt the welding method of GTAW and SMAW combination to carry out the welding of multilayer welding bead then, interlayer temperature is 200～300 ℃, and the concrete parameter of each layer welding bead is following:
Need explanation to be: GTAW refers to GTAW, and SMAW refers to manual electric arc welding, and ThermaitMTS66 and CHROMET92 are the import welding rod brands of two routines, is a kind of welding rod of welding SA335-P92 steel, and Q235 is the trade mark of domestic steel.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the metallographic structure after the tempering under 740 ℃ and 770 ℃ of two kinds of temperature of Thermanit MTS 616 deposited metals compares, and the low deposited metal of Ac1 temperature is the pattern of forfeiture lath martensite in tempering more easily; The anti-tempering ability of the weld metal that Ac1 is high is stronger.
Every layer of weld size of the 1st～2 layer of arc welding layer is 4mm * 2.5mm; The weld size of the 3rd layer of arc welding layer is 6mm * 2.5mm; The weld size of the 4th～8 layer of arc welding layer is 8mm * 2.5～3mm.
Present embodiment is through mechanical test, and impact flexibility and each technical indicator value are all qualified, shown in following table 1 and table 6.
Table 1:SA335-P91 welding condition
Table 2:SA335-P92 welding condition
Table 3: core diameter, welding current, individual layer bead thickness welding quality influence the testing program table
Table 4: measuring mechanical property table
Table 5: adopt φ 3.2mm and φ 4.0mm welding rod soldering test table
Table 6: adopt φ 2.5mm and φ 3.2mm welding rod soldering test table
Specific embodiment 2:
With reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the principal character of the specific embodiment of the invention 2 is: welding bead is arranged to the double-V groove shape, and the surface of groove is cleared up, welding rod material is CHROMET92.All the other are with specific embodiment 1.
The P91 steel is equivalent to GB 10Cr9Mo1VNb, and this steel not only has high antioxygenic property and high temperature resistance steam corrosion performance, but also has good impact flexibility and high and stable rupture ductility and heat resistance ability.When serviceability temperature was lower than 620 ℃, its allowable stress was higher than austenitic stainless steel.More than 550 ℃, the allowable design stress of recommendation is about the twice of T9 and 2.25Cr-1Mo steel.The high temperature superheater, the reheater that can be used as subcritical, super critical boiler wall temperature≤625 ℃ are used steel pipe, and wall temperature≤600 ℃ high temperature collection case and jet chimney, also can be used as nuclear heat exchanger and cracking of oil device boiler tube.It is on the basis of 9Cr1MoV steel, to reduce phosphorus content, and the content of strict restriction sulphur, phosphorus adds a spot of vanadium, the niobium element carries out alloying.
The excellent properties of P92 steel comes from the accurate control to metal structure; The correct technology of strict execution if fail in the manufacture and installation; Do not obtain suitable tissue; Thereby all will cause the remarkable decline of P92 steel elevated temperature strength to make parts initial failure, and therefore must guarantee that P92 steel weld seam each item index meets the requirements, and could guarantee the security of operation of main steam line.P92 steel welding performance and P91 have similarity, and as high-temperature component, creep rupture strength is its of paramount importance performance, and P92 is as a kind of ferrite, martensite based heat-resistant steel, and the IV type crackle in the long-time running can cause strength of joint significantly to be lower than mother metal.On the other hand, the weld metal hardness of as-welded martensite steel down is high, toughness is low, needs rational heat treatment to reduce hardness, obtains enough toughness, the cracking in avoiding moving and overhauling.For the room temperature ballistic work index of reflection welding seam toughness, when parameter was 600 ℃ the medium-term and long-term operation of ultra supercritical unit, P92 was because the adding of W promotes separating out of Laves phase, and the embrittlement tendency increases, and therefore must guarantee enough weld seam ballistic work deposits.But the high ballistic work that covets as improving the post weld heat treatment temperature, might make the creep rupture strength of joint reduce.Therefore need to select reasonable technology, between strength of welded joint and toughness, seek an equalization point.
From specific embodiment of the present invention, can find between each parameter in close relationsly, the variation of each parameter all can produce big influence to welding quality.
Aspect the welding early-stage preparations
In order to guarantee welding quality, must clear up the groove face of test specimen, create conditions for obtaining good welding quality.
The physical dimension of groove must design, so that reduce metal filled amount, reduces welding job amount and control distortion.The root face of groove mainly cooperates the size of weld heat input, guarantees to obtain satisfied root back side quality.Next is mother metal groove and near cleaning and welding wire surface.P91, the big footpath of P92 steel thick-walled pipe can adopt two V-arrangements or U-shaped groove type.
During the counterpart assembling pipeline pad is put firmly, must not on pipeline, be welded interim supporter.Pipeline counterpart mismatch is no more than 1.0mm, and the gap is 3.0～4.0mm, and root face＜2.0mm during the thick-walled pipe tack welding of big footpath, adopts " locating piece " point solid in groove, and its material should be selected Q235 or 16Mn steel (seeing figure) for use.For avoiding the dilution of mother metal alloy, electric current must not be tried at tube surface, random striking with P91 or P92 welding rod built-up welding one deck in tack welding and the normal welding process in the surface of locating piece.When During normal welding arrives " locating piece ", it is removed, and solder joint is polished with abrasive machine, must not leave vestiges such as crator.After with the naked eye reach the low power magnifying glass and observe, confirm defective such as flawless after, can continue welding.
Aspect the welding parameter selection
In order to guarantee good welding quality, must select suitable welding parameter.According to the principle and the characteristics of SA335-P91 and the welding of SA335-P92 steel, each parameter selection principle is following:
Preheating before the welding is implemented before the weldering welding zone to be carried out preheating, and preheat temperature is 200～250 ℃;
Select welding current; Welding current is that SA335-P91 and SA335-P92 steel weld most important parameter; Its size confirms according to selected mother metal thickness and wlding specification, can not cause incomplete fusion, the lack of penetration or defective that is difficult to control figuration of bead, forms overlap because electric current is too little to guarantee weld; The performance, the figuration of bead that are prone to undercut, reduction metal structure are not attractive in appearance;
Select speed of welding, select speed of welding, make weld possess enough fusion penetrations with molten wide according to workpiece material and thickness, welding current and preheat temperature;
Confirm preheat temperature and interlayer temperature; For fear of producing hardened structure, quickening the diffusion effusion of argon, reduce stress, prevent that cold crack from producing; Should take all factors into consideration according to the chemical composition of workpiece, thickness, environment temperature etc. before the weldering, and confirm preheat temperature through weldability test.Preheating can improve weldering speed, therefore can reduce the molten pool metal time of staying or minimizing alloying element scaling loss at high temperature, increases the stirring fusion ability in molten bath simultaneously again, is beneficial to gas and overflows, and prevents to produce pore.Preheating can also suitably reduce welding current.
Aspect welding procedure
Select that a kind of welding technological properties is good, the welding material of weld metal excellent performance is the prerequisite that guarantees quality of weld joint.The man wlding manufacturer of external existing number has developed the welding material of P92 steel; For several kinds of wldings are compared; Be familiar with its welding procedure simultaneously; Selected the manual welding rod (Thermanit MTS 616 or CHROMET92) of ripe P92, and the deposited metal that obtains is heat-treated test, Mechanics Performance Testing with, metallographic structure analysis and processing performance contrast, preliminary manual arc electrode to P92 has advanced evaluation.As long as two kinds of welding materials are the suitable weld metal that all can obtain satisfaction of technology; But because the delicate difference on design theory and composition; Make its processing performance that characteristics respectively arranged; Its lower critical transition temperature also has nothing in common with each other, and considers that the steel core transient mode more helps in the wlding alloying element and finally chosen Thermanit MTS 616 wldings of steel core transient mode to the weld seam transition; The Ac1 phase transition temperature of its deposited metal is 802 ℃; The difference butt welded seam metal temper resistance of Ac1 produces bigger influence, Fig. 1 be Thermanit MTS 616 deposited metals 740 ℃ with 770 ℃ of two kinds of temperature under metallographic structure after the tempering, the deposited metal that the Ac1 temperature is low is lost the pattern of lath martensite more easily in tempering.Fig. 2 is the influence of temperature to deposited metal hardness, and the anti-tempering ability of the weld metal that Ac1 is high is stronger.Because the fluctuation of chemical composition during wlding is produced; The phase transition temperature that particularly Mn, Ni content can butt welded seams produces bigger influence, and more satisfactory situation is that perhaps Mn, Ni content are confirmed rational post weld heat treatment temperature for Ac1 point according to each batch wlding.
" three is little by more than one " welding procedure that relates to of other embodiment of the present invention has the characteristics such as method of operating of " small dimension welding rod, little current parameters, little swing, multilayer (road) ", and comprising: (1) welding rod specification is little, and the welding rod maximum gauge is not more than Φ 3.2mm.(2) welding current is little, and for the welding wire of Φ 2.4, welding current is controlled at 90～125A; For the welding rod of Φ 2.5, welding current is controlled at 80～110A; For the welding rod of Φ 3.2, welding current is controlled at 90～130A.(3) welding operation amplitude of fluctuation is little, weld width is controlled at≤2d (core diameter) scope in.(4) individual layer welding bead THICKNESS CONTROL is in≤1d (core diameter) scope.(5) speed of welding is little, and for the welding wire of Φ 2.4, the speed of welding current control is at 20～30mm/min, and for the welding rod of Φ 2.5, speed of welding is controlled at 80～110mm/min; For the welding rod of Φ 3.2, speed of welding is controlled at 130～160mm/min.(6) this method of operating only needs the welder on conventional method, to adjust slightly, is easy to grasp, and need not to do separately too much training;
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that technical scope of the present invention is done any restriction, so every foundation technical spirit of the present invention to any trickle modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did, all still belongs in the scope of the present invention's technology Fang An.
Claims (8)
1. the ultra supercritical fired power generating unit is welded the welding procedure of SA335-P91/P92 steel, it is characterized in that: comprise the preceding preparation of weldering, welding parameter optimization and three aspects of welding technology optimization and welding,
1) prepares before the weldering
Select workpiece, adopt manual arc electrode as welding work pieces;
Welding bead is set, welding bead is arranged to two V-arrangements or U-shaped groove shape, and the surface of groove is cleared up;
Carry out the counterpart assembling, pipeline to be welded is positioned in the aforementioned welding bead, each segment pipe counterpart connects the back pad puts firmly, and the requirement of each pipeline counterpart is: mismatch 0.1～1.0mm, and the gap is 3.0～4.0mm, root face 1.5～2.0mm;
To big footpath thick-walled pipe, adopt locating piece point solid in groove;
2) welding parameter optimization
Select welding current, the size of welding current to confirm, can not cause incomplete fusion, lack of penetration or be difficult to control the defective of figuration of bead, formation overlap because electric current is too little to guarantee weld according to selected mother metal thickness and wlding specification;
Select speed of welding, select speed of welding, make weld possess enough fusion penetrations with molten wide according to workpiece material and thickness, welding current and preheat temperature;
3) welding technology optimization and welding
At first weld preceding preheating, implement before the weldering welding zone to be carried out preheating, preheat temperature is 200～250 ℃;
Adopt the welding method of GTAW GTAW and manual electric arc welding SMAW combination to carry out the welding of multilayer welding bead then; Interlayer temperature is 200～300 ℃; The parameter of multilayer welding bead is following: the number of plies is 4～12 layers, and the welding current of each layer is 90～120A, and arc voltage is 10～15V; Speed of welding is 45～165mm/min, and welding method is GTAW GTAW or manual electric arc welding SMAW.
2. the welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the multilayer welding bead welding described in the step 3), and the parameter of multilayer welding bead is following: the number of plies is 8 layers; The 1st～2 layer of arc welding layer selected the welding rod of Φ 2.4mm for use, adopts dc source just connecing method; Welding current is 90～120A; Arc voltage is 10～15V, and speed of welding is 45～65mm/min, and welding method is GTAW GTAW; The 3rd layer of arc welding layer selected the welding rod of Φ 2.5mm for use, adopts the dc source opposition method, and welding current is 90～110A, and arc voltage is 10～15V, and speed of welding is 100～130mm/min, and welding method is manual electric arc welding SMAW; The 4th～8 layer of arc welding layer selected the welding rod of Φ 3.2mm for use, adopts the dc source opposition method, and welding current is 90～110A, and arc voltage is 10～15V, and speed of welding is 130～165mm/min, and welding method is manual electric arc welding SMAW.
3. the welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the material of the manual arc electrode described in the step 1) is Thermanit MTS 616 or CHROMET92.
4. the welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the locating piece described in the step 1), its material are selected Q235 steel or 16Mn steel for use.
5. the welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: to the locating piece described in the step 1); When being welded to this locating piece, removing this locating piece, and solder joint is polished with abrasive machine; With the naked eye reach the low power magnifying glass then and observe, confirm just to continue welding behind the flawless.
6. the welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: every layer of weld size of the 1st～2 layer of arc welding layer described in the step 3) is 4mm * 2.5mm.
7. the welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the weld size of the 3rd layer of arc welding layer is 6mm * 2.5mm described in the step 3).
8. the welding procedure of ultra supercritical fired power generating unit welding SA335-P91/P92 steel according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the weld size of the 4th～8 layer of arc welding layer described in the step 3) is 8mm * 2.5～3mm.
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