CN102610775B - Lithium ion battery and diaphragm thereof - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery and diaphragm thereof Download PDF

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CN102610775B
CN102610775B CN201210056118.7A CN201210056118A CN102610775B CN 102610775 B CN102610775 B CN 102610775B CN 201210056118 A CN201210056118 A CN 201210056118A CN 102610775 B CN102610775 B CN 102610775B
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barrier film
lithium ion
ion battery
pole piece
diaphragm
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CN102610775A (en
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路超
何平
彭业军
曾毓群
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Dongguan Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Dongguan Amperex Technology Ltd
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a diaphragm with a rough surface. At least one surface of the diaphragm is the rough surface subjected to roughening; and the roughness of the rough surface is 0.5 to 5 mum. Compared with the prior art, the diaphragm has a relatively large surface friction coefficient and a relatively large static friction force; during coiling, the phenomenon of relative deviation caused by relative sliding between a coiling core of a coiling machine and the diaphragm is avoided; the width consistency and the coiling alignment are improved, and the problem of deformation of an electric core is solved; and moreover, the hardness of the electric core is improved due to the variation of the surface interface property. Furthermore, the invention also provides a lithium ion battery with the diaphragm.

Description

A kind of lithium ion battery and barrier film thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, be specifically related to a kind of lithium ion battery that there is the barrier film of rough surface and comprise this barrier film.
Background technology
Along with industrial progress and social development, natural resources is the not exhaustive exploitation of the difficult regenerated resources of reusable edible and use particularly, the natural resources such as coal and oil will soon approach exhaustion, and under this background, people are constantly finding the alternative energy of new green.
Along with the continuous progress and development of energy substitution product, lithium ion battery becomes the focus that people pay close attention to gradually.Lithium ion battery is a kind of free of contamination green secondary energy sources that can repeatedly reuse, and meets the requirement of environmental protection and sustainable development, thereby is more and more subject to people in the industry's favor, has broad application prospects.
But along with the develop rapidly of lithium ion battery manufacturing technology in recent years, people are also more and more higher to the requirement of battery performance and outward appearance.In process of production, owing to being subject to the restriction of material and technology, concerning manufacturing enterprise, the consistency of battery core distortion and battery core size is not good, and the fail safe of the hardness of battery core deficiency and battery core inadequate etc. be all problem demanding prompt solution.
Lithium ion battery generally comprises battery core and holds the pack case of described battery core, and is poured in the electrolyte in described pack case, and described battery core comprises positive pole, negative pole, and is interval in the barrier film between positive pole and negative pole.Wherein, positive pole, barrier film and negative pole are generally made battery core by winding process or lamination process.
In order to address the above problem, we have carried out a large amount of experiment works, found that, barrier film is the key point of problem with the interface of both positive and negative polarity diaphragm: because common membrane surface is relative smooth, in the time reeling, will cause barrier film and pole piece (comprising positive plate and negative plate) the small dislocation on width and length direction, and then cause reel after the off-dimension of battery, and add lubricant between being equivalent to barrier film and pole piece after perfusion electrolyte, the relative sliding of barrier film and diaphragm will make battery core distortion or deliquescing, even there is battery core internal short-circuit, cause potential safety hazard.
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of and can improve the problems such as battery core distortion, battery core hardness deficiency and dimensional uniformity be not good, and the lithium ion battery that can improve the barrier film of battery safety and comprise this barrier film.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is: for the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a kind of and can improve the problems such as battery core distortion, battery core hardness deficiency and dimensional uniformity be not good, and can improve the barrier film of battery core security performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of lithium ion battery barrier film, at least one side of described barrier film is the rough surface through roughening treatment, the roughness of described rough surface is 0.5~5 μ m, in the time that the roughness of barrier film is less than 0.5 μ m, improves DeGrain; In the time that the roughness of barrier film is greater than 5 μ m, because of the roughness of barrier film too large, when drawn needle, can become difficulty because frictional resistance increases, need to transform workpiece or slot on volume pin, reduce barrier film and the contact area of rolling up pin, and ventilate in the time of blanking, avoid rolling up pin in the time extracting out, atmospheric pressure, to barrier film and the pressure that volume pin produces, has increased the trouble in operation.
Improve by the one of barrier film as lithium ion battery of the present invention, the roughness of described rough surface is 1~3 μ m.
Improve by the one of barrier film as lithium ion battery of the present invention, described roughening treatment is to use with the frosted mechanism of predetermined lines to carry out friction treatment at least one surface of described barrier film.The advantage of the method is that principle is simple, easy to operate.
Improve by the one of barrier film as lithium ion battery of the present invention, described predetermined lines is the fine and closely woven spherical crown shape lines through polishing, and the diameter of described spherical crown is less than 0.5mm.Spherical crown diameter is crossed conference and is caused barrier film breakage, and has destroyed the continuity of its processing.
Improve by the one of barrier film as lithium ion battery of the present invention, described roughening treatment is that barrier film is immersed in inductor solution and carries out chemical treatment, and the advantage of this method is that treatment effect is more even, and the own static that can eradicate a mental barrier.
Improve by the one of barrier film as lithium ion battery of the present invention, described inductor solution is that multivalence alcohol interfacial agent inductor FS-202 is dissolved in to the solution that ethyl acetate and acetone obtain.
Improve by the one of barrier film as lithium ion battery of the present invention, the mass fraction of described multivalence alcohol interfacial agent inductor is 1.0~5.0%, and the mass ratio of ethyl acetate and acetone is 0.4: 1~5: 1.
Improve by the one of barrier film as lithium ion battery of the present invention, the basis material of described barrier film be polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) with composite diaphragm, polyimides and the non-woven fabric of polyethylene (PE) in one.
Improve by the one of barrier film as lithium ion battery of the present invention, the thickness of described barrier film is 10~30 μ m, and hot strength is 20~100kPa, and porosity is 30~50%,
With respect to prior art, the present invention at least has advantages of following several respects:
The first, when described barrier film is reeled for lithium rechargeable battery, the frictional force between volume pin and barrier film increases, and is difficult for producing relative sliding, thereby has ensured consistency and the coiling appearance effect of coiling size;
Second, use described barrier film as anodal and negative pole " electronics dividing plate "---its two sides is connected with both positive and negative polarity pole piece respectively, because its surperficial fluffy roughening degree improves, make itself and both positive and negative polarity pole piece laminating degree better, stiction improves, so both positive and negative polarity pole piece can not produce relative slip dislocation with barrier film, thereby has ensured that its battery of producing is not yielding, greatly reduces the deformation rate of battery core;
The 3rd, because both positive and negative polarity pole piece and barrier film can not produce relative slip dislocation, thereby make its contact surface more stable, not only promote the hardness of battery core, and avoided the safety problem that between both positive and negative polarity, contact causes.
The 4th, only changed its surface and interface character by the barrier film of roughening treatment, and former septate mechanical strength, permeability, pore size and arrange etc. do not change, and therefore, can't affect the electrical property of battery.On the contrary, even, because its surface is fluffy coarse, increase its absorbability and hold facility to electrolyte, be beneficial to the cycle performance that improves lithium ion battery.
The 5th, the invention process method is various, and technique is simple, with low cost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion battery, and comprise anode pole piece, cathode pole piece, be interval in the barrier film between anode pole piece and cathode pole piece, and electrolyte, described barrier film is the barrier film described in above-mentioned paragraph.
With respect to prior art, lithium ion battery of the present invention is because its membrane surface has larger roughness, make barrier film and both positive and negative polarity pole piece can not produce relative slip dislocation, make its contact surface more stable, not only promote the hardness of battery core, also promote dimensional uniformity and the security performance of battery, improved the problem on deformation of battery.In addition,, because fluffy membrane surface has liquid storage function, therefore lithium ion battery of the present invention has good cycle performance.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention and useful technique effect thereof are elaborated, wherein:
Fig. 1 is ESEM (SEM) surface topography map of the barrier film in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is ESEM (SEM) surface topography map of the barrier film in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the hardness test curve chart of the battery of comparative example 1 to 3 of the present invention and embodiment 1 to 3;
Fig. 4 is the normal-temperature circulating performance test curve figure of the battery of comparative example 1 to 3 of the present invention and embodiment 1 to 3;
Fig. 5 is high temperature (45 DEG C) the cycle performance test curve figure of the battery of comparative example 1 to 3 of the present invention and embodiment 1 to 3.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, still, embodiments of the invention are not limited to this.
Comparative example
The preparation of cathode pole piece: taking graphite as negative active core-shell material, its weight content is 95%; Taking butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) as binding agent, its weight content is 2%; Taking carbon black as conductive agent, its weight content is 3%; Above-mentioned material is joined to deionized water for stirring and evenly make cathode size; Cathode size is uniformly coated on Copper Foil, after oven dry compacting, through cut-parts, welding negative lug, makes cathode pole piece.
The preparation of anode pole piece: with cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO 2) be positive electrode active materials, its weight content is 96%; Taking Kynoar (PVDF) as binding agent, its weight content is 2%; Taking carbon black as conductive agent, its weight content is 2%; Above-mentioned material is joined in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP) and stirs and make anode sizing agent; Anode sizing agent is uniformly coated on aluminium foil, after oven dry compacting, through cut-parts, welding positive pole ear, makes anode pole piece.
The preparation of barrier film: taking the microporous polypropylene membrane without roughening treatment as barrier film (thickness as 10 μ m, hot strength be 20kPa, porosity is 30%).Gained barrier film is carried out to scanning electron microscopic observation, can find that this membrane surface is smoother, only have a small amount of minute protrusions (as shown in Figure 1).Recording its surface roughness with Japan three rich (Mitutoyo) SJ-201 surface roughness tester is 0.1 μ m left and right.
The preparation of electrolyte: the lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF taking concentration as 1M 6) be lithium salts, taking the mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as solvent, the weight ratio of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is 3: 7, then adds 2% electrolysis additive fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC).
The preparation of lithium ion battery: after the cathode pole piece making according to aforementioned technique, anode pole piece, barrier film are superposeed successively, make battery core by winding process, battery core is packed in battery packages shell, through ageing, change into, make lithium ion battery after capacity etc.
Comparative example 2
Be that from the difference of comparative example 1 barrier film of selecting is different, taking the PP/PE/PP microporous barrier without roughening treatment as barrier film (thickness as 30 μ m, hot strength be 100kPa, porosity is 50%).Gained barrier film is carried out to scanning electron microscopic observation, can find that this membrane surface is smoother, only have a small amount of minute protrusions.Recording its surface roughness with Japan three rich (Mitutoyo) SJ-201 surface roughness tester is 0.2 μ m left and right.
All the other,, with comparative example 1, repeat no more here.
Comparative example 3
Be that from the difference of comparative example 1 barrier film of selecting is different, taking the non-weaving cloth PETG microporous barrier without roughening treatment as barrier film (thickness as 15 μ m, hot strength be 50kPa, porosity is 40%).Gained barrier film is carried out to scanning electron microscopic observation, can find that this membrane surface is smoother, only have a small amount of minute protrusions.Recording its surface roughness with Japan three rich (Mitutoyo) SJ-201 surface roughness tester is 0.3 μ m left and right.
All the other,, with comparative example 1, repeat no more here.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of cathode pole piece: taking graphite as negative active core-shell material, its weight content is 95%; Taking butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) as binding agent, its weight content is 2%; Taking carbon black as conductive agent, its weight content is 3%; Above-mentioned material is joined to deionized water for stirring and evenly make cathode size; Cathode size is uniformly coated on Copper Foil, after oven dry compacting, through cut-parts, welding negative lug, makes cathode pole piece.
The preparation of anode pole piece: with cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO 2) be positive electrode active materials, its weight content is 96%; Taking Kynoar (PVDF) as binding agent, its weight content is 2%; Taking carbon black as conductive agent, its weight content is 2%; Above-mentioned material is joined in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP) and stirs and make anode sizing agent; Anode sizing agent is uniformly coated on aluminium foil, after oven dry compacting, through cut-parts, welding positive pole ear, makes anode pole piece.
There is the preparation of rough surface barrier film:
The first step, the preparation of sand roller: the diameter range of sand roller, between 30~120mm, and is covered with the fine and closely woven spherical crown shape lines through polishing on roller, its spherical crown diameter is less than 0.5mm;
Second step, has the preparation of the barrier film of rough surface: use ten above-mentioned sand roller to be combined into a frosted mechanism, have pressure roller roller devices, to ensure friction effect on each roller of this mechanism; Then, pending PP/PE/PP barrier film (thickness is 30 μ m, and hot strength is 100kPa, and porosity is 50%) is worn successively and walked around all rollers according to the biography band mode of S type, until on last rolling cylinder; Then start the machine and start to process barrier film, its speed is controlled at 10~15m/min, and tension force is controlled between 5~10N/m.
Gained barrier film is carried out to scanning electron microscopic observation, can find that the membrane surface of processing has a large amount of fluffy coarse minute protrusions (as shown in Figure 2).Recording its surface roughness with (Mitutoyo) SJ-201 surface roughness tester is 4 μ m left and right.
The preparation of electrolyte: the lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF taking concentration as 1M 6) be lithium salts, taking the mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as solvent, the weight ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is 3: 7, then adds 2% electrolysis additive fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC).
The preparation of lithium ion battery: after the cathode pole piece making according to aforementioned technique, anode pole piece, barrier film are superposeed successively, make battery core by winding process, battery core is packed in battery packages shell, through ageing, change into, make lithium ion battery after capacity etc.
Embodiment 2
As different from Example 1, there is the preparation of rough surface barrier film:
The first step, the preparation of Treatment Solution: by multivalence alcohol interfacial agent inductor (raising agent FS-202, milky white liquid) be dissolved in ethyl acetate and acetone, the mass fraction of inductor is between 1.0~5%, and the quality proportioning of ethyl acetate and acetone is 0.4: 1~5: 1;
Second step, infusion process is processed barrier film: by pending non-weaving cloth PETG barrier film, (thickness is 15 μ m, hot strength is 50kPa, porosity is 40%) be placed in the container that fills above-mentioned Treatment Solution, process after half an hour, take out barrier film, after being dried, obtain having the barrier film of rough surface in the controlled drying box of humidity and temperature.In order to realize industrialization, can take multi-cylinder continuous impregnating, the controlled drying box of set temperature and humidity above each cylinder.
Gained barrier film is carried out to scanning electron microscopic observation, can find that the membrane surface of processing has a large amount of fluffy coarse minute protrusions.Recording its surface roughness with Japan three rich (Mitutoyo) SJ-201 surface roughness tester is 3 μ m left and right.
All the other,, with embodiment 1, repeat no more here.
Embodiment 3
The preparation as different from Example 1 with rough surface barrier film is by utilizing high-velocity particles to clash into barrier film (polyimides/polypropylene/polyimides composite construction, its thickness is 10 μ m, hot strength is 20kPa, porosity is 30%), and the control that is aided with riot field obtains, all the other are with embodiment 1.
Gained barrier film is carried out to scanning electron microscopic observation, can find that the membrane surface of processing has more fluffy coarse minute protrusions.Recording its surface roughness with Japan three rich (Mitutoyo) SJ-201 surface roughness tester is 1 μ m left and right.
All the other,, with embodiment 1, repeat no more here.
Comparative example 1 to 3 and embodiment 1 to 3 gained battery are contrasted as follows:
One, the outward appearance that the membrane coil of the barrier film with rough surface that embodiment 1 to 3 is prepared and comparative example 1 to 3 is coiled into battery core compares:
The barrier film of the barrier film with rough surface that embodiment 1 to 3 is prepared and comparative example 1 to 3 is reeled on same up-coiler, make battery core, observe the battery core outward appearance of winding, found that, the battery core dimensional uniformity that the fluffy coarse membrane coil in surface lays out is relatively better, and the appearance effect winding is better.
Two, the distortion ratio of the battery core that the barrier film with rough surface that embodiment 1 to 3 is prepared and the membrane coil of comparative example 1 lay out is added up:
The barrier film with rough surface that embodiment 1 to 3 is prepared and the membrane coil of comparative example 1 are coiled into battery core, finish volume test from being wound up into, the deformation rate of statistics between this operation section, and acquired results is shown in table 1.
Table 1 is the battery core deformation rate of embodiment 1 to 3 and comparative example 1
Figure BSA00000679575300081
As shown in Table 1: the distortion of battery core can be effectively improved on surface through the barrier film of roughening treatment.
Three, the battery core hardness that the barrier film with rough surface to embodiment 1 to 3 preparation and the membrane coil of comparative example 1 to 3 are coiled into contrasts:
After battery core shaping, from every group of battery core, randomly draw 1 battery core, carry out hardness test, result as shown in Figure 3.Can find out from the hardness test curve of Fig. 3: the battery hardness that surface makes through the barrier film of fluffy roughening processing is relatively large.
Four, the cycle performance of the battery that the barrier film of the barrier film with rough surface that embodiment 1 to 3 is prepared and comparative example 1 to 3 is made compares:
Embodiment 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 to 3 are done respectively to the test of room temperature cycle performance and 45 DEG C of cycle performance tests of high temperature, and test result respectively as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.As can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5:
First, at room temperature carried out after 800 circulations, capacity all remains on more than 85%, and the battery core cycle performance made of the coarse barrier film prepared of embodiment 1 to 3 is better than the battery core of comparative example 1 to 3 making a little;
Secondly, at 45 DEG C of high temperature, carried out after 300 circulations, capacity all remains on more than 95%, and the battery core that the battery core cycle performance made of the coarse barrier film prepared of embodiment 1 to 3 is made unlike the barrier film of comparative example 1 to 3 is poor.
In sum, the barrier film of process roughening treatment is due to its larger coefficient of friction, and the frictional force that makes to roll up between pin and barrier film increases, and is difficult for producing relative sliding, thereby has ensured consistency and the coiling appearance effect of coiling size, and use described barrier film as anodal and negative pole " electronics dividing plate "---its two sides is connected with both positive and negative polarity pole piece respectively, because its surperficial fluffy roughening degree improves, make itself and both positive and negative polarity pole piece laminating degree better, stiction improves, so both positive and negative polarity pole piece can not produce relative slip dislocation with barrier film, thereby ensure that its battery of producing is not yielding, greatly reduce the deformation rate of battery core, simultaneously because both positive and negative polarity pole piece and barrier film can not produce relative slip dislocation, thereby promote the hardness of battery core, avoid the safety problem that between both positive and negative polarity, contact causes.In addition, because its surface is fluffy coarse, increase its absorbability and hold facility to electrolyte, be beneficial to the cycle performance that improves lithium ion battery.
It should be noted that, the announcement of book and elaboration according to the above description, those skilled in the art in the invention can also change and revise above-mentioned execution mode.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to embodiment disclosed and described above, also should be in the protection range of claim of the present invention to equivalent modifications more of the present invention and change.In addition,, although used some specific terms in this specification, these terms just for convenience of description, do not form any restriction to the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a lithium ion battery barrier film, the at least one side of described barrier film is the rough surface through roughening treatment, the roughness of described rough surface is 0.5 ~ 5 μ m, it is characterized in that: described roughening treatment is that barrier film is immersed in and in inductor solution, carries out chemical treatment, described inductor solution is that multivalence alcohol interfacial agent inductor is dissolved in to the solution that ethyl acetate and acetone obtain.
2. lithium ion battery barrier film according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the roughness of described rough surface is 1 ~ 3 μ m.
3. lithium ion battery barrier film according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass fraction of described multivalence alcohol interfacial agent inductor is 1.0 ~ 5%, and the mass ratio of ethyl acetate and acetone is 0.4:1 ~ 5:1.
4. lithium ion battery barrier film according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the basis material of described barrier film be polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) with composite diaphragm and the polyimides of polyethylene (PE) in one.
5. lithium ion battery barrier film according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described barrier film is 10 ~ 30 μ m, and hot strength is 20 ~ 100kPa, and porosity is 30 ~ 50%.
6. a lithium ion battery, comprises anode pole piece, cathode pole piece, is interval in the barrier film between anode pole piece and cathode pole piece, and electrolyte, it is characterized in that: described barrier film is the lithium ion battery barrier film described in claim 1 to 5 any one.
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