CN102614682A - Material extraction device - Google Patents
Material extraction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102614682A CN102614682A CN2012101217149A CN201210121714A CN102614682A CN 102614682 A CN102614682 A CN 102614682A CN 2012101217149 A CN2012101217149 A CN 2012101217149A CN 201210121714 A CN201210121714 A CN 201210121714A CN 102614682 A CN102614682 A CN 102614682A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material extraction device, which comprises a material leaching unit and a liquid heating unit which are vertically arranged side by side and are communicated, wherein the material leaching unit consists of a normal pressure leaching container; the liquid heating unit consists of a heat exchanger; a feed port, a solvent port, a sight glass, a cooling and collection unit and a condensation and reflux unit are arranged above the material leaching container, and a filter unit and a slag discharge door are arranged below the material leaching container; the filter unit below the material leaching container is communicated with the lower space of the heat exchanger through a leaching solution natural circulation passage or a leaching solution forcible circulation passage which can be selected and switched; and a leaching solution circulation and return passage inlet which is communicated with a leaching solution circulation outlet above the heat exchanger is formed on a side wall of a part above a working liquid surface of the material leaching container. According to the device, the heating mode of straight-through industrial steam can be effectively avoided, and the extraction of required components of the material can be finished with high efficiency and high quality in a closed natural circulation state; and the device is scientific, simple, convenient, efficient and energy-saving and can be widely applied to leaching of a material by water or an organic solvent and extraction/separation operation of steam distillation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material extraction element, be fit to but be not limited only in the field of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy extraction material component.
Background technology
Collect the required composition that obtains in the material with corresponding solvent through modes such as leaching, distillations, though existing extensive application in field of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy equally also has application in other association area like food, spices, essence.With the field of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy is example, and multi-function extractor is a kind of pressure vessel type traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment that is widely used at present, and maximum volume can reach 10m3.Though to the existing many improved reports of this kind equipment, some of its existence can directly influence the fundamental issue of extraction efficiency and product quality, still fail all the time to solve:
One of which; Straight-through steam heated dual mode with interlayer at the bottom of multi-function extractor possessed jar; Because the interlayer heating surface (area) (HS is less, the thermal efficiency is low, heat transfer is inhomogeneous; So the decocting to medicinal material boil or process such as steam distillation in, routine operation mainly relies on by directly feeding industrial steam at the bottom of the jar and is rapidly heated and makes the material boiling, and the chuck heating is only played assistant heating and kept the backflow effect.Because receive the influence of factors such as corrosion of antiscale chemical treatment and the conveyance conduit of boiler feed water, industrial steam is not a clean steam, so straight-through industrial steam itself has just caused the pollution to soup, does not therefore meet the principle that GMP stipulates.If adopt organic solvent to extract medicinal material, then can not use straight-through steam, can only lean on the interlayer heating, the material boiling is then needed for a long time.
Its two, be that the medicinal material extract mode of solvent generally adopts to decoct and refluxes with water.It has been generally acknowledged that material can guarantee higher leaching temperature under fluidized state, can make its solid liquid interface produce convection current again, can accelerate leaching velocity.But the essence of boiling is in the phenomenon of liquid internal with the simultaneous violent vaporization in surface, and the strong movements of hydrone can impel material such as medicinal material to expand, collide, rub and broken, and discharges a large amount of impurity.Particularly for many extractions that contain baregin and the more medicinal material of starchiness; Boiling effect and straight-through steam are very disadvantageous; The impurity component of a large amount of fragmentations, peptization and gelatinization obviously strengthens the viscosity of soup, turbidity; Not only reduce the quality of leachate, also increased the difficulty and the cost of leaching thing Separation of Solid and Liquid greatly.
They are three years old; At present the multipotency extractor only the below cleanout door be provided with and be used to separate the filtration of discharging liquid; Its area is limited; Therefore being easy to is seethed with excitement because of above-mentioned warp for a long time decocts stickum obstructions such as causing excessive fine powder, fiber and the peptization that discharges, gelatinization, cause the isolated by filtration difficulty of leaching liquid, even residual big medicine amount liquid can't be collected.Even adopt the operation of pump forced circulation, also be prone to cause circulation not smooth, even obstruction and cycle interruption phenomenon.This is the hard nut to crack that exists in many decocting for Chinese herbal medicine leaching process.
The 4th; When adopting the multipotency extractor to carry out the volatile oil component in the steam distillation operation collection medicinal material, the above-mentioned mode by straight-through industrial steam ebuillition of heated at the bottom of the jar of conventional employing is carried out, and not only soup and distillate can be contaminated; Because can body is higher; The internal diameter and the disengagement area of jar are less, and thickness that medicinal material is loaded and packing can seriously hinder the speed that the rising of water vapour and volatile oil steam sees through, and have influenced the efficient of steam distillation.If medicinal material is heated for a long time, the oxidation of some composition and hydrolysis are difficult to avoid, and also can have influence on the quality of collecting liquid.
Traditional Chinese medicine extraction is a most important link in most Chinese medicine preparations, and the exhausted major part in the Chinese medicine raw material all is the impurity component that is of no curative effect, and the relative amount of active principle is generally all very low.Advanced extractive technique should guarantee to extract to greatest extent active principle; Reducing impurity component as far as possible proposes; On the one hand to guarantee and to improve the quality and the curative effect of Chinese medicine preparation; Also can reduce simultaneously the difficulty and the cost of follow-up separation, removal of impurities and purification operations greatly, particularly particularly important especially for the production of traditional medicine Injectio.
Except that field of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy, to carry out in other field of material extraction at needs, the problems referred to above also exist to some extent.
Summary of the invention
In view of above problem, the invention provides the material extraction element of a kind of brand new form and operation principle, can high efficiency, accomplish the extraction of material component in high quality, of many uses, and be specially adapted to suitability for industrialized production.
The basic structure of material extraction element of the present invention includes and vertically is set up in parallel and material leaching unit that is made up of the leaching container that is interconnected and the liquid-heating unit that is made up of heat exchanger.Wherein:
---the top of material leaching container is provided with charge door, solvent adds inlet, visor, cooling collector unit and condensing reflux unit, and the below is provided with the filter element and the cleanout door of leaching liquid;
---between the filter element of material leaching container below and the below of heat exchanger; Through leaching liquid Natural Circulation passage or the leaching liquid forced circulation channel connection that can select to switch; Be provided with first control valve in the leaching liquid Natural Circulation passage, be provided with liquor charging valve, piping filter, liquid delivery pump and second control valve in the leaching liquid forced circulation passage successively.Wherein piping filter is preferably the many bag filters that are applicable to big flow.Top at piping filter is provided with exhaust-valve, and the outlet of liquid delivery pump also is provided with bleeder valve;
---on the sidewall at the operating fluid level of material leaching container (being the leaching liquid liquid level when making whole material submergence under the normal operating conditions) position, top, be provided with the leaching liquid circulation backward channel import that is connected with the leaching liquid loop exit of heat exchanger top.Wherein, the optimal way of said this leaching liquid circulation backward channel import is to make the periphery tangential direction setting of its direction along wall material leaching container.
Generally speaking; The cooling collector unit and the condensing reflux unit of said material leaching container top in the said apparatus; Can be included in and be not limited to be provided with separated foam device, condenser, cooler, the oil water separator that is linked in sequence, wherein above the side of oil water separator, be provided with separating valve.
The groundwork process and the principle of said extracted device of the present invention are: when making water (or organic solvent) carry out material extraction operation, at first open and regulate leaching liquid forced circulation passage, and the heat exchanger steam valve; The liquid of leaching container below is promoted to heat rapidly through heat exchanger by liquid delivery pump after filtering, and then returns the leaching container by the top, forced circulation heating so repeatedly; Fluid temperature in the leaching container is evenly risen, and, close the forced circulation passage this moment very soon near boiling temperature; Open and regulate Natural Circulation passage and heat exchanger steam valve; The liquid of preheating can seethe with excitement in heat exchanger fast, because the climbing power of density of liquid difference and indirect steam promotes, liquid is upwards flowed; And return the leaching container, thereby realized the Natural Circulation of leaching liquid by the top.Experimental result shows that an outstanding feature of this cyclic process is to need not to increase extra power again.The vapour-liquid that gets into the leaching container is separated in the superjacent air space of container; Steam returns the leaching container through the condensing reflux unit of top; The liquid of boiling temperature then moves downward in the leaching container; Natural Circulation so repeatedly, undoubtedly high-temp liquid (boiling point or near the boiling temperature) leaching rate that under dynamic condition, can accelerate material with leach balance.
Experiment shows that also this initial forced circulation process also is of value to leaching container filtration surface and forms good filtering layer, is beneficial to follow-up simple and direct Natural Circulation process.
Equally, the dynamic circulation of high-temperature water solution also helps diffusion, the emulsification and miscible in leaching liquid of volatile oil component in the material.Adopt said process to get into high temperature leaching liquid boiling vaporization fast in heat exchanger of Natural Circulation; Water vapour and volatile oil steam together steam; Promote liquid and return the leaching container, the leaching that circulates downwards of the liquid of boiling temperature, and water vapour and the volatile oil steam cooling collector unit above container by the top; In oil water separator, collect and separate, can obtain material volatile oil component.Based on this new distillation mode of steam distillation principle, because its evaporation process does not receive the influence of medicinal material thickness and density, tradition leads directly to the thermal distillation mode that adds of industrial steam, and decapacitation guarantees that experimental result shows that also its efficient is higher outside the quality of distillate.
Therefore; The above-mentioned material extraction element of the present invention has been avoided the mode and the influence thereof of traditional straight-through industrial steam fully; What adopt is efficient external heating mode, will leach container and separate with heating arrangement, and high-temp liquid is separately carried out the leaching and the heating of material; In closed system through rationally regulating control valve and/or the steam valve of heat exchanger in the circulation canal; Can control the liquid preheating speed effectively, and the speed of liquid boiling evaporation, thus the solvent of realizing dissimilar/character under the Natural Circulation state to the extraction and the steam distillation operation of material.Through making full use of the conversion of vaporizing liquid energy; Make and reach boiling point or near the high-temp liquid of boiling temperature; Material to relative static conditions carries out the Dynamic Extraction operation; Avoided straight-through steam and decocted the phenomenons such as material fragmentation, peptization and gelatinization that the boiling effect causes, not only efficient is high, quality is good, and has solved the difficult problem of extracting liquid filtering.
On the basis of the above-mentioned material extraction element of the present invention, further can also be separately or adopt following corrective measure with the mode of combination in any:
Material leaching container in the above-mentioned material extraction element though do not limit the pressure vessel that generally need not to adopt present multipotency extractor form especially, can be adopted as the non-pressure vessel that is provided with thermal insulation layer.Compare with traditional multipotency extractor, the manufacture difficulty of vessels not under pressure and cost can greatly reduce undoubtedly, and the selectivity on Mechanical Builds is bigger, more help the extraction operation of material.
The leaching liquid filter element of said material leaching container below; Be arranged on orifice plate filter net type bottom filtration and corresponding with it bottom filtrating collection structure and the bottom filtrate (liquid on the cleanout door ring-type perisporium filtration and the corresponding with it perisporium that also is provided with the board-like or orifice plate filter net type of inwall is provided with along material leaching container below annular aperture filtrate collection structure and perisporium filtrate (liquid except that including traditional approach.
The inwall of material leaching container, at least in the ring frustum formula structure that can be set to have downward contracted diameter down, then the serve as reasons bottom perisporium ring-type filtration of continuity upwards of leaching container of said perisporium filtration.The said height that should encircle frustum formula structure; Can be according to the capacity appropriate design in the light of actual conditions of leaching container; For example can be merely in the regional area of leaching container near the bottom, or extend to the central region of leaching container height, even can also further extend upward.The extended height of said perisporium filtration equally also can only be confined in the perisporium zone at this ring frustum formula structure place, or further extends upward to the position of encircling on the frustum formula structural region (being generally the cylindrical tube shape zone).Obviously, this ring-type perisporium filtration is set after, can make filter area be several times as much as the tradition single filtration area on cleanout door.So the combination of filter element can make the filter effect of leaching liquid be greatly improved, and has increased the filtyration velocity and the flow of leachate, has fully guaranteed the mass-and heat-transfer process of leaching liquid high-efficiency dynamic circulation.
Adapting with operating fluid level and be not higher than the position of this operating fluid level in the said material leaching container, promptly the highest can be with this operating fluid level height such as grade but be preferably position a little less than this operating fluid level, also be provided with band flow hole laterally at a distance from keeping off structure.Should laterally not only can play the effect that indicates and observe minimum operating fluid level at a distance from the retaining structure; Particularly in wet distillation process; Liquid in the leaching container can reduce gradually, needs moisturizing to keep liquid level, guarantees normal Natural Circulation still-process; Can also stop simultaneously the lighter material of proportion floating and whole retainings are pressed in below the liquid level, be beneficial to sufficient leaching.In addition, in the cyclic process of leaching liquid, this laterally can also play the effect of current-sharing at a distance from the retaining structure, and prevents the impact of circulation fluid to upper materials, to cause phenomenons such as fragmentation, peptization and gelatinization.
Being somebody's turn to do in the above-mentioned material leaching container laterally at a distance from the retaining structure; Preferred mode is to adopt the hinged two halves circular hole slab that is provided with by along diameter; Half particularly corresponding with the charge door lower position at least circular hole slab can be the upwards portable plate of turnover, the operation of both can conveniently having fed in raw material.
Said heat exchanger is preferably the vertical tubular heat exchanger of one way, and to make its tube side be the leaching liquid passage, and the shell side that is provided with a plurality of hydraulic barriers is the heating steam passage.Tubular heat exchanger simple in structure, heat transfer efficiency is high, and disposal ability is big, is heating and evaporative applications heat exchanger the most widely in producing at present.According to the capacity and the height of material leaching container, select corresponding tubular heat exchanger.
For guaranteeing and promoting leaching liquid in the Natural Circulation process, to return the leaching container as early as possible through said circulation canal above by heat exchanger; Avoid and reduce circulation fluid on the heat exchanger upper perforated plate delay and produce resistance; Upper perforated plate in the said tubular heat exchanger; Be preferably the lower edge that position with the leaching liquid loop exit adapts and is not less than the leaching liquid loop exit, more preferably adopt mode to be provided with a little more than this leaching liquid loop exit lower edge.
Be appreciated that structure and the course of work and the principle of the above-mentioned material extraction element of the present invention thus, all be different from the multipotency extractor of present traditional form in essence; Adopt the natural circulation mode of efficient outer heating; And greatly improve and strengthened the leaching process of mass-and heat-transfer, and significantly improved the leaching rate of active principle, not only avoided the use of straight-through industrial steam; Many materials problems such as fragmentation, peptization and gelatinization in various degree that traditional decoction boiling mode causes have also been overcome; Reduce the leaching of impurity, obviously reduced the difficulty of later separation and refinement treatment, fully guaranteed product quality.This device science is simple and direct, energy-efficient, can be particularly suitable for those extraction that contains baregin, the more material of starchiness and steam distillation operations adaptable across the different field that comprises herbal pharmaceutical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of material extraction element structure of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Material extraction element of the present invention as shown in the figure; Include the material that vertically is set up in parallel and leach the material leaching unit that container 10 constitutes by the normal pressure right cone type leaching can form that has thermal insulation layer 9; And, be provided with several shell side hydraulic barriers 26 with interlace mode in the tubular heat exchanger 27 by the liquid-heating unit that the vertical tubular heat exchanger 27 of one way commonly used constitutes.The top of leaching container 10 is provided with charge door 32, solvent adds inlet 33, visor 6, cooling collector unit and condensing reflux unit.Position in leaching container 10 a little less than the operate as normal liquid level; It is board-like laterally at a distance from retaining structure 7 via two semi-circular hole that the hinge that is provided with along diameter 8 connects to be provided with one deck; Wherein can upwards turn down with the corresponding semicircle orifice plate in charge door 32 positions; In horizontal leaching container 10 wall portions above retaining structure 7, to be provided with leaching liquid circulation backward channel import 31 along the tangent to periphery direction.
Above leaching container 10, be sequentially with cooling collector unit and the condensing reflux unit that comprises at a distance from compositions such as foam device 34, condenser 1, cooler 2, oil water separators 3 by usual manner.Wherein, side and be provided with separating valve 4 above oil water separator 3.Between oil water separator 3 and leaching container 10, be provided with the return valve 5 of regulating the control capacity of returns.
In the liquid-heating unit, the heating steam of the shell side of tubular heat exchanger 27 for sending into through steam valve 28; , after tube side is heated, seen off through the vapour-liquid outlet 30 of tubular heat exchanger top by the circulation leaching liquid sent into of inlet 25 of its below, the vapour-liquid import 31 corresponding with leaching container 10 tops connects to return leaches container 10.Wherein, the upper perforated plate 29 of tubular heat exchanger 27 should be a little more than the lower edge of leaching liquid loop exit 30.
Liquid in the material leaching container 10 is except that need circulating through the forced circulation passage pipeline that is driven by liquid delivery pump 21 in the initial rapidly pre-warming stage;, liquid can close this forced circulation pipeline when being preheated near boiling temperature; Steam regulation valve 28; Open leaching liquid Natural Circulation passage pipeline by first control valve 24, leaching liquid promptly gets into the high temperature leaching process of Natural Circulation, and the steam of generation can return leaching container 10 through return valve 5 through the condensing reflux unit.
When leaching liquid gets into the high temperature Natural Circulation; The steam (gas) that produces is through the cooling collector unit of leaching container 10 tops; Regulate the separating valve 4 on return valve 5 and the oil water separator 3, promptly can carry out the steam distillation operation, the volatile oil component in the separated and collected material.
Extraction to the steam distillation and the water soluble ingredient of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis volatile oil composition.
Operation 1:, adopt routine to carry out steam distillation and collect volatile oil component by straight-through steam at the bottom of the jar with the multipotency extractor.After steam distillation finished, because the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine is broken serious, material became " a pot of porridge " phenomenon, was difficult to separate, and extracted water soluble ingredient like boiling again, and very difficulty is collected in the filtration of soup.For this reason, have the mode that the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine is packed as many pouches to operate, its result both had been unfavorable for the leaching of material, also can marsupial with influences such as material contamination soups, both bothersome also not science.
Operation 2: the extraction element that adopts said structure of the present invention; The control forced circulation is rapidly heated; Regulate the evaporation rate of Natural Circulation, can guarantee abundant steam distillation of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis volatile oil composition and collection until odorlessness, it is still complete that distillation finishes the back configuration of medicinal materials; Fruit of Chinese magnoliavine extreme expansion is not but broken, and soup very easily separates.Continue water high temperature Natural Circulation again and extract twice, soup filters collects same being very easy to, and the turbidity of extract is lower, and the schizandrin content as index property is up to specification fully in the extract.
90% alcohol extract of medicinal material red ginseng (soaking into section).
Operation 1: adopt multipotency extractor routine operation, 90% alcohol reflux that at every turn adds 4 times of amounts of red ginseng extracted 2 hours, extracted altogether 5 times, collected extract.Because solvent is an ethanol, can only lean on the interlayer heating to carry out, the time that is heated to boiling is long.In the actual production, accomplishing the extraction of 300kg red ginseng with 2m3 multipotency extractor needs 16 hours, and the rate of transform of the active principle ginsenoside of extract is 70% ~ 75%.
Operation 2: adopt the extraction element of said structure of the present invention, 90% consumption of ethanol and extraction time biconditional operation 1 are regulated high efficiency forced circulation warm of control and high temperature Natural Circulation leaching process.Through measuring, maintenance is the Natural Circulation of flow greatly, extracts can reach the leaching balance in 1 hour at every turn.Therefore can accomplish the extraction operation in 8 hours.Precipitate after the extract refrigeration is less, the rate of transform of active principle ginsenoside >=75%.
Contrast is extracted operating result and is shown that compare with extracting mode with traditional extraction equipment, material extraction element of the present invention can effectively solve a series of problems that exist in the present production, can guarantee that leaching process is meticulousr, and efficient is higher.
Claims (10)
1. material extraction element is characterized in that comprising vertically being set up in parallel and material leaching unit that is made up of leaching container (10) that is interconnected and the liquid-heating unit that is made up of heat exchanger (27), wherein:
---the top of material leaching container (10) is provided with charge door (32), solvent adds inlet (33), visor (6), cools off collector unit and condensing reflux unit, and the below is provided with the filter element and the cleanout door (17) of leaching liquid,
---between the filter element of material leaching container (10) below and the below of heat exchanger (27); Through leaching liquid Natural Circulation passage or the leaching liquid forced circulation channel connection that can select to switch; Be provided with first control valve (24) in the leaching liquid Natural Circulation passage; Be provided with liquor charging valve (19), piping filter (20), liquid delivery pump (21) and second control valve (23) in the leaching liquid forced circulation passage successively
---on the sidewall at position above the operating fluid level of material leaching container (10), be provided with the leaching liquid circulation backward channel import (31) that is connected with the leaching liquid loop exit (30) of heat exchanger (27) top.
2. material extraction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said material leaching container (10) is for being provided with the non-pressure vessel of thermal insulation layer (9).
3. material extraction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the leaching liquid loop exit (30) of said heat exchanger (27) top and the direction of the leaching liquid circulation backward channel import (31) between the corresponding site sidewall of material leaching container (10) operating fluid level top are provided with along the periphery tangential direction that the wall material leaches container (10).
4. material extraction element as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that in the cooling collector unit of material leaching container (10) top and condensing and recycling unit, including separated foam device (34), condenser (1), cooler (2), the oil water separator (3) that is linked in sequence, above the side of oil water separator (3), be provided with separating valve (4).
5. material extraction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that comprising at the leaching liquid filter element of said material leaching container (10) below:
---be arranged on orifice plate filter net type bottom filtration (14) and corresponding with it bottom filtrating collection structure (15) and bottom filtrate (liquid (16) on the cleanout door (17);
---the annular aperture ring-type perisporium filtration (12) board-like or the orifice plate filter net type that inwall is provided with along material leaching container (10) below reaches corresponding with it perisporium filtrating collection structure (11) and perisporium filtrate (liquid (13).
6. material extraction element as claimed in claim 5; The inwall that it is characterized in that material leaching container (10) at least below be ring frustum structure, the serve as reasons bottom perisporium ring-type filtration of continuity upwards of leaching container (10) of said perisporium filtration (12) with downward contracted diameter.
7. material extraction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in said material leaching container (10) adapting with operating fluid level and is not higher than the position of this operating fluid level, be provided with band flow hole laterally at a distance from retaining structure (7).
8. material extraction element as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that said material leaches the two halves circular hole slab of laterally serving as reasons and connecting along the hinge (8) of diameter setting at a distance from retaining structure (7) in the container (10), and the portable plate of half corresponding with charge door (32) lower position at least circular hole slab for can upwards turning down.
9. material extraction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said heat exchanger (27) is the vertical tubular heat exchanger of one way, and its tube side is the leaching liquid passage, and shell side is the heating steam passage.
10. material extraction element as claimed in claim 9, the upper perforated plate (29) that it is characterized in that said heat exchanger (27) adapt with the position of leaching liquid loop exit (30) and are not less than the lower edge of leaching liquid loop exit (30).
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| CN201210121714.9A CN102614682B (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2012-04-24 | Material extraction device |
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| CN201210121714.9A CN102614682B (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2012-04-24 | Material extraction device |
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| CN102614682B CN102614682B (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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| CN201210121714.9A Expired - Fee Related CN102614682B (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2012-04-24 | Material extraction device |
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| CN103657139A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-26 | 吉首大学 | Vacuum pulse-type gutta-percha extraction device |
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| CN102614682B (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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