CN102611204B - Electric vehicle wireless power supply device with secondary coil driving device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless power supply device for an electric vehicle, which uses a servo mechanism to drive a secondary coil (pick-up coil) on the premise of combination of a wire laying way in a 'two-stacked-block' form, and well solves the problem of quick power declining in transverse deflection of the vehicle. When the vehicle deviates from the centerline of a road, the servo mechanism can calculate the position of a middle wire of a ground primary coil according to input of a plurality of hollow sensing coils so as to move the secondary coil to position the secondary coil above the middle wire of the ground primary coil, and accordingly primary and secondary coupling factors and mutual inductance of a loose-coupling transformer cannot be greatly changed, power of wireless power supply changes little, transmission efficiency is improved, and transmission energy is maximized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric automobile field, relate in particular to a kind of by driving secondary coil substantially constant wireless power supply of through-put power when ensureing that lateral direction of car moves.
Background technology
At present, new forms of energy have all obtained all over the world paying attention to widely, important events of new forms of energy application are exactly electric automobile, electric automobile uses electric energy but not gasoline, itself is the pernicious gas of exhaust emission atmosphere not, electric energy can derive from the multiple clean energy resourcies such as luminous energy, wind energy, morning and evening tides, underground heat, and the relative fuel oil price of electric energy is more cheap, so electric automobile has vast potential for future development.But battery technology has restricted the development of electric automobile, existing storage battery has the problems such as cost high (if it is higher to take to change power mode cost), flying power are poor, quick charge appreciable impact battery life.These problems still, among research, are not yet well solved.And be also difficult in a short time the progress of making a breakthrough property.For this reason, multiple universities and scientific research institution attempt realize allow electric automobile obtain under steam electric power.Wherein Auckland university starts to walk the earliest, they have just started the research of this respect in the nineties in last century, the technology adopting is mainly inductive energy transmission technology (Inductive Power Transfer), this technology by high frequency magnetic field with wireless mode transferring energy, thereby can give electric automobile electric power is provided under steam.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of prior art, and Chinese Patent Application No. is: in the application documents of " 201110250742.6 ", introduced land circuit and be used for civil power to be converted to the principle of the high-frequency alternating current of 10-50kHz.Land circuit can be taked various ways, for example PWM conversion, the soft switch of full-bridge/half-bridge circuit or ZVS, controlled resonant converter etc.Ground long lead and vehicle-mounted pick device (pick-up) form respectively the primary and secondary of loose coupled transformer.Energy is coupled to secondary coil with the form of high frequency magnetic field by high frequency transformer, after rectification, can provide power to vehicle mounted electric motivation.
Current inductive energy is transmitted the subject matter existing, and when vehicle generation lateral shift, leaves the road after center line, and the energy getting will reduce rapidly.Initial design energy in the time of lateral shift ± 100mm will decay to rapidly zero, thereby cannot drop into practicality.For this reason, Auckland successively proposed heterogeneous scheme, the single-phase solutions such as laying scheme that repeat, and Korea S also proposed to lay at center line of road the scheme of magnetic material, to expand horizontal allowed band.But these schemes can be brought again the easily new problem such as damage of circuit complexity, cost are high, lay on ground magnetic material.
At nearest document (A Study of Sectional Tracks in Roadway Inductive Power Transfer System, Wei Zhang; Siu-Chung Wong; Tse, C.K.; Qianhong Chen; Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2011 IEEE Digital Object Identifier:10.1109/ECCE.2011.6063855 Publication Year:2011, Page (s): 822-826), there is a kind of new ground primary coil paving mode, i.e. " day " font wire, is illustrated in figure 2 the vertical view of this ground coil paving mode.The document has mainly been discussed the benefit that new paving mode brings aspect raising the efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of electric automobile wireless power supply with secondary coil drive unit, the through-put power the best can ensure lateral direction of car skew time, and then ensure that the power of wireless power does not have too large variation.
The present invention adopts following technical proposals: a kind of electric automobile wireless power supply with secondary coil drive unit, comprise land circuit and transformer, vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material, transformer secondary output coil and vehicle electronic circuit, land circuit is embedded in underground, its input is connected with electrical network, and output is connected with transformer; Transformer secondary output coil is arranged in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material, transformer secondary output coil is connected with the input of vehicle electronic circuit, the output of vehicle electronic circuit is connected with the power supply side of electric automobile, it is characterized in that: described transformer is " day " font wire, also comprise secondary coil drive unit, the output of secondary coil drive unit connects secondary coil, secondary coil is slided in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material, make the distance minimum of the center conductor of secondary coil and " day " font wire.
Described secondary coil drive unit drives secondary coil to slide, make its center conductor that remains on transformer directly over.
Described secondary coil drive unit is servomechanism, servomechanism comprises hollow sensor coil, central control unit and stepping motor, hollow sensor coil is arranged on vehicle-mounted magnetic material panel area, the signal output part of hollow sensor coil connects the signal input part of central control unit by signal processing circuit, the signal output part of central control unit connects stepping motor, the output shaft of stepping motor is changed translation device by rotation and is connected secondary coil, and secondary coil is slided in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material.
Described hollow sensor coil is fixed on vehicle body by support.
Described hollow sensor coil is seven, and seven hollow sensor coil mind-set both sides from vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material are arranged symmetrically with.
Seven described hollow sensor coil interval 25cm, transverse arrangement of turbo is in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material front.
Described secondary coil is concentrated the centre of winding in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material.
The present invention, under the prerequisite in conjunction with " day " font wire paving mode, has proposed to drive by servomechanism the electric automobile wireless power supply of secondary coil (pick-up coil), the problem that can solve well lateral direction of car skew time, power declines rapidly.In the time of vehicle deviating road center line, servomechanism can utilize multiple hollow sensor coils to calculate the position of the central conductor of ground primary coil, and mobile secondary coil accordingly, make secondary coil be in the top of the central conductor of ground primary coil, therefore can ensure coupling coefficient and not too large variation of mutual inductance between the primary and secondary of loose coupled transformer, and then the not too large variation of power of guarantee wireless power, improve efficiency of transmission, transmitting energy is maximized.This invention does not need polyphase circuit or repeats route wires, need to not lay magnetic material on ground, thereby cost is lower yet, and cost performance is higher; When this ground primary coil paving mode is combined in the method proposing with this patent, the problem that also can well solve lateral direction of car skew time, power declines rapidly.And this mode also can significantly improve the distance (bringing up to 30 centimetres of left and right by 10 centimetres of left and right) between primary and secondary, substantially meets the requirement of automobile chassis height, also helpful to dropping into practicality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of " day " font wire paving mode;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of central control unit and secondary coil drive unit in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the setting position figure of hollow sensor coil;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that hollow sensor coil is measured magnetic field intensity;
Fig. 6 is the situation of change figure that between primary and secondary, mutual inductance departs from central conductor with vehicle.
Embodiment
Explain in detail the operation principle of each several part of the present invention below:
As shown in Figure 2, at any time, the sense of current in the sense of current in central conductor and road both sides return conductor is all contrary.This paving mode has two advantages below:
One, distant owing to flowing through the conductor spacing of current in opposite, the degree that the transverse magnetic field that central conductor produces on wire is weakened by adjacent wires just alleviates to some extent.This means, the horizontal scope of activities of secondary coil can expand, and the primary and secondary gap allowing is also larger.
Two, the transverse magnetic field that central conductor forms only has a peak value in center line of road ± 1m width range, and this is to highly beneficial by hollow sensor coil calculating magnetic field distribution and central conductor position.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, shown in, the present invention drives the electric automobile wireless power supply of secondary coil by servomechanism, comprise ground primary coil, vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material 1(ferrite, non-crystaline amorphous metal or permalloy that land circuit and " day " font wire are laid), secondary coil 2, servomechanism and vehicle electronic circuit, land circuit is embedded in underground, its input is connected with electrical network, and output is connected with " day " font primary coil; Transformer secondary output coil 2 is arranged in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material 1, and secondary coil 2 is connected with the input of vehicle electronic circuit, and the output of vehicle electronic circuit is connected with the power supply side of electric automobile.Servomechanism comprises hollow sensor coil 3, central control unit (single-chip microcomputer), stepping motor M.In the present embodiment, have seven hollow sensor coils, described hollow sensor coil 3 is arranged on the front of vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material 1, the installation of laterally arranging of vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material 1 certain distance of distance, and from vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material 1, mind-set both sides are arranged symmetrically with; Seven hollow sensor coils 3 are fixed on support, and support is fixed on vehicle body.Hollow sensor coil 3 also can be arranged on the rear of vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material 1, the signal output part of hollow sensor coil 3 connects the signal input part of central control unit by signal processing circuit, signal processing circuit has been rectification, amplification filtering and the A/D conversion of the signal that induces of hollow sensor coil, is ripe prior art; The signal controlling end of stepping motor M connects the signal output part of central control unit, the output shaft connection of rotating conversion translation device (realizing by ball-screw) of stepping motor M, rotate conversion translation device and connect secondary coil 2, secondary coil 2 is slided in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material 1.Vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material 1 is installed under automobile chassis, and vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material should be wide as far as possible under the prerequisite that meets vehicle structure requirement, long as far as possible, and the width numerical value of recommendation is 1.4～1.6m, and length numerical value is no less than 60cm.Described secondary coil 2 should concentrate winding in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material, and winding elasticity meets the requirement of sliding in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material, and secondary coil width is narrow as far as possible, could improve like this coupling coefficient and mutual inductance.
Operation principle of the present invention is as described below:
Surface traverse shown in Fig. 2 is arranged, as shown in Figure 5, if certain height h places air core coil and measures transverse magnetic field size thereon, and air core coil is x apart from central conductor distance, and the transverse magnetic field size that air core coil measures can calculate with following formula:
（1）
In formula, I is the current strength of ground center conductor, and centered by a, wire arrives the distance of both sides wire,
for magnetic permeability, (
for the transverse magnetic field of central conductor,
for the transverse magnetic field of the right wire,
for the transverse magnetic field of left side wire).
According to formula above, can calculate the transverse field strength within the scope of distance center wire ± 1m, this magnetic field distribution peak valley difference is obvious, and also has in the horizontal certain range.Therefore can, by detecting transverse magnetic field at the multiple coils of transverse arrangement of turbo, judge center conductor position, ground.The present invention uses interval 25cm, and 7 hollow sensor coils of transverse arrangement of turbo are as transducer, and the signal being induced by hollow sensor coil can obtain magnetic field intensity herein indirectly.
Central control unit obtains after the magnetic field intensity of seven hollow sensor coil positions, then the Bh curve of formula (1) description is carried out curve fitting, and just can obtain center conductor position, ground.Central control unit obtains behind the position of center conductor of ground primary coil, and then sends instruction to stepping motor, makes secondary coil move to corresponding position, to guarantee that secondary coil is positioned at directly over the center conductor of ground.
By above-mentioned steps, secondary coil is remained on to ground center conductor top, can vehicle deviating road center line (with center conductor be same position) time keep mutual inductance substantially constant.Accompanying drawing 6 be plate of magnetic material apart from surface traverse height gap 30cm, the wide 1.4m of plate of magnetic material, long 0.6m, the every segment length 4m of surface traverse, mutual inductance departs from the situation of change of center line with vehicle, transverse axis is the distance of vehicle deviating road center line, the longitudinal axis is mutual inductance value.As seen from Figure 6, this structure is 0 at transverse shifting, the highest mutual inductance can reach 0.5432uH when the 30cm of gap, and in the time of transverse shifting 40cm, mutual inductance still has 0.4059uH left and right, is peaked 74.7%.Further the variation of hypothesis power and mutual inductance variation square are directly proportional, and power can be reduced to 55.8% left and right.Be reduced to 0 with traditional approach transverse shifting 10cm left and right power and compare, improved a lot.
Dropping into when practical, can need to take 1.3 times of power according to electric automobile and design land circuit power to 1.4 times.In the time that mutual inductance is maximum, the power that vehicle electronic circuit obtains has more than needed like this, can give on-vehicle battery or super capacitor charging, and in mutual inductance hour, electric capacity or battery are then electric discharge meets vehicle needs.
Apart from the above, central control unit also can be taked other control strategy, for example, hollow sensor coil can be arranged on the framework moving together with secondary coil, algorithm is also adjusted into accordingly: constantly movable frame, until the poor preset value that is less than of symmetrical air core coil output voltage.But this way can lose efficacy in the time of automobile skew center line more (as overtaking other vehicles), thereby needs more extra work to process special circumstances.
Claims (3)
1. one kind has the electric automobile wireless power supply of secondary coil drive unit, comprise land circuit and transformer, vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material, transformer secondary output coil and vehicle electronic circuit, land circuit is embedded in underground, its input is connected with electrical network, and output is connected with transformer; Transformer secondary output coil is arranged in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material, transformer secondary output coil is connected with the input of vehicle electronic circuit, the output of vehicle electronic circuit is connected with the power supply side of electric automobile, it is characterized in that: described transformer is " day " font wire, also comprise secondary coil drive unit, the output of secondary coil drive unit connects secondary coil, secondary coil is slided in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material, make the distance minimum of the center conductor of secondary coil and " day " font wire; Make secondary coil remain on transformer center conductor directly over;
Described secondary coil drive unit is servomechanism, servomechanism comprises hollow sensor coil, central control unit and stepping motor, hollow sensor coil is arranged on vehicle-mounted magnetic material panel area, hollow sensor coil calculating magnetic field distributes and central conductor position, the signal output part of hollow sensor coil connects the signal input part of central control unit by signal processing circuit, the signal output part of central control unit connects stepping motor, the output shaft of stepping motor is changed translation device by rotation and is connected secondary coil, secondary coil is slided in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material,
Described hollow sensor coil is seven, and seven hollow sensor coil mind-set both sides from vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material are arranged symmetrically with; Seven described hollow sensor coil interval 25cm, transverse arrangement of turbo is in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material front;
Described hollow sensor coil calculating magnetic field distribution and the process of central conductor position are as follows:
If certain height h places hollow sensor coil and measures transverse magnetic field size on surface traverse, and hollow sensor coil is x apart from central conductor distance, and the transverse magnetic field size that hollow sensor coil measures can calculate with following formula:
（1）
In formula,
ifor the current strength of ground center conductor,
centered by wire to the distance of both sides wire,
for magnetic permeability,
for the transverse magnetic field of central conductor,
for the transverse magnetic field of the right wire,
for the transverse magnetic field of left side wire;
According to formula above, can calculate the transverse field strength within the scope of distance center wire ± 1m, the signal being induced by seven hollow sensor coils can obtain magnetic field intensity herein indirectly; Central control unit obtains after the magnetic field intensity of seven hollow sensor coil positions, then formula (1) is described
curve carries out curve fitting, and just can obtain center conductor position, ground.
2. the electric automobile wireless power supply with secondary coil drive unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described hollow sensor coil is fixed on vehicle body by support.
3. the electric automobile wireless power supply with secondary coil drive unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described secondary coil is concentrated the centre of winding in vehicle-mounted plate of magnetic material.
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| CN103701167B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏大学 | A kind of vehicle based on Special Road is advanced middle wireless charging device |
| JP6427873B2 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2018-11-28 | 株式会社Ihi | Parking assistance device and system |
| CN104485723A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 深圳市泰金田科技有限公司 | Positioning system of electric automobile wireless charging device |
| CN104505925A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-08 | 深圳市泰金田科技有限公司 | Vehicle end positioning method for wireless charging of electric automobile |
| CN104539032A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-22 | 深圳市泰金田科技有限公司 | Electric automobile wireless charging automobile side positioning system |
| CN105811486A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 深圳市泰金田科技有限公司 | Positioning method for electric automobile wireless charging device |
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Address after: 450052 No. 85 South Songshan Road, 27 District, Henan, Zhengzhou Co-patentee after: Henan jiuyu enpai Power Technology Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: STATE GRID HENAN ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION ELECTRIC POWER SCIENCE Research Institute Co-patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China Address before: 450052 No. 85 South Songshan Road, 27 District, Henan, Zhengzhou Co-patentee before: HENAN ENPAI HIGH-TECH GROUP Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: STATE GRID HENAN ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION ELECTRIC POWER SCIENCE Research Institute Co-patentee before: State Grid Corporation of China |