CN102608533B - System and method for testing charge-discharge reliability of battery - Google Patents
System and method for testing charge-discharge reliability of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102608533B CN102608533B CN201110022768.5A CN201110022768A CN102608533B CN 102608533 B CN102608533 B CN 102608533B CN 201110022768 A CN201110022768 A CN 201110022768A CN 102608533 B CN102608533 B CN 102608533B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for testing the charge-discharge reliability of a battery, which comprises the following steps: controlling a power supply to charge the battery; when the charging is finished, notifying an electrical signal tester to repeatedly measure the voltage and the current of the battery; controlling the battery to discharge for the power supply; when the discharging is finished, notifying the electrical signal tester to repeatedly measure the voltage and the current of the battery; according to the voltage values and the current values, which are measured when the charging is finished, generating a first life curve, and according to the voltage values and the current values, which are measured when the discharging is finished, generating a second life curve; judging whether the first and second life curves are coincided with corresponding critical life limit characteristic curves; when the first and second life curves are coincided with the corresponding critical life limit characteristic curves, generating a service reliability testing report of the battery; or when a certain curve is not coincided with the corresponding critical life limit characteristic curve, returning to the charging step. The invention also provides a system for testing the charge-discharge reliability of the battery. By utilizing the method and the system for testing the charge-discharge reliability of the battery, the service life of the battery can be automatically tested.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery test system and method, relate in particular to a kind of battery charging and discharging reliability test system and method.
Background technology
Utilize power supply unit battery to be discharged and recharged to the technology of knowing for industry personnel, the life-span that can be measured battery by the number of times discharging and recharging.Traditional way is, utilizes hardware device directly battery to be carried out to charge-discharge test, or manually measures the data of power supply unit after to battery charging and discharging, then compares with critical value, obtains the life-span of this battery.
But the hardware device of test battery is more expensive, buying this hardware device can increase cost for company, and utilizes manually measurement comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and error is larger.
Summary of the invention
In view of above content, be necessary to provide a kind of battery charging and discharging reliability test system, can automatically and accurately test out the life-span of battery.
Also be necessary to provide a kind of battery charging and discharging reliability test method, can automatically and accurately test out the life-span of battery.
A kind of battery charging and discharging reliability test system, this system comprises: battery charge control module, for controlling power supply unit, battery is charged, notification module, for the voltage and current of notifying electric signal tester repeatedly to measure this battery in the time that charging finishes, and preserves magnitude of voltage and the current value when this battery charging finishes, measured, battery discharge control module, discharges to this power supply unit for controlling battery, described notification module, the also voltage and current for notifying electric signal tester repeatedly to measure this battery in the time that electric discharge finishes, and magnitude of voltage and the current value measured when preserving this battery discharge and finishing, life curve generation module, the magnitude of voltage of measuring while end for charging according to above-mentioned battery and current value generate the first life curve of this battery, calculate each horizontal ordinate on the first life curve of above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. and put described horizontal ordinate on the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of corresponding ordinate value and battery charging and put the first r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value, and the magnitude of voltage of measuring while finishing according to above-mentioned battery discharge and current value generate the second life curve of this battery, calculate each horizontal ordinate on the second life curve of above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. and put described horizontal ordinate on the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of corresponding ordinate value and battery discharge and put the second r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value, life curve determination module, for judging according to the first r.m.s. whether this first life curve is tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging, and judge according to the second r.m.s. whether this second life curve is tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, testing journal sheet's generation module, for being tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging when this first life curve, and this second life curve is while being tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, generates the life-span reliability test form of battery, and described battery charge control module, for not being tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging when this first life curve, maybe, in the time that this second life curve is not tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, again controls power supply unit this battery is charged.
A kind of battery charging and discharging reliability test method, the method comprises: control power supply unit battery is charged, the voltage and current of notifying electric signal tester repeatedly to measure this battery in the time that charging finishes, and preserve magnitude of voltage and the current value that this battery charges while end, controlling battery discharges to this power supply unit, the voltage and current of notifying electric signal tester repeatedly to measure this battery in the time that electric discharge finishes, and magnitude of voltage and current value when preserving this battery discharge and finishing, the magnitude of voltage of measuring while end according to above-mentioned battery charging and current value generate the first life curve of this battery, calculate each horizontal ordinate on the first life curve of above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. and put described horizontal ordinate on the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of corresponding ordinate value and battery charging and put the first r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value, and the magnitude of voltage of measuring while finishing according to above-mentioned battery discharge and current value generate the second life curve of this battery, calculate each horizontal ordinate on the second life curve of above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. and put described horizontal ordinate on the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of corresponding ordinate value and battery discharge and put the second r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value, judge according to the first r.m.s. whether this first life curve is tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging, and judge according to the second r.m.s. whether this second life curve is tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, when the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of this first life curve and battery charging is tending towards overlapping, and this second life curve is while being tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, the life-span reliability test form of generation battery, maybe when this first life curve is not tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging, maybe, in the time that this second life curve is not tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, returns and control the step that power supply unit charges to battery.
Compared to prior art, described battery charging and discharging reliability test system and method, can discharge and recharge reliability test to battery automatically, and to measure the life-span of battery, test speed is fast, and degree of accuracy is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the running environment schematic diagram of battery charging and discharging reliability test system of the present invention preferred embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of master control computer in preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the operation process chart of battery charging and discharging reliability test method of the present invention preferred embodiment.
Main element symbol description
| Master control computer | 1 |
| Power supply unit control channel | 2 |
| Power supply unit | 3 |
| Electric signal testing tool control channel | 4 |
| Electric signal tester | 5 |
| Battery | 6 |
| Battery charging and discharging reliability test system | 10 |
| Parameter arranges module | 100 |
| Battery charge control module | 102 |
| Notification module | 104 |
| Battery discharge control module | 106 |
| Life curve determination module | 108 |
| Testing journal sheet's generation module | 110 |
| Life curve database | 11 |
| Memory device | 12 |
| Processor | 13 |
| Display device | 14 |
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, be the running environment schematic diagram of battery charging and discharging reliability test system of the present invention preferred embodiment.This battery charging and discharging reliability test system 10 runs in master control computer 1.This master control computer 1 is connected with a power supply unit 3 by a power supply unit control channel 2, and is connected with an electric signal tester 5 by electric signal testing tool control channel 4.This master control computer 1 is controlled power supply unit 3 by described battery charging and discharging reliability test system 10 battery 6 is discharged and recharged, battery 6 by electric signal tester 5 to charging and after discharging carries out voltage and current measurement, and measured magnitude of voltage and current value are existed in a life curve database 11.By magnitude of voltage and the current value of this measurement, can test the fiduciary level that discharges and recharges of this battery 6.Concrete test process will be described in detail in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4.
As shown in Figure 2, be the structural representation of master control computer 1 in preferred embodiment of the present invention.In the figure, in master control computer 1, except moving described battery charging and discharging reliability test system 10, power supply unit control channel 2 and electric signal testing tool control channel 4, also comprise life curve database 11, memory device 12, at least one processor 13 and display device 14.
Wherein, battery charging and discharging reliability test system 10 comprises one or more software modules, these one or more software modules are the software program section with specific function, be stored in described memory device 12, and controlled to carry out the reliability test that discharges and recharges of battery 6 by described at least one processor 13.
Described battery charging and discharging reliability test system 10 comprises that parameter arranges module 100, battery charge control module 102, notification module 104, battery discharge control module 106, life curve determination module 108 and testing journal sheet's generation module 110.
Described parameter arranges module 100 for the parameter of battery 6 charging and discharging process power supply units 3 is set.In these battery 6 charging processes, the parameter of power supply unit 3 comprises driver output magnitude of voltage, the driver output resistance value of power supply unit 3, and over-current protection system cut-out value.In described battery 6 discharge processes, the parameter of power supply unit 3 comprises load voltage value, the load end point impedance value of power supply unit 3, and over-current protection system cut-out value.Wherein, described driver output resistance value can modulation; and load end point impedance value is a fixed value, described over-current protection system cut-out value is not burned in the time that battery 6 is discharged and recharged for the protection of power supply unit 3, and this over-current protection system cut-out value is as 500 amperes.
In the present embodiment, described parameter arranges module 100 also for wait distance values, measurement number of times and the discharge time of duration of charging, voltage and current measurement are set.Wherein, the wait distance values of voltage and current measurement refers to the frequency of electric signal tester 5 test batteries 6, be electric signal tester 5 at point measurement sometime after the voltage and current of battery 6, can have repeatedly measured again battery 6 according to the wait distance values of described measurement number of times and voltage and current measurement.
Described battery charge control module 102 is for charging to battery 6 according to this power supply unit 3 of the parameter control of the battery charging process power supply unit 3 of above-mentioned setting.
In the time that charging finishes, the voltage and current of notification module 104 for notifying electric signal tester 5 to measure these batteries 6, and magnitude of voltage and current value that this battery 6 is charged while finishing are stored in described life curve database 11.
Described battery discharge control module 106 is discharged to this power supply unit 3 for the parameter control battery 6 according to the battery discharge procedure power supply unit 3 of above-mentioned setting.
In the time that electric discharge finishes, described notification module 104 is the voltage and current for notifying electric signal tester 5 to measure these batteries 6 also, and magnitude of voltage and current value when preserving this battery discharge and finishing is stored in described life curve database 11.
Life curve generation module 108, the magnitude of voltage of repeatedly measuring while end for charging according to above-mentioned battery and current value generate the first life curve of this battery 6, and the magnitude of voltage of repeatedly measuring while end according to above-mentioned battery discharge and current value generate the second life curve of this battery 6.
Life curve determination module 110 judges whether the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve (being designated hereinafter simply as " the first critical curve ") that these first life curves and battery 6 charge coincide, and judges whether identical (being designated hereinafter simply as " the second critical curve ") of critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve that this second life curve and battery 6 discharge.
The critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve charging when this first life curve and battery 6 coincide, and the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve that discharges of this second life curve and battery 6 is while coincideing, testing journal sheet's generation module 112 is for generating the life-span reliability test form of battery 6.
When the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve that this first life curve and battery 6 charge is misfitted, when the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve maybe discharging when this second life curve and battery 6 is misfitted, battery charge control module 102 is again controlled power supply unit 3 this battery 6 is charged.
In the present embodiment, described curves does not refer to that two curves can overlap, and refers to that curve is tending towards overlapping.Particularly, the life curve that life curve generation module 108 calculates above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. (for example, the first life curve) on each horizontal ordinate put described horizontal ordinate on corresponding ordinate value and the first critical curve and put the r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value and whether go to zero, if the r.m.s. of described difference goes to zero, as equal 0.1, show that this first life curve and the first critical curve coincide, if the r.m.s. of described difference is larger, as be greater than 0.5, show that this first life curve and the first critical curve misfit.For example, described this first life curve and the second life curve are electric current (I)-voltage (V) family curve, be that horizontal ordinate is electric current (I), ordinate is voltage (V), current value on horizontal ordinate is respectively I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, the magnitude of voltage that each current value is corresponding is V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and current value I1, I2, I3, I4, the corresponding magnitude of voltage of I5 are respectively V10, V20, V30, V40 and V50 on the first critical curve, judging service life module 110 is judged (V1-V10)
2+ (V2-V20)
2+ (V3-V30)
2+ (V4-V40)
2+ (V5-V50)
2sum is divided by 5, and then opens value that root side obtains and whether zero difference is less than or equal to a preset value, if this difference is less than or equal to this preset value, shows that described the first life curve and the first critical curve coincide.
As shown in Figure 3, be the operation process chart of battery charging and discharging reliability test method of the present invention preferred embodiment.
Step S01, parameter arranges module 100 and arranges the parameter of power supply unit 3 in battery 6 charging and discharging processes.In this step, parameter arranges wait distance values, measurement number of times and the discharge time that module 100 is also provided with duration of charging, voltage and current measurement.Wherein, the wait distance values of voltage and current measurement refers to the frequency of electric signal tester 5 test batteries 6.
Step S03, battery charge control module 102 is charged to battery 6 according to this power supply unit 3 of parameter control of power supply unit 3 in above-mentioned battery 6 charging processes.Wherein, in these battery 6 charging processes, the parameter of power supply unit 3 comprises driver output magnitude of voltage, the driver output resistance value of power supply unit 3, and over-current protection system cut-out value.This over-current protection system cut-out value, as 500 amperes, is not burned during for the protection of power supply unit 3 excess current.
In the time that charging finishes, in step S05, notification module 104 is notified electric signal tester 5 according to the wait distance values of described voltage and current measurement and is measured number of times and repeatedly measure the voltage and current of this battery 6, and this battery 6 magnitude of voltage and current value of repeatedly measuring while finishing that charge is saved in life curve database 11.
Step S07, battery discharge control module 106 is controlled battery 6 this power supply unit 3 is discharged, in the time that electric discharge finishes, notification module 104 is notified electric signal tester 5 according to the wait distance values of described voltage and current measurement and is measured number of times and repeatedly measure the voltage and current of this battery 6, and this battery 6 magnitude of voltage and current value of repeatedly measuring while finishing that discharge is saved in life curve database 11.Wherein, in described battery 6 discharge processes, the parameter of power supply unit 3 comprises load voltage value, the load end point impedance value of power supply unit 3, and over-current protection system cut-out value.The over-current protection system cut-out value that this over-current protection system cut-out value is utilized during as above-mentioned charging, can be 500 amperes.
Step S09, the magnitude of voltage that life curve generation module 108 obtains according to above-mentioned charge-discharge test and current value generate the life curve of battery 6.Particularly, the magnitude of voltage that this life curve generation module 108 is repeatedly measured when 6 chargings finish according to above-mentioned battery and current value generate the first life curve of this battery 6, and the magnitude of voltage of repeatedly measuring while finishing according to above-mentioned battery 6 electric discharges and current value generate the second life curve of this battery 6.In the present embodiment, this first life curve and the second life curve are electric current (I)-voltage (V) family curve.
Step S11, described life curve determination module 110 judges whether the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of described life curve and battery 6 coincide.Particularly, in the present embodiment, there are two critical lifetime limitation characteristic curvees, wherein one is the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve (the first critical curve described above) in battery 6 charging processes, another is the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve (the second critical curve described above) in battery 6 discharge processes, life curve determination module 110 judges whether the first critical curve of described the first life curve and battery 6 coincide, and judges whether the second critical curve of described the second life curve and this battery 6 coincide.
When the first critical curve of this first life curve and battery 6 coincide, and the second critical curve of this second life curve and battery 6 coincide time, the life-span that shows this battery 6 is lower, in step S13, testing journal sheet's generation module 112 generates a life-span reliability test form according to the charge-discharge test situation of this primary cell 6.
When the first critical curve of this first life curve and battery 6 is misfitted, maybe in the time that the second critical curve of this second life curve and battery 6 is misfitted, return to that step S03 carries out charge-discharge test to battery 6 again until the life curve obtaining and critical curve coincide, and draw thus testing time, the life-span that can be drawn battery 6 by this testing time.
Finally it should be noted that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a battery charging and discharging reliability test system, is characterized in that, this system comprises:
Battery charge control module, charges to battery for controlling power supply unit;
Notification module, for the voltage and current of notifying electric signal tester repeatedly to measure this battery in the time that charging finishes, and preserves magnitude of voltage and the current value when this battery charging finishes, measured;
Battery discharge control module, discharges to this power supply unit for controlling battery;
Described notification module, the also voltage and current for notifying electric signal tester repeatedly to measure this battery in the time that electric discharge finishes, and magnitude of voltage and the current value measured when preserving this battery discharge and finishing;
Life curve generation module, the magnitude of voltage of measuring while end for charging according to above-mentioned battery and current value generate the first life curve of this battery, calculate each horizontal ordinate on the first life curve of above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. and put described horizontal ordinate on the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of corresponding ordinate value and battery charging and put the first r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value, and the magnitude of voltage of measuring while finishing according to above-mentioned battery discharge and current value generate the second life curve of this battery, calculate each horizontal ordinate on the second life curve of above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. and put described horizontal ordinate on the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of corresponding ordinate value and battery discharge and put the second r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value,
Life curve determination module, for judging according to the first r.m.s. whether this first life curve is tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging, and judge according to the second r.m.s. whether this second life curve is tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge;
Testing journal sheet's generation module, for being tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging when this first life curve, and this second life curve is while being tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, generates the life-span reliability test form of battery; And
Described battery charge control module, for not being tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging when this first life curve, maybe, in the time that this second life curve is not tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, again controls power supply unit this battery is charged.
2. battery charging and discharging reliability test system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this system also comprises that parameter arranges module, for arrange battery charging and discharging process power supply unit parameter, duration of charging, voltage and current measurement wait distance values, measure number of times and discharge time, the wait distance values of this voltage and current measurement refers to that electric signal tester measures the magnitude of voltage of battery and the frequency of current value.
3. battery charging and discharging reliability test system as claimed in claim 2; it is characterized in that; in described battery charging process, the parameter of power supply unit comprises driver output magnitude of voltage, the driver output resistance value of power supply unit, and over-current protection system cut-out value.
4. battery charging and discharging reliability test system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, in described battery discharge procedure, the parameter of power supply unit comprises load voltage value, the load end point impedance value of power supply unit, and over-current protection system cut-out value.
5. a battery charging and discharging reliability test method, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Controlling power supply unit charges to battery;
The voltage and current of notifying electric signal tester repeatedly to measure this battery in the time that charging finishes, and preserve magnitude of voltage and the current value that this battery charges while end;
Controlling battery discharges to this power supply unit;
The voltage and current of notifying electric signal tester repeatedly to measure this battery in the time that electric discharge finishes, and magnitude of voltage and current value when preserving this battery discharge and finishing;
The magnitude of voltage of measuring while end according to above-mentioned battery charging and current value generate the first life curve of this battery, calculate each horizontal ordinate on the first life curve of above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. and put described horizontal ordinate on the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of corresponding ordinate value and battery charging and put the first r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value, and the magnitude of voltage of measuring while finishing according to above-mentioned battery discharge and current value generate the second life curve of this battery, calculate each horizontal ordinate on the second life curve of above-mentioned generation according to the mode of r.m.s. and put described horizontal ordinate on the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of corresponding ordinate value and battery discharge and put the second r.m.s. of the difference between corresponding ordinate value,
Judge according to the first r.m.s. whether this first life curve is tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging, and judge according to the second r.m.s. whether this second life curve is tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge;
When the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of this first life curve and battery charging is tending towards overlapping, and this second life curve is while being tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, the life-span reliability test form of generation battery; Or
When this first life curve is not tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery charging, maybe, in the time that this second life curve is not tending towards overlapping with the critical lifetime limitation characteristic curve of battery discharge, returns and control the step that power supply unit charges to battery.
6. battery charging and discharging reliability test method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the method is charged and also comprised before battery in controlling this power supply unit:
Arrange parameter, duration of charging, the voltage and current measurement of power supply unit in battery charging and discharging process wait distance values, measure number of times and discharge time, the wait distance values of this voltage and current measurement refers to that electric signal tester measures the magnitude of voltage of battery and the frequency of current value.
7. battery charging and discharging reliability test method as claimed in claim 6; it is characterized in that; in described battery charging process, the parameter of power supply unit comprises driver output magnitude of voltage, the driver output resistance value of power supply unit, and over-current protection system cut-out value.
8. battery charging and discharging reliability test method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, in described battery discharge procedure, the parameter of power supply unit comprises load voltage value, the load end point impedance value of power supply unit, and over-current protection system cut-out value.
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| CN201110022768.5A CN102608533B (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-01-20 | System and method for testing charge-discharge reliability of battery |
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| CN201110022768.5A CN102608533B (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-01-20 | System and method for testing charge-discharge reliability of battery |
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| CN103592601A (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-19 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | Test system automatically detecting battery capacity according to charging and discharging curves |
| CN106610476B (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2019-05-07 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | Test method, device and the terminal of charge and discharge process |
| CN107462822A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-12 | 国神光电科技（上海）有限公司 | The method of testing and system of a kind of power-down protection circuit |
| CN106980090B (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2019-04-19 | 江苏威伦智能电气设备有限公司 | A kind of battery management system of high reliablity |
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| JP2000121710A (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Battery control device for backup power supply and method for diagnosing deterioration of secondary battery |
| JP3868692B2 (en) * | 2000-02-21 | 2007-01-17 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Battery deterioration degree determination apparatus and recording medium recording deterioration degree calculation program in battery deterioration degree determination apparatus |
| US8102152B2 (en) * | 2007-01-11 | 2012-01-24 | Panasonic Corporation | Deterioration detecting method and deterioration suppressing method for rechargeable lithium batteries, deterioration detector, deterioration suppressor, battery pack, and charger |
| JP4668306B2 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2011-04-13 | パナソニック株式会社 | Secondary battery life estimation device and secondary battery life estimation method |
| US8255176B2 (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2012-08-28 | Research In Motion Limited | Systems and methods for monitoring deterioration of a rechargeable battery |
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